Author Summary Ciliates are unicellular eukaryotes that rearrange their genomes at every sexual generation when a new somatic macronucleus, responsible for gene expression, develops from a copy of the germline micronucleus. In Paramecium, assembly of a functional somatic genome requires precise excision of interstitial DNA segments, the Internal Eliminated Sequences (IES), involving a domesticated piggyBac transposase, PiggyMac. To study IES origin and evolution, we sequenced germline DNA and identified 45,000 IESs. We found that at least some of these unique-copy elements are decayed Tc1/mariner transposons and that IES insertion is likely an ongoing process. After insertion, elements decay rapidly by accumulation of deletions and substitutions. The 93% of IESs shorter than 150 bp display a remarkable size distribution with a periodicity of 10 bp, the helical repeat of double-stranded DNA, consistent with the idea that evolution has only retained IESs that can form a double-stranded DNA loop during
Tetrahymena macronuclear genome mapping: colinearity of macronuclear coassortment groups and the micronuclear map on chromosome 1L ...
Milla mitt-i-musiken, by Ingrid Brännström Carina Borgström Källén Sanna Källman Madeleine Stenmark. S OR SA (2 voices unison OR children). Text by Gunilla Bergström, in Swedish. Published by Bo Ejeby Förlag.
The pond-dwelling ciliate Oxytricha trifallax is a model system for the study of gene regulatory mechanisms. It possesses a heterochromatin-rich germline micronucleus, and a transcriptionally active somatic macronucleus (MAC). The MAC genome is highly fragmented, consisting of ,16,000 unique nanochromosomes, with a mean size of 3.2kb. Consequently, only a limited number of nucleosomes can be accommodated in short nanochromosomes. Nanochromosome size does not vary in multiples of ~147bp corresponding to mono-nucleosome-sized DNA, suggesting that nucleosome depleted regions may be especially prevalent. This unusual genome architecture presents novel challenges for the regulation of gene expression. The efficacy and prevalence of chromatin-mediated gene regulation thus remain unclear in Oxytricha. In addition, the paucity of non-coding DNA suggests that promoters in Oxytricha are highly compact, and may be organized differently from other eukaryotes. Our study aims to uncover how the chromatin ...
DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can occur in various states of chromatin organization and is repaired mainly by nucleotide excision repair (NER). The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila contains a transcriptionally silent germline micronucleus (MIC), where chromatin is relatively tight, and a transcriptionally active somatic macronucleus (MAC), where chromatin is relatively loose. This unique characteristic provides an opportunity to assess the effects of DNA repair at different states of chromatin organization. Genomic rearrangement occurs as portions of the MIC DNA are excised at specific internal eliminated sequences (IES) and removed prior to development of the new MAC DNA, and telomeres are added at chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The aim of this research was to investigate NER in T. thermophila by creating an assay that utilizes this genomic rearrangement to detect sites of DNA damage. An assay utilizing quantitative PCR (qPCR) and primers specific for the CBS locus Tt819
Tlr elements are a novel family of ~30 putative mobile genetic elements that are confined to the germ line micronuclear genome in Tetrahymena thermophila. Thousands of diverse germ line-limited sequences, including the Tlr elements, are specifically eliminated from the differentiating somatic macronucleus. Macronucleusretained sequences flanking deleted regions are known to contain cis-acting signals that delineate elimination boundaries. It is unclear whether sequences within deleted DNA also play a regulatory role in the elimination process. In the current study, an in vivo DNA rearrangement assay was used to identify internal sequences required in cis for the elimination of Tlr elements. Multiple, nonoverlapping regions from the ~23-kb Tlr elements were independently sufficient to stimulate developmentally regulated DNA elimination when placed within the context of flanking sequences from the most thoroughly characterized family member, Tlr1. Replacement of element DNA with macronuclear or
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
ENDOMETRIOZA - niezależny portal informacyjny o endometriozie. Forum wsparcia dla chorych na endometriozę. Co to jest endometrioza ? Objawy, diagnoza, leczenie.
Utilization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Tetrahymena pyriformis affected in cell division or developmental pathway selection has permitted elucidation of causal dependencies interrelating micronuclear and macronuclear replication and division, oral development, and cytokinesis. In those mutants in which cell division is specifically blocked at restrictive temperatures, micronuclear division proceeds with somewhat accelerated periodicity but maintains normal coupling to predivision oral development. Macronuclear division is almost totally suppressed in an early acting mutant (mola) that prevents formation of the fission zone, and is variably affected in other mutants (such as mo3) that allow the fission zone to form but arrest constriction. However, macronuclear DNA synthesis can proceed for about four cycles in the nondividing mutant cells. A second class of mutants (psm) undergoes a switch of developmental pathway such that cells fail to enter division but instead repeatedly carry out an ...
The mechanism responsible for final cell separation at the end of cytokinesis is currently unknown. Knockout strains of the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila lacking the kinesin-II homologous molecular motors, Kin1p and Kin2p are paralyzed due to their complete loss of cilia and undergo frequent cyto …
Surprisingly, our ML analyses indicate that the distribution of mutational effects in T. thermophila is best approximated by the equal effects model (shape parameter, β → ∞). An alternative explanation is that the distribution of mutational effects is complex (e.g., a bimodal distribution including a high probability of slightly deleterious mutations and a second peak of moderately deleterious mutations) and not well approximated by any gamma distribution (Davies et al. 1999; Halligan and Keightley 2009). These hypotheses could be tested by repeating the multiple GE analysis for more MA lines, which would allow us to estimate the variance in mutational effects (Vs) directly.. In a survey of MA studies, Halligan and Keightley (2009) noted that the dominance of new mutations has been studied only in a handful of organisms and is not well understood even in those. Therefore, estimates in additional organisms are valuable. Our estimate of the average dominance coefficient of new mutations (h = ...
Due to its central role in both evolutionary change and human disease, mutation has been the focus of intensive research. The probability that a spontaneous mut...
Appendice B: Segmenti HL7 utilizzati INTRODUZIONE I segmenti utilizzati in questo progetto sono una piccola parte di quelli definiti nello standard HL7, essendo la questione della gestione dellordine
TY - JOUR. T1 - Environmental noise and population dynamics of the ciliated protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila in aquatic microcosms. AU - Laakso, Jouni. AU - Loytynoja, K. AU - Kaitala, Veijo. PY - 2003/9. Y1 - 2003/9. KW - VARIABILITY. KW - PREDATION. KW - DENSITY. KW - BIOMASS. KW - ECOLOGY. KW - IMPACT. KW - COLOR. KW - COST. KW - BLUE. KW - SIZE. M3 - Article. VL - 102. SP - 663. EP - 671. JO - Oikos. JF - Oikos. SN - 0030-1299. IS - 3. ER - ...
Ciliated protozoan (Tetrahymena vorax), coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Tetrahymena vorax is a fresh water, holotrichous, oligohymenophoran, ciliate. Shown here are 3 cells with nice ciliated pellicle surfaces. Tetrahymena are free-living ciliated protozoa that can switch from commensalistic to pathogenic modes of survival. They are common in freshwater ponds. Tetrahymena species are used as model organisms. Magnification: x260 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C032/0976
During macronuclear development in hypotrichous ciliated protozoans, several thousand macronuclear DNA molecules are amplified several-hundred fold. We investigated the regulation of this amplification by determining the copy numbers of three different macronuclear DNA molecules in the hypotrichous ciliate Euplotes crassus. Two of the macronuclear DNA molecules were present in approximately 1,000 copies per cell, while the third was present in approximately 6,500 copies per cell. These reiteration levels were achieved either during macronuclear development, or shortly thereafter, and were maintained during vegetative growth. The most abundant macronuclear DNA molecule is present as a single-copy sequence in the micronuclear genome. Thus, its high copy number results from differential amplification. These results indicate that DNA amplification during macronuclear development is regulated individually for each macronuclear DNA molecule.
Eisen JA, Coyne RS, Wu M, Wu D, Thiagarajan M, Wortman JR, Badger JH, Ren Q, Amedeo P, Jones KM, Tallon LJ, Delcher AL, Salzberg SL, Silva JC, Haas BJ, Majoros WH, Farzad M, Carlton JM, Smith RK Jr, Garg J, Pearlman RE, Karrer KM, Sun L, Manning G, Elde NC, Turkewitz AP, Asai DJ, Wilkes DE, Wang Y, Cai H, Collins K, Stewart BA, Lee SR, Wilamowska K, Weinberg Z, Ruzzo WL, Wloga D, Gaertig J, Frankel J, Tsao CC, Gorovsky MA, Keeling PJ, Waller RF, Patron NJ, Cherry JM, Stover NA, Krieger CJ, del Toro C, Ryder HF, Williamson SC, Barbeau RA, Hamilton EP, Orias E. Macronuclear genome sequence of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a model eukaryote. PLoS Biol. 2006 Sep;4(9):e286. PubMedhttp://bobcat.genomecenter.ucdavis.edu/mediawiki/images/0/08/Pdf-logo.jpg[Eisen-2006] ...
Euplotes crassus transfection using FuGene HD Transfection Reagent as vehicle (provisional) protocol (method) by Rachele Cesaroni
Tetrahymena thermophila ATCC ® 30383™ Designation: B-18686 Isolation: derived from WH-6 X WH-14, Urbana, IL, early 1950s
Eesti Teadusinfosüsteem koondab informatsiooni teadus- ja arendusasutuste, teadlaste, teadusprojektide ning erinevate teadustegevuste tulemuste kohta.
Whole genome sequencing analyses are providing compelling evidence that pro- and eukaryote microbes, like multicellular organisms, have their life threatened by parasitic attacks. Bacteria and Archea face invading viral nucleic acids with an inheritable DNA-encoded immunity (known as the CRISPR-Cas system) that recognizes foreign DNA from self DNA. In eukaryotic microbes that are exposed to invasions from both bacteria and viruses, bacteria are promptly made harmless either by digestion into food vacuoles, or by domestication as symbionts. But the defence from viral attacks is much less effective. Foreign viral sequences can randomly insert into the cell genome, and may disrupt or deactivate vital genes. To fight this threat, ciliates rely on a unique model of inheritable genomic immune mechanism based on the evolution of two genomes, a germ-line one lying in the cell micronucleus and a somatic one lying in the macronucleus. The germ-line genome characterized by an orthodox chromosomic ...
Microfluidic trapping technology has been widely applied for single-cell observation in order to reveal characteristic cell behaviors. However, this strategy has yet to be tested for monitoring highly motile cells, which are often biologically important. In this paper, we seek the conditions that enable effe
December 2019 Authors: Kelsi A. Lindblad, Jananan S. Pathmanathan, Sandrine Moreira, John R. Bracht, Robert P. Sebra, Elizabeth R. Hutton & Laura F. Landweber Info: Researchers sequenced the whole genome of Oxytricha trifallax, a model protozoan ciliate, using long read … more ». ...
weather Nowa Sól - Poland - WeatherOnline. Weather forecast up to 14 days including temperature, weather condition and precipitation and much more.
JUMBO PRIMBOX Laweta Niskopodłogowa Niskopodłogowa Jak Nowa !!! tilt semi-trailer sale advertisement from Poland. Tarpaulin semi-trailer. Tarp semi-trailer. Price: price on request. Year of manufacture: 2011. Load capacity: 26500 kg
Dziś są urodziny mojej Babci. Z tej okazji zrobiłam dla Niej kartkę z życzeniami. Babcia zasłużyła na swoje miejsce na tym blogu nie tylko dlatego że jest mi bliską osobą ale również dlatego że jest poprzednią właścicielką machiny szyjącej, którą używam na potęgę. Podarowała mi ją z okazji mojej obrony i jak się okazało, pomimo iż ma już 30 lat (machina), chodzi jak nowa - bo była raptem używana jakieś 10 godzin ...
Nowa kolekcja GUESS Jesień-Zima już jest. Odkryj must-haves nowego sezonu: Odzież, Denim, Torebki i Akcesoria dla Niej i dla Niego.
Nuclear dimorphism is a term referred to the special characteristic of having two different kinds of nuclei in a cell. This feature is observed in protozoan ciliates and some foraminifera. Ciliates contain two nucleus types: a macronucleus that is primarily used to control metabolism, and a micronucleus which performs reproductive functions and generates the macronucleus. Nuclear dimorphism is subject to complex epigenetic controls. The micronucleus is globally repressed during the vegetative state, and serves as the diploid germline nucleus, whereas all known vegetative gene expression happens in the macronucleus, which is a polyploid somatic nucleus. The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena is a useful research model for studying nuclear dimorphism; it maintains two distinct nuclear genomes, the micronucleus and the macronucleus. The micronucleus genome contains five chromosomes that undergo mitosis during micronuclear division and meiosis during conjugation, which is the sexual division of the ...
Thymidine kinase is an enzyme involved in DNA precursor metabolism and DNA replication. The synthesis of this enzyme is highly regulated during the cell cycle and the activity of the enzyme is also regulated by feedback inhibition. Genes encoding thymidine kinase have been extremely useful as selectable markers for introducing DNA into a number of cells. In order to study cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase, the gene which encodes this enzyme, as well as aspects of DNA replication in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila, we have purified thymidine kinase from Tetrahymena. Two forms of thymidine kinase with native molecular masses of 59 kDa and 80 kDa have been identified and purified 6800- and 4600-fold, respectively. The 59-kDa enzyme, a homodimer of 30-kDa subunits, has been purified to near homogeneity and polyclonal antibodies have been raised against the 30-kDa subunit. Serological studies indicate that the two enzymes are antigenically distinct. The antibody against the ...
Programmed genome rearrangements in the ciliate Paramecium provide a nice illustration of the impact of transposons on genome evolution and plasticity. During the sexual cycle, development of the somatic macronucleus involves elimination of ∼30% of the germline genome, including repeated DNA (e.g., transposons) and ∼45,000 single-copy internal eliminated sequences (IES). IES excision is a precise cut-and-close process, in which double-stranded DNA cleavage at IES ends depends on PiggyMac, a domesticated piggyBac transposase. Genome-wide analysis has revealed that at least a fraction of IESs originate from Tc/mariner transposons unrelated to piggyBac. Moreover, genomic sequences with no transposon origin, such as gene promoters, can be excised reproducibly as IESs, indicating that genome rearrangements contribute to the control of gene expression. How the system has evolved to allow elimination of DNA sequences with no recognizable conserved motif has been the subject of extensive research during the
Morphological changes in the macronucleus and micronuclei of the ciliated protozoon Heliophrya chapmani were investigated using the nucleic acid-specific stain propidium iodide. The fluorescence patterns of nuclei observed in propidium iodide prepara
Hamilton, EP., Kapusta, A., Huvos, PE., Bidwell, SL., Zafar, N., Tang, H., Hadjithomas, M., Krishnakumar, V., Badger, JH., Caler, EV., Russ, C., Zeng, Q., Fan, L., Levin, JZ., Shea, T., Young, SK., Hegarty, R., Daza, R., Gujja, S., Wortman, JR., Birren, BW., Nusbaum, C., Thomas, J., Carey, CM., Pritham, EJ., Feschotte, C., Noto, T., Mochizuki, K., Papazyan, R., Taverna, SD., Dear, PH., Cassidy-Hanley, DM., Xiong, J., Miao, W., Orias, E., Coyne, RS. (2016). Structure of the germline genome of Tetrahymena thermophila and relationship to the massively rearranged somatic genome. Elife. 5 (abstract ...
View the latest weather forecasts, maps, news and alerts on Yahoo Weather. Find local weather forecasts for Nowa Brzeznica, Poland throughout the world
The genetics of a marine protozoan may overturn one of the long-held tenets of protein synthesis. According to conventional wisdom, the genetic code is unambiguous: each DNA triplet, or codon, corresponds to a single amino acid. But a linkurl:study;http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/323/5911/25 in this weeks __Science__ reports that in the wee waterborn creature __Euplotes crassus__, a single codon can code for two different amino acids, even within the same gene. This two-pronged
Podczas WAIC 2021, spółka Shanghai Electric również nawiązała strategiczne partnerstwo ze spółkami uczestniczącymi w funduszu AI Investment Fund, który został uruchomiony w 2019 r. w ramach inicjatywy władz Szanghaju wspierającej zobowiązanie miasta do budowania „najwyższej klasy ekosystemu innowacji w zakresie sztucznej inteligencji. W ramach współpracy Shanghai Electric zapewniać będzie rozwiązania cyfrowe wspomagające unowocześnianie i transformację […]
siRNAs, found in TETRAHYMENA, that are homologous to internal eliminated sequences (IESs) deleted during programmed genome rearrangement.
Tetrahymena hyperangularis ATCC ® 30351™ Designation: UI-7148c (10/IV) Isolation: freshwater Colorado, United States Isolation date: 1971
台裔美國學者湯猛雄最新研究發現,電子煙霧會引起小鼠罹患肺癌,且有膀胱尿路上皮細胞增生,增癌變風險。台灣專家指出,此研究首度證實電子菸會致癌,拆穿電子菸「減害」謊言。
TY - JOUR. T1 - Kin5 knockdown in Tetrahymena thermophila using RNAi blocks cargo transport of Gef1. AU - Awan, Aashir. AU - Bell, Aaron J.. AU - Satir, Peter. PY - 2009/3/17. Y1 - 2009/3/17. N2 - A critical process that builds and maintains the eukaryotic cilium is intraflagellar transport (IFT). This process utilizes members of the kinesin-2 superfamily to transport cargo into the cilium (anterograde transport) and a dynein motor for the retrograde traffic. Using a novel RNAi knockdown method, we have analyzed the function of the homodimeric IFT kinesin-2, Kin5, in Tetrahymena ciliary transport. In RNAi transformants, Kin5 was severely downregulated and disappeared from the cilia, but cilia did not resorb, although tip structure was affected. After deciliation of the knockdown cell, cilia regrew and cells swam, which suggested that Kin5 is not responsible for the trafficking of axonemal precursors to build the cilium, but could be transporting molecules that act in ciliary signal transduction, ...
Estienne C. Swart; John R. Bracht; Vincent Magrini; Patrick Minx; Xiao Chen; Yi Zhou; Jaspreet S. Khurana; Aaron D. Goldman; Mariusz Nowacki; Klaas Schotanus; Seolkyoung Jung; Robert S. Fulton; Amy Ly; Sean McGrath; Kevin Haub; Jessica L. Wiggins; Donna Storton; John C. Matese; Lance Parsons; Wei-Jen Chang; Michael S. Bowen; Nicholas A. Stover; Thomas A. Jones; Sean R. Eddy; Glenn A. Herrick; Thomas G. Doak; Richard K. Wilson; Elaine R. Mardis; Laura F. Landweber (2013-01-29). The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes. PLOS Biology. 11 (1): e1001473. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473. PMC 3558436. PMID 23382650 ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Lectins and tetrahymena - A review. AU - Csaba, G.. PY - 2016/9/1. Y1 - 2016/9/1. N2 - The unicellular ciliate Tetrahymena is a complete organism, one of the most highly developed protozoans, which has specialized organelles performing each of the functions characteristic to the cells of higher ranked animals. It is also able to produce, store, and secrete hormones of higher ranked animals and also react to them. It produces lectins that can bind them and has functions, which are influenced by exogenous lectins. The review lists the observations on the relationship between lectins and Tetrahymena and try to construe them on the basis of the data, which are at our disposal. Considering the data, lectins can be used by Tetrahymena as materials for influencing conjugation, for stimulating hormone receptors, and by this, mimic the hormonal functions. Lectins can influence phagocytosis and movement of the cells as well as the cell division. As Tetrahymena can recognize both related ...
Tetrahymena thermophila is a freshwater unicellular ciliated protozoan related to Paramecium. >Tetrahymena thermophila is a freshwater unicellular ciliated protozoan related to Paramecium. ...
Replication of nuclear DNA occurs in the framework of chromatin and it is influenced by histone adjustments. contains inside the same cytoplasmic area two structurally and functionally differentiated nuclei: the macronucleus as well as the micronucleus (Karrer 2012). An alternative solution cell cycle exists in macronuclei: After DNA replication, rather than going right through mitosis seen as a chromatin spindle and condensation formation, polyploid macronuclei arbitrarily distribute their material inside a nuclear department process known as amitosis. This original biology facilitates cytological and biochemical analyses of DNA replication in macronuclei, particularly the extremely amplified rDNA minichromosome (Cech and Brehm 1981; MacAlpine et al. 1997; Zhang et al. 1997; Donti et al. 2009). We lately identified inside a gene encoding the only real homolog to and (Raynaud et al. 2006; Jacob et al. 2009, 2010), known as hypomorphic mutant implicated them in histone H3 Lys 27 monomethylation ...
ID J9IB24_9SPIT Unreviewed; 1230 AA. AC J9IB24; DT 31-OCT-2012, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 31-OCT-2012, sequence version 1. DT 22-NOV-2017, entry version 19. DE SubName: Full=Serine/Threonine protein kinase {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EJY71208.1}; GN ORFNames=OXYTRI_07921 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EJY71208.1}; OS Oxytricha trifallax. OC Eukaryota; Alveolata; Ciliophora; Intramacronucleata; Spirotrichea; OC Stichotrichia; Sporadotrichida; Oxytrichidae; Oxytrichinae; Oxytricha. OX NCBI_TaxID=1172189 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EJY71208.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000006077}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EJY71208.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000006077} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=SB310 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000006077}; RX PubMed=23382650; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473; RA Swart E.C., Bracht J.R., Magrini V., Minx P., Chen X., Zhou Y., RA Khurana J.S., Goldman A.D., Nowacki M., Schotanus K., Jung S., RA Fulton R.S., Ly A., McGrath S., Haub K., Wiggins J.L., Storton D., RA Matese J.C., ...
Cui B, Liu Y, Gorovsky MA. 2006. Deposition and function of histone H3 variants in tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Cell Biol 26(20):7719-30 ...
Cui B, Liu Y, Gorovsky MA. 2006. Deposition and function of histone H3 variants in tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Cell Biol 26(20):7719-30 ...
This year, three students from Mr. DeVoes 7th Grade Life Sciences class designed an experiment utilizing Tetrahymena thermophila to studied the effects of temperature on the feeding behavior of tetrahymena for the 2011 Groton Science Fair ...
The impact of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) concentration on the occurrence of acute cardiorespiratory disorders and its exacerbations in children in Krakow agglomeration on the basis of Admission to the Voivodship Children Specialist Hospital in ...
When in 1977 a group of Polish dissidents managed to establish a semiclandestine publishing network called Nowa, Tadeusz Konwicki was one of the first writers to send them a manuscript-his new novel The Polish Complex, now published in English translation. This book, soon followed by Konwickis The Little Apocalypse, became ...
We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.Find out more ...
The Zyxel IES4105 Series 2U 5-slot Temperature-Hardened MSAN supports active or passive fiber uplinks and up to 128 xDSL or 128 Fast Ethernet subscribers, or 256 VoIP subscribers with full IPv6 functionality that quickly enables service providers to deploy triple-play services and freely choose uplink types to adapt to the existing infrastructures.
We welcome our new ASI Sustaining Member: PeproTech Our ASI Sustaining Members recognise the importance of supporting ASI and Immunology researchers ...
If you feel you can appear and pass the CNA Exam quickly, you will be incorrect. You will need to qualify to sit in the examination and after you are qualified, you ...