Context: Many factors have been reported contributing to altering the neuromuscular function of hip and knee muscles. The lumbar hyperlordosis, as a poor posture in some athletes, is thought to be associated with the alteration of the hip and knee muscles activity. Objective: To examine the activation of selected hip and knee muscles in athletes with and without lumbar hyperlordosis during functional activities. Design: Case-control study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Twenty-six college male athletes (n = 13 with and n = 13 without lumbar hyperlordosis). Interventions: Surface electromyography of gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), and vastus lateralis (VL) were recorded during single-leg squat and single-leg jump landing (SLJL) tasks. Main Outcome Measure: Preactivity; reactivity; and onset muscle during SLJL and eccentric activity during single-leg squat (GMAX, GMED, VMO, and VL along with the ratio of VMO:VL) were assessed. Results: ...

Lordosis refers to your natural lordotic curve, which is normal. But if your curve arches too far inward, its called lordosis, swayback, or Hyperlordosis. Hyperlordosis can affect your lower back and neck. This can lead to excess pressure on the spine, causing pain and discomfort. It can affect your ability to move if its severe and left untreated.. Treatment of hyperlordosis depends on how serious the curve is and how you got lordosis. Theres little medical concern if your lower back curve reverses itself when you bend forward. Not every lordosis requires medical treatment. However, when the curve is rigid (fixed) and causes symptoms, medical evaluation is warranted.. ...

I recently suffered whiplash due to sudden and strong jerk to my neck during car accident. I suffer pain in my neck. I consulted a doctor he advised me that I must go for complete reversal of cervical lordosis. What is meant by complete reversal of cervical lordosis? What are the procedures for it ? How is it done ? Is it possible ? Are there any after effects of it please explain what is my treatment. To confirm the diagnosis and further treatment, you are advised to go for X ray and MRI of cervical spine.. Answer (by Dr. Naresh Kumar Agrawal): Normally cervical spine has forward curvature that is lordosis, when this curve is reversed posteriorly is called reversal of cervical lordosis , leads to severe neck pain, stiffness, headache , nausea , vomiting and radiation of pain to upper limbs leading to tingling ,numbness of hand .It causes difficulty in working at home and work. You should use cervical pillow and comfortable bed during sleep. During sitting, use comfortable chair with soft back ...

Learn more about Hyperlordosis at Medical City Dallas DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...

Lumbar hyperlordosis (also known as anterior pelvis tilt, lordosis and lumbar lordosis) has a noticeable impact on the height of individuals suffering from this medical issue, a height loss of 0.5-2.5 inches is common. For example, the height loss was measured by measuring the patient while he was standing straight (with exaggerated curves in his upper and lower back) and again after he fixed this issue (with no exaggerated curves), both of these measurements were taken in the morning with a gap of 6 months and the growth plates of the patient were checked to make sure that they were closed to rule out natural growth. The height loss occurs in the torso region and once the person fixes his back, his BMI will reduce since he is taller and his stomach will also appear to be slimmer. A similar impact has also been noticed in male to female transpeople who have weaker muscles in the lower back due to increased estrogen intake and other such treatments. However, the cause of height loss in both ...

The invention relates to a cage-type intervertebral implant that is made up of a dished side wall (1), a cambered side wall (2), a front part (3), a rear part (4) and at least one intermediate wall (5, 6), thus comprising at least two cavities (7, 8, 9). An upper and a lower cage surface (10, 11) include a first lordosis angle (α1) in the direction front part-rear part and a second lordosis angle (α2) perpendicular thereto, said cage surfaces (10′, 11) intersecting outside the cage. The cage structure is characterized by a double-wedge geometry (double-wedge-shaped cage) that is defined by the two lordosis angles (α1) and (α2) and that advantageously adapts itself to the anatomical conditions in the intervertebral area. The cage is further characterized by a high moment of tilt that effectively counteracts a tipping of the cage. The method used for producing the cage structure is essentially characterized by working the cage material by means of a high-pressure water jet, said cold-cutting

graphic, and laboratory data were recorded. Spinal posture analysis was performed using a Zebris CMS20 three-dimensional ultrasonic system. Results: Thoracic kyphosis angle was significantly higher in the AS group (45.4±12.8°) than in the control group (36.9±7.7°) (p=0.001). Lumbar lordosis angle was significantly lower in the AS group (20.7±10.6°) than in the control group (28±8.2°) (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in total trunk inclination or sacral angles (p,0.05). Increase in thoracolumbar length at maximum spinal flexion and decrease in thoracolumbar length at maximum spinal extension were significantly lower in the AS group (p,0.05). A negative correlation was found between the thoracic kyphosis angle and length increase in spine flexure as well as chest expansion. Thoracic kyphosis angle had a statistically significantly positive correlation with age at onset of symptoms and tragus-wall distance (p,0.05). Conclusion: Significant changes were observed in spinal ...

The effect of unsupported sitting on lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis. Presented at: Society of Back Pain Research Meeting, Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 June 2007 ...

Reversed cervical lordosis does have the consequence of early and accelerated degeneration (osteoarthritis) of the spinal joints as well as likely degeneration of the disks. This is becasue the normal weight bearing mechanism of the spine has now been effectively reversed. Concerning a routine of spinal adjustments, this will promote improved movement patterns as well as alleviate stress from fixated cervical segments in the spine, but it will not likely have an effect on changing the curve. You need targeted exercises and specificly applied forces that will affect the ligamentous system as well as the neurological signals sent for higher processing from the spinal nerve roots and joints. The process of changing the shape of the curve should only be performed by a qualified chiropractic physican ...

Cervical cancer is really a ailment that is different to women, affecting nearly 13,000 within the U . s . States alone. It has motivated the U . s . States to designate The month of january Cervical Health Awareness Month. They would like to help get the word out relating to this avoidable condition with vaccination and appropriation screening. For the weekly health news roundup, weve compiled a summary of our very best articles about them. Youll find info on cervical lordosis, what can cause inflamed posterior cervical lymph nodes, along with the causes for bone spurs within the neck.. There are lots of types of contraceptive readily available for women, with different levels of effectiveness to prevent pregnancy. The intrauterine device or IUD is really a small T-shaped contraception device thats placed right into a womans uterus and it is considered probably the most effective types of contraception presently offered today.. New information shows that the IUD may do greater than ...

Cervical cancer is really a ailment that is different to women, affecting nearly 13,000 within the U . s . States alone. It has motivated the U . s . States to designate The month of january Cervical Health Awareness Month. They would like to help get the word out relating to this avoidable condition with vaccination and appropriation screening. For the weekly health news roundup, weve compiled a summary of our very best articles about them. Youll find info on cervical lordosis, what can cause inflamed posterior cervical lymph nodes, along with the causes for bone spurs within the neck.. There are lots of types of contraceptive readily available for women, with different levels of effectiveness to prevent pregnancy. The intrauterine device or IUD is really a small T-shaped contraception device thats placed right into a womans uterus and it is considered probably the most effective types of contraception presently offered today.. New information shows that the IUD may do greater than ...

Each child may experience symptoms differently. The major clinical feature of lordosis is a prominence of the buttocks. Symptoms will vary depending if lordosis occurs with other defects, such as muscular dystrophy, developmental dysplasia of the hip, or neuromuscular disorders.. Back pain, pain down the legs, and changes in bowel and bladder habits are not commonly associated with lordosis. A child experiencing these types of symptoms requires immediate medical evaluation by a physician.. The symptoms of lordosis may resemble other spinal conditions or deformities, or may be a result of an injury or infection. Always consult your childs physician for a diagnosis.. ...

Find the best lordosis doctors in Gurgaon. Get guidance from medical experts to select lordosis specialist in Gurgaon from trusted hospitals - credihealth.com

Ist vermox verschreibungspflichtig, Vermox bambini effetti collaterali, Vermox tehotenstvi, Vermox navodila za uporabo, Vermox indications meaning, Vermox szybko dziaania, Vermox pendant grossesse, Activo de vermox, Vermox veterinary, Vermox 100mg side effects, Vermox bandwurm, Vermox utilizare, Vermox plus farmacias del ahorro, Vermox baby clothes, Costo vermox tadalafil powder bulk. plus infantil, How long does it take for threadworms to die after taking vermox, Was hilft besser vermox oder helmex, Vermox oral suspension, Vermox thread worms in horses, Se puede tomar vermox en lactancia, Vermox plus para nios, Vermox hrvatski, Zentel czy vermox alergie, Principio activo de vermox plus, Vermox worm treatment. another option is to bend the rod into hyperlordosis order vermox 100mg, insert itinto the pelvis, and then bend the hyperlordosis back out after the rod hasbeen inserted.. ...

Purpose: Sagittal imbalance of severe adult degenerative deformities requires surgical correction to improve pain, mobility and quality of life. Our aim was a harmonic an..

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a lack of studies on obesity measured by outer abdominal fat (OAF), which describes abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness with regard to spino-pelvic parameters. We investigated OAF and its physiologic values on computed tomography (CT) scans with regard to age, gender, facet joint (FJ) arthritis, FJ orientation, lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic incidence (PI). MATERIAL AND METHOD CT scans of 620 individuals, with a mean age of 42.5 years were reviewed. OAF, lumbar FJs, LL and PI were evaluated. RESULTS OAF showed a mean value of 19.7 millimeters (mm). It significantly increased with age until 70 years and decreased thereafter (p ⩽ 0.0001). There was no significant gender difference. OAF was significantly increased with FJ arthritis (p=0.01), but not with FJ orientation. OAF was not significantly associated with LL or PI.CONCLUSION: OAF on CT scans has a mean value of 19.7 millimeters. It is higher in the older age groups until 70 years. As a novelty ...

Hey everyone, I just wanted to take some pictures of my back in an attempt to better understand the problem and get to know scoliosis, kyphosis and lordosis better. I believe that better understanding leads to motivation which leads to change. It is my wish that we can discuss the different back problems in this post, and include knowledge from anatomy books, our own problems, exercises that help etc. Theory: If you have lordosis strengthen your abodminals, glutetues muscles

The importance of sagittal alignment in healthy individuals and in reconstructive spinal surgery has been studied over the last 15 years. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of abnormal sagittal alignment on hardware after posterior thoracolumbar spinal fusion. Patients who had undergone revision surgery (revision cohort, n = 34) due to breakage of their implants were compared retrospectively with patients who had intact implants at the final follow-up investigation after a long posterior thoracolumbar and/or lumbar spinal fusion (control cohort, n = 22). Clinical data and radiological parameters including the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), lordosis gap (LG), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and the femoral obliquity angle (FOA) were assessed on full-spine lateral radiographs obtained in regular standing position. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric inferential

Lordosis or curving in the spine in children. Learn the symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment for pediatric lordosis from the Spina Bifida Clinic at St. Louis Childrens Hospital.

Introduction: Lumbar osteotomies are increasingly applied in the setting of adult sagittal spinal deformity and may be effective in obtaining appropriate spino‐pelvic re‐alignment. Additionally, it has been established that correction of global sagittal spinal balance improves self reported clinical outcomes. The study aims to investigate the impact of preoperative radiographic spino‐pelvic parameters on post‐operative sagittal vertical axis offset (SVA) with the hypothesis that patients with a larger pelvic tilt (PT) will require larger wedge resections. Methods: This is a multicenter consecutive retrospective review of 105 patients (mean age 54yo, 22M, 83F) who underwent lumbar PSO procedures for correction of major sagittal mal‐alignment (mean pre SVA=14.3cm). Pre‐ and post‐op free standing full length sagittal xrays were analyzed for regional curves (LL, TK), pelvic parameters (PI, PT) and global balance (SVA). Only patients with a pre‐op SVA ranging from 10 to 20cm and with ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Three types of sagittal alignment regarding compensation in asymptomatic adults. T2 - the contribution of the spine and lower limbs. AU - Bao, Hongda. AU - Lafage, Renaud. AU - Liabaud, Barthelemy. AU - Elysée, Jonathan. AU - Diebo, Bassel G.. AU - Poorman, Gregory. AU - Jalai, Cyrus. AU - Passias, Peter. AU - Buckland, Aaron. AU - Bess, Shay. AU - Errico, Thomas. AU - Lenke, Lawrence G.. AU - Gupta, Munish. AU - Kim, Han Jo. AU - Schwab, Frank. AU - Lafage, Virginie. PY - 2017/6/6. Y1 - 2017/6/6. N2 - Purpose: A comprehensive understanding of normative sagittal profile is necessary for adult spinal deformity. Roussouly described four sagittal alignment types based on sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and location of lumbar apex. However, the lower limb, a newly described component of spinal malalignment compensation, is missing from this classification. This study aims to propose a full-body sagittal profile classification in an asymptomatic population based on full-body imaging. ...

Painful simphtoms, from overload and body structural alteration are present in the adult and infant-juvenile population. The objective of this study was to describe and to associate orthostatic posture, execution of daily activities (DA), range of motion (ROM) and students back pain. It was evaluated 430 Fundamental School students of Municipal Schools from Porto Alegre-RS, aged between 6 and 8 years old. The orthostatic posture was evaluated, dynamic posture (sitting to write and to carry the school material), Adams forward-bending test, Q-angle measurement, measurement of the hip, knee and ankle ROMs, total and lumbar Schober test, extension test of the total and lumbar spine and pain evaluation. The results showed a tendency of the students to position themselves forward to the reference line, regardless of their age. The mean angulation observed on the spine curvature was 28,67º for the cervical lordosis, 26,47º for the thoracic kyphosis and 24,42º for the lumbar lordosis. The evaluation ...

I have been having constant neck and back pain for quite some time. I was sent to have xrays and was told that I had 3 bulging discs in my neck, one of which that was pressing on my spine and causing ...

Dr. Joseph Accurso answered: Ear Dysfunction: Please keep going to your health care provider. This could be related to inner ear...

I had a disc replacement at c-5,c-6 to fix a piched nerve. The pain went right across scapula area through shoulder down into my hand. It started with constant spasms and pain in left shoulder blade area. Any exercises involving traps always did it to me. Im coming up on 3 year anniversary of the surgery and I can actually do some trap involved exercises like lateral dumbell raises and very light upright rows now. The traction provided a little relief and nerve blocking meds like neurontin (gabapentin) helped as well but made me feel extremely depressed and moody at times ...

Anterior pelvic tilt, a myth and a fallacy. Every anatomy book states that the lumbar spine should be neutrally arched, so why are clinicians claiming tha..

With this summery of part of the model of tonic function in mind I want to return to the notion that the tonus of the muscles that flex, extend, rotate, and sidebend the spine are also a central focus of tonic function. The principal states that a reduction of tonus in the muscles that control Iumbar and cervical lordosis have an especially propitious effect on tonic function, and therefore on intrinsic movement. Stated more simply intrinsic movement is always initiated by a lengthening of the spine. Where does lengthening specifically take place? Key places of reduction of tonus seem to be the suboccipital muscles of the neck which are the most densely spindled muscles of the bodyAbrams, V. C., Neck Muscle Proprioception and Motor Control in Proprioception, Posture and Emotion, D. Garlick ed., Kensington, Australia, 1982, and the psoas and erectors which according to Gracovetsky are primarily regulators of lumbar lordosis.Gracovetsky, S., The Spinal Engine Springer Verlag, Wien, New York, ...

The succession of vaginal and behavioral changes was followed throughout the estrous cycle of ten continuously cycling female rats. Interruption of cycles by pregnancy or pseudopregnancy was prevented by the use of the vaginal mask. The behavioral indices were Lordosis Quotient, a measure of sexual responsiveness, and Rejection Quotient, a measure of tolerance by the female of mounting by the male. Before the onset of lordosis, which took place during proestrus, females rejected males on many attempted mounts, although rejection decreased rapidly with rise in frequency of lordosis. Full receptivity was displayed for 6 to 9 hours, but females began to reject the males while still displaying high levels of lordosis. The total period of 19 hours over which lordosis is shown was divided into pre-heat, heat, and post-heat periods.

A 7-year-old male was brought with a marked spinal deformity. Physical examination showed rotational scoliosis and loss of lumbar lordosis. The patient was referred for a Magnetic Resonance İmaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine. MRI showed a left-convex rotational scoliosis and loss of lumbar lordosis. There was a fusion of T10-T11-T12 vertebral bodies with a partial excision. Spinal canal was widening at the level L2-L4. The terminal cone was reaching L5 level. At the level of T10 spine, the spinal cord was divided into two hemicords and two dural tubes up to the upper part of the L3 body. There was a bone septum, dividing the spinal canal into two separate canals including two hemicords in separate dural tubes.

I am 57 non smoker woman, felt great until 5-2005 was walking mall 5 miles day. I got shoe inserts from foot doctor. 2 weeks later I started hip pain and back pain. Groin pain, spasms. etc. I am wo...

back pain| Sexuality | Posture | Osteoporosis | the eye and the view | Scoliosis | Kyphosis | Lordosis | Pain of the hip joint | pain in the knee | Arthrosis | Hernia of the disc | Paralysis | migraine | headache| joint pain | impotence | fatigue | tiredness| Depression | Sport | Study

The records of 127 patients were reviewed. Fifty-four patients (19 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 64.91 years and mean follow-up of 3.19 years met the study inclusion criteria; there were 29 patients with PJK and 25 patients without. There was no statistically significant difference in demographics or follow-up between these two groups. Neither was there a difference between the groups with regard to postoperative pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), PI minus LL (PI-LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), or sagittal vertical axis (SVA; all p , 0.05). Postoperative pelvic tilt (p = 0.003) and T1 pelvic angle (p = 0.014) were significantly higher in patients with PJK than in those without. Preoperative HUs at UIV, UIV+1, and UIV+2 were 120.41, 124.52, and 129.28 in the patients with PJK, respectively, and 152.80, 155.96, and 160.00 in the patients without PJK, respectively (p = 0.011, 0.02, and 0.018). Three receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for preoperative ...

Lordosis is the abnormal inward curving of the spine that leads to a shape called swayback. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment here.

Your spine naturally has 2 lordotic curves. Learn about lordosis and what happens when your spine curves too much in this article from a spine surgeon.

Does lordosis decreased height?The length of the axial skeleton and the long bone of the lower extremity determine an individuals height. A deviation from the normal curvature would alter the height of individuals.

A prominent feature of lordosis, the sexual posturing of female rats, is lumbar dorsiflexion (rump elevation). This movement exposes the perineum and permits the male to intromit. Experiments were done to characterize the muscles used in lumbar dorsiflexion, to locate their motoneurons, and to describe some physiologic inputs to these muscles. First, the dorsal and ventral muscles of the back and tail of the female Norway rat were described. Of these muscles, the lumbar epaxial muscles lateral longissimus and the transversospinalis muscles are both trunk muscles and capable of producing dorsiflexion: they are suited for producing the rump elevation of lordosis. To see if they are used during lordosis, they were selectively ablated in hormone-primed female rats that were subsequently tested in mating encounters with male rats. Lordosis was rated as amount of rump elevation. Compared to control animals, animals with ablations of lumbar transversospinalis muscles or lateral longissimus were ...

Lordosis - Brick NJ, Freehold NJ, Forked River NJ, and Manahawkin NJ - Orthopedic Care - Brielle Orthopedics provides services in general orthopedics, non-operative spine care, operative spine, physical therapy, and diagnostic procedures for musculoskeletal disorders.

Stretches For Lower Back Lordosis - The 10 simple hip mobility moves that will bring energy back into your life so that you can be strong, active, & energetic for yourself and loved ones.

What I want to talk about today is something that is likely affecting every one of you, and it is only a matter of time before it rears itself as severe pain: hyper lordosis - the sitter disease. I had this for over a year and just now nearly rid of it. Here is a…

Support pillows, lordosis cushions, pillow rolls & surgical table cover sheets for geriatric & patient care & physiotherapy. Different sizes, shapes & colours.

A wedge plate inserter/impactor instrument is provided primarily for holding, inserting, repositioning, removing, impacting, extracting, and otherwise manipulating an artificial intervertebral disc having features suitable for being manipulated thereby. A spring-loaded holding pin of the instrument can be used to engage a corresponding hole on the disc and confront the angled surfaces of the disc to enable the holding and manipulation of the disc. A forward wedge extension of the inserter/impactor has upper and lower surfaces that engage inwardly facing surfaces of the disc to hold the baseplates of the disc at a preferred lordosis angle with respect to one another. The instrument can engage the disc from a variety of surgical approach angles.

There is a postural device called the Rectifier that can make your jaw function like a lever and elongate your spine. Kyphosis and hyperlordosis are easily corrected. To achieve a straight posture you dont need to perform postural exercises, which in the long run can even be harmful. All you need is the Rectifier postural ...

A surgical procedure can restore the irregular assortment of veins around the testes. I found that hyperlordosis shouldnt be attributable to a pregnant stomach or beer stomach or carrying groceries or backpacks. But this month i began light spotting and light-weight bleeding 9 earlier than my expected period (for 9 days). Typically, individuals might be infertile but present no symptoms so they wont comprehend it until they try to conceive a child. This data also does not tell you about your physicians or pregnancy after cone biopsy surgery observe. Caffeine can have an end result on fertility. Title: Being pregnant and Childbirth: Anticipating a Baby Pregnancy Guide Being pregnant What to Expect Being pregnant Well being Pregnancy Consuming and Recipes. Vietnamese for instance outnumber each Europeans and North Americans. Take into account a brisk walk to a hyperactive run. I had a miscarriage before and the physician informed me not to have unprotected sex for 3 months as a result of they ...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Sagital balance of the spine is a fundamental element necessary for understanding spinal disease and instituting proper treatment. The aim of this prospective work was to establish the physiological values of pelvic and spinal parameters of sagital balance of the spine and to investigate their interactions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pelvic and spinal parameters were measured on the standing radiographs of 250 healthy volunteers. The following parameters were measured on lateral views including the head, the spine and the pelvis: lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, sagital tilt at T9, sacral inclination, pelvic incidence, pelvic version, intervertebral angulation, and the vertebral cuneiformization from T9 to S1 ...

ScoliosisJournal: Is decreased bone mineral density associated with development of scoliosis? A bipedal osteopenic rat model The scientists involved in this study didnt find the what they were looking for but once again they found that Scoliosis was associated with hypokyphosis (flat back). Just about everything I have read shows that Scoliosis is associated with hypokyphosis. My son doesnt have severe flat back but his spine has very little, natural kyphosis. Its fairly straight

Exocrine gland-secreting peptides (ESPs) are a protein family involved in the pheromonal communication of rodents. ESP1 is a lacrimal peptide synthesized by the extraorbital glands of males of specific mouse strains that modulates the sexual behavior in females. Reportedly, BALB/c males, that produce high level of ESP1 in the tear fluid, were shown to enhance the lordosis behavior in C57BL/6 females during mating. In contrast, C57BL/6 and ICR males, both unable to express ESP1, failed to modulate this sexual behavior. Nonetheless, ICR males did become competent to enhance lordosis behavior in C57BL/6 females providing these were pre-exposed to ESP1. To exclude any strain differences, here, we investigated the pheromonal role of the extraorbital glands and indirectly of ESP1 in animals of the same strain. This was performed by applying the lordosis experimental paradigm in BALB/c mice before and after the surgical removal of these glands in males. The excision of the extraorbital glands reduced but did

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the postural alignment of children with visual impairment with that of children without visual impairment. METHODS: The sample studied was 74 children of both sexes ages 5 to 12 years. Of these, 34 had visual impairment and 40 were control children. Digital photos from the standing position were used to analyze posture. Postural variables, such as tilt of the head, shoulder position, scapula position, lateral deviation of the spine, ankle position in the frontal plane and head posture, angle of thoracic kyphosis, angle of lumbar lordosis, pelvis position, and knee position in the frontal and sagittal planes, were measured with the Postural Assessment Software 0 ...

Complete procedure for conducting the sit and reach flexibility test for the hamstrings muscles and lower back. The sit and reach test is a common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. This test is important as because tightness in this area is implicated in lumbar lordosis, forward pelvic tilt and lower back pain. This test was first described by Wells and Dillon (1952) and is now widely used as a general test of flexibility.

Dr. Levey responded: Yes. There are many, many toning exercises for the abdominal region. All of them require effort to do well, so i don

Two hundred twenty-two patients (168 women, 54 men) were included. The mean age was 52.2 ± 19.3 years (range 18-84 years). The mean follow-up was 28.8 ± 8.2 months (range 24-62 months). There was a significant correlation between PI − LL and PI (r = 0.441, p , 0.001), threatening the use of PI − LL to quantify spinopelvic mismatch for different PI values. RLL was not correlated with PI (r = −0.093, p , 0.05); therefore, it was able to quantify divergence from ideal lordosis for all PI values. Compared with PI − LL, RLL had stronger correlations with HRQOL scores (p , 0.05). Discrimination performance was better for the model with RLL than for PI − LL. The agreement between RLL and PI − LL was high (κ = 0.943, p , 0.001), moderate (κ = 0.455, p , 0.001), and poor (κ = −0.154, p = 0.343), respectively, for large, average, and small PI sizes. When analyzed by RLL, each PI − LL category was further divided into distinct groups of patients who had different mechanical ...