Codon pair bias deoptimization (CPBD) has been successfully used to attenuate several RNA viruses. CPBD involves recoding a viral protein-coding sequence to maximize the number of codon pairs that are statistically underrepresented in the host, which presumably slows protein translation and, hence, causes virus attenuation. However, since recoding preserves the amino acid composition and codon bias, attenuated and parental viruses are antigenically identical. To determine if Mareks disease virus (MDV), a highly oncogenic herpesvirus of the chicken with a large double-stranded DNA genome, can be attenuated by CPBD of its major oncogene meq, we recoded the gene to minimize (meq-D), maximize (meq-O), or preserve (meq-R) the level of codon pairs that are overrepresented in the chicken protein-coding sequences. Unexpectedly, mutants carrying recoded genes produced comparable or increased levels of Meq in the context of viral infection in cultured cells. In addition, parental virus and mutant viruses
TY - JOUR. T1 - Influence of genetic resistance of the chicken and virulence of Mareks disease virus (MDV) on nitric oxide responses after MDV infection. AU - Jarosinski, K. W.. AU - Yunis, R.. AU - OConnell, P. H.. AU - Markowski-Grimsrud, C. J.. AU - Schat, K. A.. PY - 2002/7. Y1 - 2002/7. N2 - Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical produced by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS), is a potent antiviral agent in addition to having immune regulating functions. Recently, it was reported that chickens resistant (N2a, MHC: B 21B 21) to the development of Mareks disease (MD) had a greater potential to produce NO than MD-susceptible chickens (P2a, MHC: B 19 B 19). This difference was shown by measuring NO levels in chick embryo fibroblast cultures obtained from these chickens after treatment with lipopolysaccharide and recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). To extend these results, the levels of NO in blood plasma from N2a and P2a chickens inoculated with the nonattenuated JM-16 strain of MD virus ...
Mareks disease (MD), a herpesvirus-induced lymphomatous disease in chickens, has attracted the interest of immunologists since MD virus (MDV) was isolated in 1968 and vaccines became available shortl
A study was undertaken to identify Mareks disease virus (MDV) antigen by PCR and AGID and to test the significance of PCR and AGID by McNemars test in detection of MDV antigen in outbreak in layer flocks. A total of twelve different MD outbreak flocks with varying flock size were selected in this study. Feather follicles were collected from 10 apparently healthy birds, 10 clinically affected birds and 10 dead birds separately in each outbreak. All the samples were subjected to PCR and AGID. In PCR, 42 (35.00%), 68 (56.67%) and 106 (88.33%) samples were positive to MDV in apparently healthy birds, clinically affected birds and dead birds respectively and in AGID 28 (23.33%), 56 (46.67%) and 98 (81.67%) samples were positive to MDV in apparently healthy birds, clinically affected birds and dead birds respectively. In testing the significance of PCR and AGID in detecting MDV, significant difference existed between the two tests in feather tips of apparently healthy birds (P < 0.05), whereas there ...
Mareks Disease Virus is a highly contagious herpesvirus that causes T-cell lymphomas in chickens. Although there are vaccines which prevent lymphoma formation, MDV has increased in virulence as new strains evolve in the ...
Citation: Zhang, H., Xie, Q., Chang, S., Ernst, C.W., Song, J. 2014. Preliminary Analysis of MicroRNA Transcriptome Altered by Vaccine and Mareks Disease Virus in Chickens. Plant and Animal Genome Conference. Paper No. 9952. Available: https://pag.confex.com/pag/xxii/webprogram/Paper9952.html. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play important roles in many biological processes such as development, cell signaling and immune response. Mature miRNAs are about 22 nucleotides in length. Reportedly, the growth of various tumors, including cancers, is mediated by dysfunctional regulation by miRNAs, and differential expression of miRNA is associated with virus infection and tumorigenesis. This study was aimed to explore the microRNA transcriptome and to profile microRNA expression in response to vaccination or Mareks disease virus infection in two highly inbred lines of chickens ...
Apoptosis triggered by p53 upon DNA damage secures removal of cells with compromised genomes, and is thought to prevent tumorigenesis. In contrast, we provide evidence that p53-induced apoptosis can actively drive tumor formation. Mice defective in p53-induced apoptosis due to loss of its proapoptotic target gene, puma, resist gamma-irradiation (IR)-induced lymphomagenesis. In wild-type animals, repeated irradiation injury-induced expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs) leads to lymphoma formation. Puma(-/-) HSCs, protected from IR-induced cell death, show reduced compensatory proliferation and replication stress-associated DNA damage, and fail to form thymic lymphomas, demonstrating that the maintenance of stem/progenitor cell homeostasis is critical to prevent IR-induced tumorigenesis ...
Mareks disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly lymphomas in chickens. MDV encodes a viral telomerase RNA (vTR) that is highly expressed during all stages of the virus life cycle. vTR is crucial for efficient MDV-induced lymphoma formation, however, the mechanism is not completely understood. Despite the high sequence identity between vTR and the cellular telomerase RNA (chTR) of 88%, it remains elusive if the overexpression of the chTR can contribute to cellular transformation. Intriguingly, TRs and Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) encoded RNAs (EBER-1 and EBER-2) have interaction partners in common that are highly conserved in humans and chickens. EBERs are the most abundant viral transcripts in EBV-induced tumor cell. However, their role in tumor development is still controversial. In the first part of the study, we wanted to investigate if the overexpression of cellular TRs (chTR) have tumor-promoting functions using a natural virus-host animal model of ...
Bai, Y, Yuan, P, Zhang, H, Ramachandran, R, Yang, N & Song, J 2020, Adiponectin and its receptor genes expression in response to Mareks disease virus infection of White Leghorns, Poultry science, vol. 99, no. 9, pp. 4249-4258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.004 ...
The germinal center of the immune system plays a complicated dual role in the body: vitally selecting B cells secreting high-affinity antibodies to serve t | Immunology
What is Mareks Mareks disease is a highly contagious viral Neoplastic disease in chickens. The disease is characterized by the presence of T -...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Identification and Sequence Analysis of the Mareks Disease Virus Serotype 2 Homologous Genes of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL25, UL26 and UL26.5 Genes. AU - Kato, Kentaro. AU - Jang, Hyung Kwan. AU - Izumiya, Yoshihiro. AU - Cai, Jin Shun. AU - Tsushima, Yoshinori. AU - Miyazawa, Takayuki. AU - Kai, Chieko. AU - Mikami, Takeshi. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999/7. Y1 - 1999/7. N2 - We identified and determined the nucleotide sequence of Mareks disease virus serotype 2 (MDV2) UL25, UL26 and UL26.5 homologous genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The UL25, UL26 and UL26.5 genes of HSV-1 encode virion proteins (UL25 and UL26.5) and serine protease (UL26). The deduced amino acid sequences of the three proteins show a high degree of homology to counterparts of HSV-1. By northern blot analyses we found that four transcripts whose sizes arc 4.9, 3.9, 2.0 and 1.3 kb are transcribed from the domains of MDV2 genome containing the ...
Mareks disease virus (MDV) causes malignant lymphomas in chickens (Mareks disease, MD). MD is currently controlled by vaccination; however, MDV strains have a tendency to develop increased virulence. Distinct diversity and point mutations are present in the Meq proteins, the oncoproteins of MDV, suggesting that changes in protein function induced by amino acid substitutions might affect MDV virulence. We previously reported that recent MDV isolates in Japan display distinct mutations in Meq proteins from those observed in traditional MDV isolates in Japan, but similar to those in MDV strains isolated from other countries. To further investigate the genetic characteristics in Japanese field strains, we sequenced the whole genome of an MDV strain that was successfully isolated from a chicken with MD in Japan. A phylogenetic analysis of the meq gene was also performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Meq proteins in most of the Japanese isolates were similar to those of Chinese and European
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PAN Czytelnia Czasopism, Interactions between Mareks disease virus Rispens/CVI988 vaccine strain and adenovirus field strain in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures - Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Mareks Disease is a contagious viral disease caused by a DNA virus that belongs to herpes B virus with size of 80 - 100 nm. Certain high virulent strains cause acute disease with high motarlity rates including HPRS 16, 18, 19, 20, JM GA and low virulent strains including HPRS - B14, B 17... The disease spreads from bird-to-bird by direct contact, or via contaminated drinking water and feed by instruments, animal producers. After a week affected chickens sed infected virus Virus is not embryonic transmission but contaminated incubators can spread the disease. The disease can also be transmitted by Turkeys, quails or ducks. The disease mainly occurs in chickens at 2 - 5 months of age.
Introduction. The health control of poultry reared free-range systems is less strict than that of commercial flocks, increasing the risk of disease outbreak. Fossum et al. (2009) reported significant differences in the health of poultry reared under different husbandry systems. The authors detected more health problems in poultry kept in alternative systems as compared to conventional commercial establishments, with a high prevalence of bacterial diseases. Among viral diseases, Mareks disease (MD) was diagnosed only in flocks in alternative systems.. MD is caused by an alpha-herpesvirus, whose virulence is associated with its ability to induce lymphoproliferative lesions. These lesions are characterized by enlargement of the peripheral nerves due lymphocytic infiltration and by the presence of lymphomas in various visceral organs and tissues, which may be present even in vaccinated birds (Buscaglia et al., 2004; Witter et al., 2005). MD can be manifested in the affected chickens as early ...
Proceedings of the World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 11. 205. QTLs mapped by selective DNA pooling explain substantial proportion of phenotypic and genetic variation in MD mortality in chicken layer lines Ehud Lipkin1, Jacqueline Smith2, Dave Burt2, Morris Soller1, Janet E. Fulton3 1 Dept. of Genetics, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel [email protected] (Corresponding Author) 2 The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK 3 Hy-Line International, PO Box 310, Dallas Center, IA 50063, USA Mareks disease (MD) has a major effect on poultry health, production and welfare. Intensive use of vaccines is driving the virus to increasing virulence. New, more virulent strains continue to emerge, calling for other control means, such as selective breeding. In the present study we estimated the effects of MD QTLs mapped by ...
Citation: Lee, L.F., Silva, R.F., Heidari, M., Reddy, S. 2010. Studies on Mareks Disease Virus Encoded Ribonucleotide Reductase. American Association of Avian Pathologists Symposium and Scientific Program, August 1-4, 2010, Atlanta, Georgia. Paper No. 9410-2. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is an essential enzyme for the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The enzyme consists of two subunits namely RR1 and RR2, both of which associate to form an active holoenzyme. Herpesviruses express a functional RR required for viral pathogenesis and reactivation from latency in infected host. In pseudorabies virus, mutants deficient in RR were shown to be avirulent for pigs and capable for protecting pigs against disease. Mareks disease virus (MDV) also encodes a RR enzyme, which has 21 discrete blocks of amino acid homologous to other herpes viruses. These homologous blocks of amino acids are important sites for ...
Principal Investigator:HAYASHI Masanobu, Project Period (FY):1990 - 1991, Research Category:Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C), Research Field:基礎獣医学
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Okay. So two days ago a 7 month old ameraucana/silkie cross rooster that I hatched and raised, started to look very droopy and was just sitting hunched...
DNA fragments (seeds) having the characteristics of amplicons, which are useful for amplifying genes of interest, have been isolated from Mareks disease viruses of poultry. Concatmers of the seeds and the associated genes have potential as vaccines or delivery vectors when cotransfected and replicated in the presence of helper viruses. The amplicons are also useful for inserting associated genes into the helper viruses, which in turn could be used as expression vectors. Candidate genes for use with the subject amplicons include those which encode immunogenic proteins and other beneficial economic traits desired in commercial poultry lines.
The present ultrastructural study on follicle of regenerating feathers of four different avian species focuses on the formation and cytology of the rachis. Epithelial cells within the bottom part of t
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Colorado History - Littleton 1910 through 1920s. Learn about the scandalous chickens at large, town improvements, growth of industry, and the invention of front wheel drive in the 1920s.
My emphasis) If Im understanding this correctly, it leads to the possibility that where vaccines lead to relatively short-term immunity compared to the natural infection,4 its conceivable that vaccination could actually shift the disease from a steady state to an epidemic mode. Obviously, if this can happen, it would be nice to be able to predict it.. Offhand, I cant think of any examples where this might have happened in real life. The most notorious epidemics, like influenza and norovirus, both tend to have fairly short-term immunity to start with. Something like Mareks Disease of chickens would be an interesting case study, but the logistics of the poultry agribusiness is going to have a bigger impact than the vaccine (I would think). The chicken-pox vaccine is the best example I can think of for a vaccine with relatively short-term immunity where the disease was endemic before the vaccine, and were not seeing any sign, that I know of, that chicken-pox is entering an epidemic ...
In Mareks disease, transient paralysis can occur and is caused by temporary vasculitis and edema in the brain. The condition typically persists for 1-2 days, after which time the chickens will experience a rapid and total recovery. Later, infected chickens may develop MD lymphomas with clinical signs reflecting tissue involvement ...
Paralysed Hamburg Symptoms of Mareks disease, and its prevention source: Victoria RobertsCountry Smallholding April 2202 starts p20, 2 pages long
Hello Im not a member of this site but was looking as I hoped to find some answers!! My mum has had two chickens a black and brown one for about a year she keeps them as pets. She has been on hoilday and I have been in charge of looking after them. When me and my son went there today to let them run around the garden and give them fresh water and food they were dead!! I am in shock as when I left my mums house last night they were fine. I know its silly but I just want to know why and I want to have a reason to tell my mum! I feel awfull. Is this something I have done for them both to die at the same time??? Could someone please write back ...
Screw KFC and El Pollo Loco. Dinahs makes the real stuff. Through the end of the month, Dinahs in Glendale is offering a free chicken lunch to new customers. That means anyone over 18 with a picture ID. If you try to go back twice, your name will be on a list (and you will have really bad karma). Customers have their choice of a leg and thigh or breast and wing plus one side dish absolutely free. From opening to closing.
Hi my name is Natasha and I am a big animal lover. I have 4 dogs, 2 cat and 15 chickens at home along with 3 wonderful children. My children are al...
ワイプ4VTRと出演者のコメントを交互に配置する番組において増えた演出方式である》VTRの端(主に右上や右下(にそのVTRを見るタレントの顔を写すようになった》これによりタレントのリアクションと 視聴者のリアクションに同期が取れる》つまり「笑うポイント「を視聴者に明示出来る利点もある》また 話術に難のあるタレントであっても 変わった表情や その他のリアクション(手を叩く 拍手(といった行為で「笑いどころ「を創出出来る利点もある》 ...
The workshop will focus on new and improved methods, techniques, and applications of (electro-optical) sensors on airborne and spaceborn platforms.. Over the last half century there is a drastic development in air and space-borne platforms and active / passive electro-optical sensor. New optical sensors for observations of the Earth surface, oceans and the atmosphere provide a wide range of solutions for various applications. The aim is the acquisition of information about objects, structures, or phenomenon on the earth.. The huge amount of data, provided by these sensors, represents a new challenge regarding developments of processing, storage and evaluation techniques.. The aim of this workshop is to bring together engineers and scientists from academia, industry and government to exchange results and ideas for future applications of electro-optical remote sensing.. The workshop is part of the 7th Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and Video Technology. ...
Abstract(#br)Mareks disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1) strains cause malignant lymphoma in chickens. MDV-1 has been previously reported to be widespread in white-fronted geese ( Anser albifrons ); however, the prevalence of MDV-1 in other wild birds has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of MDV-1 in various wild birds in Hokkaido, Japan. The MDV-1 genome was widespread in geese and ducks, but was not detected in other birds. MDV-1 was detected in both sedentary and migratory species. These results suggest that, in Japan, MDV-1 is widespread in wild goose and duck populations, and that resident ducks may be significant carriers and reservoirs of MDV-1 ...
B is for Bursa…: in his Immune podcast, Vincent Racaniello discusses our recent paper on the role of B cells in Mareks disease virus pathogenesis with Stephanie Langel and Cynthia Leifer.. Link to the podcast: http://www.microbe.tv/immune/immune-16/ ...
Author Summary The enzyme complex telomerase, with its two main components telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA, plays an important role in telomere maintenance. Perturbation of telomere length regulation can ultimately result in cellular senescence (telomere shortening) and is also observed in tumor cells (increased telomere maintenance). Recent studies suggest telomerase RNAs can function independently of the telomerase complex and promote tumor development independently of telomere maintenance. Here we demonstrate that vTR, a herpesvirus-encoded telomerase RNA, serves two distinct functions in MDV-induced tumor formation. vTR has its first function early after infection, when it is part of the telomerase complex and contributes to the survival of rapidly dividing transformed cells. The second function of vTR is independent of telomerase action and essential for formation of solid lymphomas and metastasis. This latter function is likely a consequence of vTR-mediated gene regulation that
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Vaccination is the only known method to prevent the development of tumors when chickens are infected with the virus. However, administration of vaccine does not prevent transmission of the virus; i.e., the vaccine is non-sterilizing.[1] However, it does reduce the amount of virus shed in the dander and hence reduce horizontal spread of the disease. Mareks Disease does not spread vertically. The vaccine was introduced in 1970. Before that, Mareks disease caused substantial revenue loss in the poultry industries of the United States and the United Kingdom. The vaccine can be administered to one day old chicks through sub-cutaneous inoculation or by in-ovo vaccination when the eggs are transferred from the incubator to the hatcher. In-ovo vaccination is the preferred method, as in does not require handling of the chicks and can be done rapidly by automated methods. Immunity develops within two weeks. The vaccine originally contained the antigenically similar turkey herpesvirus, which is serotype ...
Little is known about the structure of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules outside of mammals. Only one class I molecule in the chicken MHC is highly expressed, leading to strong genetic associations with infectious pathogens. Here, we report two structures of the MHC class I molecule BF2*2101 from the B21 haplotype, which is known to confer resistance to Mareks disease caused by an oncogenic herpesvirus. The binding groove has an unusually large central cavity, which confers substantial conformational flexibility to the crucial residue Arg9, allowing remodeling of key peptide-binding sites. The coupled variation of anchor residues from the peptide, utilizing a charge-transfer system unprecedented in MHC molecules, allows peptides with conspicuously different sequences to be bound. This promiscuous binding extends our understanding of ways in which MHC class I molecules can present peptides to the immune system and might explain the resistance of the B21 haplotype to Mareks disease.
Ocular lesions induced in 40 specific-pathogen-free Mareks disease (MD) resistant chicks by inoculation at 1 day of age with very virulent strain of Mareks disease virus (WV) were pathologically examined. Grossly,24/40 (60%) chicks had white gel-like materials in the vitreous body, whereas thickening and discoloration of iris (gray eye) were not observed. Microscopically, characteristic ocular MD lesions were observed in choroid (27/40), ciliary (30/40) and iris (23/40) in which small focal inflammatory to diffuse neoplastic Iymphoid cells were infiltrated. Five out of 40 MDV-inoculated birds revealed necrotizing Iymphomas in choroid. These lesions consisted of necrotic and degenerating Iymphoblasts accompanied by intranuclear inclusion body. There was retinal atrophy and necrosis with inclusion body detected in necrotic ganglion, inner or outer nuclear and infiltrated Iymphoblast cells. Conjunctiva showed lymphoid cell infiltration in 29/40 chicks inoculated with MDV, Vitreous body exhibited ...
Mareks disease virus (MDV) is one of several oncogenic herpesviruses and causes fatal lymphomas in chickens. The current gold standard vaccine is the live-attenuated MDV strain CVI988/Rispens (CVI), which is widely used and efficiently prevents tumor formation. Intriguingly, CVI expresses two predominant isoforms of the major MDV oncogene meq: one variant with a regular size of meq (Smeq) and one long... ...
Rouaud P., Vincent-Fabert C., Saintamand A., Fiancette R., Marquet M., Robert I., Reina-San-Martin B., Pinaud E., Cogné M. and Denizot Y., 2013, The IgH 3 regulatory region controls somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells. J. Exp. Med. 210(8): 1501-1507.. Rouaud P., Fiancette R., Vincent-Fabert C., Magnone V., Cogné M., Dubus P. and Denizot Y., 2012, Mantle cell lymphoma-like lymphomas in c-myc-3RR/p53+/- mice and c-myc-3RR/Cdk4R24C mice: differential oncogenic mechanisms but similar cellular origin. Oncotarget 3(5): 586-593.. Vincent-Fabert C., Fiancette R.*, Rouaud P.*, Baudet C., Truffinet V., Magnone V., Guillaudeau A., Cogné M., Dubus P. and Denizot Y., 2012, A Defect of the INK4-Cdk4 Checkpoint and Myc Collaborate in Blastoid Mantle Cell Lymphoma-Like Lymphoma Formation in Mice. Am. J. Pathol. 180(4):1688-1701.. Rouaud P.*, Vincent-Fabert C.*, Fiancette R., Cogné M., Pinaud E. and Denizot Y., 2012, Enhancers Located in Heavy Chain Regulatory Region (hs3a, hs1,2, hs3b, and ...
AVIAN PATHOLOGY. THE PIRBRIGHT INSTITUTE 26/10/16 Promising results in search for a more efficient and effective vaccine against Mareks disease. INDIAN VET. J.
Sun Dec 05 2010 Oden Eriksson ,[email protected], 0.23.3-2mdv2011.0 + Revision: 610093 - rebuild * Sun Dec 27 2009 Frederik Himpe ,[email protected], 0.23.3-1mdv2010.1 + Revision: 482735 - update to new version 0.23.3 * Thu Sep 10 2009 Thierry Vignaud ,[email protected], 0.23.2-5mdv2010.0 + Revision: 436925 - rebuild * Thu Mar 05 2009 Guillaume Rousse ,[email protected], 0.23.2-4mdv2009.1 + Revision: 349192 - rebuild for latest readline * Wed Jul 23 2008 Thierry Vignaud ,[email protected], 0.23.2-3mdv2009.0 + Revision: 243420 - rebuild * Sat Feb 16 2008 Frederik Himpe ,[email protected], 0.23.2-1mdv2008.1 + Revision: 169342 - New releaes, supports neon 0.28.0 - New license policy + Olivier Blin ,[email protected], - restore BuildRoot + Thierry Vignaud ,[email protected], - kill re-definition of %buildroot on Pixels request * Thu Aug 23 2007 Oden Eriksson ,[email protected], 0.23.0-1mdv2008.0 + Revision: 69336 - fix deps - 0.23.0 * Thu Jan 25 2007 Lenny Cartier ...
There are two options for baking chicken: Baking at 350°F: This is the traditional method whereby a 4-oz boneless, skinless chicken breast is roasted at 350°F (177˚C) for 20-30 minutes, according to the USDA. Baking at 400°F: Baking for less time at a higher temperature is a great way to get juicier chicken! ...
Evaluation of genetic variation within and between different chicken lines by DNA fingerprinting. Genetic similarity using DNA fingerprinting in cattle to determine relationship coefficient
Perdues Simply Smart Organics chicken products will hit the shelves in October - at about half the cost of other organic brands.
Background: My name is Noah Marek, and I am 22 years old. Height is just below 511 (180cm) and weight is about 177 (80kg). I have lived in Oregon (US) my...
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