We have previously shown that Xenopus oocytes require coinjection of both poliovirus RNA and HeLa cell extracts to support a complete cycle of viral replication yielding high levels of infectious viral particles. This novel system provides a tool for identifying host factors and for biochemically dissect individual steps that lead to virus production. Here we demonstrate that Xenopus oocytes are able to support replication of other picornaviruses such as human rhinovirus 14 and mengovirus. Unlike poliovirus, microinjection of mengovirus RNA yields high viral titers (about 107PFU/oocyte) without the need for coinjection of additional cell extracts. In contrast, formation of infectious rhinovirus particles requires coinjection of human cell extracts. We found that one of these human factors is required for efficient rhinovirus translation. Our findings uncover differences in the host factor requirements among members of the picornavirus family and provide the means to identify the human protein(s) ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Conformational variability of a picornavirus capsid. T2 - pH-dependent structural changes of mengo virus related to its host receptor attachment site and disassembly. AU - Kim, Sangsoo. AU - Boege, Ulrike. AU - Krishnaswamy, S.. AU - Minor, Iwona. AU - Smith, Thomas. AU - Luo, Ming. AU - Scraba, Douglas G.. AU - Rossmann, Michael G.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - The structure of Mango virus had been determined from crystals grown in the presence of 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. It is shown that Mengo virus is poorly infectious at the phosphate concentration similar to that in which it was crystallized. Maximal infectivity is achieved at 10 mM phosphate or less in physiological saline. The phosphate effect is ameliorated when the pH is lowered to 4.6. Although it has not been possible to study the crystal structure of the virus at low phosphate concentrations, it is shown that increasing the CI- concentration at pH 6.2 or decreasing the pH to 4.6 causes substantial ...

A correlation of cytochemical changes with virus production has been studied in L cells infected with Mengovirus. After a latent period of about 2 hours, virus was produced rapidly, reaching maximum titers of up to 12,000 particles per cell in 6 to 8 hours. The earliest cytological change was in the nucleus and consisted of a slight condensation of chromatin. There is no evidence, however, for the multiplication of either the viral RNA or protein in the nucleus. RNA, of high molecular weight, accumulated in the perinuclear area of the cytoplasm and was later found in inclusions. The perinuclear RNA was digestible with RNase and may be located in or on ribosomes. The inclusion RNA was resistant to RNase but could be removed by pepsin or potassium permanganate; it is probably in completed virus particles. Viral antigen was first observed in a perinuclear location and later in the above-mentioned inclusions. Although the viral protein contains appreciable amounts of arginine and lysine, it is not a ...

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Virion. Morphology. The crystal structures of mengovirus (Cardiovirus A) and TMEV and Saffold virus 3 (Cardiovirus B) have been resolved [{Grant et al., 1992:1549565RJOHTXGrant et al., 1992, Three-dimensional structure of Theiler virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89, 6, 2061-5RJOMREFKrishnaswamy and Rossmann 1990:2156078RJOHTXKrishnaswamy and Rossmann 1990, Structural refinement and analysis of Mengo virus, J Mol Biol, 211, 4, 803-44}]. Empty capsids are seen only rarely, if ever. When compared by mean wall thickness, surface unevenness, and chain length of the major proteins, the cardiovirus capsid is intermediate between the enteroviruses and aphthoviruses. In place of a continuous, circular canyon seen in enteroviruses, is a five-fold repeated pit. There is no pocket factor.. Physicochemical and physical properties. Virion buoyant density in CsCl is 1.33-1.34 g cm-3. Virions are moderately stable to acidic pH.. Nucleic acid. Length of genome [{Bae et al., ...

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Ca2+ uptake into Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was studied at 0°C in the presence of mitochondrial inhibitors, conditions that minimized complications caused by sequestration of Ca2+ into organelles or by excretion. Under these conditions Ruthenium Red inhibited Ca2+ uptake, but other previously implicated ions, such as Pi or Mg2+, had no effect. Valinomycin either inhibited or slightly stimulated Ca2+ uptake depending on the presence of excess K+ on the outside or inside of the cell, respectively. Nigericin inhibited Ca2+ transport. Based on these data we propose an electrogenic uptake of Ca2+, possibly via a Ca2+/H+ antiport mechanism. The observation that glucose inhibited Ca2+ uptake suggested that in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells an energy-driven Ca2+ expulsion mechanism is operative, similar to that in erythrocytes. Plasma membrane preparations of ascites tumor cells were found to contain a Ca2+-dependent ATPase. These preparations, when incorporated into liposomes in an inside-out orientation,

Wang, M and Halliday, W J., Immune responses of mice to iodoacetate-treated ehrlich ascites tumour cells. (1967). Subject Strain Bibliography 1967. 671 ...

Farrell, P J.; Broeze, R J.; and Lengyel, P, Accumulation of an mrna and protein in interferon-treated ehrlich ascites tumour cells. (1979). Subject Strain Bibliography 1979. 137 ...

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Free Online Library: New Saffold cardioviruses in 3 children, Canada.(DISPATCHES, Clinical report) by Emerging Infectious Diseases; Health, general Children Care and treatment Diagnosis Risk factors Pediatric diseases Picornavirus infections Picornaviruses Genetic aspects

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Definition of Encephalomyocarditis virus with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information.

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Looking for online definition of Cardiovirus in the Medical Dictionary? Cardiovirus explanation free. What is Cardiovirus? Meaning of Cardiovirus medical term. What does Cardiovirus mean?

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We have developed a simple and rapid method for isolation of purified nuclear lamina from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The procedure employs chromatin structures prepared from whole cells at low ionic strength and is carried out under conditions that minimize the formation of artifactual... mehr ...

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Cardiovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Picornaviridae. Human and vertebrates serve as natural hosts. There are currently three species in this genus including the type species Cardiovirus A. Diseases associated with this genus include: myocarditis. Cardiovirus A has only one serotype, while Cardiovirus B consists of four viruses which are probably serologically distinct; these are Theilers Murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (VHEV), a Theiler-like rat virus (TRV) (which has yet to be named) and Saffold virus (SAF-V). Group: ssRNA(+) Order: Picornavirales Family: Picornaviridae Genus: Cardiovirus Cardiovirus A Cardiovirus B Cardiovirus C Viruses in Cardiovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral, Spherical, and Round geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 7.8kb in length. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by ...

Supplementary Material for: Cross-Talk between Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Influences Expression of RNA Sensors and Inhibits Picornavirus Infection

Definition of Encephalomyocarditis with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information.

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The Cardiovirus genus is divided into two species: the Encephalomyocarditis species, which includes encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and mengovirus, and the Theilovirus species, which includes Theilers murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (VHEV), and Saffold virus (SAFV). This chapter discusses members of the Cardiovirus genus and distinctive characteristics of these viruses. It focuses on the pathogenesis of TMEV-induced disease because of the extensive investigations of this topic as well as the remarkable ability of this virus to establish lifelong infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and to produce an immune-mediated demyelinating disease. There are many features of cardioviruses, and especially TMEV, that make them attractive for pathogenesis studies, including the following: the unusual and rather unique characteristics of TMEV strains and TMEV-induced diseases (neurovirulent versus persistent strains, acute versus chronic disease, virus-induced

Foot-and-mouth disease virus has been crystallized with the objectives of (1) determining the composition and conformation of the major immunogenic site(s) and (2) comparing its structure with those of the related polio, rhino and Mengo viruses, representing the other three genera of the picornaviruses. Most of the work has been done with virus strain O1BFS 1860, which crystallized as small rhombic dodecahedra of maximum dimension 0.3 mm. Virus recovered from crystals was infectious, and was indistinguishable from native virus both in protein composition and buoyant density. The stability of the crystals in the X-ray beam was comparable with that of other picornavirus crystals and they diffracted to a resolution of better than 2.3 A. Initial analysis of the X-ray diffraction data shows the virus to be positioned on a point of 23 symmetry in a close-packed array so that examples of all the icosahedral symmetry elements, except the 5-fold axes, are expressed crystallographically. The cell dimensions are a

A novel synergistic effect of alanosine and guanine on adenine nucleotide synthesis in mammalian cells. Alanosine as a useful probe for investigating purine nucleotide metabolism Academic Article ...

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THIS NEEDS TO EXIST. Okay, so I drank a mango smoothie the other day, and broke out in a crazy rash, and my whole body still itches three days later. Apparently, mango sap and skin contains urushiol, the same toxin thats contained in poison ivy. As someone who eats fresh and processed mangoes frequently this was a huge shock, as the processing plant for Naked must be run by idiots and assholes who dont care if all the skin gets in there. My question here is- would this be considered an

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