MZL is a rare type of malignant B-cell lymphoma. Because of the paucity of large clinical trials, the standard treatment for MZL is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of prognostic markers, treatments, and outcomes in a large cohort of 144 patients with MZL who were diagnosed at our institution between 2003 and 2010. Most of our patients (67%) were diagnosed with extranodal MZL, whereas splenic MZL (11%) was the rarest type. Patient with localized disease received radiotherapy and achieved high response rates (CR, 76%). Like in other indolent lymphomas,19 rituximab has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of MZL.20-22 However, a prospective randomized trial on this issue is still missing. In our cohort, among those who chose systemic therapy, 79% of patients with nodal MZL and 87% of patients with extranodal MZL received rituximab with or without chemotherapy. Because of the lack of prospective, randomized studies in MZL, the optimal ...

LGFL - Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma. Looking for abbreviations of LGFL? It is Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma. Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma listed as LGFL

Andrew Davies, MD:We can put this information from the blood test, the biopsy, the diagnostic PET [positron emission tomography] scan, and the bone marrow together to look at the scoring system that we use in follicular lymphoma.. For many years weve used the FLIPI score, the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, which uses 5 clinical variables. The FLIPI score was created in the era before rituximab and is somewhat difficult to calculate at times, because it does require the assessment of the number of nodal sites involved, which can be a little difficult to calculate. We now have the FLIPI2 score. This is a prospectively evaluative prognostic scoring system that uses 5 clinical variables to help us assign a risk assessment, for which there are 3 different categories for individual patients. They either fall into a high-, intermediate-, or low-risk group, each with distinct progression-free survival and overall survival, and validated in the era of rituximab.. Because this is ...

This is a Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center, Multi-national Trial to Evaluate the statistical equivalence of efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of SAIT101 Versus Rituximab as a First-line Immunotherapy Treatment in asymptomatic patients with Low Tumor Burden Follicular Lymphoma. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive study drug once a week for 4 weeks, and will then be followed up for up to 52 weeks after the first dose. Randomization will be stratified by inclusion in the PK/PD sub-population and Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index 2 (FLIPI-2) score.. Visits are scheduled at Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 (study drug infusion visits), and then at Weeks 5, 12, 20, 28, 36, and 52 (i.e., End of Study [EOS]). Efficacy response assessments will be performed at Weeks 12 and 28, while safety assessments will continue until EOS.. The primary objectives is To compare the efficacy of SAIT101 with rituximab licensed in the European Union (hereafter designated MabThera®, brand ...

Incorporating lymphopenia into the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) can improve prognostication, according to researchers.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Single-agent ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. T2 - A phase 2 consortium trial. AU - Bartlett, Nancy L.. AU - Costello, Brian. AU - LaPlant, Betsy R.. AU - Ansell, Stephen Maxted. AU - Kuruvilla, John G.. AU - Reeder, Craig B.. AU - Thye, Lim S.. AU - Anderson, Daniel M.. AU - Krysiak, Kilannin. AU - Ramirez, Cody. AU - Qi, Jing. AU - Siegel, Barry A.. AU - Griffith, Malachi. AU - Griffith, Obi L.. AU - Gomez, Felicia. AU - Fehniger, Todd A.. PY - 2018/1/11. Y1 - 2018/1/11. N2 - Most patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) experience multiple relapses necessitating subsequent lines of therapy. Ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor approved for the treatment of several B-cell malignancies, showed promising activity in FL in a phase 1 study. We report the results of a phase 2 trial evaluating ibrutinib in recurrent FL. Forty patients with recurrent FL were treated with ibrutinib 560 mg/d until progression or intolerance. The primary end point was ...

Follicular lymphoma is the most common form of low-grade NHL and the second most common type of lymphoma overall diagnosed in the United States. Most follicular lymphoma diagnoses occur in adults over the age of 60, with equal rates of occurrence in male and female individuals; this specific lymphoma is rare in young people.. Follicular lymphoma affects B-cell lymphocytes and is indolent, which means it grows very slowly. Like most lymphomas, follicular lymphoma usually begins in the lymph nodes. The cells can spread into the blood and bone marrow. Other internal organs, including the liver and spleen, may also be affected.. Because follicular lymphoma grows so slowly, doctors may not treat it right away and instead adopt a watchful waiting approach. Over time, some follicular lymphomas transform into an aggressive (fast-growing) diffuse B-cell type of lymphoma, so its important for people with follicular lymphoma to be monitored closely. Learn more about the several treatment options that ...

A collection of disease information resources and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma

A Study of Obinutuzumab, Rituximab, Polatuzumab Vedotin, and Venetoclax in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (FL) or Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

Idiotypic vaccination has already proved capable (in responding patients) of: biological efficacy, that is the capacity of inducing an idiotype- and tumor-specific immune response (Kwak LW et al. NEJM 1992); clinical efficacy, that is the capacity of inducing specific immune responses able to kill in vivo follicular lymphoma cells that had survived pre-vaccine chemotherapy (Bendandi M et al. Nature Med 1999): clinical benefit, that is the capacity of prolonging survival of responding patients (Inoges et al. JNCI 2006). Now, we want to test whether it is also capable of contributing to the ultimate goal of preventing relapse indefinitely in responding patients ...

Rituximab in Combination with Immunotherapy in Treating Patients with Grade 1-3A Recurrent and Refractory Follicular Lymphoma - NCT03636503

Tisagenlecleucel was found to elicit clinically meaningful activity in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma, meeting the phase 2 ELARA trials primary end point of complete response rate.

In an interview with Targeted Oncology, Nathan H. Fowler, MD, discussed the current research for the treatment landscape of relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma, including 3 clinical trials at MD Anderson that are currently accruing patients with this disease.

The genetic background of follicular lymphomas (FLs) diagnosed in advanced clinical stages III/IV, and which are frequently characterized by t(14;18), has been substantially unraveled. Molecular features, as exemplified in the clinicogenetic risk model m7FLIPI, are important tools in risk stratification. In contrast, little information is available concerning localized-stage FL (clinical stages I/II), which accounts for ∼20% of newly diagnosed FL in which the detection rate of t(14;18) is only ∼50%. To investigate the genetic background of localized-stage FL, patient cohorts with advanced-stage FL or localized-stage FL, uniformly treated within phase 3 trials of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group, were comparatively analyzed. Targeted gene expression (GE) profiling of 184 genes using nCounter technology was performed in 110 localized-stage and 556 advanced-stage FL patients. By penalized Cox regression, a prognostic GE signature could not be identified in patients with advanced-stage ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Follicular lymphoma with marginal zone differentiation. T2 - cytogenetic findings in support of a high-risk variant of follicular lymphoma. AU - Goodlad, J R. AU - Batstone, P J. AU - Hamilton, D. AU - Hollowood, K. PY - 2003/3. Y1 - 2003/3. N2 - AIMS: The pathogenesis and clinical significance of marginal zone differentiation in follicular lymphoma remains to be determined, although genetic alterations are likely to be important determinants of both. We therefore report the cytogenetic findings in three cases of follicular lymphoma with marginal zone differentiation studied by routine karyotyping and in-situ hybridization.METHODS AND RESULTS: The morphology and immunophenotype of each case was typical of follicular lymphoma displaying marginal zone differentiation. Karyotyping, performed on GTL-banded preparations of cell cultures derived from fresh lymph node tissue, revealed a complex karyotype in all three cases, including t(14;18)(q32;q21) and abnormalities associated with ...

MD Anderson News Release 05/31/2011. Landmark study of personalized therapy may lead to a flood of new agents. MD Anderson News Release 05/31/11. A lymphoma vaccine uniquely tailored for each patient extends disease-free survival by 14 months, with signs of an even better response for patients with a specific biological marker, a team led by scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reported today in the online version of Journal of Clinical Oncology.. The study continues to show that the vaccine increases the usual time until relapse for follicular lymphoma by about 14 months. Thats significant because most cancer drugs are approved on the basis of extending survival only a few months, said Larry Kwak, M.D., Ph.D., corresponding author of the study. Kwak, who invented the vaccine while at the National Cancer Institute, chairs MD Andersons Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma.. These results have the potential to usher in a new age of cancer vaccines, he said. I ...

LYON, France-The addition of interferon-alfa-2b (IFN, Intron A) to the usual CHVP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, teniposide, prednisone) extends survival in elderly patients with high-risk follicular lymphoma, Dr. Bertrand Coiffier said at the ASH meeting. 1

Those suffering from follicular lymphoma have become accustomed to bone marrow biopsies throughout their treatment so that doctors can monitor their responses.

Roche (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY) announced today that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Gazyva® (obinutuzumab) in combination with chemotherapy, followed by Gazyva alone in those who responded, for people with previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma (stage II bulky, III or IV). The approval is based on results from the phase III GALLIUM study, which showed superior progression-free survival (PFS) for patients who received this Gazyva-based regimen compared with those who received a Rituxan® (rituximab)-based regimen as an initial (first-line) therapy. Follicular lymphoma, the most common slow-growing (indolent) form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), is incurable and becomes harder to treat each time it returns.. Todays Gazyva approval is an important advance for the thousands of people diagnosed each year with follicular lymphoma who hope to delay disease progression for as long as possible, said Sandra Horning, MD, Roches Chief Medical Officer and Head of Global ...

December 21, 2015. Tags: Sabatini LabCancerGenetics + GenomicsProtein Function. CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (December 21, 2015) - A team of researchers from Whitehead Institute and Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) have identified in follicular lymphoma patient tumors mutations in the RRAGC gene that could serve as a biomarker to predict therapeutic response.. The research is reported online this week in the journal Nature Genetics.. One of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas, follicular lymphoma is characterized by uncontrolled growth and multiplication of the B cells of the immune system. Most patients experience slow disease progression marked by multiple relapses. However, some patients develop a more aggressive form, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To understand the genetic causes of follicular lymphoma, Whitehead and QMUL scientists analyzed the mutations found in patient tumors with multiple relapses of follicular lymphoma, without transformation to DLBCL. According to their work, one ...

To investigate the possible relatedness of the subpopulations that make up so-called biclonal lymphomas, we examined five bigenotypic and biphenotypic follicular lymphomas using DNA probes specific for the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation, which is a characteristic feature of these neoplasms. On Southern blot analysis, both subpopulations from four of five lymphomas contained comigrating t(14;18) DNA rearrangements, confirming the single cell origins for these neoplasms. No comigrating t(14;18) DNA rearrangements were observed in the fifth lymphoma, but nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned, breakpoint DNA showed identical t(14;18) crossovers in the two subpopulations. The migration differences of both the Ig and chromosome 18 DNA rearrangements were shown to result from somatically acquired mutations of the Ig genes from the fifth lymphoma. These studies indicate that Ig gene rearrangements and idiotope expression are not consistently stable clonal markers since they are subject to ...

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to Aliqopa® (copanlisib), an intravenously administered pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, for the treatment of adults with relapsed follicular lymphoma who have received at least two prior systemic therapies.. Follicular lymphoma is the most common indolent (slow-growing) form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL), which is a type of cancer originating in immune cells referred to as B-cells. Follicular lymphoma accounts for approximately one in five cases of NHL, and is considered incurable with standard treatment options. In the United States, it is estimated that more than 14,000 new cases of follicular lymphoma will be diagnosed in 2017.. Aliqopa inhibits several key cell-signaling pathways, including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, CXCR12 mediated chemotaxis of malignant B cells, and NFκB signaling in lymphoma cell lines leading to cancer cell death by apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of anthracyclines in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of follicular lymphoma. T2 - Retrospective study of the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi on 761 cases. AU - Rigacci, Luigi. AU - Federico, Massimo. AU - Martelli, Maurizio. AU - Zinzani, Pier Luigi. AU - Cavanna, Luigi. AU - Bellesi, Giampiero. AU - Merli, Francesco. AU - Alterini, Renato. AU - Petrucci, Maria Teresa. AU - Tani, Monica. AU - Liberati, Anna Marina. AU - Vitolo, Umberto. AU - Pavone, Vincenzo. AU - Cuneo, Antonio. AU - Chisesi, Teodoro. AU - Brugiatelli, Maura. PY - 2003/11. Y1 - 2003/11. N2 - In order to elucidate the role of anthracycline based combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of follicular lymphoma we conducted a retrospective study on a large series of patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of follicular lymphoma. The Italian lymphoma. intergroup (ILI) promoted a retrospective study of patients with follicular lymphoma treated in cooperative trials between 1985 ...

Adult patients with relapsed or refractory FL whose tumors are positive for an EZH2 mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test and who have received at least two prior systemic therapies.. Adult patients with relapsed or refractory FL who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options.. These indications were approved under accelerated approval with a priority review, based on overall response rate and duration of response in the companys Phase 2 clinical trial cohorts of FL patients with EZH2 mutations and wild-type EZH2. TAZVERIK received initial accelerated approval by FDA on January 23, 2020 for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 16 years and older with metastatic or locally advanced epithelioid sarcoma not eligible for complete resection.. We are very pleased to be able to offer TAZVERIK as a treatment option for relapsed or refractory FL patients, which is the culmination of many years of work by our team, said Dr. Shefali Agarwal, chief medical officer of ...

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has announced today that it is not recommending idelalisib for people with follicular lymphoma that has not responded (refractory) to two previous courses of treatment. People who were already being treated with idelalisib before the NICE guidance was published can continue with their treatment.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent tumor of the lymphatic system, which may often remain inactive for years before undergoing transformation into an aggressive tumor.

The similar efficacy of R2 to rituximab-chemotherapy, however, positions this novel immunomodulatory approach as a plausible new first-line option for patients with follicular lymphoma requiring treatment, Dr. Fowler said at the 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting. The international open-label study compared the chemotherapy-free regimen with rituximab plus one of several chemotherapy choices. It is reportedly the first multicenter, international, open-label, randomized phase III trial of R2 vs rituximab-chemotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance in previously untreated patients with advanced follicular lymphoma requiring systemic treatment. RELEVANCE Details THE RELEVANCE trial enrolled 1,030 patients with primarily grade 1 or 2, high-tumor burden, newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma. Patients were randomized to receive rituximab-chemotherapy (regimen by physicians choice) or R2. The co-primary endpoint was complete remission and complete remission unconfirmed at 120 weeks as well as ...

And Drug Administration approved Gazyva® in conjunction with chemotherapy, followed closely by Gazyva alone in people that reacted, for individuals who have previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma, probably the most frequent slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is incurable and becomes even tougher to take care of everytime that it returns.. Nows Gazyva acceptance is a significant progress for the 1000s of We are pleased we are now able to offer patients using this blood cancer a first treatment option shown to boost up on Rituxan, the quality of maintenance within this setting for at least a decade ago. The GALLIUM study revealed the Gazyva-based regimen Considerably Reduced the probability of disorder worsening or passing in comparison with your Rituxan-based regimen by 28 percent. The most typical Grade 3 5 sideeffects detected frequently from the Gazyva arm ended up non white blood cell count, and extract reactions, low blood cell count together with ...

The Young Oncologists Journal Club, an initiative from the European Society from Medical Oncology. Read the latest article on gastrointestinal cancer.

TY - JOUR. T1 - A phase 2 trial of CHOP chemotherapy followed by tositumomab/iodine I 131 tositumomab for previously untreated follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. T2 - Southwest Oncology Group Protocol S9911. AU - Press, Oliver W.. AU - Unger, Joseph M.. AU - Braziel, Rita M.. AU - Maloney, David G.. AU - Miller, Thomas P. AU - LeBlanc, Michael. AU - Gaynor, Ellen R.. AU - Rivkin, Saul E.. AU - Fisher, Richard I.. PY - 2003/9/1. Y1 - 2003/9/1. N2 - Advanced follicular lymphoma is incurable with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) conducted a phase 2 trial (S9911) of a novel regimen consisting of 6 cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy followed 4 to 8 weeks later by tositumomab/iodine I 131 tositumomab (anti-CD20 antibody) in 90 eligible patients with previously untreated, advanced stage follicular lymphoma. Treatment was well tolerated. Reversible myelosuppression was the main adverse event and was more ...

The full indication for the approval is for adults with relapsed follicular lymphoma who have received at least 2 previous systemic therapy treatments.. Copanlisib has also been granted Priority Review designation and Orphan Drug Designation.. Zydelig (idelalisib) - the first-in-class PI3k inhibitor - is approved for relapsed follicular lymphoma and also chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, but saw its commercial prospects scuppered a year ago after reports of serious side effects, and some deaths, in clinical trials involving treatment-naïve lymphoma and leukaemia patients. Therapies need to be both effective and tolerable, said Anas Younes, MD, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, in a press release. The study evaluated the number of patients experiencing partial or complete shrinkage of their tumors after treatment.. Accelerated Approval was granted to Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Aliqopa (copanlisib) today for the treatment of follicular lymphoma.. Aliqopa received an ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Significance of MUM-1/IRF4 protein expression in follicular lymphoma. AU - Huo, Ying Ying. AU - Pan, Yi. AU - Guan, Bing Xin. AU - Fang, Ai Ju. AU - Sun, Bao Cun. AU - Zhou, Geng Yin. AU - Fu, Kai. AU - Meng, Bin. PY - 2011/8/8. Y1 - 2011/8/8. N2 - Objective To study the expression of MUM-1/IRF4 and its significance in follicular lymphoma. Methods Ninety-eight cases of follicular lymphoma were enrolled into the study. They were graded according to the 2008 WHO criteria. The expression of MUM-1/IRF4 protein and other markers (CDlO, bcl-6, bcl-2 and Ki-67) was studied using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Results Amongst the 98 cases studied, there were 24 grade 1 cases, 30 grade 2 cases, 26 grade 3A cases and 18 were grade 3B cases. The rates of expression of MUM-1/IRF4, CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2 and Ki-67 ( ≥25% ) were 39. 8% ( 39/98 ) , 62.2% ( 61/98 ) , 80.6% ( 79/98 ) , 87.8% ( 86/98 ) and 50.0% ( 49/98 ) , respectively. MUM-1/IRF4 predominantly expressed in high-grade ...

Do You Have Follicular Lymphoma? Join friendly people sharing true stories in the I Have Follicular Lymphoma group. Find forums, advice and chat with groups who share this life experience. A Follicular Lymphoma anonymous support group with informatio...

90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan followed by reduced-intensity conditioning and allo-SCT in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2011 Dec; 46(12):1503-9 ...

TrendTerms displays relevant terms of the abstract of this publication and related documents on a map. The terms and their relations were extracted from ZORA using word statistics. Their timelines are taken from ZORA as well. The bubble size of a term is proportional to the number of documents where the term occurs. Red, orange, yellow and green colors are used for terms that occur in the current document; red indicates high interlinkedness of a term with other terms, orange, yellow and green decreasing interlinkedness. Blue is used for terms that have a relation with the terms in this document, but occur in other documents ...

A pooled analysis of three prospective trials showed that post-induction therapy PET-CT scans are highly predictive of progression-free and overall survival in follicular lymphoma patients.

Phase 2 data show that continuation of Brutons tyrosine kinase treatment with acalabrutinib may represent a viable treatment strategy in patients with CLL who have become intolerant to ibrutinib and whose disease has progressed.

Written by: Andrew Kowalski, PharmD and Osama Abdelghany, PharmD, MHA, BCOPDownload Here Description of PQI: There are a number of treatment options for

The genesis of human follicular lymphoma (FL) is a multistep process. The initial event is thought to be the chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) juxtaposing the bcl-2 proto-oncogene with the immunoglobulin (Ig) H chain locus joining segment (JH) as an error of D-J or V-D joining in the pre-B cell. However, FL is recognized clinically as a tumor of surface Ig (sIg)-positive B cells with morphologic and phenotypic similarities to the centrocyte of the secondary immune response. Thus, additional steps must be involved in the clonal expansion of the FL tumor cell beyond the activation of bcl-2 as a consequence of the t(14;18) translocation. Like the normal centrocyte, somatic mutations accumulate in the variable (V) genes of FL tumor B cells. To determine if clonal expansion of FL occurs before or after the development of the malignant follicle, we sought to examine the evolution of the FL V gene from its unmutated germline (GL) counterpart. To obtain the GL gene we first cloned the ...

Clinical trial for Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma , A Study Comparing Obinutuzumab and BGB-3111 Versus Obinutuzumab Alone in Treating R/R Follicular Lymphoma

CALGB 50901: A Phase II Trial of Ofatumumab (CALGB IND #112390) in Previously Untreated Follicular Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL) The Weill Cornell Lymphoma Program is now enrolling people in a new clinical trial for patients with follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Dr. Peter Martin is the physician leading the study at Weill Cornell. For more information about the…

Gazyva plus Revlimid seems to be a promising treatment for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, according to the results of a clinical trial.

For patients with Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma, second-line therapies are often successful in providing another remission.

This FLIPI calculator for follicular lymphoma stratifies survival rate in patients diagnosed with follicular lymphoma and certain adverse outcome factors.

http://youtu.be/8eMuVGoC4cg Blood cancer is the fifth-highest cause of cancer death worldwide, and lymphoma is one of its most prevalent forms. Follicular lymphoma is the most common slow-growing form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with more than 75,000 people diagnosed annually worldwide. With follicular lymphoma, 8 out of 10 people are diagnosed at advanced stages. This video takes you through the patients journey, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment approaches, remission and relapses. To learn more about lymphoma, visit http://www.roche.com/research_and_development/what_we_are_working_on/roche-in-haematology.htm. Subscribe to our YouTube channel now: https://www.youtube.com/user/roche?sub_confirmation=1 Get in touch with us: https://www.roche.com/ https://www.facebook.com/RocheCareers https://www.linkedin.com/company/roche https://twitter.com/roche Roche has been committed to improving lives since the company was founded in 1896 in Basel, Switzerland. Today, Roche creates innovative medicines ...

Evidence-based recommendations on rituximab (MabThera) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory stage III or IV follicular non-Hodgkins lymphoma

Clinical trial for follicular lymphoma | Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | Lymphoma , ME-401 in Subjects With Follicular Lymphoma After Failure of Two or More Prior Therapies (TIDAL)

TY - JOUR. T1 - A novel t(2;6)(p12;q23) appearing during transformation of follicular lymphoma with t(18;22)(q21;q11) to diffuse large cell lymphoma. AU - Yamamoto, Katsuya. AU - Okamura, Atsuo. AU - Minagawa, Kentaro. AU - Yakushijin, Kimikazu. AU - Urahama, Norinaga. AU - Gomyo, Hiroshi. AU - Shimoyama, Manabu. AU - Itoh, Mitsuhiro. AU - Matsui, Toshimitsu. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2003/12. Y1 - 2003/12. N2 - Follicular lymphoma is characterized genetically by t(14;18)(q32;q21), whereas t(18;22)(q21;q11), a rare variant form of t(14;18), has been preferentially observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We describe here an unusual case of follicular lymphoma with a t(18;22)(q21;q11), that progressed to diffuse large cell lymphoma with a novel t(2;6)(p12;q23). Spectral karyotyping revealed that add(2)(p12) and add(6)(q23) were derived from a t(2;6)(p12;q23). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed rearrangements of the BCL2 gene ...

In 2000, Cerroni et al1 first reported primary cutaneous spindle-cell B-cell lymphoma as a rare variant of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma characterized by admixed centrocytes and centroblasts with spindle-shaped, elongated nuclei and in some foci a boomerang-like or spermatozoa-like morphology. Subsequently, studies reappraised this entity as a special subtype of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.3,5,6 Ries et al14 reported the only Bcl-6-negative spindle-cell B-cell lymphoma. However, that particular case was not fulfilling the criteria of Cerroni et al.1 The skin is most frequently affected, with 18 cases reported.1-6,8,11,13,14 The liver, vagina, and uterus were also affected in isolated cases.7,9,10 Primary cutaneous spindle-cell B-cell lymphoma shares several clinicopathologic features with primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma. It typically affects elderly people with no apparent sex difference. It usually presents as single or occasionally multiple lesions on the ...

Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology and Nutrition. †Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Childrens Medical Center. ‡Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital. §Department of Radiology. ,,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Connecticut Childrens Medical Center, Hartford. ¶University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT.. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Wael N. Sayej, MD, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology and Nutrition, Connecticut Childrens Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106 (e-mail: [email protected]).. Received 6 September, 2019. Accepted 6 November, 2019. The authors report no conflicts of interest.. ...

Frisco, Texas - US Bioservices, a specialty pharmacy that is a part of AmerisourceBergen, today announced that it has been selected by Verastem OncologyTM to dispense COPIKTRA™ (duvelisib) capsules. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved COPIKTRA™, an oral inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and the first approved dual inhibitor of PI3K-delta and PI3K-gamma, for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) after at least two prior therapies.. COPIKTRA also received accelerated approval for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) after at least two prior systemic therapies. The indication in FL is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.. Lymphoma is the most common blood cancer, ...

The latest results of clinical trials of more than 125 patients testing an investigational personalized cellular therapy known as CTL019 was recently presented by a University of Pennsylvania research team at the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. Highlights of the new trial results include a response rate of more than 90 percent among pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, and results from the first lymphoma trials testing the approach, including a 100 percent response rate among follicular lymphoma patients and 45 percent response rate among those with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Dr. Carl June, the research team leader, noted, We have now treated more than 125 patients in our trials of the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy CTL019, and with each patient, we learn more and more about the potential of this therapy. The personalized cellular therapy approach begins with patients own immune cells, collected through a procedure similar to dialysis. The ...

BACKGROUND: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent and second most common Non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma (NHL) in the Western world. Standard treatment usually includes rituximab and chemotherapy. High-dose therapy (HDT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an option for patients in advanced stages or for second-line therapy, leading to improved progression-free survival (PFS) rates. However, the impact of HDT and ASCT remains unclear, as there are hints of an increased risk of second cancers.. OBJECTIVES: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HDT plus ASCT with chemotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy in patients with FL with respect to overall survival (OS), PFS, treatment-related mortality (TRM), adverse events and secondary malignancies.. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE as well as conference proceedings from January 1985 to September 2011 for RCTs. Two review authors independently ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Validation of the MCL35 gene expression proliferation assay in randomized trials of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network. AU - Rauert-Wunderlich, Hilka. AU - Mottok, Anja. AU - Scott, David W.. AU - Rimsza, Lisa M.. AU - Ott, German. AU - Klapper, Wolfram. AU - Unterhalt, Michael. AU - Kluin-Nelemans, Hanneke C.. AU - Hermine, Olivier. AU - Hartmann, Sylvia. AU - Thorns, Christoph. AU - Rymkiewicz, Grzegorz. AU - Holte, Harald. AU - Dreyling, Martin. AU - Hoster, Eva. AU - Rosenwald, Andreas. N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Theodora Nedeva for excellent technical assistance. The work was partly supported by a National Cancer Institute Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures (SPECS II) grant (5U01CA157581-05). This work has been carried out with the help of the Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data of the University Hospital of W?rzburg and the Julius Maximilian University of W?rzburg (ibdw). The implementation of the ibdw has ...

HUTCHMED Initiates Phase II Registration Study of HMPL‑689 in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma and Marginal Zone Lymphoma in China — Single-arm study in ~180 patients, with ORR as primary endpoint — — Relapsed/refractory FL and MZL constitute approximately 25% of all NHL&n...

In follicular lymphoma, somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes facilitates the identification of different lymphoma cell clones, and the construction of genealogical trees. To analyze the dissemination of lymphoma cells, and the role of the bone marrow for disease progression, we simultaneously analyzed the somatic hypermutation patterns of lymph node and bone marrow specimens of three patients at onset and relapse. Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. Mutational pedigrees were constructed in a hierarchical order. Where direct transition of one mutation pattern into that of successor clones was not feasible, hypothetical predecessor clones were created, and a probability measurement calculation was introduced. Eighty-five sequenced clones were generated. The average mutation rates were 13,45% for the lymph nodes, and 9,78% for the bone marrows. Forty-two hypothetical predecessor clones were introduced into ...

Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.s Revlimid in combination with Roche Holding AGs Rituxan has been approved by the European Commission to treat the blood cancer follicular lymphoma.. Revlimid, or lenalidomide, in combination with rituximab is now approved in the EU to treat patients with follicular lymphoma who are either not responding to the current therapy or their cancer has returned following previous treatment, Bristol-Myers Squibb said in a Dec. 20 press release. Follicular lymphoma is a type of cancer that develops when the body makes abnormal versions of a type of white blood cell called B lymphocytes, or B cells, which help protect the body against bacteria or viruses by making proteins called antibodies.. The approval is based on a phase 3 study called Augment , which showed that the drug combination significantly improved progression-free survival in patients with follicular lymphoma. Progression-free survival refers to the length of time a patient lives without the disease worsening and is ...

Roche (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY) announced today that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Rituxan Hycela™ (rituximab and hyaluronidase human) for subcutaneous (under the skin) injection, for the treatment of adults with the following blood cancers: previously untreated and relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and previously untreated and previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This new treatment includes the same monoclonal antibody as intravenous Rituxan® (rituximab) in combination with hyaluronidase human, an enzyme that helps to deliver rituximab under the skin.. With todays approval of Rituxan Hycela, people with three of the most common blood cancers now have a new treatment option which provides efficacy comparable with intravenous Rituxan and can be delivered under the skin in minutes instead of hours through IV infusion, said Sandra Horning, MD, Roches Chief Medical Officer and Head ...

Clinical trial focusing on combined rituximab and lenalidomide treatment. Combined Rituximab and Lenalidomide Treatment for Untreated Patients With Follicular Lymphoma (RELEVANCE)

Will the current practice for first line treatment be changed by the GALLIUM study with obinutuzumab in FL patients? Sonali Smith

Roche has won European approval for cancer drug Gazyvaro as a treatment for some patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma, the most common type of indolent non-Hodgkins lymphoma. - News - PharmaTimes

Gene array studies on follicular lymphoma (FL) have associated non-malignant tumor-infiltrating immune cells with patient survival. We examined the role of such cells detectable by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray, focusing on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). These cells physiologically produce interferon-α, which has been used in the therapy of FL. High numbers of pDCs are associated with increased survival, and so are high numbers of CD3+ T cells. The regular distribution of pDCs within T cell areas is reflected by a weak but significant correlation between pDCs and T cells. However, in multivariate Cox models, CD123 proved to be an independent prognostic factor. These findings support the hypothesis of an association of pDCs with better prognosis by producing interferon. Furthermore, due to a linear relationship between pDCs and survival shown by means of Kaplan-Meier plots, immunohistochemical staining of CD123 could serve as a prognostic tool for patients with FL. ...

Read about the GALLIUM clinical trial of GAZYVA® (obinutuzumab) vs. rituximab product for first line follicular lymphoma. See important safety including Boxed Warnings for more information.

Follicular Lymphoma Treatment Market report categorizes the global market by Treatment Type (Radiation, Targeted Therapy, Chemotherapy And Others) by End User( Hospitals, Clinics And Speciality Centers And Cancer Research Institutes) and by Geography - Global Industry Insights, Trends, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2017-2025

In a new study, patients with follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Greensboro who received a vaccine made from their own cancer cells went more than 44 months before relapsing, compared to only 30.6 months for those who didnt get the vaccine. The vaccine trial was one of several studies from the new frontier of personalized medicine presented Sunday at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting, in Orlando, Fla.

Long-term follow-up of rituximab plus first-line mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, prednisolone and interferon-alpha as maintenance therapy in follicular lymphoma. Herold, Michael; Scholz, Christian; Rothmann, Frank; Hirt, Carsten; Lakner, Volker; Naumann, Ralph // Journal of Cancer Research & Clinical Oncology;Sep2015, Vol. 141 Issue 9, p1689 Purpose: The randomised, controlled OSHO#39 study showed promising results using first-line mitoxantrone, chlorambucil and prednisolone (MCP) chemotherapy plus rituximab in patients with advanced symptomatic follicular lymphoma (FL) in need of therapy. The aim of this long-term follow-up was to... ...

The most common adverse reactions (any grade) to idelalisib include neutropenia (50%), increased transaminases (50%), diarrhoea (38%), fever (32%), rash (24%) and pneumonitis (3%). These events can be serious (grade 3) in some cases and increased monitoring, dose interruption or treatment discontinuation may be needed.. In the indolent lymphoma trial there were 28 deaths. Most were related to disease progression (20 deaths). Other causes included pneumonia (3 patients), cardiac arrest, cardiac failure, splenic infarction, septic shock and pneumonitis (1 patient each).3. As elevated liver enzymes are so common, it is important to monitor alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and bilirubin fortnightly, at least for the first three months of treatment. Reactivation of hepatitis has occurred with idelalisib and all patients should be screened for hepatitis B and C before they start treatment. Close monitoring for toxicity is recommended if idelalisib is initiated in patients with severe ...

Background: The PRIMA study showed that 2 years of R-M therapy after immunochemotherapy as first line treatment of follicular lymphoma reduced the risk of disease progression compared to OBS (Salles et al, Lancet 2011). Per-protocol analyses showed that R-M did not adversely affect patient-reported quality of life.

The ICD-10 Code C82.45 is the code used for Foliclar lymph grade IIIb, nodes of ing rgn and lower limb .An alternative description for this code is Follicular lymphoma grade IIIb, lymph nodes of ...

This analysis of updated data from the GALLIUM study confirmed the findings of prior studies4,10,11 showing that early disease progression in patients with FL is associated with a poor prognosis. The proportion of POD24 patients surviving at two years after the 24-month landmark was 82.4% (although 26% of POD24 patients had died before the 2-year landmark), whereas for the noPOD24 group, the proportion surviving at this time point was 98.2%. Irrespective of treatment arm, patients who had PD in the 24 months after randomization were also much more likely to receive additional lymphoma therapy within three months of progression than patients who had PD later. By all of these measures, we confirm the adverse outlook associated with a POD24 event.. Treatment with G-chemo was associated with a marked reduction in the rate of POD24 events relative to R-chemo and these data therefore support the superiority of the G-chemo regimen seen in the GALLIUM primary analysis.9 Notably, there was little ...

Lymphoma refers to the cancer of lymphatic system, which affects the cells of the immune system known as lymphocytes resulting into abnormal multiplication and

This 2 stage study will compare the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of subcutaneous and intravenous MabThera (rituximab) in patients with follicular

By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA sequences were amplified that flank the crossover sites of a characteristic chromosomal translocation for follicular lymphomas, t(14;18)(q32;q21). This technique permitted the detection of cells carrying the t(14;18) hybrid DNA sequences at a dilution of 1:100,000. The remission marrow and blood samples of a patient with follicular lymphoma and the t(14;18) failed to show any abnormality by morphological examination and conventional Southern blot analysis. However, the t(14;18) hybrid DNA sequences were detected by the PCR technique. Thus, this technique is a highly sensitive tool to detect minimal residual cells carrying the t(14;18) and has the potential to identify a subpopulation of patients with subclinical disease. ...

Hello all. I wanted to come by and say that despite my husands rise in HDL level, the scan he had one week ago shows he is in complete remission! We saw the oncologist on Wednesday and he told us the wonderful news and we are over the moon! He wants him to keep his chemo port for now (he had it flushed on Wednesay) and he will see him with blood work in three months.. All this is so wonderful and we were flying high until 1 AM Thursday morning when he woke up with fever of 101 with aches, chills and sweats. He called the onc in the morning who told him to to go his GP and be tested for influenza. That test was negative. At that point his temp was down and stayed that way all day so we thought it was over but by Friday AM his fever was back to 100.4. He called the onc again who said he is in remission and there is really nothing else for them to do at this point and if it persists to go to his GP for blood work etc. Last night he had severe night sweats (3 shirts) in spite of taking a fever ...

Hello all. I wanted to come by and say that despite my husands rise in HDL level, the scan he had one week ago shows he is in complete remission! We saw the oncologist on Wednesday and he told us the wonderful news and we are over the moon! He wants him to keep his chemo port for now (he had it flushed on Wednesay) and he will see him with blood work in three months.. All this is so wonderful and we were flying high until 1 AM Thursday morning when he woke up with fever of 101 with aches, chills and sweats. He called the onc in the morning who told him to to go his GP and be tested for influenza. That test was negative. At that point his temp was down and stayed that way all day so we thought it was over but by Friday AM his fever was back to 100.4. He called the onc again who said he is in remission and there is really nothing else for them to do at this point and if it persists to go to his GP for blood work etc. Last night he had severe night sweats (3 shirts) in spite of taking a fever ...

Diagnosis Code C82.86 information, including descriptions, synonyms, code edits, diagnostic related groups, ICD-9 conversion and references to the diseases index.

Spectral library ---------------- Contains the raw .im3 images files necessary to build a spectral library, using inForm 2.4 (Akoya Biosciences) software. Each file contains the spectrum of a single fluorophore: • DAPI (nuclear) • 650 fluorophore signal for CD68 marker (membrane) • 570 fluorophore signal for CD21 marker (membrane) • 540 fluorophore signal for CD8 marker (membrane) • 690 fluorophore signal for PD1 marker (membrane) • 620 fluorophore signal for CD4 marker (membrane) • 520 fluorophore signal for FOXP3 (nuclear) • Auto-fluorescence Additional information provided in the dataset linked below.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved obinutuzumab in combination with chemotherapy, followed by obinutuzumab alone in those who responded, for people w

Diagnosis Code C82.87 information, including descriptions, synonyms, code edits, diagnostic related groups, ICD-9 conversion and references to the diseases index.

Free, official coding info for 2020 ICD-10-CM C82.9 - includes detailed rules, notes, synonyms, ICD-9-CM conversion, index and annotation crosswalks, DRG grouping and more.

Hi Gary c. Thanks for getting in touch with us.. Its natural to worry about any new symptoms that youre having, especially now that your maintenance treatment has stopped. You wouldnt be human if you didnt worry about your cancer coming back(relapsing).. As nurses on this type of platform we cant diagnose the reasons why youre having really bad back pain. We always advice that if anyone has new, persistent or worsening symptoms that its important that they contact their hospital team to let them know. This is so that you can be properly assessed, and your pain managed.. Best wishes and take care.. Ellen- Cancer Information Nurse Specialist. ...

OncologyPRO is the home of ESMOs educational & scientific resources, with exclusive content for ESMO members such as ESMOs Congresses webcasts,

We report a cytogenetically highly complex adult FL grade 2 case that transformed to B-ALL with a karyotype involving eleven chromosomes, a dicentric derivative derived from parts of chromosomes 17 and 18 leading to partial monosomy 17p including TSG TP53 and three yet unreported chromosomal aberrations: t(X;20)(p21.3;q11.2), t(3;20)(q26.2;q12) and dic(17;18)(p11.2;p11.2).. Dicentric chromosomes are normally considered to be instable during mitosis; an idea that was not supported by this and previous own studies [10]. The role of dicentric chromosomes in cancer [11, 12] is still a field to be studied in more detail in future.. FL is regarded as a distinct entity by virtue of its characteristic cellular composition of follicle center cells (centroblasts and centrocytes), uniform immunophenotype (CD10+), and common cytogenetic background displaying the translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) in most of the cases [13]. Since this primary immortalizing event does not render the cells malignant, it is ...

Conde L, Halperin E, Akers NK, Brown KM, Smedby KE, Rothman N, Nieters A, Slager SL, Brooks-Wilson A, Agana L, Riby J, Liu J, Adami HO, Darabi H, Hjalgrim H, Low HQ, Humphreys K, Melbye M, Chang ET, Glimelius B, Cozen W, Davis S, Hartge P, Morton LM, Schenk M, Wang SS, Armstrong B, Kricker A, Milliken S, Purdue MP, Vajdic CM, Boyle P, Lan Q, Zahm SH, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Butterbach K, Cocco P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, de Sanjosé S, Staines A, Spinelli JJ, Achenbach SJ, Call TG, Camp NJ, Glenn M, Caporaso NE, Cerhan JR, Cunningham JM, Goldin LR, Hanson CA, Kay NE, Lanasa MC, Leis JF, Marti GE, Rabe KG, Rassenti LZ, Spector LG, Strom SS, Vachon CM, Weinberg JB, Holly EA, Chanock S, Smith MT, Bracci PM, Skibola CF: Genome-wide association study of follicular lymphoma identifies a risk locus at 6p21.32. Nat Genet; 2010 Aug;42(8):661-4 ...

One of the major obstacles to optimizing the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies is low and heterogeneous antigen expression that (a) allows cells to evade the effective treatment, (b) induces the selection of low antigen cell, and (c) makes some antigenic targets resistant to antibody therapeutics. For example, the most successful anticancer antibody, rituximab, shows an inferior clinical response rate for lymphoma subtypes that have a relatively lower expression of CD20, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma, compared with highly responsive follicular lymphoma with higher CD20 expression, although it should be noted that other factors such as the differential expression of complement-inhibitory proteins (CD46, CD55, CD59) among these clinical subtypes might also affect the rituximab responsiveness (3). It has been shown that antigen expression is a critical factor of the efficacy of the anti-HER2 IgG1 trastuzumab (1, 2, 4, 33), for which treatment is restricted to ...

The Food and Drug Administration has approved the combination regimen of Revlimid plus Rituxan for use in patients with previously-treated follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma.

We currently have a pilot Phase II approved protocol for previously untreated Stage III or IV asymptomatic, non-bulky Follicular lymphoma, ready for execution and are designing additional protocols for FL utilizing total antigenic repertoire as well as novel neo-antigens.. ​. Proposed Principal Investigator:. Proposed PI: Dr. Sattva Neelapu, M.D., Anderson Cancer Center, TX, IND # 15639. Status: Active, Not recruiting patients ...

Background: Recent experience has suggested that there has been a stepwise improvement in the survival outcomes of patients who have follicular lymphoma with the introduction of new treatment options. In the current study, the authors report the results of 2 subsequent phase 2 trials of 238 previously untreated patients. METHODS: In a trial of bleomycin, epidoxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (BACOP) plus fludarabine, rnitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (FND), 144 patients received 2 BACOP treatments followed by 4 FND treatments. In a trial of BACOP plus fludarabine and rituximab (FR), 94 patients received 3 BACOP treatments followed by 4 FR treatments. RESULTS: The complete remission ,CR) rate for BACOP/FND was 62%. After a median follow-up of 60 months, the failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 4 years were 53% and 77%, respectively. The CR rate for BACOP/FR was 79%. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the FFS and OS rates at 4 years were 56% and ...

The allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy ALLO-501, paired with the monoclonal antibody ALLO-647, demonstrated clinical responses and manageable toxicity in patients with pretreated large B-cell and follicular lymphomas.

Medscape - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma dosing for Copiktra (duvelisib), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information.

What: Shares in Epizyme (NASDAQ:EPZM) surged higher by more than 30% earlier today after the company reported positive results from a trial studying its tazemetostat in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.. So What: Epizymes phase 1 results show that 60%, or 9 out of 15, patients taking tazemetostat responded to the treatment, with two of the nine patients enjoying an ongoing complete response.. Among those responding to treatment were five of nine patients with large B-cell lymphoma and three of five patients with follicular lymphoma.. Now What: Epizyme is a clinical-stage biotech company without any approved products on the market, so this is welcome news to investors. However, before investors get too excited they should remember that this is a phase 1 trial, not a phase 3 trial, and that tazemetostat may not show similar efficacy in future trials that are larger in size.. Investors should also bear in mind that there were five severe or life threatening adverse events observed in this early ...

In order to learn more about follicular lymphoma and anti-cancer vaccines, we are collecting samples from people with this diagnosis. We then hope to m

You might ask why your body doesnt just turn to mush when you take one of these drugs as it should release the death signal throughout mitochondria everywhere. It turns out though that cancers are addicted to BCL-2 in ways that most other cells are not. The inside of a cancer cell is not as friendly as other cells and they need some mechanism to protect themselves from the death signals they constantly receive. In follicular lymphoma, pieces from two chromosomes (14:18) break apart to ensure that too much BCL-2 is produced. In CLL the mechanism is less clear, but may involve genomic alterations in the 13q14 region (see my prior post on micro-RNAs). In either case, there is too much BCL-2 protecting the mitochondria, so no matter what death signal (i.e.. chemotherapy, immunotherapy, etc) you send to the cell, it survives ...