Forming an adhesive layer on a nanoimprint lithography template or a double-sided disk. Forming the adhesive layer on the double-sided disk includes immersing the double-sided disk in a liquid adhesive composition and removing the double-sided disk from the adhesive composition. The outer layer of the double-sided disk is a carbon overcoating or an intermediate layer. The adhesive composition is dried to form a first adhesion layer adhered directly to the carbon overcoating or intermediate layer on a first side of the disk and a second adhesion layer adhered directly to the carbon overcoating or intermediate layer on a second side of the disk. Forming the adhesive layer on the nanoimprint lithography template includes applying an adhesive material to the template, allowing the template to remain motionless, and rinsing a portion of the adhesive material from the template with a solvent, and drying the template.
A sensing interface for specific protein capture was fabricated using a novel molecular imprinting (MIP) process. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) were imprinted on a quartz substrate with modified alkyl groups, and target protein capture was detected using a deep-UV fluorescence image microscope (UVFLIM). The imprinted protein was immobilized to silica beads (diameter: 15 μm) using a phospholipid polymer containing both active ester groups and silane coupling groups, which were used as protein stamps to prepare the imprinting surface. Protein recognition sites were constructed by integrating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the ligand, which was immobilized with a biocompatible photoreactive phospholipid polymer. When BSA solution was added to the BSA-based MIP substrate, strong fluorescence was observed from the tryptophan residue of BSA. In contrast, for the OVA-based MIP substrate and non-MIP substrate, no fluorescence was observed. The surface showed good selectivity of BSA ...
Molecular imprinting is a promising technique for the preparation of synthetic polymers of predetermined specificity. Function monomers are copolymerized with crosslinkers in the desired molecule, the imprinted molecule. Molecular imprinted polymers have been applied in an increasing number of fields including Separation, antibody and ceptor binding mimics, catalysis and artificial enzymes, biosensor-like devices. Besides, some problems and future research topics of this technique are discussed.
Novel analyte-responsive inverse-opal hydrogels (IOHs) based on molecular imprinting technology were fabricated to generate a highly selective and sensitive device for the colorimetric detection of tetracycline (TC). The TC-responsive IOHs were constructed by packing periodic silica-air arrays and then photo
Abstract: Molecular imprinting is an important tool for generating synthetic receptors with specific recognition sites. The resulting artificial receptor has been extensively used in areas that require molecular recognition. Nevertheless, various imprinted materials synthesized using conventional imprinting protocols have low binding capacities and slow binding kinetics because of difficulty in extracting the original templates and high resistance to mass transfer. The combination of molecular imprinting and nanostructured materials is expected to overcome such difficulties. In this work, template molecules were attached onto the electrospun fibers and by using electrospun nanofibers and attached molecules as sacrificial templates, surface molecularly imprinted membranes with bi-, tri- or tetramodal pore structures were fabricated in the absence or presence of SiO2 nanoparticles in the molecular imprinting precursor. As a demonstration, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hemoglobin from bovine blood ...
Influenza virus H5N1, which caused the recent outbreak of avian flu, may have a new enemy. Researchers at the University of Marylands A. James Clark School of Engineering have created a virus sponge that could filter a patients blood in a process similar to kidney dialysis, removing the virus from the patients body. The concept could also be used to make vaccine production more efficient and in a pill to reduce glucose levels in diabetics, among other applications. The virus sponge is based on a technology called molecular imprinting. In molecular imprinting, researchers stamp a molecules shape into a substance (in this case, a hydrogel-a material that looks like a powder when dry; and like Jell-O when wet). When the specific molecule filters through the hydrogel, it fits in the imprint hole and is trapped. The research group of Peter Kofinas, a professor in the Clark Schools Fischell Department of Bioengineering, is the first to apply molecular imprinting to the capture of viruses, and ...
Nanonex is the inventor of nanoimprint lithography , the world s first nanoimprint lithography company, and the world s leading provider of nanoimprint solutions that include equipment, masks, resists and processes. Nanonex s patented and proprietary nanoimprint lithography (NIL) solutions and Air-Cushion PressTM can manufacture 3D nanostructures with sub-5 nm resolution, large-area uniformity, accurate overlay alignment, high throughput, and low cost. Nanonex NIL solutions have been adopted by a broad spectrum of industry applications, such as optical devices, data storage, displays, light emitting diodes, semiconductor ICs, biotech, chemical synthesis, and advanced materials. Nanonex has over 100 customers and an installed base of more than 40 tools world-wide ...
Cooperative binding is commonly observed in biological receptor systems. This study investigates whether it is possible to prepare nano-sized molecularly imprinted polymers (nanoMIPs) that show cooperative binding. NanoMIPs which exhibit cooperative binding would have increased affinity for immobilised template molecules making them useful for advanced applications in diagnostics and sensors. The use of a templatederivatised solid support provides a facile route to prepare nanoMIPs with surface imprints, and the method is ideally suited to study this topic. Although not observed during the course of this study, positive interbinding site cooperativity was hypothesised by way of an increase in the number of binding sites imprinted on the nanoMIPs, by increasing template density on the solid support surface. After synthesis, the affinity of nanoMIPs was analysed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Under the conditions investigated, a ten fold increase in binding affinity was measured ...
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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are used to characterize and quantify biomolecular interactions. Real-time and fast measurement, high sensitivity and specificity, no need of labeled reagents are the unique properties of SPR biosensors. SPR biosensors have been used for detection of several analytes. Recently, molecular imprinting technology is used for creation of biorecognition surfaces on the SPR biosensors. Molecular imprinting is the technology of designing materials with robust recognition sites suitable for interaction with the print molecule. Due to their stability in complex matrices under tough conditions, ease of preparation, low cost, reusability, high recognition capacity to the template molecule and binding characteristics as high as those of natural binders, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are extensively used in a variety of areas, such as catalysis, separations, solid-phase extractions and biosensors. In this study, an SPR biosensor was prepared for prostate ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Enhanced solar-cell efficiency in bulk-heterojunction polymer systems obtained by nanoimprinting with commercially available AAO membrane filters. AU - Lee, Jae Hyun. AU - Kim, Daewoo. AU - Jang, Hong. AU - Choi, Jong Kil. AU - Geng, Jianxin. AU - Jung, Jae Wook. AU - Yoon, Sung Cheol. AU - Jung, Hee Tae. PY - 2009/10/16. Y1 - 2009/10/16. N2 - Enhanced solar-cell efficiency in bulk-heterojunction polymer systems obtained by nanoimprinting with commercially available AAO membrane filters are discussed. The study revealed that the simple method can he employed to enhance the performance of polymerized photovoltaic cells, where the process involves the use of a commercially available AAO membrane filter to control the morphology of the surface of the active layer. The study has developed a new procedure for the construction of polymer-based, bulk heterojunction solar cells that have considerably improved PCE. The sequence used to prepare the solar cell begins with cleaning a ...
Receptors generated by natural evolution in living organisms show an astonishing capacity for specifically recognizing target molecules. If applied as recognition units of biosensors, these receptors provide very high selectivity. However, they suffer from instability under measurement conditions, and low durability. Devising alternative robust artificial receptors circumvents these deficiencies. For instance, an antibody can be successfully replaced by a corresponding molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), sometimes called a plastic antibody. Therefore, MIPs used as recognition units in chemical sensors are gaining increasing interest. In this review, we survey selected examples of MIPs used for determining target bioanalytes by mimicking natural recognition. For scientists working with biosensors, MIPs might be considered as alternatives to natural receptors, such as antibodies, enzymes, or histones.
The molecular imprinting techniques have been extensively studied for molecular recognition and their potential applications to separation and catalysis. The traditional imprinting method uses the crosslinking polymerization in the presence of a substrate molecule followed by grinding the bulk system to microparticles with an irregular shape. In addition, the imprinting is restricted to a hydrophobic substrate because the polymerization reaction is usually done in the organic solvent using hydrophobic monomers. In this case, the irregular shape and microparticle size might be a concern for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) application as a biosensor. In this study, we investigated a well-defined nanosphere with a core-shell structure for molecular imprinting. The hydrophilic substrates including D-glucose (D-Glu) or L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) were imprinted on the surface (shell) of nanosphere and their binding behavior were investigated. Their enantiomer (L-Glu or D-Phe) binding behavior to the ...
Small particles of polymeric material are produced by expansion of a mixture of monomers and a propellant. The size and shape of the particles can be precisely tailored by materials selection and expansion conditions. Particles of 10 nanometers to 100 microns can be produced. If monomers exhibiting solid state reactivity are utilized, the particles thus formed can be polymerized at any time after formation. The particles produced by this method can be molecularly imprinted by incorporating a template into the particle prior to fully curing the particle, in a manner which allows selective extraction of the template from the cured particle after formation without deformation of the imprint site. A two step polymerization process allows the particles to be deposited on and adhered to a wide variety of substrates without additional agents. The molecularly imprinted particles can be used in a wide variety of applications including the selective binding of analyte from a sample, where the analyte is the
The aim of this work is to serve as a guideline for the initial selection of monomer and solvent for the synthesis of the nitrocompound - based molecularly imprinted polymers, MIPs. Reported data includes evaluation of six systems with ability to for
The wealth of molecular precursors for organic and inorganic polymers has resulted in an incredible volume of molecular imprinting literature. The vast majority of reports deal with organic polymer systems, and molecular imprinting in silica can still be considered a small niche in the field. In this review,
Principal Investigator:TAKAGI Makoto, Project Period (FY):1995 - 1998, Research Category:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Section:一般, Research Field:工業分析化学
29] Wang S., Xu Z.X., Fang G.Z., Zhang Y., Liu B., Zhu H.P.,Development of a biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay method for the determination of estrone inenvironmental water using novel molecularly imprinted filmsof controlled thickness as artificial antibodies, J. Agric. Food.Chem., 2009, 57, 4528-4534.[Crossref ...
Japans largest platform for academic e-journals: J-STAGE is a full text database for reviewed academic papers published by Japanese societies
TY - JOUR. T1 - Size control of arsenic trioxide nanocrystals grown in nanowells. AU - You, Eun Ah. AU - Ahn, Richard W.. AU - Min, Hyung Lee. AU - Raja, Meera R.. AU - OHalloran, Thomas V.. AU - Odom, Teri W.. PY - 2009/8/12. Y1 - 2009/8/12. N2 - (Figure Presented) This paper describes a new strategy to generate nanocrystalline drugs through the precipitation of drug molecules in attoliter nanowells. We controlled the size of arsenic trioxide (ATO) nanocrystals by simply changing the concentration of ATO solution in the nanowells; particles with sizes ranging from 55 to 175 nm were formed. This approach only requires the drugs to be soluble in a solvent and thus can be broadly applicable to produce other drugs in nanocrystalline form.. AB - (Figure Presented) This paper describes a new strategy to generate nanocrystalline drugs through the precipitation of drug molecules in attoliter nanowells. We controlled the size of arsenic trioxide (ATO) nanocrystals by simply changing the concentration ...
Alternative URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267014008289 Abstract: For molecular imprinting of oxidatively electroactive analytes by electropolymerization, we used herein reductively electroactive functional monomers. As a proof of concept, we applied C60 fullerene adducts as such for the first time. For that, we derivatized C60 to bear either an uracil or an amide, or a carboxy addend for recognition of the adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) oxidizable analyte with the ATP-templated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP-ATP). Accordingly, the ATP complex with all of the functional monomers formed in solution was potentiodynamically electropolymerized to deposit an MIP-ATP film either on an Au electrode of the quartz crystal resonator or on a Pt disk electrode for the piezoelectric microgravimetry (PM) or capacitive impedimetry (CI) determination of ATP, respectively, under the flow-injection analysis (FIA) conditions. The apparent imprinting factor for ATP was ~4.0. After ...
The aim of NIM_NIL was the development of a production process for three-dimensional (3D) negative index materials (NIMs) in the visible...
EVG720 UV-NIL system provides industry-leading throughput and low cost of ownership with integrated soft template replication capability.
The addition of thin coatings (less than and approaching monomolecular coatings) of persistent release materials comprising preferred compounds of the formula: RELEASE-M(X)|sub|n|/sub|-1 -- RELEAS
In what should be good news for integrated circuit manufacturers, recent studies by the National Institute of Standards and Technology have helped resolve two important questions about an emerging microcircuit manufacturing ...
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Contact lenses, as an alternative drug delivery vehicle for the eye compared to eye drops, are desirable due to potential advantages in dosing regimen, bioavailability and patient tolerance/compliance. The challenge has been to engineer and develop these materials to sustain drug delivery to the eye for a long period of time. In this study, model silicone hydrogel materials were created using a molecular imprinting strategy to deliver the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Acetic and acrylic acid were used as the functional monomers, to interact with the ciprofloxacin template to efficiently create recognition cavities within the final polymerized material. Synthesized materials were loaded with 9.06 mM, 0.10 mM and 0.025 mM solutions of ciprofloxacin, and the release of ciprofloxacin into an artificial tear solution was monitored over time. The materials were shown to release for periods varying from 3 to 14 days, dependent on the loading solution, functional monomer concentration and functional monomer
The molecular imprinting is a process by which selected functional monomers that self-assemble around a master molecule and polymerize in the presence of a crosslinking agent.
article{7ad62f97-b07f-4eb0-a3bf-db956a1e18d1, abstract = {The technique of molecular imprinting allows the formation of specific recognition sites in synthetic polymers through the use of templates or imprint molecules. These recognition sites mimic the binding sites of antibodies and other biological receptor molecules. Molecularly imprinted polymers can therefore be used in applications relying on specific molecular binding events. The stability, ease of preparation and low cost of these materials make them particularly attractive. This review focuses on recent developments and advances in the field of molecularly imprinted materials, with special emphasis on applications in immunoassays and sensors recently developed by our group and by others.}, author = {Haupt, Karsten Olaf}, issn = {1364-548X}, language = {eng}, number = {2}, pages = {171--178}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, series = {Chemical Communications}, title = {Imprinted polymers - Tailor-made mimics of antibodies and ...
With great sadness, we inform our colleagues and the scientific community of the decease of Prof. Dr. Denise P. Barlow. Denise died on October 21, 2017 at the age of 67 after severe illness in the company of friends. Denise Barlow was one of the most accomplished geneticists ever to operate in Austria and one of the most inspiring epigeneticists in Europe. Denise Barlow is one of the few researchers who could claim not only to have discovered a fundamental regulatory principle of eukaryotic gene expression, molecular imprinting, but to actually have elucidated the underlying mechanism.. In 1991, the Barlow group discovered the first mammalian imprinted gene (Igf2r) and since then, has worked relentlessly to uncover many fascinating details of the imprinting mechanism. As a result, imprinting of the Igf2r gene has acted as a model of epigenetic regulation in mammals. Her laboratory has shown that an unusual and very long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a macro ncRNA, induces imprinted gene expression. ...
Stream Bio, a company that develops and manufactures a range of transformative bioimaging molecular probes, is delighted to announce a new joint venture with Colworth based MIP Diagnostics Ltd., a world leader in molecular imprinting for diagnostic and other applications. The collaborative project will focus on the development of a COVID-19 (or SARS-Cov-2) antigen reagent for assays, a lateral flow Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and an ELISA type assay for high throughput screening (HTS) or mass testing.. The unique properties of both Streams and MIPs novel technologies allows for fast development of an extremely sensitive, and stable detection platform for the virus. The lateral flow project aims to reduce the diagnosis time to just 10 minutes, while the ELISA assay would enable a different detection system common in nearly all labs to be utilised alongside PCR, dramatically increasing capability.. With current PCR-based methods, it can take over a day to receive and act on lab results. The ...
The turning point of modern immunological theory was the advent of the clonal selection theory (Burnet, Talmage - 1957). A useful heuristic in the classification of theoretical models was the contrast of instructive with selective models of the acquisition of information by biological systems. The neo-Darwinian synthesis of the 1940s had consolidated biologists model of evolution based on prior random variation and natural selection, viz. differential fecundity. While evolution in the large was by then pretty well settled, controversy remained about examples of cellular adaptation to chemical challenges, like induced drug-resistance, enzyme formation and the antibody response. While instructive theories have been on the decline, some clear cut examples can be found of molecular imprinting in the abiotic world, leading, e.g. to the production of specific sorbents. Template-driven assembly, as in DNA synthesis, has remained a paradigm of instructive specification. Nevertheless, the ...
Achieving fast antimicrobial susceptibility results is a primary goal in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Standard antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) takes, however, at least a day from patient sample to susceptibility profile. Here, we developed and clinically validated a rapid phenotypic AST based on a miniaturized nanotiter plate, the nanowell slide, that holds 672 wells in a 500 nl format for bacterial cultivation. The multitude of nanowells allows multiplexing with a panel of six antibiotics relevant for urinary tract infections. Inclusion of seven concentrations per antibiotic plus technical replicates enabled us to determine a precise minimum inhibitory concentration for 70 clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. By combining optical recordings of bacterial growth with an algorithm for optical signal analysis, we calculated Tlag, the point of transition from lag to exponential phase, in each nanoculture. Algorithm-assisted analysis determined antibiotic susceptibility as
Annealing of shape memory polymer. Movie showing the shape recovery of a polystyrene (PS) microparticle during annealing. Imaged using tapping mode on a MFP-3D with scan size 15 μm. The PS particle was flattened with a high-temperature, high-pressure nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process and then thinly coated with gold. The movie starts with the particle heated to 80°C. The temperature is rapidly stepped to 102°C, then over the course of three hours the temperature is gradually increased to 110°C. During annealing the particle diameter decreases and the height increases, recovering the original, pre-NIL spherical shape. A surface wrinkling morphology develops that gives information on recovery dynamics and strain energy release. Applications for micro- and nanoscale polymer particles include drug delivery and electronic packaging; incorporating shape memory effects could lead to many more. Data courtesy of Jason Killgore (NIST) and Lewis Cox (University of Colorado-Boulder). Adapted from ...
Photonic crystal slabs (PCS) are one of the major transducers for label-free, optical biosensing applications. In this paper we present oblique-angle layer deposition of the high index slab material as a method to improve the PCS sensitivity. In simulations and experiments we consider PCSs composed of a high index silicon monoxide layer on a nanostructured resist layer on a glass substrate. By mounting the substrate at an oblique angle with respect to the evaporation source, the high index material distribution on the nanostructured surface is modified due to shadowing effects. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were performed to predict bulk and surface sensitivities. In order to verify the simulation results we fabricated PCSs at various deposition angles using nanoimprint lithography to replicate a linear grating nanostructure into the resist layer and thermal evaporation for a 60-nm silicon monoxide deposition. The bulk sensitivities of these structures were measured using ...
Protecting the human body from viral infections is extremely important for maintaining human health. To prevent viral infections, early diagnosis is important. Moreover, the diagnosis must also be non-invasive and non-painful. Hence, for development of novel analytical systems for protecting from viral infections, non-invasive biosensing devices with high sensitivity and high throughput are effective analytical systems that can be conveniently used to make a diagnosis. For establishment of novel analytical systems, photonic crystal (PC) can be used to observe nanometer-sized periodic structures, and their structural color can be used to realize on-site non-invasive biosensor. In this study, we have demonstrated the reflectometric detection of influenza virus in human saliva using antibody-immobilized flexible nanoimprint lithography (NIL)-based two-dimensional (2D)-PC biosensor. As a result, using antibody-immobilized 2D-PC biosensor, reflection intensity change which related with influenza ...
By exploiting nanoimprint lithography, we fabricated biocompatible plastic GRs of varying periodicity suitable for high-resolution microscopy and investigated neurite contact guidance of an invertebrate neuronal model (leech neurons). Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we quantitatively compared the changes in tubulin cytoskeleton organization and cell morphology induced by mechanotransduction. The neuritic development and filopodium organization at the GCs were also studied in response to topographical guidance. This in vitro model was finally compared and validated with several other neuronal cells, from embryonic stem cells and primary hippocampal neurons to human neuroblastoma differentiated cells, which were interfaced with similar GRs.. Leech neurons could read the directional topographical information of T2 and T4. In particular, cell and neurite network alignment was more efficient on T4 than on T2 and neuron morphology was less branched, in agreement with [44]. The GCs were ...
The 2018 MSE Fall colloquium is scheduled to be held at UNIST on November 22, 2018. For the lecture, Professor Heon Lee from Korea University will be presenting Nanoimprint Lithography for Hig... ...
Self-assembling molecules use hybrid polymers, called block copolymers, composed of segments that repel each other. Coated as a thin film on a properly prepared surface, the segments line up into perfect rows. The size of the polymer segments determines the row spacing. After polymer patterns are created, a chip-industry process called line doubling makes the tiny features even smaller, creating two separate lines where one existed before. The patterns are then converted into templates for nanoimprinting, a precision stamping process that transfers the nanometer-scale pattern onto a chip or disk substrate. A key challenge proved to be preparing the original surface so the block copolymers form their patterns in the radial and circular paths necessary for rotating disk storage. HGST is the first to combine self-assembling molecules, line doubling and nanoimprinting to make rectangular features as small as 10 nanometers in such a circular arrangement ...
Nanomanufacturing 3: Imprint Technology Topics: Imprinting: A Long History Nanoimprinting and Hot Embossing Example of nanoimprint machine Volume Manufacture Large-Scale NIL Examples Step and Flash imprint Lithography(SFIL) Application Example: Security NIL application in metamaterials Imprinting Defect Defect examples Soft Lithography Micro Contact Printing Micro Molding in Capillaries(MIMIC) Multilayer soft Lithography Challenges of soft lithography ...
A novel monodisperse molecularly imprinted shell was prepared based on surface imprinted hollow vinyl-SiO2 particles and applied to selective recognition and adsorption of estradiol (E2). This method was carried out by introducing vinyltriethoxysilane to the surface of polystyrene (PS) spheres by a simple one-step modification, followed by dissolution to remove the PS cores, and then by copolymerization of functional monomers via surface imprinted on the hollow vinyl-SiO2 particles to prepare uniform E2-imprinted shells. Two interesting characteristics were found: first, the obtained hollow molecularly imprinted polymer shells (H-MIPs) had highly monodispersity, uniform spherical shape with a shell thickness of about 40 nm; and then, the method was simple, easy to operate by directing coating of a uniform shell on hollow particles via surface imprinting. The resultant H-MIPs demonstrated improvements in imprinting factor and binding kinetics, owing to the high selectivity to template molecules, surface
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Abstract. A digital light modulation microscope (DLMM) that utilizes a digital micromirror device (DMD) on an epifluorescence microscope has been developed to modulate excitation light in spatial and temporal domains for phosphorescence lifetime detection. Local O2 concentration can be inferred through the detected lifetime around an O2-quenching phosphorescent porphyrin microsensor. Combined with microsensor arrays, the DLMM can sequentially address light to each microsensor element to construct a discrete lifetime image or O2 distribution. In contrast to conventional phosphorescence lifetime imaging, the new method eliminates the need for a pulsed light source and a time-gated camera. To demonstrate O2 sensing with lab-on-a-chip devices, an array of 150-µm-diameter micro-wells coated with phosphorescent porphyrin were observed. The locations of the sensor elements were automatically identified though image analysis. The goal of this platform is to measure the O2 consumption of individual ...
The mirrors themselves are made out of aluminum and are around 16 micrometers across. Each one is mounted on a yoke which in turn is connected to two support posts by compliant torsion hinges. In this type of hinge, the axle is fixed at both ends and twists in the middle. Because of the small scale, hinge fatigue is not a problem [3] and tests have shown that even 1 trillion (1012) operations do not cause noticeable damage. Tests have also shown that the hinges cannot be damaged by normal shock and vibration, since it is absorbed by the DMD superstructure. Two pairs of electrodes control the position of the mirror by electrostatic attraction. Each pair has one electrode on each side of the hinge, with one of the pairs positioned to act on the yoke and the other acting directly on the mirror. The majority of the time, equal bias charges are applied to both sides simultaneously. Instead of flipping to a central position as one might expect, this actually holds the mirror in its current position. ...
A bulk polymerization method was used to easily and efficiently prepare homo-veratric acid (3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid)-imprinted polymers from eight basic monomers: 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, N-allylaniline, N-allylpiperazine, allylurea, allylthiourea, and allylamine, in the presence of homoveratric acid as a template in N,N-dimethylformamide as a porogen. The imprinted polymer prepared from allylamine had the highest affinity to the template, showing an imprinting factor of 3.43, and allylamine polymers MIP8/NIP8 were selected for further studies. Their binding properties were analyzed using the Scatchard method. The results showed that the imprinted polymers have two classes of heterogeneous binding sites characterized by two pairs of Kd, Bmax values: Kd(1) = 0.060 μmol/mL, Bmax(1) = 0.093 μmol/mg for the higher affinity binding sites, and Kd(2) = 0.455 μmol/mL, Bmax(2) = 0.248 μmol/mg for the lower affinity binding sites. Non-imprinted polymer has only one class of
Purpose: : Molecular imprinting has been used to prolong drug release in drug delivery applications. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been shown to decrease lysozyme sorption and improve wettability in model contact lenses when used as an internal wetting agent. It was of interest to investigate the release of imprinted HA to determine if imprinting prolonged HA release and if this released HA decreased lysozyme sorption. Methods: : Model conventional (pHEMA) and silicone (pHEMA/TRIS) hydrogels were synthesized. HA was added to the reaction mixture prior to UV polymerization. The release of HA into PBS was measured using UV Spectroscopy at 280 nm. Throughout the release, hydrogels were removed from PBS, dried and then incubated with radiolabeled lysozyme for 2 hrs (pHEMA) and 24 hrs (pHEMA/TRIS) to determine if the released HA could decrease sorption. Results: : HA (35 and 910 kDa) was released from pHEMA hydrogels for 14 days. The lysozyme sorption ranged from 5.26 ± 0.32 to 13.49 ± 0.77 µg for 35 ...
In order to minimize light diffraction along the direction of switching and more particularly light diffraction into the acceptance cone of the collection optics, in the present invention, micromirrors are provided which are not rectangular. Also, in order to minimize the cost of the illumination optics and the size of the display unit of the present invention, the light source is placed orthogonal to the rows (or columns) of the array, and/or the light source is placed orthogonal to a side of the frame defining the active area of the array. The incident light beam, though orthogonal to the sides of the active area, is not however, orthogonal to any substantial portion of sides of the individual micromirrors in the array. Orthogonal sides cause incident light to diffract along the direction of micromirror switching, and result in light leakage into the on state even if the micromirror is in the off state. This light diffraction decreases the contrast ratio of the micromirror. The micromirrors of
2011 marks DPIs 15th anniversary, and what a monumental milestone it is. With so many years of pragmatic growth and a sound corporate structure, the time is right for DPI to extend our product offerings and bring our precision displays to select new markets.. -- Digital Projection International (DPI) was founded with one key objective; to innovate the projection technology of the future in order to advance the capabilities of large-screen displays. Since our company first took on this challenge, we have worked closely with our customers to assure our products create the most precise imagery possible within every application. From our strategic partnership with Texas Instruments which led to refinement of the Digital Micromirror Device™ for projection applications and the worlds first 3-chip DLP projector, to receiving the only Emmy Awards ever awarded to a projector manufacturer, weve seen many successes. DPIs progress over the years is proof that equal parts hard work and product ...
De Beule, P.; de Vries, A. H. B.; Arndt-Jovin, D. J.; Jovin, T. M.: Generation-3 programmable array microscope (PAM) with digital micro-mirror device (DMD). In: SPIE proceedings, Bd. 7932, 7932OG (Hg. Douglass, M. R.; Oden, P. I.). Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications III, San Francisco, Calif., 26. Januar 2011. SPIE, Bellingham, Wash. (2011 ...
Obviously, the field has come a long way since Cricks initial speculation. In fact, last year, another major development occurred right here on the Harvard campus. In January 2011, the Samuel Lab of the Center for Brain Science published their work on CoLBeRT, an optogenetic system that allows them to Control Locomotion and Behavior in Real Time (4). CoLBeRT uniquely allows neural manipulation in freely moving, unanesthetized organisms like C. elegans. Though the 302 neurons of C. elegans have been extensively mapped, the Samuel Lab wanted to examine patterns of neural activity underlying common behaviors exhibited by these worms.. To target individual motor neurons, they used a digital micromirror device (DMD). Laser lights of the appropriate frequency are reflected off a series of mirrors onto the DMD, which focuses the light with high spatial specificity on the worm (genetically engineered to express ChR2 and NpHR). The lasers specificity is so precise that the system can illuminate the ...
OPTRA proposes the development of a two-color IR source simulator based on fused projected images of two digital micromirror devices (DMDs), one for each spectral band. The system employs a broadband IR (thermal) source whose energy is spectrally filtered via a dichroic beamsplitter and bandpass filters prior to being imaged onto each DMD. The on reflected image from each DMD is then recombined by the dichroic beamsplitter, and the fused beam is expanded by a telescope and transmitted towards the unit under test. The relative intensities of the two bands are controlled through the duty cycle of on versus off images reflected by each DMD. Because the IR source temperature is constant, response is considerably faster than resistive based simulators; similarly, thermal management issues are significantly less complex than with resistive arrays whose time constant depends on thermal management. Simplified thermal management may result in a lower power, more fieldable system. This approach ...
The TI DLP660TE digital micromirror device (DMD) is a digitally controlled micro-opto-electromechanical system (MOEMS) spatial light modulator (SLM) that enables bright, affordable full 4K UHD display solutions.
ADVANCEMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY ENABLED RESEARCHERS TO REVEAL THE EFFECT OF TOPOGRAPHY ON CELLULAR BEHAVIOURS. HOWEVER, THE KEY TOPOGRAPHICAL PARAMETERS IN MODULATING CELLULAR BEHAVIOUR ARE STILL UNCLEAR. DIFFERENT TOPOGRAPHICAL DESIGN PARAMETERS WERE INVESTIGATED ON CELL BEHAVIOURS RELEVANT TOWARDS VASCULAR ENGINEERING AND DRUG AND GENE DELIVERY. FIRSTLY, PATTERNING OF PVA HYDROGEL VIA NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY AND SOFT LITHOGRAPHY WAS ACHIEVED. TOPOGRAPHIES IMPROVED HUVEC ADHESION ON PVA HYDROGEL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. THIS WOULD ENHANCE ENDOTHELIALISATION RESPONSES ON PVA HYDROGEL TOWARDS VASCULAR GRAFT APPLICATIONS. SECONDLY, HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING OF TOPOGRAPHY USING MULTI-ARCHITECTURE (MARC) CHIP IDENTIFIED SEVERAL TOPOGRAPHICAL DESIGNS SUCH AS TOPOGRAPHY WITH CURVATURE AND HIERARCHICAL TOPOGRAPHY THAT MODULATE HUVEC ADHESION, PROLIFERATION RATE AND TRANSFECTION EFFICIENCY. THIRDLY, TOPOGRAPHY FEATURE SIZE ALSO MODULATE INTERNALIZATION OF FITC-DEXTRAN AND TRANSFECTION EFFICIENCY ...
A method and apparatus for high density nanostructures is provided. The method and apparatus include Nano-compact optical disks, such as nano-compact disks (Nano-CDS). In one embodiment a 400 Gbit/in2 topographical bit density nano-CD with nearly three orders of magnitude higher than commercial CDS has been fabricated using nanoimprint lithography. The reading and wearing of such Nano-CDS have been studied using scanning proximal probe methods. Using a tapping mode, a Nano-CD was read 1000 times without any detectable degradation of the disk or the silicon probe tip. In accelerated wear tests with a contact mode, the damage threshold was found to be 19 μN. This indicates that in a tapping mode, both the Nano-CD and silicon probe tip should have a lifetime that is at least four orders of magnitude longer than that at the damage threshold.
Dr. Bhadra received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in Electrical Engineering and Materials Science, where his research focused on how the state of charge and state of health of a battery are correlated with the acoustic properties of the battery. He developed a novel method employing ultrasonics to monitor the changes in a batterys acoustic properties in situ and in operando. He also quantified the effects of state of charge on the bounce height of an alkaline AA battery when dropped on its end, showing the ability of simple testing to mirror the performance of high-level characterization. He also has extensive experience investigating electrodeposited Zn growth morphologies in the presence of electrolyte additives, the use of nanoimprint lithography to pattern Si anodes for lithium ion batteries, and large-scale alignment of block copolymer nano-features using top-down and bottom-up approaches ...
Sliding Mode Control of a 2D Torsional MEMS Micromirror with Sidewall Electrodes: 10.4018/ijimr.2013010102: This paper presents a sliding mode control scheme to improve the positioning performance of a 2-Degree-of-freedom (DOF) torsional MEMS micromirror with
Many methods have been attempted, in the recent past, for the removal of antibiotic drugs from different water sources. These include coagulation and sedimentation (Boyd et al., 2003), biodegradation (Kimura et al., 2005), photo-transformation (Ereira et al., 2007), chlorination (Boyd et al., 2005), ozonation (Ernes et al., 2003), nanofiltration through membranes (Koyuncu et al., 2008), and adsorption (Caliskan and Gokturk, 2010; Marin and Beltran, 2010; Ghauch et al., 2009; Putra et al., 2009; Reverra et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2012; Li et al., 2011 ). Out of these, adsorption processes have proved to be an effective technique because of major advantages, such as applicability over a large concentration range of sorbate, effective removal efficiency, low instrumentation cost, and the presence of many rate-controllable parameters (Carabineiro et al., 2011). The present work describes removal of CPR by adsorption onto poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) using adsorption technique. The drug is cationic ...
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A novel kind of transferrin imprinted polymer particles was synthesized by a hierarchical strategy. First, transferrin was immobilized on silica beads by non-covalent absorption. Then, a pre-polymerization mixture, composed of 1,4-bis(acryloyl)piperazine, methacrylamide, methacrylic acid, ammonium sulfate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, was irrigated into the pores of silica particles, and polymerized at 25 A degrees C. Finally, the silica matrix was etched with ammonium hydrogen fluoride, not only to remove the template protein, but also to expose protein recognition sites on the surface of the imprinted polymer. The binding capacity of the transferrin-imprinted particles is 6.3 mg of protein per gram of material, and the time required to reach adsorption equilibrium was less than 10 min. The imprinting factor of transferrin is ca. 3.3 in the presence of ribonuclease B, cytochrome c and beta-lactoglobulin. The results indicate that these imprinted polymer particles can recognize ...
NNT 2019, the 18th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technologies (nnt2019.org), the worlds leading symposium on nanoimprint and nanoprint, will take place October 14-16, 2019, at The Boston Seaport Hotel, Boston Massachusetts, USA.. NNT2019 is focused on Next Generation Technologies, Products and Manufacturing Processes and is structured with both the research and commercial communities in mind.... Read More. ...
A method of forming low dielectric contrast structures by imprinting a silsesquioxane based polymerizable composition. The imprinting composition including: one or more polyhedral silsesquioxane oligo
Effects of diffraction of a spectral beam from an edge of the micromirrors are reduced in order to optimize the passband in a wavelength selective switch. The effects of diffraction on the pass band may be reduced by appropriate modification of the edges of the micromirrors, by modification of the input and/or output ports to allow for attenuation by rotation of the micromirror about the switching axis, by using rotation of the micromirror about both the attenuation axis and the switching axis to achieve the desired level of attenuation, by inserting an aperture at a focal plane or external to the device to reduce the magnitude of the micromirror edge diffraction transmitted to any or all output ports, or by appropriate filtering of angular frequencies with a diffraction grating used to separate a multi-channel optical signal into constituent spectral beams.
It is my intention to provide in this book a concise treatment of chemical phenomena in lithography in a manner that is accessible to a general readership. While the emphasis is placed on how lithography is mediated through chemical phenomena, topics in optical and charged particle physics as they are practiced in lithography are also presented, with a broader view to illustrate how the marriage between chemistry and optics has made possible the print and electronic revolutions on which our digital age depends.. The link between chemistry and lithography is essentially fourfold. First, several important chemical and physical principles were involved in the invention of lithography and photolithography. This theme is explored in Part I, covering Chapters 1-4. Chapter 1 introduces the role of lithography in print and electronic revolutions. Chapter 2 deals with the invention of lithography and photolithography. Chapter 3 provides the background surrounding the discovery of the chemical and optical ...
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The usage of antibiotics has been increasing in these days. However, the doctor prescribes antibiotics by depending on the specific germ causing the infection but the overuse or misuse of antibiotics will lead to antibiotic resistance.. It also kills off the good bacteria (defense bacteria) in your gut (bowel) and thus results in side effects like nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach, etc.. Do you know that there are many natural foods that act as antibiotics? These natural antibiotics will work effectively in treating bacterial, viral and fungal infections, without killing good bacteria. But for some serious infections like tuberculosis, typhoid, and others, its best to use natural antibiotics along with prescribed one for faster relief from the problem. ...
The global analysis of changes in the protein composition of bacterial cells in response to treatment with antibiotic agents grants insights into the physiological response of cells to inhibition of vital cellular functions
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Professional bodies and Institutes CPD schemes are either structured as Input or Output based. Input based schemes list a precise number of CPD hours that individuals must achieve within a given time period. These schemes can also use different currencies such as points, merits, units or credits, where an individual must accumulate the number required. These currencies are usually based on time i.e. 1 CPD point = 1 hour of learning. Output based schemes are learner centred. They require individuals to set learning goals that align to professional competencies, or personal development objectives. These schemes also list different ways to achieve the learning goals e.g. training courses, seminars or e:learning, which enables an individual to complete their CPD through their preferred mode of learning. The majority of Input and Output based schemes actively encourage individuals to seek appropriate CPD activities independently. As a formal provider of CPD certified activities, SMI Group ...
The world is moving towards sustainable development driving scientists, engineers and industrialists worldwide to develop technological solutions and products that require low energy consumption during the manufacturing processes and to adopt the usage of environmental friendly materials. Evolution has enabled the creation of optimal biological structures/materials that secure sustainable survival of species on earth. The advancement of nanotechnology has enabled us to understand much better smart/intelligent biological structures/functions through micro/nanoscale and even atomic scale resolution imaging and characterization. The state of the art micro/nano manufacturing technologies (including nanolithography, nanoimprint, chemical deposition and synthesis and electro-chemistry processing etc) have allowed us to produce various nanostructures, mimicking nature, such as the butterfly wings (structural color), moths eye (anti-reflection), lotus leaf (self-cleaning), cell membranes, and others. A ...
Nature. A University of Michigan biophysical chemist and his colleagues have discovered the smallest and fastest-known molecular switches made of RNA, the chemical cousin of DNA. The researchers say these rare, fleeting structures are prime targets for the development of new antiviral and antibiotic drugs. Once believed to merely store and relay genetic information, RNA is now known to be a cellular Swiss Army knife of sorts, performing a wide variety of tasks and morphing into myriad shapes.. Over the past decade, researchers have determined that most of the DNA in our cells is used to make RNA molecules, that RNA plays a central role in regulating gene expression, and that these macromolecules act as switches that detect cellular signals and then change shape to send an appropriate response to other biomolecules in the cell.. While RNAs switching function has been well-documented, Hashim Al-Hashimi and his U-M colleagues report online Oct. 7 in the journal Nature a new class of switches that ...
Washington, Mar 9 (ANI): Researchers at the Stanford University suggest that synthetic peptoids, a class of manmade molecules similar to natural proteins can be a potential target for developing new class of antibiotic drugs to fight against drug-resistant
I see patients on a daily basis who have been affected by antibiotic drugs. For example, theyve been treated with tetracycline or trimethoprim for acne or a UTI and have never been well since. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, allergic reactions, digestive problems and yeast infections. Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic drug-target interactions, and their respective direct effects, are generally well characterized. By contrast, the bacterial responses to antibiotic drug treatments that contribute to cell death are not as well understood and have proven to be complex as they involve many genetic and bioch …
Antibiotic resistance has become an increasing public health concern, with MRSA infections and last lines of antibiotic drug treatments having to be increasingly deployed in hospitals and clinics.
With the news that a superbug resistant to an antibiotic of last resort was found in the US, theres a bit of concern that medicine could regress significantly in the face of uncontrollable bacteria. Weve had antibiotic drugs for about 70 years now, and weve grown accustomed to the effectiveness of these drugs. Hopefully, we can stay ahead of drug-resistant microbes with new pharmaceuticals or phage therapy. ...
In the battle against antibiotic resistant bacteria, McMaster University researchers have found resistance itself is a successful pathway for discovering new antibiotic drugs.
McArthur AG & Tsang KK.. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Jan;1388(1):78-91.. The loss of effective antimicrobials is reducing our ability to protect the global population from infectious disease. However, the field of antibiotic drug discovery and the public health monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is beginning to exploit the power of genome and metagenome sequencing. The creation of novel AMR bioinformatics tools and databases and their continued development will advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and threat severity of antibiotic resistance, while simultaneously improving our ability to accurately predict and screen for antibiotic resistance genes within environmental, agricultural, and clinical settings. To do so, efforts must be focused toward exploiting the advancements of genome sequencing and information technology. Currently, AMR bioinformatics software and databases reflect different scopes and functions, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. A review of the ...
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Targanta Therapeutics Corporation today released detailed data from completed studies comparing the in vitro activity of its lead antibiotic drug candidate, oritavancin, to that of
There is also no formal ban against the overuse of the reserve antibiotic drugs that can fight superbugs or multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Rapamycin (sirolemus) is an FDA approved antifungal antibiotic drug. It is used in transplant patients to manage rejection and is also an anti-cancer drug. Side effects in humans include diarrhea, hair and nail loss, skin ulcers and rashes. In experiments with mice using low doses, it appeared to slow the aging process and increase the […]. ...
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