Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Its causative agent is the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a member of the family Arenaviridae. The name was coined by Charles Armstrong in 1934. The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine defines lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) as a viral infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and of the cerebrospinal fluid. The name is based on the tendency of an individual to have abnormally high levels of lymphocytes during infection. Choriomeningitis is cerebral meningitis in which there is marked cellular infiltration of the meninges, often with a lymphocytic infiltration of the choroid plexuses. There are several strains of LCM virus, among which the most widely used are LCMV Armstrong and LCMV Clone 13. Armstrong is the original virus strain which was isolated from the brain by Charles Armstrong in 1934. It triggers a ...

Isolates of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) that elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response (CTL+) have been compared with isolates that suppress the CTL response (CTL-) in an effort to map this phenotype. A single amino acid change in the glycoprotein of the LCMV Armstrong (ARM) strain is consistently associated with the CTL- trait and the ability of the virus to persist (P+). The CTL+ P- parental strain spontaneously gives rise to CTL- P+ variants within lymphoid tissues of mice persistently infected from birth. To map the structural basis of the phenotype, the complete RNA sequence of LCMV ARM 53b (CTL+) was compared with that of its variant ARM clone 13 (CTL-). Differences in 5 of 10,600 nucleotides were found. Three changes are noted in the large L RNA segment, and two are noted in the small S RNA segment. Only two of the changes distinguishing CTL+ from CTL- isolates affect amino acid coding: lysine to glutamine at amino acid 1079 of the polymerase protein, and phenylalanine to ...

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Arenaviridae (so named because of its appearance on electron microscopy, which resembles grains of sand). Other members of this family include Lassa virus and the Tacaribe group.

Analyses with segmental reassortants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) RNA have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are induced by and recognize proteins encoded by the viral short segment, which specifies two virus structural proteins, glycoprotein (GP) and nucleoprotein (NP). Expression of cDNA copies of these genes in vaccinia virus vectors demonstrates that C57BL/6 (H2bb) mice mount significant CTL responses to both GP and NP. We have used LCMV-specific H2bb-restricted CTL clones and a family of serial C-terminal truncations of the LCMV GP expressed in vaccinia virus to map the precise specificities of the anti-GP clones. Of the 18 CTL clones studied, 1 recognizes NP and the other 17 recognize GP. The reactivities of 14 of the 17 anti-GP CTL clones against the deleted GP molecules have been fully characterized, and two clear patterns of anti-GP activity have emerged, defining at least two CTL epitopes. The first epitope, recognized by only two of the clones, lies within GP ...

Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Comer, James A.; Nicholson, William L.; Peret, Teresa C.T.; Erdman, Dean D.; Bellini, William J.; Harcourt, Brian H.; Rota, Paul A.; Bhatnagar, Julu; Bowen, Michael D.; Erickson, Bobbie R.; McMullan, Laura K.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Paddock, Christopher D.; Zaki, Sherif R ...

We determined the prevalence of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) among small mammals in northern Italy and analyzed long-term dynamics of LCMV in a rodent population in the province of Trento. LCMV is circulating among the most widespread and common wild rodent species in this area (Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, and Microtus arvalis); overall prevalence is 6.8%. During 2000-2006, intensive monitoring of LCMV in a population of yellow-necked mice (A. flavicollis) showed a positive correlation between prevalence of infection and rodent density. At the individual level, weight and sex appeared to correlate with antibody prevalence, which suggests that horizontal transmission of LCMV occurs principally among heavier, older males and occurs during fighting. Isolation and genetic characterization of this virus will be the crucial next steps for a better understanding of its ecology.

Persistent infection of C3H/St mice with certain strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) causes a growth hormone (GH) deficiency syndrome (GHDS) manifested as growth retardation and hypoglycemia. Infected mice show high levels of viral replication in the GH-producing cells in the anterior pituitary leading to decreased synthesis of GH mRNA and protein despite the absence of detectable virus-induced cell structural damage. Virus clones isolated from the GHDS-negative LCMV WE strain can cause the disease, while others cannot. The genetic basis of this phenotypic difference is a nucleotide substitution resulting in a single amino acid difference in the viral glycoprotein. Reassortant studies indicate that the single amino acid substitution (Ser-153 to Phe) is sufficient to allow infection of the GH-producing cells and cause GHDS. These results show that a single change in the genome can affect viral pathogenicity by altering the tropism of the virus.

In Vivo Selection of a Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Variant That Affects Recognition of the GP33-43 Epitope by H-2Db but Not H-2Kb ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of Chronic Viral Infection on Epitope Selection, Cytokine Production, and Surface Phenotype of CD8 T Cells and the Role of IFN-γ Receptor in Immune Regulation. AU - Tewari, Kavita. AU - Sacha, Jonah. AU - Gao, Xiaoyan. AU - Suresh, M.. PY - 2004/2/1. Y1 - 2004/2/1. N2 - Regulation of CD8 T cell responses in chronic viral infections is not well understood. In this study, we have compared the CD8 T cell responses to immunodominant and subdominant epitopes during an acute and a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice. The epitope hierarchy of the primary CD8 T cell response was similar in acute and chronic LCMV infections. However, strikingly, the epitope hierarchy of the primary CD8 T cell response was conserved in the T cell memory only in an acute but not in a chronic LCMV infection. Interestingly, in an acute infection, increasing the viral dose caused significant changes in the epitope hierarchy of the LCMV-specific memory CD8 T cell pool, ...

THE interaction of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus with mouse tissues has been discussed recently1-5. The fulminating disease, which occurs in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation with LCM virus, can be ameliorated by several treatments known to impair the immune response of the host, such as X-rays6, amethopterin7, thymectomy8 and anti-lymphocyte serum9. The pathology of the disease10 supports the current view that an immune reaction by the host against the virus or a virus product, located in or on infected cells, plays an essential part in its pathogenesis. A similar mechanism may be important in the chronic autoimmune-like disease in virus carrier mice2,5. Further elucidation of this disease mechanism depends on understanding the nature of the immune response and its target. A question of considerable interest is what the consequences might be for virus infected cells in the event of an immune response against the virus or a virus product. Here we report preliminary experiments

Summary As shown previously, after inoculation into the footpad of a mouse the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LMC) virus multiplies locally. Beginning on day 6 or 7 after infection, the foot undergoes a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction which consists of two distinct phases that are mediated by CD8+ cells and CD4+ cells, respectively, and at about the same time the virus is eliminated. In general, for terminating infection of the mouse with LCM virus the CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressive T lymphocyte (CTL) is essential; we have now determined the cells that mediate control of the virus in a tissue undergoing a specific DTH reaction. Depletion, in infected mice, of all T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody prevented virus elimination from the foot, and the same was true when the CD8+ CTLs were removed. Depletion of the CD4+ helper/suppressor subset only marginally impaired the ability of the mice to rid themselves of the virus. The conclusion that here too the principal

The main reservoir of LCMV, which belongs to the arenaviruses, is the house mouse. Cells infected with LCMV express antigens and are recognised by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This lymphocyte activity also makes the blood-brain barrier permeable resulting in meninges and neurons being damaged. Infection of adult mice leads to choriomeningitis. In contrast, an intrauterine or neonatal infection generally causes an asymptomatic chronic carrier state in mice, with such animals forming immune complexes in the course of their lifetime that lead to glomerulonephritis. In guinea pigs and hamsters, LCMV infections often progress subclinically, however, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, respiratory symptoms, tremor, seizures and paralysis have been described. LCMV is transmitted diaplacentally and with all secretions and excretions. In humans, LCMV rarely leads to choriomeningitis; the infection is usually asymptomatic or shows mild, flu-like symptoms. An infection in the second part of pregnancy can cause severe ...

To establish if a correlation exists between the expansion of GP33-specific cells observed by flow cytometry and GP33-specific cytotoxicity, direct CTL assays were carried out using spleen cells from the mice described above. CTL activity mediated by antigen-specific CD8+ cells is usually difficult to measure at day 3 after infection since LCMV induces, at this early time point, strong NK cell activity that lyses both antigen-pulsed and unpulsed target cells. To circumvent this problem, direct CTL assays were carried out by adding a twofold excess of unlabeled NK-sensitive target cells (YAC-1 cells) to assay wells as cold-target competitors. Inclusion of cold YAC-1 cells abrogated lysis of chromium-labeled MC57 target cells by NK cells from the spleens of mice that had been injected 48 h previously with poly-IC (data not shown). No inhibition of antigen-specific CTLs was observed when YAC-1 cells were included as cold-target competitors in a direct CTL assay using spleen cells from mice that had ...

During chronic stimulation, CD8+ T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype characterized by expression of inhibitory receptors, down-modulation of effector function, and metabolic impairments. T cell exhaustion protects from excessive immunopathology but limits clearance of virus-infected or tumor cells. We transcriptionally profiled antigen-specific T cells from mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains that cause acute or chronic disease. T cell exhaustion during chronic infection was driven by high amounts of T cell receptor (TCR)-induced transcription factors IRF4, BATF, and NFATc1. These regulators promoted expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, and mediated impaired cellular metabolism. Furthermore, they repressed the expression of TCF1, a transcription factor required for memory T cell differentiation. Reducing IRF4 expression restored the functional and metabolic properties of antigen-specific T cells and promoted memory-like T cell development. These ...

Three clusters of organ transplant-associated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) transmissions have been identified in the United States; 9 of 10 recipients died. In February 2011, we identified a fourth cluster of organ transplant-associated LCMV infections. Diabetic ketoacidosis developed in the organ donor in December 2010; she died with generalized brain edema after a short hospitalization. Both kidneys, liver, and lung were transplanted to 4 recipients; in all 4, severe posttransplant illness developed; 2 recipients died. Through multiple diagnostic methods, we identified LCMV infection in all persons, including in at least 1 sample from the donor and 4 recipients by reverse transcription PCR, and sequences of a 396-bp fragment of the large segment of the virus from all 5 persons were identical. In this cluster, all recipients developed severe illness, but 2 survived. LCMV infection should be considered as a possible cause of severe posttransplant illness ...

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, inflammation of the meninges (membranes covering the central nervous system) and choroid plexus (an area of the brain that regulates the

(a) Schematic view of acute and chronic LCMV infections including virus and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) dynamics. (b) Representation of the CTL-induced immunop

Katrina Armstrong, MD, MSCE, a world-renowned investigator in the areas of medical decision-making, quality of care and cancer prevention and outcomes, has been selected as the MGHs next physician-in-chief of the MGH Department of Medicine. Armstrong will succeed internationally regarded physician-scientist Dennis Ausiello, MD, who has led the department since 1996.. Armstrong, who currently serves as chief of the Division of General Medicine and professor of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, will start in the new position April 15. We are at a time of unparalleled opportunity to advance science, education and clinical care to benefit our patients and our communities, says Armstrong. MGH is an extraordinary institution with a long tradition of leadership in internal medicine, and I am honored to become part of that tradition.. Armstrong is a graduate of Yale University and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ...

To date, everything written about Armstongs life and flights has been written from the outside looking in; Barbree is the only person whom Neil Armstrong trusted to share close personal details about his inspiring life story.. Working from his years of notes, and with the full cooperation of the Armstrong family, Barbree has written the definitive biography of Americas most famous astronaut and one of our greatest modern heroes. Much has already been written about Armstrong and the major players who helped him fly to the moon, but he wanted this book to emphasize his two passions-family and flight. Barbree and Armstrong discussed everything, from his two marriages and the death of his baby daughter, to his love of flying, the war years and of course, his time in space. The book, timed to coincide with the 45th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch and full of never-before-seen photos, includes many personal details that have never before been written, such as what Armstrong really felt when he ...

Armstrong was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant with seniority of 13 November, 1892.[1] He married Ethel M. Heath on 23 February, 1893 at Kensington.[2] He was appointed in command of the destroyer Lynx on 3 August, 1897.[3] On 15 October, 1897, Armstrong was tried at a Court Martial for negligently stranding Lynx while following Thrasher in dense fog off the Cornish coast. He was acquitted.[4][5][6][7] In September, 1902, Armstrong was credited with the cleaver capture of a pair of pirate dhows at Bussorah.[8] He was promoted to the rank of Commander dated 1 January, 1903.[9] After commanding Lively in the 1903 manoeuvres, Armstrong undertook a war course and a senior officers gunnery course and was then appointed to the second class protected cruiser Challenger on 3 May, 1904. Upon paying her off on 20 July, 1906, he was appointed to Hyacinth, to assume command, temporarily for one month from 20 December, 1906.[10] Armstrong was promoted to the rank of Captain on 31 December, 1908.[11] On ...

Armstrong was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant with seniority of 13 November, 1892.[1] He married Ethel M. Heath on 23 February, 1893 at Kensington.[2] He was appointed in command of the destroyer Lynx on 3 August, 1897.[3] On 15 October, 1897, Armstrong was tried at a Court Martial for negligently stranding Lynx and was acquitted.[4] In September, 1902, Armstrong was credited with the cleaver capture of a pair of pirate dhows at Bussorah.[5] He was promoted to the rank of Commander dated 1 January, 1903.[6] After commanding Lively in the 1903 manoeuvres, Armstrong undertook a war course and a senior officers gunnery course and was then appointed to the second class protected cruiser Challenger on 3 May, 1904. Upon paying her off on 20 July, 1906, he was appointed to Hyacinth, to assume command, temporarily for one month from 20 December, 1906.[7] Armstrong was promoted to the rank of Captain on 31 December, 1908.[8] On 12 February, 1910, he was appointed in command of the repair ship ...

In Fröhjahr 1998 kehr Lance Armstrong in den Radsport torüch. Intüschen bi dat amerikaansch Team US Postal Service ünner Verdrag, weer de Neeanfang tonächst nich spoodriek. Eerst in tweeten Anloop in Harvst vun dat glieker Johr kunn sück Lance Armstrong weer in Szene setten un keem bi de Vuelta a España sensationell den veerten Platz, de bit dorhen best Platzeeren vun den eenstigen Klassikerspezialisten bi en grooten Rundfohrt. 1999 wunn Armstrong eerstmals de Tour de France as ok veer eenzelt Deelstrecken. Up de Bargetappen un besünners in Tietfohren hett he sien Vörsprung immer wieder utbaut. Armstrong sien Sieg wurr weltwiet as dat „Comeback des Jahrhunderts fiert. Armstrong kunn sien Sieg bi de Tour in den Folgejohren 2000 bit 2005 wedderhalen. He hett sien gesamte Saisonplanung nipp un nau up de dree Week düernd Rundfohrt in Frankriek utricht, wat hüm woll de Kritik vun Expertensiet inbrocht hett, aber spoodriek weer. Neben bzw. in Rahmen vun sien Tour-Vörbereiten kunn ...

tags: hamster, PetSmart, lawsuit, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV, zoonosis Portrait of a murderer: A Siberian dwarf hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Orphaned image. I just learned that a lawsuit was recently filed in Massachusetts Superior Court on behalf of a man who died one month after receiving a transplanted liver that was later determined to be infected…. ...

Summary A quantal microassay for the titration of LCM virus strains is described. It is based on the detection of virus-specific complement-fixing antigen in the medium of infected L cell microcultures.

Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Japanese encephalitis virus (PubMed:24623090). Acts as a receptor for ebolavirus (PubMed:16051304). Acts as a receptor for SARS coronavirus/SARS-CoV (PubMed:16051304). Acts as a receptor for lassa virus and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (PubMed:22156524, PubMed:22673088 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Viral immune evasion due to persistence of activated T cells without effector function. AU - Zajac, Allan J.. AU - Blattman, Joseph N.. AU - Murali-Krishna, Kaja. AU - Sourdive, David J.D.. AU - Suresh, M.. AU - Altman, John D.. AU - Ahmed, Rafi. PY - 1998/12/1. Y1 - 1998/12/1. N2 - We examined the regulation of virus-specific CD8 T cell responses during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of mice. Our study shows that within the same persistently infected host, different mechanisms can operate to silence antiviral T cell responses; CD8 T cells specific to one dominant viral epitope were deleted, whereas CD8 T cells responding to another dominant epitope persisted indefinitely. These virus- specific CD8 T cells expressed activation markers (CD69(hi), CD44(hi), CD62L(lo)) and proliferated in vivo but were unable to elaborate any antiviral effector functions. This unresponsive phenotype was more pronounced under conditions of CD4 T cell deficiency, ...

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, or LCM, is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a member of the family Arenaviridae that was initially isolated in 1933. The primary host of LCMV is the common house mouse, Mus musculus. Infection in house mouse populations may vary by geographic location, though it is estimated that 5% of house mice throughout the United States carry LCMV and are able to transmit virus for the duration of their lives without showing any sign of illness. Other types of rodents, such as hamsters, are not the natural reservoirs but can become infected with LCMV from wild mice at the breeder, in the pet store, or home environment. Humans are more likely to contract LCMV from house mice, but infections from pet rodents have also been reported.. LCMV infections have been reported in Europe, the Americas, Australia, and Japan, and may occur wherever infected rodent hosts of the virus are found. The ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - 4-1BB signaling synergizes with programmed death ligand 1 blockade to augment CD8 T cell responses during chronic viral infection. AU - Vezys, Vaiva. AU - Penaloza-Macmaster, Pablo. AU - Barber, Daniel L.. AU - Ha, Sang Jun. AU - Konieczny, Bogumila. AU - Freeman, Gordon J.. AU - Mittler, Robert S.. AU - Ahmed, Rafi. PY - 2011/8/15. Y1 - 2011/8/15. N2 - Previous studies have identified the inhibitory role that the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway plays during chronic infection. Blockade of this pathway results in rescue of viral-specific CD8 T cells, as well as reduction of viral loads in mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We tested the effect of combining PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade with an agonistic regimen that induces 4-1BB costimulation during chronic LCMV infection. There is a boosting effect in the rescue of LCMV-specific CD8 T cell responses after dual treatment with PD-L1 blockade and 4-1BB agonistic Abs when the amount and timing ...

Persistent viral infections can interfere with FcγR-mediated antibody effector functions by excessive immune complex (IC) formation, resulting in resistance to therapeutic FcγR-dependent antibodies. We and others have previously demonstrated that mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are resistant to a wide range of depleting antibodies due to excessive IC formation. Here, we dissect the mechanisms by which two depleting antibodies overcome the obstacle of endogenous ICs and achieve efficient target cell depletion in persistently infected mice. Efficient antibody-mediated depletion during persistent LCMV infection required increased levels of antibody bound to target cells or use of afucosylated antibodies with increased affinity for FcγRs. Antibodies targeting the highly expressed CD90 antigen or overexpressed human CD20 efficiently depleted their target cells in naïve and persistently infected mice, whereas antibodies directed against less abundant ...

Jan. 2001-present SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS: 1 Beck,M.L., S.H. Butch, W.R. Armstrong, and H.A. Oberman. An Auto-antibody with U- Specificity in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis. Transfusion, 12:280:1972. 2. VanKirk,I.E., A.B. Simon, and W.R. Armstrong. Candida Myocarditis Causing Complete Heart Block. JAMA 25, Feb74, p.931-33. 3. Amistrong,W.R. and E.W. Catalano. The PAS Stain in Acute Leukemia - Increased Sensitivity with Diastase. Am.J.Clin.Path. 72:652, 1979. 4. Godder,K, Pati,AR, Abhyankar,SH, Lamb,LS, Armstrong,W and Henslee-Downey, J: De-novo Chronic Graft versus Host Disease Presenting as Hemolytic Anemia Following Partially Mismatched Related Donor Bone Marrow Transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 19:813-817, 1997. 5. Thurer,Robert L, Luban,N., AuBuchonjP, et al: Universal WBC Reduction. Letters to the Editor, Transfusion 40:751-2, June 2000. PRESENTATIONS: 1 Armstrong,W.R. Fibrous Histiocytic Neoplasms. Department of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Michigan, 4/73. M.R. Abell, MD, ...

Transfer of photosynthetic NADP+/NADPH recycling activity to a porous metal oxide for highly specific, electrochemically-driven organic synthesis. B. Siritanaratkul, C. F. Megarity, T. G. Roberts, T. O. M. Samuels, M. Winkler, J. H. Warner, T. Happe and F. A. Armstrong, Chem. Sci, 8, 4579-4586 (2017). Importance of the Active Site Canopy Residues in an O2-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenase. E. J. Brooke, R. M. Evans, S. T. A. Islam, G. M. Roberts, S. A. M. Wehlin, S. B. Carr, S. E. V. Phillips and F. A. Armstrong. Biochemistry 56, 132-142 (2017).. Electrochemical investigations of the mechanism of assembly of the active-Site H-cluster of [FeFe]-Hydrogenases. C. F. Megarity, J. Esselborn, S. V. Hexter, F. Wittkamp, U.-P. Apfel, T. Happe and F. A. Armstrong. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 138, 15227-15233 (2016).. Catalysis of solar hydrogen production by iron atoms on the surface of Fe-doped silicon carbide. Z. Wang and F. A. Armstrong. Catalysis Science and Technology, 6, 7038 - 7041 (2016).. Guiding Principles ...

Daniel W. Armstrong is the R.A. Welch Distinguished Professor of Chemistry & Biochemistry at the University of Texas at Arlington. His research has spanned a wide scope, including HPLC, GC, SFC, and seminal work in enantiomeric separations and ionic liquids. His theoretical contributions spanned pseudophase, ultrafast and modeling in separations. Most recently, Dr. Armstrong has been focused on MRR.. Dr. Armstrong has over 700 publications, including 32 book chapters, one book (Use of Ordered Media in Chemical Separations) and 33 patents. He has been names by the Scientific Citation Index as one of the worlds most highly cited scientists, and he has given ~ 580 invited/keynote/plenary lectures and colloquia worldwide. His work has been cited over 41,000 times and his Hirsch index is ~ 103 (G.S.).. Daniel Armstrong is considered the Father of micelle and cyclodextrin-based separations, he elucidated the first chiral recognition mechanism by cyclodextrins, he was the first to develop ...

AUSTIN, Texas (AP) - Lance Armstrong is facing more doping allegations just a few months after he thought he had finally put them to rest. Although federal investigators in February closed a two-year investigation without bringing criminal charges, the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency has filed new doping charges that could strip the seven-time Tour de France winner of his victories in cyclings premier race. Armstrong insists he is innocent. I have never doped, and, unlike many of my accusers, I have competed as an endurance athlete for 25 years with no spike in performance, passed more than 500 drug tests and never failed one, Armstrong said in a statement. Any fair consideration of these allegations has and will continue to vindicate me. The move by USADA immediately bans him from competing in triathlons, which he turned to after he retired from cycling last year. Armstrong has been dogged by doping allegations since his first Tour victory in 1999, but had hoped his fight to be viewed as a clean

The primary finding of this study was the emergence of a distinct A-to-G/U-to-C hypermutation pattern in the single-stranded RNA genome of LCMV both in cell culture and in the organs of infected mice. This pattern is probably due to unspecific deamination by ADAR1-L, which was found to be upregulated during infection of cells and mice with LCMV. Furthermore, these A-to-G mutations lead to a high percentage of nonfunctional viral protein, thereby weakening viral fitness.. The A-to-G hypermutation pattern observed in this study was most likely attributed to RNA editing and not to errors of the viral polymerase. The hypermutation pattern was not observed 2 days after infection in L929 cells. In mice at days 5 and 8 p.i., the dominance of A-to-G mutations is also reduced compared to that at day 4, which is consistent with lower ADAR1-L expression at these time points. Furthermore, although viral RNA polymerases lack 3′-to-5′ proofreading activity, they have never been reported to exhibit a ...

Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the initiation of T cell-mediated immune responses and may therefore be successfully used in antiviral and antitumor vaccination strategies. Because both strength and duration of an immune response determines the outcome of a vaccination protocol, we evaluated the life span of DC-induced antiviral CTL memory against systemic and peripheral challenge infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We found that expansion and activation of CTL by DC was transient. Protection against systemic LCMV infection after DC immunization was relatively long-lived (,60 days), whereas complete protection against peripheral infection via intracerebral infection or infection into the footpad with LCMV, where rapid recruitment of effector T cells to the site of infection and elimination of viral pathogen plays a major role, was short-lived (,30 days). Protective immunity was most efficiently restored by administration of antigenic peptides via DC, rather than in ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise the major antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the host, uniquely programmed to stimulate immunologically naïve T lymphocytes. Viruses that can target and disorder the...

Persistierende virale Infektionen wie z.B. Hepatitis C und HIV stellen wegen des Trägertums durch Tiere oder Menschen ein Virus-Reservoir dar, welches eine zunehmende Gesundheitsbedrohung bedeutet. Besonders im Bereich der Impfung, aber ebenso hinsichtlich Therapie der Infektion selbst und ihrer Langzeitkomplikationen, sind die Erfolge bescheiden oder unzureichend. Geläufige Konzepte und ...

JPT Peptide Technologies is a DIN ISO 9001:2015 certified and GCLP compliant integrated provider of innovative peptide based catalog products and custom services.

Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. We hypothesized that the liver, as a central metabolic hub, may orchestrate systemic metabolic changes during infection. We infected mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), performed RNA sequencing and proteomics of liver tissue, and integrated these data with serum metabolomics at different infection phases. Widespread reprogramming of liver metabolism occurred early after infection, correlating with type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Viral infection induced metabolic alterations of the liver that depended on the interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR1). Hepatocyte-intrinsic IFNAR1 repressed the transcription of metabolic genes, including Otc and Ass1, which encode urea cycle enzymes. This led to decreased arginine and increased ornithine concentrations in the circulation, resulting in suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and ameliorated liver ...

Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. We hypothesized that the liver, as a central metabolic hub, may orchestrate systemic metabolic changes during infection. We infected mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus …

Adoptive immunization of syngeneic, immunosuppressed recipients infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus causes fatal neurologic disease within 2 to 4 days of cell transfer, providing that donors are sampled when the in vitro 51Cr release assay shows maximal specific activity of sensitized thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). Prior treatment of immune spleen cells with AKR anti-θ ascitic fluid and complement causes total abrogation of this in vivo activity. Fatal neurologic disease is induced only when donor and recipient share at least one set of H-2 antigenic specificities. Parent → F1 and F1 → parent combinations are as effective as syngeneic systems, but mice given allogeneic immune cells survive as long as controls. Differences at the M-locus in H-2 compatible mice do not inhibit effector activity. Homing of transferred lymphocytes to spleen is similar in syngeneic or allogeneic recipients, but only syngeneic immune cells cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier ...

In a mouse colony in which lymphocytic choriomeningitis is endemic infection takes place either in utero or shortly after birth. Virus is discharged from infected mice with the nasal secretions and urine. In some mice the infection lasts for several months, and such carriers can transmit the disease to healthy mice by contact. The portal of entry appears to be the nasal mucosa rather than the gastrointestinal tract. Mice infected by contact show no definite symptoms while those infected in utero often do. The disease has persisted in the colony for at least 15 months without change in its character. Mouse stocks differ in their susceptibility to contact infection and the findings given in the paper could be reproduced only with a very susceptible stock. Wild mice (Mus musculus) can be infected by contact, although less easily than our white mice.. The source of the infection in the colony has not been determined. The fact that the serum of the caretaker neutralizes the virus indicates that he ...

We use simple mathematical models to examine the dynamics of primary and secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to viral infections. In particular, we are interested in conditions required to resolve the infection and to protect the host upon secondary challenge. While protection against reinfection is only effective in a restricted set of circumstances, we find that resolution of the primary infection requires persistence of CTL precursors (CTLp), as well as a fast rate of activation of the CTLp. Since these are commonly the defining characteristics of CTL memory, we propose that CTL memory may have evolved in order to clear the virus during primary challenge. W e show experimental data from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice, supporting our theory on CTL memory. We adapt our models to HIV and find that immune impairment during the primary phase of the infection may result in the failure to establish CTL memory which in turn leads to viral persistence. Based on our ...

PENSACOLA, Fla. - Top-ranked Armstrong Atlantic State advanced in penalty kicks, 6-5, past No. 19 Columbus State University on Friday afternooon, capturing the NCAA Division II Womens Soccer Southeast Region title and setting up a showdown with nationally-ranked No. 2 West Florida in the NCAA Quarterfinals on Sunday. The two teams played to a scoreless draw prior to PKs.. It was the first PK shootout win for Armstrong (19-1-2) in program history and keeps the Pirates drive towards a return trip to the Final Four alive. Columbus State (18-3-2) sees its season end on PKs in the NCAA Tournament for a third time in its history.. A tight defensive struggle between both teams generated just five shots between the two teams in the first half. The game opened up a little bit in the second half as each goalkeeper, Mary Mancin for Columbus State and Morgan Luckie for Armstrong, was called upon to make saves to preserve the shutout.. As time ran down in regulation, Columbus States Jackie Ellis had a ...

Legal documents and investigative reports can be deadly reading, but the U.S. Anti-Doping Agencys 202-page report released Wednesday documenting its case against former cyclist Lance Armstrong is as good as any spy novel.. The report was posted in its entirety on The New York Times website, and it was heralded as the most extensive, groundbreaking layout of Armstrongs alleged doping, bolstered by new interviews, financial statements and laboratory results.. Within the first 25 pages, the investigation details Lance Armstrongs alleged rendezvous with drug suppliers on Europes back roads, and saline IVs used before a drug test to mask results. Its juicy stuff, regardless of your pro- or anti-Lance views. It includes sworn statements from more than 24 witnesses, 15 professional cyclists, including 11 former Armstrong teammates and, adding more intrigue, an interview with a masseuse.. The USADA is the latest government agency to come after Armstrong, who has so far successfully fought off any ...

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Looking for online definition of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) in the Medical Dictionary? lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) explanation free. What is lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)? Meaning of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) medical term. What does lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) mean?

Looking for online definition of lymphocytic choriomeningitis in the Medical Dictionary? lymphocytic choriomeningitis explanation free. What is lymphocytic choriomeningitis? Meaning of lymphocytic choriomeningitis medical term. What does lymphocytic choriomeningitis mean?

To clarify the presence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in Spain, we examined blood and tissue specimens from 866 small mammals. LCMV RNA was detected in 3 of 694 wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the strains constitute a new evolutionary lineage. LCMV antibodies were detected in 4 of 10 rodent species tested.

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Henry Edward Armstrong FRS FRSE(Hon) (6 May 1848 - 13 July 1937) was an English chemist. Although Armstrong was active in many areas of scientific research, such as the chemistry of naphthalene derivatives, he is remembered today largely for his ideas and work on the teaching of science. Armstrongs acid is named for him. Armstrong was born the son of Richard Armstrong, a commission agent and importer, and Mary Ann Biddle. He lived most of his life in Lewisham, a suburb of London. After finishing school in 1864 at age 16, he spent a winter in Gibraltar, with a relative, for health reasons. In the spring of 1865, Armstrong returned to England and entered the Royal College of Chemistry in London, now the department of chemistry at Imperial College. Chemical training in those days was not lengthy, and at the age of 18 he was selected by Edward Frankland to assist in devising methods of determining organic impurities in sewage. Armstrong pursued further studies under Hermann Kolbe at Leipzig, ...

1 Bridget DWYER =Edward Palmer SEAMAN Marriage: 6 May 1842, Goulburn, , New South Wales, Australia 2 Mary A. SEAMAN 2 Sarah SEAMAN =Charles ARMSTRONG Marriage: 1864, Goulburn, , New South Wales, Australia 3 Mary A. ARMSTRONG =Joseph Edward HILLS Marriage: 1891, Crookwell, , New South Wales, Australia 3 Charles ARMSTRONG 3 Edward Palmer Seaman ARMSTRONG 3 Philip ARMSTRONG 3 Henry ARMSTRONG =Sarah MCPAUL Marriage: 1907, Goulburn, , New South Wales, Australia 3 Albina N. ARMSTRONG 3 Albert Edwin ARMSTRONG 3 Alice Adelaide ARMSTRONG 3 Oscar ARMSTRONG 3 Sydney ARMSTRONG 3 Florence Daisy G. ARMSTRONG 3 Beatrice Frances ARMSTRONG 2 Maria SEAMAN =Thomas Bradley WEEKS Marriage: 1867, Redbank, , NSW, AUS 3 Sidney E. WEEKS 3 Richard WEEKS =Ellen Emma G. BOYLE Marriage: 1891, Goulburn, , New South Wales, Australia 3 John Thomas WEEKS 3 Mary Anne WEEKS 3 Edward Seaman WEEKS =Mary May Elizabeth MCKENNA Marriage: 1900, Goulburn, , New South Wales, Australia 3 William Henry WEEKS 3 Robert Stanley WEEKS 3 Albert ...

Acute viral infections in humans and mice induce T lymphocyte responses which mediate viral clearance and result in the establishment of immunological memory. The course of an immune response to acute viral infection is associated with an immune deficiency in the lymphocyte compartment. This is usually characterized by the inability of lymphocytes to productively respond to mitogen or recall antigen. This thesis examined the acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of the mouse and showed that T lymphocytes isolated from acutely LCMV-infected mice underwent activation-induced apoptosis upon signalling through the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex. Kinetic studies demonstrated that this sensitivity to apoptosis directly correlated with the induction of immune deficiency, as measured by impaired proliferation in response to anti-CD3 antibody or to concanavalin A. Cell cycling in interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone stimulated proliferation of LCMV-induced T cells without inducing apoptosis, but

Inhibitors of the protease of HIV-1 have been used successfully for the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients and AIDS disease. We tested whether these protease inhibitory drugs exerted effects in addition to their antiviral activity. Here, we show in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and treated with the HIV-1 protease inhibitor ritonavir a marked inhibition of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and impaired major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted epitope presentation in the absence of direct effects on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus replication. A potential molecular target was found: ritonavir selectively inhibited the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome. In view of the possible role of T cell-mediated immunopathology in AIDS pathogenesis, the two mechanisms of action (i.e., reduction of HIV replication and impairment of CTL responses) may complement each other beneficially. Thus, the surprising ability of ritonavir to block the

Prior immunity to a related or unrelated pathogen greatly influences the hosts immune response to a subsequent infection and can cause a dramatic difference in disease course, a phenomenon known as heterologous immunity. Heterologous immunity can influence protective immunity, immunopathology and/or immune deviation of cytokine-producing T cell subsets. Examples of heterologous immunity have been well documented in mouse models, as well as during human infections. For example, prior immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) provides partial protection against vaccinia virus (VV), as LCMV-immune mice show reduced VV titers and increased survival upon lethal dose VV infection. Heterologous protection against VV challenge, as a result of LCMV immunity, is mediated by LCMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, as transfer of LCMV-specific memory T cells can mediate this protective effect in naïve mice. The recognition of a single TCR with more than one MHC-peptide complex is referred to as T cell

Studies were undertaken to characterize mechanisms for NK cell cytokine delivery in vivo. Conditions of systemic IFN-beta expression elicited by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) treatment or IFN-alpha beta production during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or murine cytomegalovirus infections resulted in profound splenic histologic changes, with relocalization of nucleated cells from red to white pulp regions. Cell-trafficking experiments, with fluorescently labeled populations, showed that poly(I:C) induced T/B cell-dependent leukocyte migration into white pulp regions. Splenic leukocytes prepared from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and bone marrow cells prepared from SCID or normal C57BL/6 mice revealed a unique poly(I:C)-induced accumulation of non-T/non-B cells along splenic red and white pulp region borders characteristic of marginal zones. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and murine cytomegalovirus infections also induced this trafficking pattern. Ab treatments of ...

PubMed journal article: Lymphoma associated with an epizootic of lymphocytic choriomeningitis in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

Michael B.A. Oldstone is a Professor in the Department of Immunology & Microbial Science at The Scripps Research Institute where he heads the Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory. He focuses on viral-host interactions, especially how viruses cause disease. His work studying the prototype arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus dissected the biologic and molecular parameters of how virus infection leads to the submission or the enhancement of the immune response. Submission or subversion leads to viral persistence and enhancement to autoimmunity and immunopathology. Using experimental animal model systems, his findings, especially with virus-specific cytotoxic T cells, with molecules that negatively regulate such cytotoxic T cells and with formation and consequences of viral antibody immune complexes, have been extended to infectious diseases of humans. These paradigm observations, coupled with his work on viral variants and dendritic cell interactions have led to his election to the National ...

|jats:p|The highly sensitive quantitation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells using major histocompatibility complex-peptide tetramer assays has revealed higher levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in acute and chronic virus infections than were recognized previously. However, studies in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection have shown that tetramer assays may include measurement of a substantial number of tetramer-binding cells that are functionally inert. Such phenotypically silent CTLs, which lack cytolytic function and do not produce interferon (IFN)-γ, have been hypothesized to explain the persistence of virus in the face of a quantitatively large immune response, particularly when CD4 help is impaired. In this study, we examined the role of functionally inert CTLs in chronic HIV infection. Subjects studied included children and adults (n = 42) whose viral loads ranged from <50 to >100,000 RNA copies/ml plasma. Tetramer assays were compared with three functional assays: enzyme

The Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Perforated Gastric Ulcer by George E. Armstrong by G. E. (George E. )., Armstrong available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews.This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was...

Next, Armstrong announces a trip to his hometown of New Orleans, which, again, inspires a roar of approval from a crowd that sounds like they were ready to cheer just about anything. The tune is The Buckets Got A Hole In It and Armstrong announces it as being written during the days of rushing the cans. Thats a reference to the kids whose job it was to bring beer to the bordellos. Jelly Roll Morton, on his seminal 1939 recording of Mamies Blues, opens with a spoken introduction where he says, This is the first blues I no doubt heard in my life. Mamie Desdunes, this is her favorite blues. She hardly could play anything else more, but she really could play this number. Of course, to get in on it, to try to learn it, I made myself the, the can rusher. Armstrong usually announced The Buckets Got A Hole In It as being played by Joe Oliver in New Orleans and it was recorded in the 1920s by the likes of Lil Johnson and Washboard Sam, with composer credit going to Clarence Williams. ...

Portneuf was built using a fast track construction schedule, which meant the Ascension Group worked with an accelerated timeline for project delivery. But, finding interior finish colors that are the right colors and that work well together can take a lot of time. The Armstrong CONTINUUM system assists architects and designers working on fast track projects by allowing designers to quickly mix and match flooring choices to achieve a naturally integrated look. It also simplifies the design process because the colors and designs are coordinated within product lines and cross-coordinated with other Armstrong flooring lines. Three floor products- ColorArt Medintone Sheet, LinoArt MARMORETTE Linoleum and Premium EXCELON Stonetex VCT- feature Armstrong CONTINUUM and are used throughout the Portneuf project.. Designers chose seven coordinating ColorArt MEDINTONE Sheet vinyl colors for the halls and patient rooms. ColorArt MEDINTONE Sheet has proven itself to the hospital owners and our firm to be a ...

Back when he announced his new foray into the pro cycling world, and perhaps the Tour de France, Lance Armstrong stated he was developing his own private doping label. Apparently the 7-time Tour winner is too busy to follow through with the details. Lance Armstrong has stated that his personal drug-testing program will be in place by the time of his first race at the Tour Down Under in January - but no sooner. When seven-times Tour de France winner Armstrong announced his comeback to professional cycling in September, he also announced that he would be part of a rigorous...

According to some prognostication by Roll Call - a Washington D.C.-based publication focusing on politics and Congress - Republicans are set to have a pretty good year here in North Dakota.. First, theyre saying state Senator Kelly Armstrong - a candidate for the U.S. House seat currently held by Senate candidate Kevin Cramer - is likely to win. They put him on a list of House candidates - five Democrats, six Republicans - who can probably start packing for Washington because theyve won primaries (or are prohibitive favorites to be the nominee) for such safe seats.. Armstrong is at the top of that list. His Democratic opponent is former state Senator Mac Schneider.. Im not sure Schneider deserves to be dismissed quite so readily. Hes a smart, competent guy and the impact of our states Senate race slug fest on this House race is anyones guess. I do agree that Armstrong has to be the favorite at this point.. Meanwhile, in the Senate race, Roll Call moved incumbent Senator Heidi Heitkamp up ...

The son of Lance Armstrong apparently has developed a different moral viewpoint than his father about the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports.In the new ESPN film about the disgraced cyclist, Luke Armstrong is asked if hed consider using such illicit drugs, much like his dad did to boost himself in races. Luke Armstrong currently is a college football player at Rice University in Houston.

Adrian Armstrong (b. 1990) is a creative from Omaha, NE now living and working out of Austin, TX. Armstrong received his BFA from the University of Nebraska - Lincoln in 2014. Armstrongs work explores identity and what it means to be black identifying in modern America. Armstrong aims to depict the people who experience these scenarios on a daily basis through large scale portraiture. His work touches on topics such as depression within the black community, systemic oppression, and police brutality; but on the other side of the spectrum explores fashion, love, success and growth. ...

Initiation of antiviral and anti-tumour T cell responses is probably achieved mainly by dendritic cells (DC) transporting antigen from the periphery into organised lymphoid tissues. To develop T cell vaccines it is, therefore, important to understand the accessibility of the antigen to DC in vivo and whether DC are activated by vaccination. Here we have evaluated the immunogenicity of a liposomal vaccine formulation with antigenic peptides derived from the glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Liposome-encapsulated peptides were highly immunogenic when administered intradermally and elicited protective antiviral immunity. After intradermal injection, liposomes formed antigen depots which facilitated long-lasting in vivo antigen loading of dendritic cells almost exclusively in the local draining lymph nodes. The immunogenicity of the liposomal peptide vaccine was further enhanced by incorporation of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides leading to activation of DC. This optimised ...

CD8 T cells are recognized key players in control of persistent virus infections, but increasing evidence suggests that assistance from other immune mediators is also needed. Here, we investigated whether specific antibody responses contribute to control of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a prototypic mouse model of systemic persistent infection. Mice expressing transgenic B cell receptors of LCMV-unrelated specificity, and mice unable to produce soluble immunoglobulin M (IgM) exhibited protracted viremia or failed to resolve LCMV. Virus control depended on immunoglobulin class switch, but neither on complement cascades nor on Fc receptor gamma chain or Fc gamma receptor IIB. Cessation of viremia concurred with the emergence of viral envelope-specific antibodies, rather than with neutralizing serum activity, and even early nonneutralizing IgM impeded viral persistence. This important role for virus-specific antibodies may be similarly underappreciated in other primarily T cell-controlled

Generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) following antigen receptor ligation is critical to promote cellular responses. However, the effect of antioxidant treatment on humoral immunity during a viral infection was unknown. Mice were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and treated with Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP), a superoxide dismutase mimetic, from days 0 to 8 postinfection. On day 8, at the peak of the splenic response in vehicle-treated mice, virus-specific IgM and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were decreased 22- and 457-fold in MnTBAP-treated animals. By day 38, LCMV-specific IgG ASC were decreased 5-fold in the bone marrow of drug-treated mice, and virus-specific antibodies were of lower affinity. Interestingly, antioxidant treatment had no effect on the number of LCMV-specific IgG memory B cells. In addition to decreases in ASC, MnTBAP treatment decreased the number of functional virus-specific CD4+ T cells. The decreased numbers of

More damningly, it paints Armstrong as the driving force behind a sophisticated, worldwide doping ring involving riders, coaches, and trainers.. At this point, there is only one argument left for Armstrong to make: everyone was doing it. Specifically, 20 of 21 top-3 finishers from 1999 to 2005 were doing it, and 36 of 45 top-3 finishers from 1996 to 2010 were doing it. Take a look at this paragraph (which was slipped into the introduction of the report without much comment) in the USADA report:. 20 of the 20-one podium finishers in the Tour de France from 1999 through 2005 have been directly tied to likely doping through admissions, sanctions, public investigations or exceeding the UCI hematocrit threshold. Of the 40-five podium finishes during the time period between 1996 and 2010, 30-six were by riders similarly tainted by doping.. So in a 15-year period, there were only 9 riders who managed to succeed without cheating, according to the USADA.. Its fair to say that in that period, doping was ...

13. You Break Me. If Louis Armstrong, Django Reinhardt, Leon Redbone, Big Mama ThorThornton, Betty Boop & Bonnie and Clyde were in a band, this would be it, and this new album would be the story of their adventures in love & mayhem. All Original songs. Pure Swingin Fun!. If Louis Armstrong, Django Reinhardt, Leon Redbone, Big Mama Thornton, Betty Boop and Bonnie and Clyde were in a band, this would be it, and this new album would be the story of their adventures in love and mayhem. The band is peopled with talented and colorful characters from both sides of the Columbia River - a classy clique of the NWs best musicians bringing you their signature style of hot music inspired by the music of the 20s and 30s. The band delivers the goods with a crackerjack collection of instruments - the doghouse aka the Big Bass, T-bone, Sax, Trumpet, Drums, no fewer than 2 guitars, 1 crooner and a hot jazz singer making for 1 killer ensemble. The tunes swing hard, the cats can really play, and the record is ...

Are you ready to start looking for a new job? The team at Bryan & Armstrong draw on their industry experience to offer you professional advice and guidance on all aspects of the recruitment process, helping you to reach your full potential. Register with us to begin your journey today.. When I started looking for a new H&S Manager position, Bryan & Armstrong were recommended by a colleague. I was impressed that they took a real interest in my skills, experience and career progression plans and kept me regularly updated on progress.. Before you make the decision to leave your job, its important to first think about what you are trying to achieve. If you are looking for career development, more money or a promotion, its always best to discuss your career aspirations with your current employer before entering the job market.. Before you start making job applications, you will need to consider the following:. ...

The Ethel Louise Armstrong Foundation, Inc. (ELA) is pleased to announce that the 2003 ELA Scholarship application is now available in the scholarship section of the ELA website at www.ela.org. The ELA Scholarship provides financial assistance to women with physical disabilities who are enrolled in a college or university graduate program in the United States. ELA Scholarship awards are based on merit and are given in an objective and nondiscriminatory basis. Each applicant is required to submit an application packet including an application form, a college transcript, two letters of academic recommendation, a medical verification form and an essay outlining how they will Change the Face of Disability on the Planet. Scholarships range from $1,000 to $2,000 per year. The application deadline is June 1st, 2003. The vision of the Ethel Louise Armstrong (ELA) Foundation, Inc. is to Change the Face of Disability on the Planet. Our mission is to promote, through grants and scholarships, the ...

Den Neil Armstrong koum 1930 op enger Farm, zéng Kilometer vu Wapakoneta am Ohio ewech, op dWelt. Säi Papp Stephen war staatleche Rechnungspréifer, dMamm Viola war Hausfra. Ee vu sengen Urgrousspäpp huet vu Ladbergen (Nordrhein-Westfalen) gestaamt. Zanter senger Jugend, wou hie Scout bei de Boy Scouts of America war, hat hie sech fir dFligerei interesséiert. Hien huet Modellfliger gebastelt an hat scho mat 17 Joer eng Pilotelizenz. No der High School krut hien 1947 vun der US-Marine e Stipendium fir op der Purdue University e Studium fir Fligeringenieur ze maachen. No dräi Semester huet dNavy hien am Januar 1949 agezunn an a Florida geschéckt. Zu Pensacola gouf hien zum Kampfpilot ausgebilt. Vun 1950 un war den Armstrong am Koreakrich dobäi. Hien huet zum Fighter Squadron 51 (VF-51) gehéiert a war mat 20 Joer de jéngste Member vun der Eenheet, déi um Fligerdréier USS Essex stationéiert war. Vun do ass hie mat engem F9F „Panther am Ganzen 78 Asätz geflunn. Den 3. September ...

From our convenient, modern Upper East Side office, Armstrong Dental Studio provides excellent dental care to patients of all backgrounds in New York City, NY. Dr. Omar Armstrong, DDS offers a variety of dental procedures that involve minimal patient discomfort and serves patients from all over the New York metropolitan area.

Stephen eta Viola Armstrongen semea, haurtzaroan hainbat komunitatetan bizi izan zen, izan ere, bere aita Ohio estatuko Bobsville hiriko auditorea zen; honela, Armstrong gaztea hainbat hiritan hazi zen: Warren, Jefferson, Ravenna, St. Marys eta Upper Sandusky. Azkenik, bere familiak Wapakonetan behin betiko bizitzea erabaki zuen. Hegan egiteko interesa bi urte besterik ez zuela piztu zitzaion Armstrongi, aitak Ohioko Nazio Aire-lasterketetara eraman zuenean. Bere interesa sei urte zituela areagotu zen, aireplano batean bere lehenengo buelta egin zuenean; berau hiru motorreko Ford bat zen, edo, era informalean deitzen zioten bezala, Latorrizko Antzara. Harrezkero, hegazkinek liluratu egin zuten. Hamabost urte zituelarik, Armstrong Wapakoneta hiriaren iparraldeko aireportu batean hegan egiteko ikastaro bat egiten hasi zen, diru pixka bat irabazteko eta eskolak ordaintzeko herrian zein aireportuan bertan lan batzuk eginez. Hamasei urterako, gidatzeko azterketa gainditu baino lehen, pilotu-ikasle ...

Inherited defects of granule-dependent cytotoxicity led to the life-threatening immune disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), characterized by uncontrolled CD8 T-cell and macrophage activation. In a cohort of HLH patients with genetic abnormalities expected to result in the complete absence of perforin, Rab27a, or syntaxin-11, we found that disease severity as determined by age at HLH onset differed significantly, with a severity gradient from perforin (early onset) | Rab27a | syntaxin-11 (late onset). In parallel, we have generated a syntaxin-11-deficient (Stx11(-/-)) murine model that faithfully reproduced the manifestations of HLH after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Stx11(-/-) murine lymphocytes exhibited a degranulation defect that could be rescued by expression of human syntaxin-11 but not expression of a C-terminal-truncated mutant. Comparison of the characteristics of LCMV infection-induced HLH in the murine counterparts of the 3 human conditions revealed a

Rodents with hanta virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and leptospirosis usually do not exhibit signs of disease. The disease agents are typically shed in the urine of infected animals and people acquire the infection by inhalation, oral ingestion and direct contact with contaminated urine or feces. These are occasionally transmitted from bite wounds and Leptospira can infect people through abraded skin. These diseases often initially appear as a mild flu-like illness in people but may progress to severe disease. LCMV infection is considered hazardous to the unborn fetus. Please refer to the WSU Hantavirus guidelines (http://www.iacuc.wsu.edu/documents/forms/pdf/Zoonoses_19.pdf) if working with wild rodents or in rodent-infested areas and buildings. Salmonellosis and campylobacterosis are acquired by contact and accidental ingestion of fecal material from infected rodents. Animals infected with these diseases may have diarrhea but some may show no symptoms of disease. Any animal ...

|jats:p|For viruses to establish persistent infections in their hosts, they must possess some mechanism for evading clearance by the immune system. When inoculated into adult immunocompetent mice, wild-type lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV ARM) induces a CD8(+)-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response that clears the infection within 7-14 d (CTL+ [P-]). By contrast, variant viruses isolated from lymphoid tissues of persistently infected mice fail to induce a CTL response and are thus able to establish a persistent infection in adult mice (CTL- [P+]). This report compares the interaction of CTL+ (P-) and CTL- (P+) viruses with cells of the immune system. Both types of virus initially bind to 2-4% of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and replicate within cells of both subsets. The replication of CTL- (P+) and CTL+ (P-) viruses in lymphocytes in vivo is similar for the first 5 d after initiating infection. Thereafter, in mice infected with CTL- (P+) variants, lymphocytes retain viral genetic

Structural characterization of peptides restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules has identified residues critical for MHC class I binding and for T-cell receptor recognition. For example, optimal peptides fitting into the murine MHC class I Db groove are 9 to 11 amino acids long and require as MHC anchor residues an Asn (N) at position 5 and also either a hydrophobic residue, a Met (M) or a Cys (C), at the carboxy terminus. The three known Db-restricted peptides of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are glycoproteins GP1 (amino acids [aa] 33 KAVYNFATC), GP2 (aa 276 SGVENPGGYCL), and nucleoprotein NP (aa 396 FQPQNGQFI). In addition to these two GP and one NP peptides, computer search revealed 11 other GP peptide sequences and 20 additional NP sequences that contained the Db binding motif. By Db competitive binding analysis, only two of these 11 GP peptides and 1 of these 20 NP peptides bound to the MHC Db molecule with an affinity equivalent to the measured ...

Beura LK, Hamilton SE, Bi K, Schenkel JM, Odumade OA, Casey KA, Thompson EA, Fraser-- KA, Rosato PC, Filali-Mouhim A, Sekaly RP, Jenkins MK, Vezys V, Haining WN, Jameson SC, Masopust D. --Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice. 2016. Nature. 532:512-6.. Steinert EM, Schenkel JM, Fraser KA, Beura LK, Manlove LS, Igyarto BZ, Southern P, Masopust D. Quantifying memory CD8 T cells reveals regionalization of immunosurveillance. 2015. Cell. 161:737-49.. Beura LK, Anderson KG, Schenkel JM, Locquiao JJ, Fraser KA, Vezys V, Pepper M, Masopust D. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus persistence promotes effector-like memory differentiation and enhances mucosal T cell distribution. 2015. 97:217-25. J Leuk Bio.. Schenkel JM, Masopust D. Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells. 2014. Immunity. 41:886-897.. Schenkel JM, Fraser KA, Beura LK, Vezys V, Masopust D. Resident memory CD8 T cells trigger a rapid organ defense response through cytokines. 2014. Science. ...

SH2D1A, which encodes signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP), is altered in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP), a primary immunodeficiency. SAP-deficient mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus had greatly increased numbers of CD8+ and CD4+ interferon-gamma-producing spleen and liver cells compared to wild-type mice. The immune responses of SAP-deficient mice to infection with Leishmania major together with in vitro studies showed that activated SAP-deficient T cells had an impaired ability to differentiate into T helper 2 cells. The aberrant immune responses in SAP-deficient mice show that SAP controls several distinct key T cell signal transduction pathways, which explains in part the complexity of the XLP phenotypes.

Soon after Lance Armstrong announced that he was stepping down as chairman of the cancer foundation that bears his name and Nike finally announced it had severed ties with the Texan, the Twitter masses took to their scrolling feeds, exhorting their opinions on the two massive announcements in Armstrongs world. Most commenters were applauding the decision, and interestingly enough, many began to blame Nike for the hero worship of Armstrong and the corporations part in what many are tagging the greatest sporting fraud in history.. From 1999 to just a mere month ago, Armstrong (and his minions) threatened, bullied, sued, intimidated, and bought off the media, his sponsors, his teammates, and allegedly members of national federations and the UCI to ensure their silence. Armstrong was the toast of Hollywood. He was the darling of the political set. It was a fairy tale story.. Last night during an appearance on Bicycle Radio about the Armstrong experience, one of the co-hosts asked my thoughts on ...

Soon after Lance Armstrong announced that he was stepping down as chairman of the cancer foundation that bears his name and Nike finally announced it had severed ties with the Texan, the Twitter masses took to their scrolling feeds, exhorting their opinions on the two massive announcements in Armstrongs world. Most commenters were applauding the decision, and interestingly enough, many began to blame Nike for the hero worship of Armstrong and the corporations part in what many are tagging the greatest sporting fraud in history.. From 1999 to just a mere month ago, Armstrong (and his minions) threatened, bullied, sued, intimidated, and bought off the media, his sponsors, his teammates, and allegedly members of national federations and the UCI to ensure their silence. Armstrong was the toast of Hollywood. He was the darling of the political set. It was a fairy tale story.. Last night during an appearance on Bicycle Radio about the Armstrong experience, one of the co-hosts asked my thoughts on ...

Mathur, G., Yadav, K., Ford, B., Schafer, I., Basavaraju, S., Knust, B., Shieh, W., Hill, S., Locke, G., Quinlisk, P., Brown, S., Gibbons, A., Cannon, D., Kuehnert, M., Nichol, S., Rollin, P., Ströher, U. & Miller, R. (2017). High clinical suspicion of donor-derived disease leads to timely recognition and early intervention to treat solid organ transplant-transmitted lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Transplant Infectious Diseases, 4(19). PMID: 28423464.. Ford, B. A. (2017). mecC-MRSA: Hiding in Plain Sight. Journal of clinical microbiology. PMID: 29118173.. Dunseth, C. D., Ford, B. A. & Krasowski, M. D. (2017). Traditional versus reverse syphilis algorithms: A comparison at a large academic medical center. Practical Laboratory Medicine, 8(2017), 52-59. DOI: 10/1016/j.plabm.2017.04.007.. Marra, A. R., Edmond, M. B., Ford, B. A., Herwaldt, L. A., Algwizani, A. R. & Diekema, D. J. (2016). Failure of Risk-Adjustment by Test Method for C. difficile Laboratory-Identified Event Reporting. Infection ...

Case-patient 2, a 39-year-old man, sought treatment in May 2010 with headache, nausea, vomiting, increased perspiration, and a temperature of 37.5°C. Aseptic meningitis was suspected, and CSF and serum samples were collected. CSF analysis demonstrated 1,715 leukocytes/mm3 (95% mononuclear cells), normal glucose level (68 mg/dL), and elevated protein levels (240 mg/dL). Results of a cranial computed tomographic scan were normal. Further virologic investigation detected LCMV RNA in the CSF and an IgG titer of 640 by IFA and IgM antibodies against LCMV in the serum sample. Serum amount was insufficient to conduct IgM titration and Western blot assay. No CSF sample was available to attempt viral isolation. The sequence of a 194-nt PCR product (nucleocapsid protein gene) obtained was most closely related to sequences of the lineage I. Sequence homology among the LCMV amplicon from case-patient 2 and lineage I strains was ,87% versus 77%-79% sequence homology among case-patient 2 and strains from ...

There are data to support both coinhibitory and costimulatory functions for CD160. CD160 can promote NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production in vitro and in vivo (4, 10, 13, 29). In vitro binding of HVEM to CD160 on human CD4+ T cells delivered an inhibitory signal to the T cell (5), whereas anti-CD160 mAb enhanced the function of exhausted CD8+ T cells from LCMV clone 13-infected mice in vitro (15). Less is known about the function of CD160 on T cells in vivo. Recent reports indicating that CD160 may regulate immune responses during enteric infections (8, 26) led us to investigate CD160 expression and function in the gut microenvironment as well as during acute and chronic LCMV infection. Our studies reveal that CD160 promotes CD8+ T cell effector functions during oral infection with L. monocytogenes and is critical for optimal clearance of this acute bacterial infection.. We identified several factors that regulate CD160 expression in IELs in the intestinal microenvironment. We determined ...

Our hypothesis was that if we could artificially induce conditions like those produced by the Armstrong strain, it would help the immune system clear an infection by clone 13, says Altman.. His team turned to an experimental drug called FTY720, which prevents white blood cells from leaving lymph nodes.. FTY720, also known as fingolimod, desensitizes white blood cells so they cant respond to the chemical messenger sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P also influences heart rate and smooth muscle contraction in the airways.. Scientists had previously thought of FTY720 as something that suppresses the immune system, Altman says. While not approved for sale by the FDA, doctors have tested it for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and preventing kidney transplant rejection.. Even if mice have a stable chronic LCMV clone 13 infection, treatment with FTY720 can still improve their immune response against LCMV enough to have them rid it from their systems, the authors found.. FTY720 appears to prevent ...

Court documents show that an Ohio hospital paid the estate of astronaut Neil Armstrong $6 million to settle allegations that post-surgical complications led to his 2012 death.

Neil Armstrong changed the world by becoming the first man in history to successfully pilot a spacecraft to land safely on the lunar surface and then walk on the moon. This not only was a high point...