All previous studies have identified that canine mammary tumor models are great to study the molecular pathogenesis of human breast cancer due to several similarities such as epidemiological factors and histopathological aspects [43-46]. In addition, it is very common that dogs and humans are exposed to equivalent carcinogens as frequently they are living in the same environment. Risk factors and molecular changes in affected mammary tissues for both species are comparable. Most of canine mammary tumors and human breast cancers are also originated from epithelial tissues [47]. In fact, different types of human cancers can be found in dogs too. For example, lymphoma, breast cancer, bone cancer and etc. Furthermore, studies have pointed out specifically that the age of onset and peak incidence among humans and dogs are about the same if their age is calculated proportionately [43]. Spontaneous mammary tumors incidence rate in female dogs is about 25% (1 in 4) while breast cancer incidence rate in ...

Abnormal levels of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been observed in many human neoplasms including breast cancer and it has been demonstrated that they have both prognostic and therapeutic implications. In this study, we evaluated immunohistochemical expression of HSPs in normal and neoplastic canine mammary glands and confronted these results with overall survival (OS), in order to understand the role of HSPs in carcinogenesis and to establish their potential prognostic and/or therapeutic value. Immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, Hsp72, Hsp73 and Hsp90 was evaluated in 3 normal canine mammary glands and 30 malignant mammary tumours (10 in situ carcinomas, 10 invasive carcinomas limited to local structures without identifiable invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels, 10 carcinomas with invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels and/or metastases to regional lymph nodes). A semi-quantitative method was used for the analysis of the results. Widespread constitutive expression of Hsp73 and Hsp90 was

Abnormal levels of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been observed in many human neoplasms including breast cancer and it has been demonstrated that they have both prognostic and therapeutic implications. In this study, we evaluated immunohistochemical expression of HSPs in normal and neoplastic canine mammary glands and confronted these results with overall survival (OS), in order to understand the role of HSPs in carcinogenesis and to establish their potential prognostic and/or therapeutic value. Immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, Hsp72, Hsp73 and Hsp90 was evaluated in 3 normal canine mammary glands and 30 malignant mammary tumours (10 in situ carcinomas, 10 invasive carcinomas limited to local structures without identifiable invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels, 10 carcinomas with invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels and/or metastases to regional lymph nodes). A semi-quantitative method was used for the analysis of the results. Widespread constitutive expression of Hsp73 and Hsp90 was

OBJECTIVES. Immunotherapy may provide an effective method of cancer treatment, either alone or in conjunction with surgery, chemotherapy or other approaches leading to tumour reduction. Despite its theoretical efficacy and long history of clinical application, immunotherapy in companion animals is still poorly investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy induced by poxvirus (Baypamun DC) as an adjuvant therapy to surgical resection of canine mammary tumours.. MATERIALS. Twenty-six bitches of various breeds presenting malignant mammary tumours were attended at the Veterinary Hospital of University Paulista (UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil) and divided into 2 groups - those submitted to surgical procedure alone (group I, n =10) and those in which was used the association of surgical and immunotherapeutic treatment (group II, n =16). Depending on the specific case, the surgical procedure consisted of simple mastectomy, en bloc resection or complete unilateral ...

Canine mammary carcinoma is the most common cancer among female dogs and is often fatal due to the development of distant metastases. In humans, solid tumors are made up of heterogeneous cell populations, which perform different roles in the tumor economy. A small subset of tumor cells can hold or acquire stem cell characteristics, enabling them to drive tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. In veterinary medicine, the molecular drivers of canine mammary carcinoma are as yet undefined. Here we report that putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be isolated form a canine mammary carcinoma cell line, REM134. We show that these cells have an increased ability to form tumorspheres, a characteristic of stem cells, and that they express embryonic stem cell markers associated with pluripotency. Moreover, canine CSCs are relatively resistant to the cytotoxic effects of common chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation, indicating that failure of clinical therapy to eradicate canine mammary cancer may be due

Background: The limited within-breed genetic heterogeneity and an enrichment of disease-predisposing alleles have made the dog a very suitable model for the identification of genes associated with risk for specific diseases. Canine mammary cancer is an example of such a disease. However, the underlying inherited risk factors for canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are still largely unknown. In this study, 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ten human cancer-associated genes were genotyped in two different datasets in order to identify genes/alleles associated with the development of CMTs. The first dataset consisted of English Springer Spaniel (ESS) CMT cases and controls. ESS is a dog breed known to be at increased risk of developing CMTs. In the second dataset, dogs from breeds known to have a high frequency of CMTs were compared to dogs from breeds with a lower occurrence of these tumours. Results: We found significant associations to CMT for SNPs and haplotypes in the estrogen receptor 1 ...

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Although the prevalence of these tumours decreases in regions where preventive ovari(ohyster)ectomy is performed, it remains an important disease entity in veterinary medicine. Moreover, treatment options are limited in comparison with human breast cancer. Nevertheless, recent human treatment protocols might have potential in bitches suffering from CMTs. ...

Under the direction of Dr. Karin Sorenmo, Penn Vet s Canine Mammary Tumor Program provides care to shelter dogs with mammary tumors.

Introduction: A new classification system of breast tumours is presently used in human pathology and is based on the immunohistochemical characterization of 4 tumour types, namely luminal-like (A and B type), basal-like, and ERB-B2 positive neoplasms. This approach reveals extremely useful in humans in terms of prognosis.In fact, luminal phenotype seems to have a better prognosis than basal and ERB-B2 respectively. In this preliminary study this classification method has been applied to a series of mammary tumours of the female dog with the aim to verify its prognostic value in veterinary medicine. Material and methods: A series of 45 canine mammary carcinomas with a known two-year post-mastectomy follow-up were selected from our database. A panel of the following antibodies was applied: anti-cytokeratines 14, 5/6, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and ERB-B2. PR and ER nuclear staining and ERB-B2 membranous staining were considered positive when observed in ,10% of tumor ...

3871 Sialyl Lewis x (sLex) antigen is a carbohydrate antigen that is considered not only a marker for cancer but also implicated functionally in the malignant behaviour of cancer cells. Overexpression of sLex is associated with enhanced progression and metastases of many types of cancer including those of the mammary gland. Canine malignant mammary tumours can invade and give rise to metastases via either lymphatic or blood vessels.. E-Cadherin is specifically involved in epithelial cell-to-cell adhesion. In cancer, E-Cadherin underexpression is one of the alterations that characterizes the invasive phenotype and is considered a potent invasion/tumour suppressor gene. Partial or complete loss of E-Cadherin expression correlates with poor prognosis in canine malignant mammary cancer.. The aim of this study was to analyse the sLex expression in canine malignant mammary tumours and to evaluate if the presence of sLex correlates with the expression of E-Cadherin and with clinicopathological ...

Research into heat shock proteins (HSPs) for the clinical management of tumours has intensified as new evidence shows they can be used as biomarkers in carcinogenesis and are related to poor prognosis in some cancer types. Members of small HSP, HSP70 and HSP90 families have been studied extensively in breast cancer. This article reviews current understanding of the role of HSP and HSF-1 (Heat shock factor 1) expression in human breast cancer and looks at its potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value. The exciting progress that has been made using HSP 90 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment is examined and the results of preliminary studies on the expression of stress proteins in the animal model canine mammary tumours are also presented.

Dogs develop spontaneous cancers as humans and shares a variety of features including histology, genomic alterations, molecular targets, biological behavior and response to conventional therapies. Although dogs can be considered good models for translation of new cancer treatments, there is a lack of established preclinical in vitro models of canine cancers. Therefore, our aim here was to establish two canine mammary cancer cell lines and characterize their transcriptomic profile to speed the translation of new cancer treatments from dogs to humans. Mammary cancer samples were obtained from female dogs that underwent surgery. Pieces of the tumors were FFPE for histopathology and the other fragments were washed with PBS, minced and dissociated with hyaluronidase and collagenase. Cells were filtered and put in culture with DMEM-F12, 5%FBS and 1% pen-strep. After 5 passages, FBS was increased to 10%. After passage 15, cells were characterized for doubling time, karyotype, immunocytochemistry for ...

Introduction: The PI3K-AMPK / Akt / mTOR signaling pathways are the most important signaling pathways involved in the angiogenesis process, which is regulated by numerous factors, being the most important the hypoxia-inducible factor - 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Metformin, the prescribed drug for patients with metabolic syndrome, has been suggested as a new therapeutic agent with potential anti-neoplastic action capable to inhibit cell growth by AMPK signaling pathway. In the same way, the LY294002, an important inhibitor of PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathway, has anti- angiogenic properties able to decrease the release of growth factors, such as VEGF. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with metformin and LY294002 in angiogenesis process. Methods: Canine mammary tumor cell line ER-positive (CMT-U229) was cultured in HAM-F12 culture medium, at 37°C in 5% CO2. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after ...

If the mammary tumor is malignant, the surgical site and regional lymph nodes should be checked for local tumor recurrence and metastasis, respectively, every 3 months for the first 12 months after surgery and then every 6 months thereafter. Abdominal ultrasound and chest radiographs are also recommended every 3-6 months to assess for evidence of metastatic disease.. In dogs, there are a number of factors that influence the prognosis following surgery. These prognostic factors include tumor size, clinical stage (how far the cancer has spread in the body), tumor type and grade, and various other pathologic changes seen in the tumor tissue. Benign tumors are cured by surgery, although the development of new mammary tumors (both benign and malignant) is possible. There is a poorer prognosis with malignant mammary tumors and it also depends on what type of cancer. In dogs, the size of malignant mammary tumors is an important consideration when determining prognosis, both for local tumor recurrence ...

Scientific Experts, Species, Research Grants, Research Topics, Publications, Genomes and Genes about experimental mammary neoplasms

Osteosarcomas, malignant mammary tumours, and insulinomas are life-threatening tumours that occur in dogs and humans. Despite current multimodal treatment protocols, the prognosis for these tumours is poor. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in therapy resistance. Previously we have identified CSCs in canine mammary tumours and osteosarcomas. Additionally, we have identified CSCs in both human and canine insulinomas.. Recently it has been demonstrated that cancer cells release cell membrane-encapsulated particles containing regulatory molecules. These particles are known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and they have crucial roles in cancer development and spread. Studies have revealed that CSCs release more EVs than the bulk of cancer cells and it has been demonstrated that EVs from CSCs can be transferred to less malignant cancer cells and stimulate their growth, survival and spread.. We have successfully isolated and characterised EVs from the conditioned media of canine and human ...

Mammary Tumor - Fast growing masses, most commonly in females. Mammary tumors form on the stomach, chest, groin, or armpit areas. They are fast growing and take the blood and nutrients from a rat, causing them to become skinny. Mammary tumors are so common that nearly all rats will get at least one in their lifetime.. Surgical removal is a great option for rats that arent too old and are still in good health. This is a good way to extend the life of your rat, although more tumors can always grow. The second option is to let your rat live the remainder of their life with the tumor. You will need to take them to a vet to be euthanized if your rat becomes lethargic, has a difficult time walking, or if painful wounds form on the tumor.. The best way to avoid mammary tumors are proper breeding or getting your female rats spayed.. ...

The following short communications and posters received an award (free registration at one of the next three forthcoming congresses + gala dinner) by the Scientific Committee of the 20th EVSSAR Congress:. Relationship between general and type 2 parvovirus-specific passive immune transfer in puppies by Hanna Mila, best scientific oral presentation.. In vitro study of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-modified Chitosan to deliver a transgene to spermatogonia cells: a potential use for male contraception by Chatwalee Boonthum, and. Sperm abnormalities do not compromise sperm fertilizing potential and embryo development after ICSI in the domestic cat by Sylwia Prochowska, best student oral presentations.. Obesity and canine mammary tumours: correlations between BCS, adiponectin expression, clinical pathological features and overall survival by Matteo Tesi, best scientific poster.. Comparison of the characteristics of chinchillas epidydimal semen after collection, storage at 5oC and ...

Knight JF, Sung VYC, Kuzmin E, Couzens AL, de Verteuil DA, Ratcliffe CDH, Coelho PP, Johnson RM, Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Gruosso T, Smith HW, Lee W, Saleh SM, Zuo D, Zhao H, Guiot MC, Davis RR, Gregg JP, Moraes C, Gingras AC, Park M. KIBRA (WWC1) Is a Metastasis Suppressor Gene Affected by Chromosome 5q Loss in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Rep. 2018 03 20; 22(12):3191-3205 ...

Archival paraffin embedded material was used to examine whether additional quantitative criteria would be helpful to discriminate between histologically benign and malignant rat mammary tumours. To this end nuclear DNA content expressed as DNA ploidy index (DI) was measured using flow cytometry (FCM). A total of 63 benign and malignant mammary tumours were investigated. Thirteen out of 38 (34%) mammary carcinomas were DNA aneuploid against 0 out of 25 benign mammary tumours. Aneuploidy was not significantly increased in tumours showing histological signs of greater malignancy such as cribriform-comedo type or invasive growth. In addition to DI other quantitative criteria indicative for malignancy, such as mitotic count and nuclear morphometric characteristics, were estimated in 24 benign and malignant tubulopapillary tumours, a category where the histological classification may be difficult. It appeared that five out of nine noninvasive tubulopapillary carcinomas and six out of seven invasive ...

Supplementary Components1. phenotypes equivalent compared to that of and gene, and and tumors also often contain mutations (11, 22, 23). Similarly, somatic mutations in are frequently found in mammary tumors that develop in and conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models (24, 25), and co-deletion AZD-3965 price or heterozygosity strongly accelerated mammary gland tumor development in all and models tested (26C30). Moreover, loss of p53 partially rescues the embryonic lethality and developmental defect caused by the knockout of each of the 3 genes (21, 31). The evidence indicates that inactivation of the p53 pathway may be a prerequisite for mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to survive the DNA damage and escape the producing cell cycle checkpoint following BRCA1/2 loss and perhaps also that of PALB2. Autophagy is an intracellular waste disposal and recycling process whereby damaged organelles and certain proteins are engulfed in double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) and delivered to lysosomes for ...

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been the subject of intense investigation due to their widespread deregulation in cancer and the prospect of developing targeted therapeutics against these proteins. The Ron RTK has been implicated in tumor aggressiveness and is a developing target for therapy, …

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Canine mammary gland tumors (cMGTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female canines and viewed as a suitable model for studying human breast cancers. Euphorbia royleana has been reported to have a variety of antitumor efficacies. We have prepared the crude extracts of E. royleana in ethanol and hexane solvents to evaluate the anti-tumor effects for cMGT in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that E. royleana could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation in cMGT cells. The suppression of tumor cell growth resulted from necrosis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, autophagy appears to play a critical role in E. royleana-mediated cell death by triggering cell apoptosis. The in vivo results also revealed that E. royleana treatment could reduce the size of solid tumors while exhibiting low toxicity in cMGT-bearing nude mice. The anti-tumor mechanisms of E. royleana were firstly verified to show it would cause autophagic cell death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in canine mammary tumor cells.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular homology and difference between spontaneous canine mammary cancer and human breast cancer. AU - Liu, Deli. AU - Xiong, Huan. AU - Ellis, Angela E.. AU - Northrup, Nicole C.. AU - Rodriguez, Carlos O.. AU - ORegan, Ruth M.. AU - Dalton, Stephen. AU - Zhao, Shaying. PY - 2014/7/31. Y1 - 2014/7/31. N2 - Spontaneously occurring canine mammary cancer represents an excellent model of human breast cancer, but is greatly understudied. To better use this valuable resource, we performed whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and/or high-density arrays on twelve canine mammary cancer cases, including seven simple carcinomas and four complex carcinomas. Canine simple carcinomas, which histologically match human breast carcinomas, harbor extensive genomic aberrations, many of which faithfully recapitulate key features of human breast cancer. Canine complex carcinomas, which are characterized by proliferation of both luminal and myoepithelial cells and are rare in ...

Historically, about 50 percent of mammary tumors in dogs were found to be malignant,[9] although taking into account tumor behavior, one study has estimated true malignancy in mammary tumors to be 21 to 22 percent.[6] Adenomas and fibroadenomas make up the benign types. Malignant mammary tumors are divided into sarcomas, carcinosarcomas, inflammatory carcinomas (usually anaplastic carcinomas), and carcinomas (including adenocarcinomas), which are the most common.[9] Inflammatory carcinomas describe tumors that are fast growing and have bruising, edema, and pain, and can also cause disseminated intravascular coagulation. They are the most malignant type of canine mammary tumor.[10] Malignant tumors are also subdivided histopathologically into those showing blood vessel wall invasion and those that do not. Without blood vessel wall invasion there is a better prognosis.[11] Dogs with noninvasive adenocarcinomas have an average survival time of two years, while dogs with invasive adenocarcinomas ...

Background: Progesterone receptors play a key role in the development of canine mammary tumours, and recent research has focussed on their possible value as therapeutic targets using antiprogestins. Cloning and sequencing of the progesterone receptor gene has shown that the receptor has two isoforms, A and B, transcribed from a single gene. Experimental studies in human breast cancer suggest that the differential expression of progesterone receptor isoforms has implications for hormone therapy responsiveness. This study examined the effects of the antiprogestin aglepristone on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B in mammary carcinomas in dogs treated with 20 mg/Kg of aglepristone (n = 22) or vehicle (n = 5) twice before surgery. Results: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples taken before and after treatment were used to analyse total progesterone receptor and both isoforms by RT-qPCR and Ki67 antigen labelling. Both total progesterone ...

Many tumors display intracellular heterogeneity, with subsets of cancer stem cells (CSC) that sustain tumor growth, recurrence, and therapy resistance. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) have been shown to support and regulate CSC function. Here we investigated the interactions between CSCs and CAFs in mammary gland tumors driven by combined activation of Wnt/{beta}-catenin and Hgf/Met signaling in mouse mammary epithelial cells. In this setting, CSCs secreted the hedgehog ligand SHH, which regulated CAFs via paracrine activation of Hedgehog signaling. CAFs subsequently secreted factors that promoted expansion and self-renewal of CSCs. In vivo treatment of tumors with the Hedgehog inhibitor vismodegib reduced CAF and CSC expansion, resulting in an overall delay of tumor formation. Our results identify a novel intracellular signaling module that synergistically regulates CAFs and CSCs. Targeting CAFs with Hedgehog inhibitors may offer a novel therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.. ...

Author(s): Jelesijević T, Jovanović M, Knežević Milijana, Aleksić-Kovačević Sanja. Keywords:dog, mammary gland, tumors, AgNOR. In this retrospective study, quantitative and qualitative analyses of argyrophil nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in 54 malignant and 18 benign canine mammary gland tumors were made. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mean number of AgNORs per cell between benign and malignant tumors (p,0.01). There was no significant difference in the mean number of AgNORs per cell between complex carcinomas, simple carcinomas and carcinomas in mixed tumors (p,0.05), as well as between adenomas and benign mixed tumors (p,0.05). Six different patterns of AgNOR distribution were observed. Types I, II, III and in only two cases, type IV, were observed in benign tumors, while all six types were observed in malignant tumors. The predominant types in malignant tumors were III, IV, V and VI. Cell types II, III and IV were predominant in malignant tumors with ...

Recent studies suggest that human tumors are generated from cancer cells with stem cell (SC) properties. Spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs contain a diversity of cells that like for human tumors suggest that certain canine tumors are also generated from cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs, like normal SCs, have the capacity for self-renewal as mammospheres in suspension cultures. To understand how cells with SC properties contribute to canine mammary gland tumor development and progression, comparative analysis between normal SCs and CSCs, obtained from the same individual, is essential. We have utilized the property of sphere formation to develop culture conditions for propagating stem/progenitor cells from canine normal and tumor tissue. We show that cells from dissociated mammospheres retain sphere reformation capacity for several serial passages and have the capacity to generate organoid structures ex situ. Utilizing various culture conditions for passaging SCs and CSCs, fibroblast growth factor 2

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In this study, using an in vivo model of spontaneous canine mammary adenocarcinoma, we report the first evidence that targeting of CD105, which has the highest expression on actively proliferating endothelial cells, could represent an effective strategy to image solid malignancies.. The observation that CD105 is weakly or not expressed on human breast cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, expands previous evidence demonstrating that neoplastic cells of solid tumors of different histotypes express negligible levels of CD105 (9, 10, 11, 12) . However, the strong expression of CD105 that we invariably found on endothelial cells, compared with breast cancer cells, suggested that CD105 may represent a useful target for in vivo imaging of breast cancer, regardless of its presence and level of expression on neoplastic cells.. The notion that endothelial cells actively proliferate in tumor blood vessels (14) and our demonstration that CD105 expression, contrary to that of CD31, is highest on rapidly ...

A mammary tumor is a tumor originating in the mammary gland. It is a common finding in older female dogs that are not spayed (the incidence rate is one in 4 in unspayed female dogs over the age of 4), but they are found in other animals as well. The mammary glands in dogs are associated with their nipples and extend from the underside of the chest to the groin on both sides of the midline. There are many differences between mammary tumors in animals and breast cancer in humans, including tumor type, malignancy, and treatment options. Mammary tumors can be small, simple nodules or large, aggressive, metastatic growths. With early detection and prompt treatment, even some of the more serious tumors can be successfully treated. There are multiple types of mammary tumors in dogs. Approximately 50% of all mammary tumors in dogs are benign, and the other 50% are malignant. The most common benign form of canine mammary tumors is actually a mixture of several different types of cells. For a single tumor ...

Development of safe and effective tumor-preventive treatments for high-risk patient populations and therapies for early-stage cancer remains a critical need in oncology. We have recently discovered compound with anticancer activity, Curaxin-137, which modulates several important signaling pathways involved in even the very early stages of cancer. In tumor cells, Curaxin-137 inhibits NF-κB- and HSF1-dependent transcription (prosurvival pathways) and activates p53 (a proapoptotic pathway) without inducing DNA damage. These effects result from chromatin trapping and inhibition of activity of the FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex by Curaxin-137. FACT has not been previously implicated in cancer, but we found that its subunits are overexpressed in breast cancer. On the basis of this background, we tested whether Curaxin-137 could suppress tumorigenesis in MMTV-neu transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop mammary carcinoma due to steroid receptor-regulated expression of the Her2 ...

RISK OF PRESENTING OVARIAN ALTERATIONS IN BITCHES WITH MAMMARY TUMORS. Riganti JG. Mammary tumors are one of the most common neoplasms presented in the bitch; in a large number of cases, hormonal receptors were demonstrated in neoplastic cells and, that the growth is hormone-dependent. Most of these hormones are produced in the ovary. This work was to evaluate the risk that a bitch with a mammary tumor also presents alterations in its ovaries. The morphologic condition of the ovaries from 200 bitches older than 7 years were studied. Of the 200, 50 had mammary tumors. The measure of risk and its significance level were analyzed. Of the bitches with mammary tumors, 20 (40%) presented ovarian alterations, mainly ovarian cystic and cyst adenoma. Only one ovarian alteration was noted in those animals that did not show mammary neoplasia. The risk = 16 (p ,0,01) and indicates that in a high percentage of bitches the ovarian alterations might be due to mammary tumors. Given that, those dogs that have ...

References. Allen S.W., Prasse K.W. & Mahaffey E.A. 1986. Cytologic differentiation of benign from malignant canine mammary tumors. Vet. Pathol. 23:649-655. [ Links ] Andrade A.L., Luvizotto M.C.R., Crusco S.E., Ferrari H.F. & Lopes R.A. 2008. Avaliação imunoistoquímica da expressão da glicoproteína-P em tumores de mama de cadelas tratadas com prednisona. Vet. Zootec. 15:75-84. [ Links ] Carvalho T.B. 2006. Neoplasia mamária em cadelas: caracterização histopatológica e expressão de proteínas de estresse (HSP 72). Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, p.2-35. [ Links ] Cassali G.D., Lavalle G.E., Ferreira E., Estrela-Lima E., De Nardi A.B., Ghever C., Sobral R.A., Amorim R.L., Oliveira L.O., Sueiro F.A.R., Beserra H.E.O., Bertagnolli A.C., Gamba C.O., Damasceno K.A., Campos C.B., Arujo M.R., Campos L.C., Monteiro L.N., Nunes F.C., Horta R.S., Reis D.C., Luvizotto M.C.R., Magalhães G.M., Raposo J.B., Ferreira A.M.R., Tanaka N.M., Grandi F., Ubukata ...

Metastasis, the spread of tumor cells from the primary site to lymph nodes and the distant organs is the most aggressive and specific feature of malignant cancer. The mechanisms by which malignant cells leave the primary tumor, invade lymphatics and metastasize are complex and interconnected being directly related to biological behavior of tumor. However, the lymphatic vasculature is often neglected. The aim of this study is to establish if there is a correlation between the peritumoral and intratumoral lymphatic vascular density and the presence of metastatic infiltration in sentinel lymph nodes of mammary gland tumor. Injecting the coloring solution in mammary gland tumor of nine female dogs it was noted the pattern of lymphatic vessels at the injection site, their density, size distribution area, their trajectory to the first lymph node. Also the status of the tumor draining lymph node was histological assessed. The architecture and density of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessels ...

Reports published over the past two decades support a growth-regulatory role for fatty acid metabolites and particularly for the arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids in the etiology of mammary carcinogenesis (95) . Feeding studies conducted in rodent models of mammary tumorigenesis showed that diets rich in linoleic acid, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and arachidonic acid precursor, stimulate mammary tumor growth induced by either MNU or DMBA (96, 97, 98, 99) . Conversely, dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, particularly fish oils, retarded mammary tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of animal tumor models (100) . Studies by Abou-El-Ela et al. (101) using the DMBA mammary gland tumor model found that mammary tissue of rats fed 20% menhaden oil produced lower levels of LTB4 and PGE2 compared with groups receiving 20% corn oil or primrose oil, supporting the theory that PGs and LTs may be involved in mammary carcinogenesis.. Additional evidence implicating ...

Medical Summary 12/08/16 17:20 BAR Keratoconjunctivitis sicc and pigmentary keratitis OU, clean AU, nndc OP 2-3/4 dental tartar PLN wnl H/L reg, grade 4/6 murmur, ssp, harsh BV sounds, no crackles or wheezes, actively coughing dry and non-productive ABD snp MSK amb x 4 Integ multiple mammary gland tumors 3-4 small onces cranially, one very large one caudally, no ectoparasites noted UG f/i Neuro a/a A:Heart murmur/cardiomegaly on CXR, suspect early congestive heart failure Coughing-r/o KC vs. other infection vs. secondary to heart disease Mammary gland masses Dry eye P:CXR 2 view-cardiomegaly, generalized bronchointerstitial pattern Lubricated eyes Start optimmune BID long-term Doxycyline 50 mg PO SID x 10 days (gave first dose this evening) Lasix 2 mg/kg IM (0.2 mL) Keep in medical for monitoring Re-evaluate tomorrow +/- continue lasix Recommend NH placement-needs echocardiogram of heart and surgery for removal of mammary gland tumors & spay Guarded ...

Background: Progesterone receptors play a key role in the development of canine mammary tumours, and recent research has focussed on their possible value as therapeutic targets using antiprogestins. Cloning and sequencing of the progesterone receptor gene has shown that the receptor has two isoforms, A and B, transcribed from a single gene. Experimental studies in human breast cancer suggest that the differential expression of progesterone receptor isoforms has implications for hormone therapy responsiveness. This study examined the effects of the antiprogestin aglepristone on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B in mammary carcinomas in dogs treated with 20 mg/Kg of aglepristone (n = 22) or vehicle (n = 5) twice before surgery. Results: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples taken before and after treatment were used to analyse total progesterone receptor and both isoforms by RT-qPCR and Ki67 antigen labelling. Both total progesterone ...

Baturin D, Alimova I, Anisimov V, Popovich I, Zabezhinski M, Provinciali M, Mancini R, Franceschi C. The effect of light regimen and melatonin on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice is related to a downregulation of HER-2/neu gene expression. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2001 Dec; 22(6): 441-447 ...

Researchers from the University Göttingen Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Chronix Biomedical have published a new study exploring the genetic hallmarks of canine mammary cancer. Appearing in the peer-reviewed journal ...

Now, Barbara Ranscht, Ph.D., and Robert Oshima, Ph.D., at Burnham have led a team that developed the first living model to study this proteins effect on tumor angiogenesis by creating a strain of mice that develops spontaneous mammary gland tumors in the absence of T-cadherin. Their results appeared March 1 in Cancer Research.. Evidence of T-cadherins role in vascularization has been somewhat controversial, explains Dr. Ranscht, senior author of the study, which includes Drs. Lionel Hebbard and Michèle Garlatti from the Burnham Institute as equally contributing first authors and Drs. Robert Cardiff and Lawrence Young as collaborators from the University of California, Davis. But our knockout model clearly shows that T-cadherin plays a role in promoting tumor vascularization, with implications for tumor growth and animal survival.. The tumor model developed in Dr. Ranschts laboratory shows that loss of T-cadherin slows down tumor growth and improves survival compared to controls where ...

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From BioPortfolio: Bromodomain Containing Protein 4 Protein HUNK1 or BRD4 Pipeline Review, H1 2017SummaryBromodomain Containing Protein 4 Protein HUNK1 or BRD4 pipeline Target con...

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Ranadive, K, Highlights of observations of the inbred icrc mouse susceptible to spontaneous breast cancer and leukemia. Abstr. (1971). Subject Strain Bibliography 1971. 1815 ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Spontaneous breast hematoma as a complication of anticoagulation therapy requiring angiography and embolization. AU - Dunlap, Robert. AU - Kisner, Carson. AU - Georgiades, Christos S.. AU - Demmert, Andrew. AU - Lyons, Gray R.. PY - 2021/1. Y1 - 2021/1. N2 - Spontaneous breast hematoma is a rare complication of therapeutic anticoagulation therapy with few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of spontaneous breast hematoma resulting in hypotension and symptomatic anemia. Angiography demonstrated multiple sites of hemorrhage within the breast, which was treated with gelatin sponge embolization. This case highlights the role of interventional radiology in the treatment of breast hematoma, as well as reviews the arterial vascular anatomy of the breast.. AB - Spontaneous breast hematoma is a rare complication of therapeutic anticoagulation therapy with few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of spontaneous breast hematoma resulting in hypotension and ...

Background: Feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are characterized by a high frequency of metastatic spread. The clinical TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system is used to describe local, regional, and distant tumor extent within the patient, but few publications confirmed its association with survival in cats with FMC. The purpose of this study was to determine if the histological staging system proposed for dogs in part 1 of this article had significant association with prognosis in cats. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 395 female cats with a surgically removed mammary carcinoma, with a 2-year follow-up. Invasiveness (distinction between in situ and invasive FMCs), the pathologic tumor size (pT), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and the pathologic nodal stage (pN) defined a 5-stage system: Stage 0 (FMCs in situ), Stage I (pT1, LVI-, pN0-pNX), Stage II (pT2, LVI-, pN0-pNX), Stage IIIA (pT1, LVI+ and/or pN+), and Stage IIIB (pT2, LVI+ and/or pN+), where pT1 was ≤20 mm, pT2 was |20

Hager, J C.; Spiegelman, S; Ramanarayanan, M; Bausch, J; Galletti, P M.; and Calabresi, P, Tumor-associated antigens produced by mouse mammary tumor cells in artificial capillary culture. (1982). Subject Strain Bibliography 1982. 985 ...

Metastasis is a major clinical challenge for cancer treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant epigenetic modifications contribute significantly to tumor formation and progression. However, the drivers and roles of such epigenetic changes in tumor metastasis are still poorly understood. Using bioinformatic analysis of human breast cancer gene-expression data sets, we identified histone demethylase RBP2 as a putative mediator of metastatic progression. By using both human breast cancer cells and genetically engineered mice, we demonstrated that RBP2 is critical for breast cancer metastasis to the lung in multiple in vivo models. Mechanistically, RBP2 promotes metastasis as a pleiotropic positive regulator of many metastasis genes, including TNC. In addition, RBP2 loss suppresses tumor formation in MMTV-neu transgenic mice. These results suggest that therapeutic targeting of RBP2 is a potential strategy for inhibition of tumor progression and metastasis. ...

How to Treat Mammary Disease in Intact Female Dogs. Mammary gland diseases can occur in female dogs who have not been spayed or were spayed after their second season. Mammary gland tumors can occur in the middle of or later in a female...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Immunohistochemical Reactivity of Basal and Luminal Epithelium-specific Cytokeratin Antibodies within Normal and Neoplastic Canine Mammary Glands. AU - Griffey, Stephen M. AU - Madewell, B. R.. AU - Dairkee, S. H.. AU - Hunt, J. E.. AU - Naydan, D. K.. AU - Higgins, Robert. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - Human basal epithelium (myoepithelium)-specific (312C8-1) and luminal epithelium-specific (13H5) cytokeratin antibodies were applied to frozen sections of normal canine mammary tissues (seven), benign adenomas and hyperplasias (five), mixed tumors (12), and adenocarcinomas (18) to determine if epithelial subsets could be discriminated by the use of an avidin biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical procedure. The 312C8-1 and 13H5 antibodies were consistently reactive with basal and luminal epithelium, respectively, in the normal mammary gland (7/7) and in benign adenomas and hyperplasias (5/5). Mixed mammary tumors had similar basal and luminal epithelial reactivity and also had ...

The RAC cell lines are derived from a mammary tumor induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Polygonal cells have retained many characteristics of epithelial cells and induce adenocarcinomas; cuboidal cells are poorly tumorigenic; and elongated cells produce highly malignant sarcoma-like tumors. MMTV proviral integrations, one of which has cis-activated the int-2 gene, demonstrated that the lines are clonal descendents from a single tumor cell. Polygonal cells have a high constitutive expression of MMTV and contain int-2 RNA. In contrast, the cuboidal and the elongated cells show no detectable expression of int-2, even in the presence of glucocorticoid hormone. Transcription of MMTV in these cells is also low but can be stimulated by dexamethasone, albeit to levels lower than in polygonal cells. Thus, expression of int-2 seems to be caused by an enhancing activity on the MMTV provirus which is not dependent on steroid hormone and is specific for mammary tumor cells with epithelial ...

Mutation and loss of function in p53 are common features among human breast cancers. Here we use BALB/c-Trp53+/- mice as a model to examine the sequence of events leading to mammary tumors. Mammary gland proliferation rates were similar in both BALB/c-Trp53+/- mice and wild-type controls. In addition, sporadic mammary hyperplasias were rare in BALB/c-Trp53+/- mice and not detectably different from those of wild-type controls. Among the 28 mammary tumors collected from BALB/c-Trp53+/- mice, loss of heterozygosity for Trp53 was detected in more than 90% of invasive mammary tumors. Transplantation of Trp53+/- ductal hyperplasias also indicated an association between loss of the wild-type allele of Trp53 and progression to invasive carcinomas. Therefore, loss of p53 function seems to be a rate-limiting step in progression. Moreover, expression of biomarkers such as estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, Her2/Neu, and activated Notch1 varied among mammary tumors, suggesting that multiple ...

Mouse mammary tumour virus-like (MMTV-like) is suspected to be involved in human breast cancer and it has been hypothesized that companion animals might have a role in viral transmission. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of MMTV-like nucleotide sequences and viral protein in a la …

Oncogenic activation of neu can occur through overexpression, point mutation, or deletion of the extracellular domain (7, 61). Similar to the murine MMTV-neu model of mammary tumorigenesis, in primary human breast cancers, the overexpression of ErbB-2 (64) and the recent identification of an in-frame deletion of a portion of the extracellular domain of ErbB-2 (62) suggest an important role for ErbB-2 in induction and progression of human breast tumors. The present studies identify for the first time the role of a rate-limiting component of the cell cycle in transformation by Neu in mammary adenocarcinoma cells in vivo. Cyclin D1 abundance and kinase activity were increased in mammary gland tumors from MMTV-neu and MMTV-NDL transgenic animals. The activating ECD mutations of Neu induced cyclin D1 promoter activity in MCF7 cells in a manner that corresponded well with their transforming capacity in Rat-1 cells (61). Cyclin D1 antisense inhibited neuT-induced transformation in a dose-dependent ...

Three murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV)-producing epithelial cell lines derived from murine mammary tumors were examined in order to identify the MuMTV-specific cell surface antigens and their distribution on the cell surface, to study the kinetics

Neoplasia, or cancer, is abnormal growth of tissue. Benign tumors tend to stay in one location and cause disease by altering the single tissue involved and compressing tissue around it. Malignant tumors tend to spread in the area from which they arise and to spread to distant tissues, causing widespread disease. Virtually all tumors are more common in aged than in young animals, with average reported age at time of diagnosis of about 10 years. For the tumor types described below, exact cause-and-effect relationship between gonadectomy and development of tumors is unknown.. Mammary neoplasia, or breast cancer, is a very common disorder of female dogs, with a reported incidence of 3.4%; this is most common tumor type in female dogs. Of female dogs with mammary tumors, 50.9% have malignant tumors. Risk factors for mammary neoplasia in female dogs include age, breed (Table 1), and sexually intact status. Multiple studies have documented that spaying bitches when young greatly decreases their risk of ...

Supplementary Materials http://advances. S7. Anti-MCSP functionalized EPAC specificity. Fig. S8. The ErbB3 appearance in EVs derived from melanoma individual (P1 to P10) and normal plasma (H1 to H5) samples, measured with a Azacitidine novel inhibtior commercial ELISA kit. Fig. S9. The anti-MCSP functionalized EPAC for tracking EV phenotypic changes of patients 18 to 23 during targeted therapies. Table S1. The anti-MCSP functionalized EPAC for measurements of plasma EVs from 12 healthy donors (H1 to H12) and 8 melanoma patients (P16 to P23). Table S2. Demographic data for melanoma patients and healthy donors. Abstract Monitoring targeted therapy in real time for cancer patients could provide vital information about the development of drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a encouraging malignancy biomarker, and EV phenotyping shows high potential B23 for monitoring treatment responses. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of ...

Replied on 04/19/2011 Was your dog spayed before her first heat? If so the chance of mammary cancer is almost zero. In an unspayed female each heat cycle increases a dogs chance of mammary cancer. If she is not spayed the chances of the tumor on her mammary chain being malignant (aggressive and invasive) is about 50%, meaning half of the tumors found in the mammary gland chain will spread to other locations in the body and invade deeply into local tissue. The mass on her shoulder may or may not be related to her mammary gland tumor. When mammary tumors spread it is usually to the lungs or the local lymph nodes. Without knowing what either tumor is it is impossible to comment on how long it will be until she has any effects of either mass. Very aggressive mammary tumors can cause quality of life problems in less than 6 months. Discuss a fine needle aspirate of the mass on her shoulder and chest radiographs with your veterinarian. An aspirate will let you know if the shoulder mass is related to ...

Also in human (MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231) mammary tumor cells lines, γ-tocotrienol induced apoptosis through induction of autophagy with evidences of the presence of relatively large increase in the accumulation of monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-labeled vacuoles, a marker of autophagosome formation(9). In neoplastic(gene modification) +SA(high malignance) mammary epithelial cells, treatment with 4 microM gamma-tocotrienol, a dose that inhibited +SA cell growth by more than 50% compared with that of untreated control cells, decreased intracellular levels of activated PI3K/Akt (anti-apoptosis and increased cell proliferation) pathway(10). On mouse (+SA) and human (MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231) mammary cancer cell lines, Combined γ-tocotrienol and SU11274 (Met inhibitor) treatment resulted in synergistic inhibition through reduction in Akt (multiple cellular processes) STAT1/5 (activator of transcription 1,5 )and NFκB(a transcription factor that has crucial roles in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation ...

Mice. All mice were inbred on an FVB background for more than 10 generations. WT FVB, MMTV PyVmT and MerTK-/- mice (67), originally referred to as MerKD, were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Mice were genotyped by PCR of genomic DNA as previously described(30). Female virgin mice were randomized into 2 groups: (a) 1 group that remained virgin, and (b) 1 group that was bred from 42 to 44 days of age with WT male mice. Pregnancies were timed according to identification of a vaginal semen plug, indicating 0.5 dpc. PyVmT primary mammary tumor cells harvested from MMTV PyVmT polyclonal tumors (previously described in ref. 68) were collected by trypsinization, suspended 1:1 in growth factor-reduced Matrigel, and 1 × 106 cells were injected into the inguinal mammary fat pads of 57- to 59-day-old virgin or pregnant (14.5-16.5 dpc) WT female mice. MMTV PyVmT mice were bred with MerTK-/- mice to generate MerTK+/+ PyVmT and MerTK-/- PyVmT mice. Mice were monitored daily for tumor formation by ...

Caloric Restriction and Exercise on Metabolic Disorders Piskunova TS, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Kovalenko IG, Poroshina TE, Semenchenko AV, Provinciali M, Re F, Franceschi C. Effect of metformin on life span and on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Exercise and diet, independent of weight.

LY294002 price The sole reproducible distinction among wild variety and NG2 null specimens was the lowered num ber of lesions obvious at early time points in the absence of NG2, reinforcing the conclusions acquired from your total mount staining. Progression of transplanted mammary tumors Donor MMTV PyMT tumor fragments were transplanted into mammary extra fat pad web sites in 4 month old female wild sort and NG2 null mice that didnt carry the MMTV PyMT transgene. In wild style mice, 50% of transplantation web-sites had detectable tumors at 40 days post implantation. In NG2 null mice, the time for 50% incidence was extended to 80 days. Comparable outcomes had been obtained in a 2nd experiment using two month previous recipient females. These changes in tumor latency concerning wild kind and NG2 null mice therefore mimic the differences in latency seen with spontaneous mammary tumor advancement. Progression of mammary tumors from cell lines The Py230 and Py8119 cell lines were the two derived ...

Many breast cancers occur in conjunction with overexpression of the ERBB2 oncogene (also known as HER-2 or Neu). Although gene amplification can lead to ERBB2 overexpression, some human cancers overexpress ERBB2 even without gene amplification. Zuo et al. noticed that a large percentage of older female mice heterozygous for a mutation in the Foxp3 gene (Foxp3sf/+) developed spontaneous cancers; about 60% of these were mammary carcinomas. Further, these mice showed increased susceptibility to developing mammary cancer in response to treatment with the carcinogen DMBA together with progesterone. Analysis of normal mammary epithelial tissue and mammary cancer cells microdissected from heterozygous mice revealed that the wild-type allele of Foxp3 was expressed in the former and silenced in the latter, which also showed increased ErbB2 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that a Foxp3 fusion protein, which decreased ErbB2 expression when transfected into a mouse mammary tumor ...

The role of stromelysin 3 in mammary cancer metastasis shall be analysed in chimeric associations in vivo and in vitro. Such chimeras are composed of mammary cancer cells and host cells, that do or do not express stromelysin 3. Its our purpose to find whether some host cells can be considered as targets for therapy ...

Mammary tumors occur in both dogs and cats, and are the most common tumor of female dogs. Risk for mammary tumors is very low for pets that are spayed before their first heat cycle (0.5% occurrence), but increase to 8% occurrence in pets spayed after their first heat cycle, and to 26% after two or more heat cycles.

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Splenic alterations during mammary tumorigenesis: Diverse effects on different immune parameters. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

In the inactive state, mammary gland tissue appears to consist of ducts only, separated by extensive fibrous and adipose connective tissue stroma. Adipose tissue is concentrated between lobules. ...

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