Dormancy among nonsporulating actinobacteria is now a widely accepted phenomenon. In Micrococcus luteus, the resuscitation of dormant cells is caused by a small secreted protein (resuscitation-promoting factor, or Rpf) that is found in spent culture medium. Rpf is encoded by a single essential gene in M. luteus. Homologs of Rpf are widespread among the high G + C Gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria and streptomycetes, and most organisms make several functionally redundant proteins. M. luteus Rpf comprises a lysozyme-like domain that is necessary and sufficient for activity connected through a short linker region to a LysM motif, which is present in a number of cell-wall-associated enzymes. Muralytic activity is responsible for resuscitation. In this report, we characterized a number of environmental isolates of M. luteus, including several recovered from amber. There was substantial variation in the predicted rpf gene product. While the lysozyme-like and LysM domains showed little ...
Cultures of the copiotrophic bacterium Micrococcus luteus were stored in spent growth medium for an extended period of time following batch culture. After an initial decrease, the total cell counts remained constant at approximately 60 to 70% of the counts at the beginning of storage. The level of v …
TY - JOUR. T1 - Genome sequence of the fleming strain of micrococcus luteus, a simple free-living actinobacterium. AU - Young, Michael. AU - Artsatbanov, Vladislav. AU - Beller, Harry. AU - Chandra, Govind. AU - Chater, Keith. AU - Dover, Lynn. AU - Goh, Ee-Been. AU - Kahan, Tamar. AU - Kaprelyants, Arseny. AU - Kyrpides, Nikos. AU - Lapidus, Alla. AU - Lowry, Stephen. AU - Lykidis, Athanasios. AU - Mahillon, Jacques. AU - Markowitz, Victor. AU - Mavromatis, Konstantinos. AU - Mukamolova, Galina. AU - Oren, Aharon. AU - Rokem, Stefan. AU - Smith, Margaret. AU - Young, Danielle. AU - Greenblatt, Charles. PY - 2010/2. Y1 - 2010/2. N2 - Micrococcus luteus (NCTC2665, Fleming strain) has one of the smallest genomes of free-living actinobacteria sequenced to date, comprising a single circular chromosome of 2,501,097 bp (G+C content, 73%) predicted to encode 2,403 proteins. The genome shows extensive synteny with that of the closely related organism, Kocuria rhizophila, from which it was ...
The culturability of several actinobacteria is controlled by resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs). These are proteins containing a c. 70-residue domain that adopts a lysozyme-like fold. The invariant catalytic glutamate residue found in lysozyme and various bacterial lytic transglycosylases is also conserved in the Rpf proteins. Rpf from Micrococcus luteus, the founder member of this protein family, is indeed a muralytic enzyme, as revealed by its activity in zymograms containing M. luteus cell walls and its ability to (i) cause lysis of Escherichia coli when expressed and secreted into the periplasm; (ii) release fluorescent material from fluorescamine-labelled cell walls of M. luteus; and (iii) hydrolyse the artificial lysozyme substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-N,N,N-triacetylchitotrioside. Rpf activity was reduced but not completely abolished when the invariant glutamate residue was altered. Moreover, none of the other acidic residues in the Rpf domain was absolutely required for ...
Micrococcus luteus is a bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. It was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming before he discovered Penicillin in 1928.. M. luteus is considered a contaminant in sick patients and is resistant by slowing of major metabolic processes and induction of unique genes.. This artwork was commissioned in 2017 for BathASU.. ...
bacteria resuscitation-promoting factor: 16-kDa protein isolated from Micrococcus luteus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; GenBank Z96935 (M. luteus)
Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, Coccus, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae.
Micrococcus luteus ATCC ® 10240™ Designation: 130.21 TypeStrain=False Application: Assay of bacitracin Quality control strain Food testing Pharmaceutical and Personal Care
Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872. IEGM 1206. ,- 2010, T.N. Kamenskikh, IEGM, TP5-21. Isolated from: soil, N. Urengoy village, Mamontov peninsula, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen region, Russia. Taxonomy/description: 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Properties: uses n-hexadecane as a sole carbon source. (Medium 2 or 8, 28oC).. ...
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Two NF-kappaB signaling pathways, Toll and immune deficiency (imd), are required for survival to bacterial infections in Drosophila. In response to septic injury, these pathways mediate rapid transcriptional activation of distinct sets of effector molecules, including antimicrobial peptides, which are important components of a humoral defense response. However, it is less clear to what extent macrophage-like hemocytes contribute to host defense. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In order to dissect the relative importance of humoral and cellular defenses after septic injury with three different gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus), we used latex bead pre-injection to ablate macrophage function in flies wildtype or mutant for various Toll and imd pathway components. We found that in all three infection models a compromised phagocytic system impaired fly survival--independently of concomitant Toll or imd pathway activation. ...
Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003 ...
Gram-positive sphere. Found in milk and milk products. Incubate at 30°C. In nutrient broth. NOTE: Bacterial and fungal cultures will be sold and shipped to institutions only. …
As this chapter is about the resuscitation of uncultured or nonculturable microbes, and such microbes that are successfully resuscitated must by definition have been dormant or latent, it concentrates on the issue, particularly with reference to the actinobacteria that are the source of most of the bioactive secondary metabolites of industrial or applied interest. It shows the loss of culturability of Micrococcus luteus as a decrease in the plate count at more or less constant total count. It also shows what at first sight appears to be the resuscitation of most of these previously unculturable cells (which could not form a colony in a plate count assay) as an increase in culturable (plate) count. For different cultures, the presence of appropriate concentrations of supernatant increased the culturable count of starved cells in an most-probable-number (MPN) assay by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude: the supernatant contained a resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) produced by culturable cells. Pheromones are
Drosophila host defense to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infection is mediated by the Spaetzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette. It has been proposed that Toll does not function as a pattern recognition receptor per se but is activated through a cleaved form of the cytokine Spaetzle. The upstream events linking infection to the cleavage of Spaetzle have long remained elusive. Here we report the identification of a central component of the fungal activation of Toll. We show that ethylmethane sulfonate-induced mutations in the persephone gene, which encodes a previously unknown serine protease, block induction of the Toll pathway by fungi and resistance to this type of infection.
All metazoans are able to mount an innate immune response. Whereas invertebrate species rely solely on this type of defense, gnathostome vertebrates have developed, in addition, a sophisticated adaptive immune system centered on lymphocytes that are absent from invertebrates. Importantly, these adaptive responses require strong stimulatory signals from cells of the innate immune system, and during infections in vertebrates, both arms of defenses cross talk in their fight against invading microorganisms. This chapter reviews the currently available data from the simplest metazoan species, the Porifera and Cnidaria, in an attempt to trace the origin of essential elements of the innate immune system. The Drosophila host defense comprises both humoral and cellular reactions. The hallmark of the humoral response is the challenge-induced synthesis, mainly by the fat-body cells, of potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their secretion into the hemolymph (blood). The best characterized member in Drosophila
The Toll pathway regulates innate immunity in insects and vertebrates. The Drosophila Toll receptor is activated by a processed form of a ligand, Spätzle. Spätzle-processing enzyme (SPE) is the only enzyme identified to date that functions in converting Spätzle to an active form during the immune response. In the present study, Toll activation induced by immune challenge was almost suppressed in spätzle mutant larvae and adults, whereas it was present in SPE mutant larvae challenged with Micrococcus luteus and adults challenged with Bacillus subtilis. Our data suggest that an unidentified protease besides SPE processes Spätzle under conditions of microbial challenge ...
The researchers watched to see how the herbivorous insect, the cabbage semilooper Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera), detected and responded to a diet laced with nonpathogenic, non-infectious bacteria. In most studies to date, lab reared insects have been injected with bacterial strains, whereas in nature the insects main exposure would be from eating plants.. The larvae were reared on diets with or without an added helping of Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus bacteria. In the bacteria-fed larvae, general antibacterial activity was enhanced, although the activity of one key enzyme related to immune response - phenoloxidase - was inhibited. Among the eight proteins highly expressed in the hemolymph of the bacteria-fed larvae were the immune-response-related proteins arylphorin, apolipophorin III and gloverin. Significantly, the pupation time and pupal mass of bacteria-fed larvae was negatively affected by their unhealthy diet.. ...
O sistema imune natural responde ao processo infeccioso ou inflamatório produzindo uma série de proteínas inflamatórias, com atividade inespecífica, denominadas de proteínas de fase aguda, entre as quais se destaca a Proteína C-Reativa (CRP). O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a correlação entre as alterações dos parâmetros hematológicos em cães e a presença de CRP na circulação sanguínea. Amostras de sangue de 70 cães atendidos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário foram submetidas ao hemograma e à quantificação da CRP; em um segundo momento, amostras de sangue de cães inoculados experimentalmente com uma suspensão inativada de Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 7468) foram submetidas a mesma avaliação. De acordo com os parâmetros hematológicos e a presença ou não de CRP, pode-se classificar os animais em cinco grupos distintos: grupo A) cães negativos para a CRP e hemograma normal; grupo B) cães positivos para a CRP e hemograma normal; grupo C) cães ...
Young, M, Artsatbanov, V, Beller, HR, Chandra, G, Chater, KF, Dover, LG, Goh, E-B, Kahan, T, Kaprelyants, AS, Kyrpides, N, Lapidus, A, Lowry, SR, Lykidis, A, Mahillon, J, Markowitz, V, Mavromatis, K, Mukamolova, GV, Oren, A, Rokem, JS, Smith, MCM, Young, DI & Greenblatt, CL 2010, Genome sequence of the Fleming strain of Micrococcus luteus, a simple free-living actinobacterium Journal of Bacteriology, vol 192, no. 3, pp. 841-860. DOI: 10.1128/JB.01254-09 ...
THEMATIC ISSUE ON Viable But Non-Culturable Microbes. Editors: Wolfgang Kneifel, Clemens Kittinger. The scope of this issue will focus on the so called viable but non- ...
For vascular plants occurring in wildlands or otherwise outside of cultivation in California, the Jepson eFlora contains taxonomic treatments, distribution maps, illustrations, photographs, and identification keys.
The species page of Suillus luteus UH-Slu-Lm8-n1. Also know as slippery Jack, sticky bun (German: Butterpilz, Butter-Röhrling). Information about genome files, completeness, GC-content, size, N50-values, and sequencing methods are listed.
Micrococcus luteus produced 29 {mu}M riboflavin during growth on 6.5 mM pyridine but not during growth on other substrates. On the basic of the results of radiolabelling studies, riboflavin was not directly synthesized from pyridine. Pyridine may interfere with riboflavin biosynthesis or elicit a general stress response in M. luteus. The optimum concentration of pyridine for both growth of the organism and pyridine degradation was 13 mM. Above 25 mM, pyridine temporarily inhibited growth, pyridine degradation, oxygen uptake, and pigment production. ...
Beller, Harry R., Ee-Been Goh, and Jay D. Keasling. Genes Involved in Long-Chain Alkene Biosynthesis in Micrococcus luteus . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76.4 (2010): 1212-1223. Web. 28 Jan. 2020. ...
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nice to see ya, I thought at first this to be C. luteus but I have found it in the past and I do not remember the awful smell. It would seem that that would be a characteristic mark of this species that would be mentioned in field guides. I have made another observation on here but im not sure that is C. luteus because of the swollen base, http://mushroomobserver.org/31923 The spore print to me appears orange like a Gymnopilus but I know color can be an interpretation thing. Michale Kou on mushroomexpert.com mentions the smell of Hebalomas and that some species have lemon shaped spores. The spores in the micro shot appear lemon shaped to me but once again that can be interpretation. C. luteus do have subglobose spores. Have you collected this with any frequency ? Can you recall the smell. I just took another wiff and smells like earthworms in a plastic container that have been left out in the sun for the day. really bad. ...
abstract = {Insect defensins are cationic, cysteine-rich peptides (approximately 4 kDa) that appear after bacterial challenge or injury in the hemolymph of insects belonging to a large variety of orders. These peptides possess anti-Gram-positive activity and participate in the potent antibacterial defense reactions of insects. Using recombinant insect defensin and the strain Micrococcus luteus as a test organism, we have investigated the mode of action of this peptide. We show that defensin disrupts the permeability barrier of the cytoplasmic membrane of M. luteus, resulting in a loss of cytoplasmic potassium, a partial depolarization of the inner membrane, a decrease in cytoplasmic ATP, and an inhibition of respiration. Potassium loss is inhibited below the order-disorder transition of the lipid hydrocarbon chains. It is also inhibited by divalent cations and by a decrease in the membrane potential below a threshold of 110 mV. We propose that these permeability changes reflect the formation of ...
Nitrogen isotopic hetero- and homogeneity of D-{\alpha}-alanine and L-{\alpha}-alanine were investigated in microbial processes in the domain Bacteria and in chemical processes in symmetric organic synthesis. D-alanine is an enantiomer that is physiologically essential for microbial growth and metabolic maintenance. The nitrogen isotopic difference {\Delta}15ND-L (defined as {\delta}15ND-Ala - {\delta}15NL-Ala) in peptidoglycan amino acids in bacteria such as the representative gram-positive phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus staphylolyticus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, and Streptomyces sp.) tended to be 15N-depleted in D-alanine ({\Delta}15ND-L , -2.0 permil). These results suggest that the composition of isotopically heterogeneous components in these bacteria is primarily controlled by enzymatic pathways prior to formation of the bacterial cell wall. In contrast, the {\Delta}15ND-L of racemic ...
Of the bacteria offered, Kocuria rhizophilia (formerly Micrococcus luteus) yellow pigmentation is due to carotenoids the function of which here is not real obvious. Carotenoids do confer some degee of photoresistance and can function in photosynthesis. Pseudomonas chlororaphis greenish pigmentation is due to pyoverdin, a compound that helps the bug acquire iron. Im not so familiar with B. cereus pigmentation. Ive seen some vague brown, yellowish stuff and it does produce characteristic pigmentation on special media ...
The cellular mechanisms of the force-frequency relations are then discussed. Bcl-2 expression prevents both apoptosis and the induction of these kinases. Purification and characterization of an endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus that acts on depurinated and carcinogen-modified DNA. However, a few months viagra without prescription after initial presentation, he developed signs and symptoms suggestive of hydrocephalus. In contrast, Tax protein targets a central region of IKK-gamma, which consists of amino acids 201-250.. The most important one is the myelin growth which can be observed when some poorly water soluble surfactants such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), Aerosol-OT (AOT), etc. These trends have been partially attributed to improvement in therapeutic strategies. The assessment of serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with a range of nonprimary cardiac illnesses has revealed that cardiac myocyte damage is commonplace in many generic cialis tadalafil canine diseases. Recreational ...
Wendel S, Menon S, Alshetaiwi H, Shrestha T, Chlebanowski L, Hsu W, Bossmann S, Narayanan S, Troyer D: Cell based drug delivery: Micrococcus luteus loaded neutrophils as chlorhexidine delivery vehicles in a mouse model of lever abscesses in cattle. PLoS ONE, 10(5): e0128144, 2015.. Wang H, Shrestha T, Basel M, Pyle M, Toledo Y, Konecny A, Thapa P, Ikenberry M, Hohn K, Chikan V, Troyer D, Bossmann S: Hexagnonal Magnetite Nanoprisms: Preparation, characterization, and cellular uptake. Journal of Material Chemistry B, 3: 4647, 2015. Ohta N, Ishiguro S, Kawabata A, Uppalapati D, Pyle M, Troyer D, De S, Zhang Y, Becker K, Tamura M: Human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells suppress the growth of breast cancer by expression of tumor suppressor genes. PLoS ONE 10(5):e0123756, 2015. Wang H, Udukala D, Samarakoon T, Basel M, Abayaweera G, Manawadu H, Malalasekera A, Robinson C, Villanueva D, Maynez P, Bossmann L, Riedy E, Barriga J, Wang N, Higgins D, Zhu G, Troyer D, Bossmann S: Synthesis and ...
Hydroquinone meroterpenoids, especially those derived from marine sponges, display a wide range of biological activities. However, use of these compounds is limited by their inaccessibility; there is no sustainable supply of these compounds. Furthermore, our knowledge of their metabolic origin remains completely unstudied. In this review, an in depth structural analysis of sponge merotriterpenoids, including the adociasulfate family of kinesin motor protein inhibitors, provides insight into their biosynthesis. Several key structural features provide clues to the relationships between compounds. All adociasulfates appear to be derived from only four different hydroquinone hexaprenyl diphosphate precursors, each varying in the number and position of epoxidations. Proton-initiated cyclization of these precursors can lead to all carbon skeletons observed amongst sponge merotriterpenoids. Consideration of the enzymes involved in the proposed biosynthetic route suggests a bacterial source, and a hypothetical
Micrococcus bacterium. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through a Micrococcus sp. bacterium. The bacteriums cell wall is yellow and the cell contents are blue- green. This Gram-positive aerobic bacterium is found in raw milk and on mammalian skin. It is not generally pathogenic in humans. It is capable of dividing in more than one plane, and often forms clusters of bacteria. Magnification: x73,000 at 6x7cm size. Magnification: x250,000 at 7.5x9.5 size. - Stock Image B220/1119
1. The structure of a resuscitation-promoting factor domain from Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows homology to lysozymes published in the 1st March addition of Nature Structural & Molecular Biology is available online at http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nsmb/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/nsmb905.html&dynoptions=doi1109067205 2. The top challenge for TB control in the European region, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), is multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), HIV-related TB and TB control in prisons More Information on the challenges of TB control can be found at the WHO website: http://www.euro.who.int/tuberculosis/issues/20030312_ ...
Among several factors, damage from sunlight, acne, and pigmentation causes the skin to appear unhealthy and dull. Over cleansing of the skin results in the disruption of the normal protective microbial flora of the skin making it vulnerable to acne, breakouts, and loss in complexion.. ...
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摘要(Abstract): [目的]探究制药废水中活的但非可培养(viable but non-culturable,VBNC)状态细菌的组成与系统关系。[方法]利用土质滤材构建生物反应器,基于复苏促进因子(resuscitation promoting factor,Rpf)对VBNC细菌的复苏刺激生长作用,采用MPN(most probable number)法,稀释平板法分离其中复苏可培养化的VBNC菌株并解析其16S ...
My gram stains did very little to help. I know I had tiny gram+ cocci that appeared to be in tetrads of strepto clusters and this pretty much helps seal the deal for me that I do have M. luteus on my nutrient agar. I saw some pink for gram+ but the shape was off( very irregular) and dont know if it was just some trash on the slide. I also saw something that could be bacili in shape or maybe it was something I messed up while preparing the smear and stainging. Appreciate any help in sending my thoughts in research in a good direction ...
This graph shows the total number of publications written about Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections by people in this website by year, and whether Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections was a major or minor topic of these publications ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Micrococci and peptidoglycan activate TLR2 →Myd88 →IRAK→TRAF→NIK→IKK→NF-κB signal transduction pathway that induces transcription of interleukin-8. AU - Wang, Q.. AU - Dziarski, R.. AU - Kirschning, C. J.. AU - Muzio, M.. AU - Gupta, D.. PY - 2001/4/5. Y1 - 2001/4/5. N2 - This study was done to elucidate the signal transduction pathway of interleukin-8 (IL-8) induction by gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria (micrococci) and peptidoglycan (PGN) induced transcription of IL-8 in HEK293 cells expressing Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and CD14 but not in those expressing TLR1 or TLR4. A mutation within the NF-κB site in the IL-8 promoter abrogated transcriptional induction of IL-8 by the two stimulants. Dominant negative myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK), and IκB kinase (IKK) mutant forms completely inhibited micrococcus- and PGN-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of the gene for IL-8. ...
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder of pilosebaceous units. The therapy for mild-to-moderate acne includes topical antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide and retinoids. In this open-label, randomized monocentric study, we compared the efficacy of LactoSporin® 2% w/w cream with benzoyl peroxide in 64 male and female subjects with mild-to-moderate acne for three weeks. The efficacy parameters were evaluated based on the dermatologist visual assessment and instrumental measurements using Sebumeter® MPA580, Antera 3DTM and VISIA CR 2.2 and subject self-assessment questionnaires. Adverse events were recorded throughout the study period. In order to understand the mechanism of action and properties of LactoSporin, the pH stability, thermostability, antimicrobial activity and 5-alpha reductase activity were evaluated in vitro. A significant improvement was observed in the dermatological assessment of closed comedones (p < 0.0001), open comedones (p = 0.0069) and papules count (p < 0.0001) in
A new series of B is-[thiadiazol-2-yl-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazole]methanes 7a-h has been synthesized by the reaction of arylidine derivative 6 with aryl/alkyl hydrazines. Chemical structures of all the new compounds were established by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, MS and elemental data. The compounds 7a-h were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538p) and Micrococcus luteus (IFC 12708), and Gram-negative bacteria viz. Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 3851), Salmonella typhimu um (ATCC 14028) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Amongst them, compounds containing N-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole moiety 7c, N-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrazole moiety 7e and N-methylpyrazole moiety 7h showed significant antibacterial activity, almost equal to the activity of the standard drug Ampicillin. Further, these compounds 7a-h were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (HIC
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Photocomposite of bacteria on human skin. Types of bacteria seen in this photocomposite are: Rod-shaped bacteria, Escherichia coli; Propionibacterium acnes; Corynebacterium diptheriae. Coccoid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Enterococcus faecium; Micrococcus luteus. The human skin has been considered to harbour a complex microbial ecosystem. Recently it has been shown that over 120 different types of bacteria can occur in the microbiota of the human skin. Magnification: bacteria x370; skin x6 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C032/2470
A new unsymmetric Schiff base [(2OH) R-CH=N-(C6H4)-CH=N-R(2OH) R=phenyl, R = naphthyl] with its Fe(III) and Ni(II) complexes were synthesized by a two step method. Diimine Schiff base and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectra, IR, H-1/C-13-NMR spectra, TGA analysis, electronic and magnetic measurements. The phenol-imine and keto-amine tautomerism of the unsymmetric Schiff base was investigated with NMR techniques and UV-visible spectra in different solvents. Also, the protonation constants of the ligand and the stability constants of its Ni(II) and Fe(III) complexes were determined potentiometrically in 1:1(v/v) ethanol-water mixture at an ionic strength of 0.5 mol.L-1 KCl and at 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The antifungal, antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the compounds were evaluated against Escherichia coli (0157:H7), Micrococcus luteus (NRRLB 4975), Bacillus cereus (RSKK 863) and Candida albicans (ATCC 16231). ...
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Micrococcus yunnanensis ATCC ® 7468™ Designation: TypeStrain=False Application: Assay of bacitracin Assay of restriction endonuclease Mlu I Food testing
Agrococcus terreus sp. nov. and Micrococcus terreus sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.: Two bacterial strains, DNG5T and V3M1T, isolated from forest soil of t
Dorsal spines (total): 3 - 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9-10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 6. Body deep., maximum body depth 30.2-38.1% in SL. Dorsal profile only slightly more arched than the ventral one. Blunt snout, its length slightly greater than the eye diameter. Only the posterior barbels are present. The last unbranched ray of the dorsal fin is spinified on its inferior fourth or fifth of its length and very finely serrated on its posterior margin (Ref. 57642). ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
ther, we calculated difference spectra [for example, the meta- Due to the chirality-specific effects on the pseudomonads bolic fingerprint of the racemate was subtracted from that of observed when they were exposed to propranolol, two addi- the (R) enantiomer] for each combination of interest. The tional bacteria were used to investigate the effects of propran- resulting data were then used to determine the relative olol. Propranolol had a very noticeable metabolic effect on B. changes in the lipid and amide components of the cells when natatoria 2.1 at concentrations of 40 and 50 ␮g ml⫺1 (Fig. 5a they were exposed to drugs. Inspection of the difference spec- and b) and on M. luteus 2.13 at a concentration of 50 ␮g ml⫺1 tra revealed that the bacterial cells exposed to the racemate (Fig. 5c and d). The greatest difference observed in these contained lower levels of amides and higher levels of lipids analyses was the difference between the control and API-ex- than the cells exposed to ...
04/29/2013 G-Unknown code Gram Positive-Micrococcus luteus Gram Negative- Klebsiella pneumoniae Unknown Paper The unknown project was a very good
Географски институт „Јован Цвијић САНУ (основан 1947. године) је научна установа, јединица Српске академије наука и уметности у Београду, чија је основна делатност организација и систематски рад на унапређивању научних истраживања у области географије и система сродних научних дисциплина. Институт реализује остварује основна, примењена и развојна научна истраживања из области: физичке географије; географије становништва и насеља; друштвене географије; регионалне географије и картографије и просторног планирања. Мисија Института је да ...