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PMID: 11203649 Purpose: Fatigue behavior of luting cement film between model fixed partial dentures (FPD) and their dies was investigated to gain a better understanding of the mechanical properties of zinc-phosphate cement. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six brass dies were made, half of them with grooves and half without grooves. A cantilever FPD for each die was cast in Au-Pd-Ag alloy. Four linear strain gauges were attached to the marginal portions of each retainer. The FPDs were cemented to the dies using zinc-phosphate cement. A fatigue test machine was used to cyclically load the specimens with 50 or 100 N for 5.5 3 105 cycles (1 Hz) in 37 C water. During the fatigue test, strain measurements were made after every 0.5 3 105 load cycles to discover if strain response was altered. After completion of the fatigue test, ultimate tensile strength of each specimen was measured and statistically analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance. Results: With or without grooves, strain responses were the same ...
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Key Study: Safepharm, 2003- Examination of the test material structure,1,3-dihydro-4(or 5)-methyl-2H-benzimidazole-2-thione, zinc salt (ZMB2), indicated that it was a zinc salt with the anion being a weak acid. It was therefore considered that the weak acid may associate with other cations of limited solubility leading to precipitation. As a result of this the maximum solubility of the test material in dechlorinated tap water was reduced by the presence of cations. In view of the difficulties associated with the evaluation of aquatic toxicity of poorly water soluble test materials, Safepharm, 2003, performed a modified version of the standard method for the preparation of aqueous media. An approach endorsed by several important regulatory authorities in the European Union and elsewhere (ECETOC 1996 and OECD 2000), is to expose organisms to a saturated solution of the test material in cases where the test material is of high purity and is poorly soluble in water and in the permitted auxiliary ...
Polyimide (PI) is a commonly used polymer in microelectronics. Recently, numerous PI-based flexible neural interfaces have been developed for reducing mechanical mismatch between rigid implant and soft neural tissue. Most approaches employ non-photosensitive PI, which has been proven earlier to be biocompatible. However, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) would simplify device fabrication remarkably, but its biocompatibility has been only sparsely reported. In this study, cytotoxicity of spin-coated PSPI (HD Microsystems PI-2771) and conventional PI (HD Microsystems PI-2525) films were evaluated in vitro using BHK-21 fibroblasts according to the ISO-10993-5 standard. PSPIs were tested as cured at a temperature of 200 degrees C (PI-2771-200) and 350 degrees C (PI-2771-350). The PI film surfaces were characterized in terms of their roughness, energy and zeta potential which are hypothesized to affect cell-material interactions. The values of the total surface free energy (SFE), and its polar and ...
A sound knowledge of mechanical properties of rocks at high temperatures and pressures is essential for modelling volcanological problems such as fracture of lava flows and dike emplacement. In particular, fracture toughness is a scale-invariant material property of a rock that describes its resistance to tensile failure. A new fracture mechanics apparatus has been constructed enabling fracture toughness measurements on large (60 mm diameter) rock core samples at temperatures up to 750-C and pressures up to 50 MPa. We present a full description of this apparatus and, by plotting fracture resistance as a function of crack length, show that the size of the samples is sufficient for reliable fracture toughness measurements. A series of tests on Icelandic, Vesuvian and Etnean basalts at temperatures from 30 to 600-C and confining pressures up to 30 MPa gave fracture toughness values between 1.4 and 3.8 MPa m1=2. The Icelandic basalt is the strongest material and the Etnean material sampled from the ...
This is an intensive course covering the basic concepts of fracture mechanics and fatigue, with emphasis on practical applications for metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. The course is suitable for those with no previous formal introduction to the science of fracture and no prior knowledge or experience is assumed.. All topics will be introduced from first principles and the emphasis will be on developing an understanding of concepts of fracture mechanics rather than presenting a state-of-the-art review. Lectures will be given by experts in the field with experience of teaching this material to practising engineers and materials scientists on post-experience courses. Supervised examples classes will enable delegates to work on the solution of typical problems and discuss these with the lecturers.. ...
The purpose of the research was to study both the stress intensity and the energy criteria of elastic fractures in order to incorporate the couple-stress effect which is induced by high stress gradient. The high stress gradient will be present whenever there is discontinuity in material geometry or constitution. Initial effort was conducted on a systematic reviewing and evaluation of the couple-stress theory of elasticity and the elastic theory of fracture mechanics.(*FRACTURE(MECHANICS)
The short term toxicity of the test material to fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in a study conducted in accordance with the standardised guideline OECD 203 under GLP conditions. Rainbow trout were exposed to a limit value of the test material at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L for 96 hours under static conditions. A control group was exposed to the dilution water under the same conditions. This was a limit of solubility test as the material was not soluble in water. The nominal solution was prepared and stirred overnight and allowed to stand for approximately 4 hours. The solution used in the test was transferred using a syphon to avoid the transference of any settled test material. Following 96 hours of exposure, no mortality or adverse effects were observed among fish exposed to the control or test material. The measured concentrations were very low and therefore the test was reported using the geometric mean measured test concentration. Under the conditions of the study, the ...
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The flammability of the test material was investigated in accordance with the standardised guideline EU Method A.10 under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997). A preliminary screening test was performed and no propagation of combustion of the test material within 2 minutes was observed. This test was perrformed two times. Since the test material could not be ignited in the preliminary test, no main test was performed. Under the conditions of this study, the test material is considered not highly flammable. ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Proficiency testing in immunopathology: establishing the homegeneity of test material. AU - Esterman, Adrian. AU - Javanovich, S. AU - McEvoy, Robert. AU - Roberts-Thomson, Peter. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. M3 - Article. VL - 37. SP - 164. EP - 168. JO - Pathology. JF - Pathology. SN - 0031-3025. IS - 2. ER - ...
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The early rapid proliferation of epithelium is a pre-requisite for the rapid healing of wound surface of epithelium. In the present tests, the epithelial cells used for identifying test materials are taken from normal human skin, and the cells are cultured and grow in media containing the silicon and calcium microparticles of the present invention prepared according to the process of the Example 2. The specific combinations of chemical ingredients are pre-added in to the cell culture media used in the present tests at the concentrations as depicted in the Table of Fig. 3. One group serves as a control. Experimental groups with the test materials are compared to said control group to determine the induction effect of the test materials on the growth of cells. During the culture procedure, the media are replaced with fresh media having the same specific compositions every four days. Cell proliferation tests are conducted on the 12th and 20th day by counting the total number of cells grown in media ...
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The objective of this work is to develop a solid scientific understanding of the creation and characteristics of surface fractures formed during the grinding and polishing of brittle materials, specifically glass. In this study, we have experimentally characterized the morphology, number density, and depth distribution of various surface cracks as a function of various grinding and polishing processes (blanchard, fixed abrasive grinding, loose abrasive, pitch polishing and pad polishing). Also, the effects of load, abrasive particle (size, distribution, foreign particles, geometry, velocity), and lap material (pitch, pad) were examined. The resulting data were evaluated in terms of indentation fracture mechanics and tribological interactions (science of interacting surfaces) leading to several models to explain crack distribution behavior of ground surfaces and to explain the characteristics of scratches formed during polishing. This project has greatly advanced the scientific knowledge of microscopic
Application of Fracture Mechanics to Polymers, Adhesives and Composites, Volume 33 (European Structural Integrity Society) by D R Moore
Fracture mechanics concepts are applied to gain some understanding of the hierarchical nanocomposite structures of hard biological tissues such as bone, tooth and shells. At the most elementary level...
The fracture mechanics parameter of the critical stress intensity factor (Kc) was determined by a modified compact tension test method, for the fracture of bovine tibia cortical bone at orientations of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 75° and 90° to the bone axis. It was established that, for a given loading rate, a variation in orientation from 0-90° produced average increases in Kc from 3.2 to 6.5 MN m−3/2 ...
EFM covers a broad range of topics in fracture mechanics to be of interest and use to both researchers and practitioners. Contributions are welcome...
(J. Soc. Mat. Sci., Japan), Vol. 52, No. 11, pp , Nov Fatigue Life Prediction of Coiled Tubing by Takanori KATO*, Miyuki YAMAMOTO*, Isao SAWAGUCHI** and Tetsuo YONEZAWA*** Coiled tubings,
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A column assembly for use in conjunction with a test machine, for inducing high-cycle fatigue (at kilohertz vibration rates) in a specimen of a material under test. The column assembly has isolation masses, a specimen grip, and two actuators, the latter for imparting dynamic forces to the test specimen. The actuators are arranged on the column assembly asymmetrically relative to the test specimen.
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Piglione A, Yu J, Zhao J, Xiao C, Dunne F, Pham MSet al., 2020, Micro-mechanisms of Cyclic Plasticity at Stress Concentrations in a Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy, Pages: 333-340, ISSN: 2367-1181 Ni-based single-crystal superalloys are high-temperature materials used for turbine blades in jet engines. Fatigue damage can pose a major threat to the integrity of such components in operation. Traditionally, TEM-based studies on the fatigue behaviour of superalloys has been studied by investigating cyclic plasticity in the bulk of the material. When the cyclic loads are nominally elastic, however, such investigation may not contribute to the understanding of the alloys fatigue behaviour, since plastic micro-strains are confined to regions near stress raisers such as microstructural defects and are therefore randomly distributed. In turn, the plastic micro-strains near the critical stress raiser, i.e. the one that acts as nucleation site for the dominant crack, govern fatigue life by inducing ...
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To its credit, 20th Century Fox has been one of the most bullish contributors of content to the latest 4K Ultra HDTV medium, and the recent release of [amazon_textlink asin=B01LTIBWTO text=Logan template=ProductLink store=hc005-20′ marketplace=US link_id=8223ad90-4a43-11e7-b61a-9b62c8a74340′] on Ultra HD Blu-ray adds another tool to the stable of demonstration material to evaluate the evolving nature of Ultra HD displays.. I say this not because the Ultra HD Blu-ray version brings any revolutionary advances in the use of high dynamic range (HDR) specular highlights and expanded color gamut to tell the story - as the groundbreaking UHD Blu-ray version of Foxs The Revenant did. It doesnt even add a new HDR version like Dolby Vision - this is basic HDR10.. Instead, it is the removal of colors, by including black-&-white (B&W) versions of both the Ultra HD and the standard Blu-ray disc that gives us a chance to marvel (no pun intended) at the improvements that both 4K Ultra HD ...
In determining the fracture toughness of a test specimen, standards currently require either locally-measured load-line displacements or clip gage displacements. In order to measure these parameters, secondary sensors generally need to be installed and calibrated, which often comes at a higher cost. As crosshead displacements are automatically measured in most modern material test machines, use of the crosshead measurements alone would be less expensive. Although much criticism exists on the accuracy of this approach in determining CTOD values, the method can still prove sufficiently accurate for many applications. The current paper aims to assess the magnitude of the errors that arise from using the crosshead displacement in fracture mechanics testing of steels with the Single Edge Notched Bending (SENB) specimen geometry. The results show that for steels with sufficiently large toughness, the use of the crosshead displacement to calculate J and convert to CTOD produces results within 10% of ...
F2183-02(2008) Standard Test Method for Small Punch Testing of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Used in Surgical Implants (Withdrawn 2017)
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In general, you cannot borrow test materials from the Education, Linguistics and Comparative Literature Library.. As a general rule, access to test libraries, test collections or test archives is restricted to authorised persons only due to reasons of test protection. (Authorised persons are: psychologists can access psychological tests; scholars in the area of education can access educational tests; linguists and students of the relevant degree programme can access language tests.). Other interested persons may only use test materials for information purposes in the area of research and teaching. They have to demonstrate their legitimate interest in writing. The access restriction on using test materials at the Education, Linguistics and Comparative Literature Library observes the applicable shipment restrictions of the publishers. Another objective is to prevent unauthorised people from viewing test items and sharing test items or test results or other relevant information. In extreme cases, ...
This paper investigates the mechanism of wear-particle generation when a single asperity is passed over the surface of UHMWPE. A single asperity is modelled using a conical diamond-tip indenter attached to a nano-scratch tester. Scratches are produced by passing the indenter over the surface of the polymer in a single pass and multiple passes on a single track or on orthogonally intersecting tracks. The debris-generation process, as observed in the nano-scratch test, is complex and depends upon the direction of scratches. It is found that the rate of wear-debris generation is much higher when two consecutive scratches orthogonally intersect each other compared to when the scratches are made on the same track. Wall formation was observed between orthogonally intersecting scratches, and it is believed that this is central to the low-cycle wear mechanism in these systems. © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Synthesis, mechanical properties, and in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblasts of calcium silicate-reduced graphene oxide composites. AU - Mehrali, Mehdi. AU - Moghaddam, Ehsan. AU - Shirazi, Seyed Farid Seyed. AU - Baradaran, Saeid. AU - Mehrali, Mohammad. AU - Latibari, Sara Tahan. AU - Metselaar, Hendrik Simon Cornelis. AU - Kadri, Nahrizul Adib. AU - Zandi, Keivan. AU - Osman, Noor Azuan Abu. PY - 2014/3/26. Y1 - 2014/3/26. N2 - Calcium silicate (CaSiO3, CS) ceramics are promising bioactive materials for bone tissue engineering, particularly for bone repair. However, the low toughness of CS limits its application in load-bearing conditions. Recent findings indicating the promising biocompatibility of graphene imply that graphene can be used as an additive to improve the mechanical properties of composites. Here, we report a simple method for the synthesis of calcium silicate/reduced graphene oxide (CS/rGO) composites using a hydrothermal approach followed by hot isostatic ...
The Effect of Pressure-Induced Flow (PIF) Processing on the Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Gel
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The thermal fatigue behavior of the tantalum alloys T-111 (Ta-8W-2Hf) and ASTAR 811C (Ta-8W-1Re-0.7Hf-0.025C) has been evaluated using completely reversed push-pull fatigue tests conducted in ultrahigh vacuum with independently programmed temperature and strain cycles. Test results showed that cycling of the test temperature simultaneously with the mechanical strain in most cases significantly reduced the cycles to failure of both alloys compared to isothermal testing. Notched specimens had reduced lives under isothermal conditions, but the presence of a notch or use of a 1-h holdtime provided only a small further decrease in life for the temperature cycled tests. Compressive stress at the maximum temperature produced longer lives than tensile stress. ASTAR 811C was more fatigue resistant than T-111 isothermally and did not have as great a decrease in life with thermal cycling. Results are analyzed by partition of plastic strains into creep and creep-independent components and considering where ...
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In this paper, high strain rate compression properties of aramid and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composites in the out-of-plane direction are tested at room temperature on a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus. Tests were conducted on composites reinforced with woven or Uni-Directional (UD) fabrics made from aramid or ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as well as on composites reinforced with hybrid reinforcement. The strain rate is varied in the tests by changing the projectile shooting pressure. Four different pressures 2, 4, 6 and 8 bar were selected to change the strain rate. Stress-strain and energy absorption behaviour of eight type of samples were noted. Hybrid samples showed better performance in the energy absorption compared with other samples. © SAGE Publications ...
Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS), ultimate strength, or Ftu within equations,[1][2][3] is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate, as opposed to compressive strength, which withstands loads tending to reduce size. In other words, tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart), whereas compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together). Ultimate tensile strength is measured by the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. In the study of strength of materials, tensile strength, compressive strength, and shear strength can be analyzed independently. Some materials break very sharply, without plastic deformation, in what is called a brittle failure. Others, which are more ductile, including most metals, experience some plastic deformation and possibly necking before fracture. The UTS is usually found by performing a tensile test and recording the ...
Disclosed is a self-adhesive nonwoven elastic composite material composed of at least one elastic composite material; and a coating of a self-adhesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of the elastic composite material so that the material is capable of being compressed in the Z-direction at least about 45 percent at a pressure of about 3 psi to a thickness of not less than about 0.035 inch. The elastic composite material may contain an elastomeric nonwoven fibrous web joined to at least one relatively nonelastic gatherable material at spaced-apart locations so that the gatherable material is gathered between the spaced-apart locations. Such an elastic composite material can be coated with a self-adhesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of the elastic composite material so that the peel strength of the self-adhesive material is less than the peel strength of the layers of the elastic composite material. Also disclosed is a self-adhesive
April 1, 2019-Polymer composites are projected to increase in the automotive industry, MarketWatch reports. Polymer composites are materials with the combination of a polymer matrix and a reinforcing agent, mainly fibers (usually carbon, glass or natural fibers). The research report on Global Automotive Polymer Composites Market 2019 keenly analyzes significant features of the industry. The analysis servers market size, latest trends, drivers, threats, opportunities, as well as key market segments. It is based on past data and present market needs. Also, involve distinct business approaches accepted by the . . .
A test was performed to verify the mutagenic potentiol of the test material 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, tris(C12-13-branched-alkyl) ester on Salmonella typhimurium according to Ames B.N., McCann J. and Yamasaki E. (1975). The test was carried out on 5 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA1538, TA 98, TA 100). The mutagenic activity of the material was assessed by comparing the number of revertant colonies induced with the positive control. This activity was tested in the presence and absence of a metabolizing system and done directly in a petri dish. The test material was tested at concentrations of 100000, 10000, 1000, 100 and 10 µg/mL corresponding to doses of 10000, 1000, 100, 10 and 1 µg/petri dish. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: The test material at maximum concentration 10 mg/petri dish produced no increase in number of revertant colonies in comparison to the negative control. The result of the experiment with tester strain TA ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Interface debond crack growth in tension-tension cyclic loading of single fiber polymer composites. AU - Pupurs, Andrejs AU - Goutianos, Stergios. AU - Brøndsted, Povl. AU - Varna, Janis. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Fiber/matrix interface debond crack growth from a fiber break is defined as one of the key mechanisms of fatigue damage in unidirectional composites. Considering debond as an interface crack its growth in cyclic loading is analyzed utilizing a power law, where the debond growth rate is a power function of the change of the strain energy release rate in the cycle. To obtain values of two parameters in the power law cyclic loading of fragmented single fiber specimen is suggested. Measurements of the debond length increase with the number of load cycles in tension-tension fatigue are performed for glass fiber/epoxy single fiber composites. Analytical method in the steady-state growth region and FEM for short debonds are combined for calculating the strain energy release ...
The Corrositex® assay is a standardized and quantitative in vitro test developed as a replacement for the dermal corrosivity rabbit test. The Corrositex kit, manufactured by In Vitro International (IVI), uses a proprietary biobarrier membrane to model the skin for evaluating the potential dermal corrosivity of a test material. A test material is evaluated based on its penetration through the biobarrier membrane into a Chemical Detection System (CDS). The time required for the test material to break through the biobarrier and into the CDS is... Corrositex , Dermal , Skin Irritation Corrosion Screening , Skin Irritation Test ...
Introduction. The radiation crosslinking of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to enhance the properties of implants made from this polymer was reported as early as 1974 by Dumbleton.1 These studies were carried out at very high irradiation doses in air or nitrogen and resulted in excessive surface oxidation of the polymer and poor wear characteristics. The general radiation crosslinking of UHMWPE in the presence of gaseous mediating agents to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer was reported as early as 1972 by Mitsui2 and in 1973 by Hagiwara.3. In order to reduce the required irradiation dose, authors 1 and 2 (Du Plessis and Grobbelaar) initiated a research and development programme in 1974 to investigate the potential of the radiation crosslinking of UHMWPE for application in orthopaedic prostheses by using a mediating gas or mixtures of mediating gases to enhance the degree of crosslinking of the UHMWPE and lower the required radiation dose. Almost 25 years later ...
his book concentrates on one area of testing - short-term mechanical tests. These are defined as tests of mechanical properties where the effects of long periods of time and cycling are ignored. This group of tests includes hardness, tensile, compression, shear, flexing, impact and tear and in this book it is also taken to include density and dimensional measurement together with test piece preparation and conditioning.
Post-irradiation melting of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reduced the oxidation potential of UHMWPE in vivo. After mid-term (5- 10 yrs) use in vivo, there is detectable oxidation in irradiated and melted joint implant retrievals. The absorption of the synovial fluid lipid squalene was identified as a possible factor initiating oxidation. We investigated the role of lipids in UHMWPE oxidation by asking: (1) Do other synovial fluid lipids initiate oxidation in irradiated and melted UHMWPE?; (2) What is the effect of the absorption of multiple lipids on UHMWPE oxidation?; (3) How does lipid-initiated oxidation in vitro compare to what is observed in long-term retrievals? We diffused emulsified single and mixed lipids into irradiated and melted UHMWPE and accelerated aged them ...
Integra made sure to raise its voice among extremities players in fiscal year 2016 (ended Dec. 31) by releasing the Cadence Total Ankle System. Cadence added to the Integras growing mix of ankle replacement products. The company made its foray into ankle replacement in 2015 by acquiring the Salto Talaris and Salto Talaris XT prostheses from Tornier, and Cadence complements this product line with several features to accommodate many patient anatomies. Cadences side-specific, anatomical tibial and talar components avoid fibular impingement and minimize resected talar bone to preserve the ankles vascularity. Further, Cadences bearing inserts are made from a highly crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve wear characteristics. Cadences first clinical use in the United States was achieved in April 2016, and in Europe in September ...
uniMorph is an enabling technology for rapid digital fabrication of customized thin-film shape-changing interfaces. By combining the thermoelectric characteristics of copper with the high thermal expansion rate of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, we are able to actuate the shape of flexible circuit composites directly. The shape-changing actuation is enabled by a temperature driven mechanism and reduces the complexity of fabrication for thin shape-changing interfaces.. UniMorph composites can be actuated by either environmental temperature changes or active heating of embedded structures and can actuate in different shape-changing primitives. Different sensing techniques that leverage the existing copper structures can be seamlessly embedded into the uniMorph composite.. ...
In vitro comparative cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of the methanol extracts of the leaf, stem and root barks of Cnidoscolus acontifolius (Mill.) Johnst (Euphorbiaceae)
The CoNextions TR is a stainless steel and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene implant developed as an alternative to traditional suturing.
prepared on newly extracted teeth, and divided into the following groups: - First group: 10 samples of the total etch bonding agent [excite] with [Tetric ceram] composite resin were used. - Second group: 10 samples of the one step self etch bonding agent [one up bond f] with [estelite] composite resin were used. - Third group: 10 samples of the two step self etch bonding agent [Tyrian spe-one step] with [renew] composite resin were used. - Fourth group: 10 samples of the one step self etch bonding agent [Adper prompt L pop] with [z250] composite resin were used. All the laboratory samples were immersed in physiological serum for a week and exposed to 150 thermal cycles, All the samples then were stained with methylene blue, sectioned and studied with computer connected to the scanner. There was significant difference in the leakage levels between the gingival and the occlusal area. The leakage in the gingival wall was greater than in the occlusal wall. - The total etch adhesive [Excite] was ...
BioPointe filtered tips are manufactured in USA and are certified by an independent laboratory to be free of RNase, DNase, DNA and Pyrogens. Sterilization is done through an Electronic Beam Process that does not alter the color or make the plastic brittle. Manufactured only using the highest-grade of virgin polypropylene and implementing a unique thin-wall design Super Seal provides a soft, flexible material to effortlessly achieve optimal fit and seals on a variety of pipettors Molded with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, the filters are completely inert and consistent in porosity. This insures that the BioPointe filters will not impede airflow and will protect samples and pipettor from harmful contamination. Because BioPointe manufactures its filters in a clean-room facility, every component is free of detrimental nucleic acid and enzymes. BioPointe Scientific uses the highest quality plastics and best manufacturing practices to consistently produce a superior product. With its thin-wall
When Olympic hopefuls are sliding down icy tracks at speeds of 93 mph, those watching at the event or on television arent usually thinking about how the track was constructed, or what will happen to it when the Games are over.. But from a financial, environmental and engineering perspective, those questions are important-perhaps even more important than who wins the gold medal.. Thats why Purdue University professor Jan-Anders Mansson has been working for three years to engineer the ice out of Olympic sports like bobsled, luge and skeleton. Instead of the traditional ice, Mansson has proposed using an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene to construct the surface of the 1.2-mile tracks.. Utilizing the same type of metal used to construct traditional ice tracks, the chosen polyethylene, a rotary device and a thermal camera, Mansson was able to accurately test the real-world sport at a representative laboratory scale.. In each experiment, the polyethylene-the winner out of 8 materials Mansson ...
The International Trade Commission has terminated without the imposition of import restrictions patent infringement investigation 337-TA-911 of certain lithium silicate materials and products containing the same, which can be processed and converted into dental restorative products such as crowns, inlays, onlays and bridges. This termination is based on a settlement agreement between complainants Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Ivoclar Vivadent Inc. and Ivoclar Vivadent Manufacturing Inc. and the respondents, which are located in Germany and the U.S.. ...
Uniaxial tension-unloading recovery, creep-recovery, and stress-controlled cyclic tests are first performed to investigate the recoverable viscoelasticity and irrecoverable viscoplasticity (including the uniaxial ratchetting) of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) polymer at room temperature. The results show that obvious time-dependent ratchetting occurs in the asymmetrical stress-controlled cyclic tension-compression and tension-tension tests of the UHMWPE, and total ratchetting strain consists of both recoverable viscoelastic and irrecoverable viscoplastic parts. Based on the experimental observation, a new viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is proposed to describe the time-dependent ratchetting of the UHMWPE. In the proposed model, the viscoplastic strain is set to be contributed simultaneously by the unified viscoplastic and creep ones. Meanwhile, a memory surface is introduced into the viscoelastic model to improve the description to the shapes of stress-strain ...
This study investigated the relationship between the irradiance transmitted through ceramic and the bond strength of a resin cement to dentin. After application of an adhesive system, elastomer molds with cylindrical orifices (1.2 mm in diameter) were placed onto bovine dentin surfaces and filled with a photoactivated luting agent (Enforce; Dentsply Caulk). Light-activation was performed through a 0.6-mm-thick ceramic disc using different intensities: 250, 400, 550, 700, or 850 MW/cm(2). Control specimens were irradiated without ceramic (1050 mW/cm(2)). The radiant exposure was kept at 30 J/cm(2). Light spectral distribution was analyzed with a spectrometer. Microshear test was conducted and modes of failure were classified under SEM. Bond strength data were analyzed with ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (alpha ,= 0.05), and failure scores with the Kruskal-Wallis test (alpha ,= 0.05). A linear regression model assessed the relationship between irradiance and bond strength. Groups lightcured ...
The load–deflection curve acquired from the Small Punch Test (SPT) is used to obtain the mechanical properties of materials using different correlation methods. The scattering level of these regressions tends to be high when a wide set of materials is analyzed. In this study, a correlation method based on a specific slope of the SPT curve was proposed to reduce scattering. Assuming the Ramberg–Osgood hardening law, the dependence of the SPT curve slope on the yield strength and the hardening coefficient is demonstrated by numerical simulations (FEM). Considering that the ultimate tensile strength could be obtained from the hardening coefficient, a response surface of the ultimate tensile strength with the yield strength and SPT curve slope, along with its equation, is presented for steel alloys. A summary of steel mechanical properties, based on the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and limited to yield strengths lower than 1300 MPa, is shown to select a set of experimental tests
Polymer Composites and Polymeric Materials for Energy Management and Occupant Safety by Society of Automotive Engineers, 9780768003802, available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide.
The A1U10 group showed significantly lower mean hardness than the other two groups (A1U20 and A1U40) for the U surface of this composite resin shade (A1) (£0.05). At the L surface of A1 shade a significantly higher mean hardness was found at 40 s irradiation time (A1L40) than for the A1L10 and A1L20 groups, which means that values were also statistically different (p£0.05). Both surfaces (U and L) of A3 shade composite revealed significantly greater mean hardness values at 40 s curing time, followed by the 20-s and the 10-s curing time groups (p£0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between U and L surfaces of each composite shade-IT combination (p=0.0001) and among the irradiation times of same shade-surface combination (p=0.0001), except between A1U20 and A1U40 groups. DISCUSSION. The polymerization of light-cured composite resins starts and is sustained when the rate of delivery photons from the source of light is sufficient to maintain the photo-absorbing compound, ...
Figure: Induction of proinflammatory cytokines is attenuated in CX3CL1−/− mice expressing sFKN. TNFα and IL-1β concentrations were measured using standard ELISA techniques for VM lysates. a, TNFα concentrations were upregulated following MPTP administration (three-way ANOVA; F(1, 23) = 18.36, ★★★p , 0.001). Comparatively, CX3CL1−/− mice expressing sFKN in the SNpc had significantly lower concentrations of TNFα relative to mFKN (Tukeys HSD; ***p , 0.001) and GFP (Tukeys HSD; ###p , 0.001) expressing mice. There were no significant differences between sFKN and WT-MPTP (Tukeys HSD; p = 0.384) or mFKN and GFP (Tukeys HSD; p = 0.773). b, The IL-1β concentrations in the VM were significantly upregulated for mice exposed to MPTP (three-way ANOVA; F(1, 23) = 11.97, ★★★p = 0.002). Similar to the pattern of TNFα, IL-1β concentrations in CX3CL1−/− mice expressing sFKN were significantly blunted compared to both mFKN (Tukeys HSD; ***p = 0.001) and GFP (Tukeys HSD; ###p , ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of fiber surface treatments on mechanical properties of wood fiber-cement composites. AU - Blankenhorn, Paul R.. AU - Blankenhorn, Brad D.. AU - Silsbee, Michael R.. AU - DiCola, Maria. PY - 2001/7. Y1 - 2001/7. N2 - The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of treated and untreated hardwood, kraft softwood, and newsprint wood fibers on the 7- and 28-day bending strength, compressive strength, and toughness values for wood fiber-cement composites. Untreated and acrylic- or alkylalkoxysilane-treated hardwood, kraft softwood, and newsprint wood fibers used in wood fiber-cement composites resulted in different bending and compression properties. Fiber characteristics along with different chemical treatments influenced the composite properties. Compressive strength decreased for all fiber types and chemical treatments compared to the neat cement controls. Bending strength values for all wood fiber composites were higher than the neat cement control specimens. ...
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BACKGROUND: Assessing liver fibrosis is traditionally performed by biopsy, an imperfect gold standard. Non-invasive techniques, liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and biomarkers [FibroTest(R) (FT)], are widely used in countries where they are available. The aim was to identify factors associated with LSM accuracy using FT as a non-invasive endpoint and vice versa. METHODS: The proof of concept was taken using the manufacturers recommendations for excluding patients at high risk of false negative/positive. The hypothesis was that the concordance between LSM and FT, would be improved by excluding high-risk patients. Thereafter, the impact of potential variability factors was assessed by the same methods. Liver biopsy and independent endpoints were used to validate the results. RESULTS: Applying manufacturers recommendations in 2,004 patients increased the strength of concordance between LSM and FT (P,0.00001). Among the 1,338 patients satisfying recommendations, the methodology identified a ...
Tensile and axial fatigue tests were conducted on shallow cryogenically treated EN19 medium carbon alloy steel to investigate its mechanical behavior. The test samples were conventionally heat treated then oil quenched at room temperature. Followed by the samples were kept for shallow cryogenic trea
The increasing demands for efficiency and flexibility result in more severe operating conditions for the materials used in critical components of biomass power plants. These operating conditions involve higher temperature ranges, more pronounced environmental effects and cyclic operations. Austenitic stainless steels have shown to possess promising high temperature properties which makes them suitable as candidates for critical components in biomass power plant. However, their behaviour under such conditions is not yet fully understood. This work investigates three commercial austenitic alloys: Esshete 1250, Sanicro 25 and Sanicro 31HT. The alloys were subjected to in-phase (IP) thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) testing under strain-control in the temperature range of 100-800 °C. Both virgin and pre-aged TMF specimens were tested in order to simulate service degradation resulting from long-term usage. The results show that the pre-aged specimens suffered shorter TMF-life compared to the virgin ...
1×3.8g Syringe. ESTELITE SIGMA QUICK® is a universal, supra-nano filled restorative material utilizing 100% spherical filler technology. With a filler weight of 82% (71% volume), the spherical fillers provide a uniform diffusion of light, allowing for a more forgiving shade match, and superb blend to surrounding teeth. In addition, the spherical fillers provide low composite wear over time and are safe for opposing dentition while causing less wear on opposing teeth.. Estelite Sigma Quick® has a low 1.3% volumetric shrinkage and low shrinkage stress for decreased post-op sensitivity and resistance against marginal leakage, allowing for lasting patient comfort.. Estelite Sigma Quick® offers a 90 second working time under ambient light, and features a proprietary initiator system that allows it to polymerize quickly, with very minimal shade shift over time.. Tokuyamas spherical fillers provide exceptional polishability, and long-term polish retention. Additionally, Estelite Sigma Quick® is ...
The book I recommend for reading is Fracture mechanics: fundamentals and applications, by T.L.Anderson, 3rd edition, 2005. I first saw this book on the top list of reading materials of Brown U. When I have it I found so pleasent to read through it. Here is the short-list of its content Chapter 1: Introduction: History and overview Chapter 2:Fundamental concepts: linear elastic fracture mechanics Chapter 3: Elastic-plastic mechanics Chapter 4: Dynamic and time-dependent fracture Chapter 5: Material behavior: Fracture mechanics in metals ...
Google started testing a Material Design makeover on YouTube earlier this year, and now its doing the same for the companys search engine on the desktop. A small set of Google users noticed their Google.com searches displaying material design touches and shared the news on Reddit and Twitter, as...