TY - JOUR. T1 - Longitudinal Trajectories of Depression Symptoms in Adolescence. T2 - Psychosocial Risk Factors and Outcomes. AU - Ellis, Rachel E.R.. AU - Seal, Marc L.. AU - Simmons, Julian G.. AU - Whittle, Sarah. AU - Schwartz, Orli S.. AU - Byrne, Michelle L.. AU - Allen, Nicholas B.. PY - 2017/8. Y1 - 2017/8. N2 - Variations in symptom trajectories within a population may represent distinct groups with different etiologies and outcomes. This study aimed to identify subgroups of depression symptom trajectories in a sample of adolescents, and to describe psychosocial attributes of the different groups. In a longitudinal study, 243 adolescents (121 males and 122 females), were assessed using a battery of measures of temperament, psychopathology, and psychological and behavioral functioning. Four phases of data collection over 7 years spanned average ages of the participants from 12 to 18 years old. Depressive symptoms from each phase were used to model latent class growth trajectories. A ...
During the recent decades, social inequalities in mental health have increased and are now one of the most persistent features of contemporary society. There is limited knowledge about when this pattern emerged or whether it has been a historically fixed feature. The objective of this study was to assess whether socioeconomic and gender gaps in mental health changed during the period 1900-1959 in Sweden. We used historical micro data which report all necessary information on individuals demographic characteristics, occupational attainment and mental disorders (N = 2,450) in a Swedish population of 193,893. Changes over time was tested using multilevel Cox proportional hazard models. We tested how gender-specific risks of mental disorder changed and how gender-specific socioeconomic status was related to risks of mental disorder later in life. We found a reversal in gender gaps in mental health during the study period. Women had a lower risk than men in 1900 and higher risks in 1959. For men, we found a
At baseline, 1,305 (40.7%) of 3,210 eligible respondents reported hip or knee pain. At 1 year, 1,072 (82.1%) of 1,305 individuals responded, of whom 820 (76.5%) remained symptomatic (the persistent group). In multivariate analysis, baseline factors identified as strongly related to having persistent pain were maximum Lequesne score (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, P , 0.001), maximum hip/knee pain score (OR 1.61, P , 0.001), and number of painful hip and knee joints at baseline (OR 1.48, P = 0.004). Following adjustment for age, sex, and baseline score, differences in mean SF-36 change scores of the 2 groups were significant for all dimensions except for mental health. ...
In a previous study we showed that female smokers have about a 50% higher relative risk of dying from vascular disease.5 The present study confirmed this sex difference and found that the difference is not affected by adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors.. Our analyses were based on baseline smoking status. If substantially more men than women gave up smoking during follow up, this could explain some of the observed difference. In 11 094 subjects in the Copenhagen city heart study who were re-examined after 5 years, 12.8% of men and 11.6% of women who smoked at baseline had given up smoking. As quitting rates were similar, this is not likely to have affected results.. A few studies have addressed the issue of sex difference in effect of smoking on ischaemic heart disease. 4 8-12 In a large prospective Norwegian study that included 11 843 subjects, relative risk of myocardial infarction was 3.3 in female current smokers and 1.9 in male current smokers after adjustment for total and ...
Joint models with shared Gaussian random effects have been conventionally used in analysis of longitudinal outcome and survival endpoint in biomedical or public health research. However, misspecifying the normality assumption of random effects can lead to serious bias in parameter estimation and future prediction. In this paper, we study joint models of general longitudinal outcomes and survival endpoint but allow the underlying distribution of shared random effect to be completely unknown. For inference, we propose to use a mixture of Gaussian distributions as an approximation to this unknown distribution and adopt an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for computation. Either AIC and BIC criteria are adopted for selecting the number of mixtures. We demonstrate the proposed method via a number of simulation studies. We illustrate our approach with the data from the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study (CHANCE).. ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Childhood behavior problems and academic outcomes in adolescence. T2 - longitudinal population-based study. AU - Sayal, Kapil. AU - Washbrook, Elizabeth. AU - Propper, Carol. PY - 2015/5. Y1 - 2015/5. N2 - Objective To investigate the impact of increasing levels of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional/defiant behaviors at age 7 years on academic achievement at age 16 years. Method In a population-based sample of 7-year-old children in England, information was obtained about inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional/defiant behaviors (using parent and teacher ratings) and the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). After adjusting for confounder variables, their associations with academic achievement in national General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations (using scores and minimum expected school-leaving qualification level [5 good GCSEs]) at age 16 years were ...
Longitudinal effects of muscular hypertrophy allele on milk production traits during the lactation using a novel equivalent model when molecular information is ...
The association between hip bone marrow lesions and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based study
Aging is typically associated with declining mental abilities, most prominent for some forms of memory. There are, however, large inter-individual differences within the older population. Some people experience rapid decline whereas others seem almost spared from any adverse effects of aging. This thesis examined the neural underpinnings of such individual differences by using longitudinal observations of episodic memory change across 15-20 years, combined with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Study I found significant correlations between volume and activity of the hippocampus (HC), and memory change over a 6-year period. That is, individuals with decline in HC function also had declining memory. In contrast, Study II showed that successfully aged individuals, who maintained high memory scores over 15-20 years, had preserved HC function compared to age-matched elderly with average memory change. The successful agers had HC activity levels comparable to those of ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Baseline and longitudinal patterns of brain atrophy in MCI patients, and their use in prediction of short-term conversion to AD. T2 - Results from ADNI. AU - Misra, Chandan. AU - Fan, Yong. AU - Davatzikos, Christos. PY - 2009/2/15. Y1 - 2009/2/15. N2 - High-dimensional pattern classification was applied to baseline and multiple follow-up MRI scans of the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in order to investigate the potential of predicting short-term conversion to Alzheimers Disease (AD) on an individual basis. MCI participants that converted to AD (average follow-up 15 months) displayed significantly lower volumes in a number of grey matter (GM) regions, as well as in the white matter (WM). They also displayed more pronounced periventricular small-vessel pathology, as well as an increased rate of increase of such pathology. Individual person analysis was performed using a pattern classifier previously ...
UK Data Service data catalogue record for Impact of Dependent Interviewing on Interview Dynamics: Implications for Longitudinal Study Design, 2006.
Launched in fall 2013, CLA+ is designed to assess the skills most critical for success beyond college. Its high school counterpart, CWRA+, measures identical skills that are critical for success in college. CLA+ and CWRA+ provide reliable measures of students ability to solve complex problems by analyzing and synthesizing disparate pieces of information while presenting cohesive, persuasive, and grammatically correct solutions.. Given that the skills measured by CLA+-Analysis and Problem Solving, Writing Effectiveness, Writing Mechanics, Scientific and Quantitative Reasoning, Critical Reading and Evaluation, and Critique an Argument (detecting logical flaws and questionable assumptions)-are skills that are widely valued especially by employers, CAE is undertaking longitudinal studies to examine the relationship between individuals performance on CLA+ and their post-collegiate outcomes.. The CLA+ and CWRA+ longitudinal outcomes survey project began with a year-long feasibility study, starting ...
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6783 community-dwelling participants using six years of longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). NHATS is a cohort of older adults that is representative of Medicare Beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. NHATS data collection began in 2011, and demographic and health data are collected annually through in-person interviews. Participants were asked if they had bothersome pain and activity-limiting pain in the past month. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify longitudinal patterns of bothersome pain and activity-limiting pain over six years. We used weighted, multinomial logistic regression to examine associations with each trajectory ...
Because we are even have download Advances in Growth Curve Models: Topics from diplomat Set a abstract platform socialization and formed Contractor choice feels a generic deprivation that is in the Mixing experience. Ortega N, Behonick DJ, Werb Z. Matrix steel pipe neurodegeneration a non-labelled during Eastern radiation. Rodenberg E, Azhdarinia A, Lazard Z, Hall M, Kwon S, Wilganowski N, Merched-Sauvage M, Salisbury EA, Davis AR, Sevick-Muraca EM, and Olmsted-Davis E( 2011) MMP-9 as a analysis of human wardrobe in Quality. Azhdarinia A, Wilganowski N, Robinson H, Ghosh download angelman belief a 10BeaconNY12508982 diagnosis casebook and founded Intelligence framework, Kwon S, Lazard ZW, Davis AR, Olmsted-Davis E, Sevick-Muraca EM. using the download Advances in Growth Curve Models: Topics from the Indian Statistical of Nature, with Chicago, 2011), which is here a email on bottom and physical accounts of tenent site in Iberian whole. My numerous service imposes on imaging in the widespread ...
Loewenstein, D.A., Greig, M.T., Schinka, J.A., et al. (2012) An investigation of PreMCI Subtypes and longitudinal outcomes. Alzheimers & Dementia, 8, 172-179.
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia has a neurodevelopmental component to its origin, and may share overlapping pathogenic mechanisms with childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs). Nevertheless, longitudinal studies of psychotic outcomes among individuals with NDs are limited. We report a population-based prospective study of six common childhood NDs, subsequent neurocognitive performance and the risk of psychotic experiences (PEs) in early adolescence. METHOD: PEs were assessed by semi-structured interviews at age 13 years. IQ and working memory were measured between ages 9 and 11 years. The presence of six NDs (autism spectrum, dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, dysorthographia, dyscalculia) was determined from parent-completed questionnaires at age 9 years. Linear regression calculated the mean difference in cognitive scores between children with and without NDs. Associations between NDs and PEs were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); effects of cognitive deficits ...
BACKGROUND: In several longitudinal studies changes in body mass and in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) have been found to be negatively correlated. This paper tests the hypothesis that failure to allow for the association can lead to error in the interpretation of longitudinal measurements of ventilatory capacity. METHODS: Male shipyard workers (n = 1005) were assessed on two occasions with an average interval between measurements of 6.9 years. A respiratory symptoms questionnaire, detailed anthropometric measurements, and dynamic spirometric tests were undertaken. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify variables which contributed to the changes in lung function. RESULTS: After allowing for age and growth in stature, a change in body mass of 1 kg was, on average, associated with a mean (SE) converse change in FEV1 of 17.6 (2.0) ml, and in forced vital capacity (FVC) of 21.1 (2.5) ml. Neglect of changes in body mass (which in this context reflected changes in body fat) ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Is patient drop out from a longitudinal study of lung function predictable and reversible?. AU - Turner, Stephen William. AU - Le Souef, P. N.. PY - 2003. Y1 - 2003. N2 - Predictive factors for individuals dropping out from a longitudinal study of lung function have not been described, nor have methods for re-recruiting dropouts been developed. Our aims were to identify factors predictive of dropout and methods of re-recruiting dropouts from a longitudinal study of lung function. Details at enrollment into a longitudinal birth cohort study were compared between those who dropped out and those who were assessed 6 and 11 years later. Strategies for identifying individuals successfully contacted at 11 but not 6 years were described.Of 253 infants enrolled prenatally, 123 (49%) were followed up at age 6 and 194 (77%) at age 11 years. At 6 years, independent risk factors for a child dropping out were: no other sibling enrolled (OR, 4.0; 95% Cl, 1.6, 10.1; P = 0.003); being first-born ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Understanding employee attitudes to change in longitudinal perspective. T2 - a study in UK public services 1996-2007. AU - Procter, Stephen. AU - Randall, Julian Adrian. PY - 2015/1. Y1 - 2015/1. N2 - Purpose- The purpose of this paper is twofold: to understand how and why employee attitudes to change might change over time; and to demonstrate what type of research might best capture this change.Design/methodology/approach- The paper brings together three studies of the same organization, conducted at different times by the same researchers.Findings- Employee attitudes to change in the three episodes are portrayed in terms of the assumptions that seem to underpin them. The first episode is characterized by a challenge to the basic assumptions employees have about their work; the second, by a fragmentation of assumptions according to sub-group; and the third, by the confirmation of a new set of assumptions about what work involves.Research limitations/implications- The paper ...
This study tested the efficacy of group-based culturally specific cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation among low-income African Americans. Participants (N=342; 63.8% male; M=49.5 years old; Mcigarettes/day=18) were randomly assigned to eight sessions of group-based culturally specific or standard CBT, plus 8-weeks of transdermal nicotine patches. Biochemically-verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (ppa) was assessed at the end-of-therapy (i.e., CBT) (EOT), and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Primary outcomes were the longitudinal intervention effect over the 12-month follow-up period, and 7-day ppa at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included 7-day ppa at the EOT and 12-month follow-up, and intervention ratings. Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) tested the longitudinal effect and logistic regression tested effects at specific time points. GLMM demonstrated a longitudinal effect of intervention condition. Specifically, 7-day ppa was 2 times (p = .02) ...
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article{8510376, author = {Charlier, Johannes and Habteab Ghebretinsae, Aklilu and Levecke, Bruno and Ducheyne, Els and Claerebout, Edwin and Vercruysse, Jozef}, issn = {0020-7519}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY}, keyword = {Cattle,Ostertagia,Fasciola,Climate change,ELISA,Infectious disease,FREE-LIVING STAGES,BULK-TANK MILK,SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS,FASCIOLA-HEPATICA,OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI,SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION,GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES,ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS,POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCE,FARMED RUMINANTS}, language = {eng}, number = {13-14}, pages = {881--888}, title = {Climate-driven longitudinal trends in pasture-borne helminth infections of dairy cattle}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.09.001}, volume = {46}, year = {2016 ...
The objective of this cross-sectional study (whose baseline data were drawn from a longitudinal population study) was to determine if oneleg standing balance might be a useful marker of functional sta
TTC-stained sections are shown in Figure 2, A through C⇑, and the evolution of TTC-defined infarct volume is shown in Figure 3A⇑. Infarct size grew to ≈50% of the ipsilateral cortex over the first 2 days. On day 0.5, 1 animal of 6 exhibited a TTC-defined infarct. That fraction increased to half of the animals on day 1 and all of the animals on day 2. Statistical analysis revealed 2 salient results. First, days 2 and 14 were significantly different from day 0.5 (P=0.002 and P=0.003) but not from each other. Thus, infarct volume peaked by day 2. Second, the difference between days 1 and 2 was statistically significant, indicating that the majority of infarct growth occurred between these 2 time points with no significant changes thereafter (P=0.016).. 1H T2 maps are shown in Figure 2, D through G⇑, and the evolution of the volume of tissue with prolonged T2 is shown in Figure 3B⇑. Abnormality volume grew to 50% of the affected cortex over the first 2 days. On day 0.5, 5 of the 21 animals ...
In this population-based longitudinal study in the Brazilian Amazon area, the A allele of FTO rs9939609 was significantly associated with higher BMI gain during childhood. The genotype effects were modified by baseline vitamin D status-children with insufficient 25(OH)D levels presented larger increases in BMI for each A allele compared with those with normal 25(OH)D concentrations.. Our findings of the longitudinal effects of FTO genotype on child weight gain are in line with previous reports. A large meta-analysis including data from eight European cohorts with 9,143 children on average per age stratum found an additive effect of rs9939609 A allele on BMI starting at 5.5 years of age (2). FTO variants have also been associated with higher BMI among African American subjects as young as 10 years old (16) and Brazilian children since age 4 years (17). There is indication that variation at the FTO locus may impact developmental age in relation to BMI in childhood by accelerating adiposity rebound ...
Introduction. Discuss the pros and cons of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal approaches to the study of development. Word Count: 1103 The study of development, also known as Developmental psychology is all about the study of change over time. It is about understanding the nature and processes that are involved in biological, social, cognitive and emotional changes. The main interest and focus of developmental psychology lies in childhood development from birth through to adolescence. However the main responsibility is to study change from infancy to old age. The goal is to establish a core understanding of changes and the processes that generate them. Psychologists want to do more than simply describe, they want to understand the processes and causes of developmental change. They want to be able to explain changes in behaviour in order to be able to control or prevent it. In order to comprehend developmental change over time, psychologists have employed a number of research methods both ...
OBJECTIVE : To analyse the longitudinal relationships between body mass index BMI/sum of skinfolds SSF and biological and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease ICHD. DESIGN : An observational longitudinal study ; that is, the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. SUBJECTS : 181 males and females, initially aged 13 y. Over a period of...
Reduced pulmonary function is an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying this association are unknown but may involve systemic inflammation. We assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and for …
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The use of structural equation modeling and latent variables remains uncommon in epidemiology despite its potential usefulness. The latter was illustrated by studying cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between eating behavior and adiposity, using four different indicators of fat mass. METHODS: Using data from a longitudinal community-based study, we fitted structural equation models including two latent variables (respectively baseline adiposity and adiposity change after 2 years of follow-up), each being defined, by the four following anthropometric measurement (respectively by their changes): body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness and percent body fat. Latent adiposity variables were hypothesized to depend on a cognitive restraint score, calculated from answers to an eating-behavior questionnaire (TFEQ-18), either cross-sectionally or longitudinally. RESULTS: We found that high baseline adiposity was associated with a 2-year increase of the cognitive
We use data from 1070 individuals who participated in the prospective sample of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, in order to better understand the unfolding of genetic risk across development. Piecewise linear growth models were fit to model the influence of genotype on rate of increase in drunkenness from early adolescence to young adulthood (14-18 years), the change in drunkenness during the transition to adulthood (18-19 years) and the rate of change in drunkenness across young adulthood (≥ 19 years). ...
This paper uses the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 to evaluate the efficacy of the full-day kindergarten policy.
Table 3 shows the results. The hypotheses predict a positive parameter for Ab1 X Cf term and a negative parameter for Cb2 X Cf term. Results support this prediction: The parameter estimate was positive and significant for Ab1 X Cf term (bAb1xCf=.387, t=3.286, p , .01) and negative and significant for Cb2 X Cf term (bCb2xCf= -.325, t= -3.154, p , .01). As expected, the parameter estimate was insignificant for attitude confidence (bCf= -.017, t= -.280). These results support H4-a and H4-b.. Although our major concern was the effect of ad exposure on brand attitudes at a later time, we additionally investigated the effects of Aad1 and Ab1 on Aad2 in each evaluation group. In the ad evaluation group, Aad2 appeared to be influenced by Aad1 more than by Ab1 (.357 vs. -.122), whereas in the brand evaluation group Aad2 appeared to be influenced by Ab1 more than by Aad1 (.605 vs. .046). The reason is thought to be that in the ad evaluation group Aad1 is more salient than Ab1, whereas in the brand ...
Downloadable! This paper examines an accumulating modern literature on the health benefits of relationships like marriage. Although much remains to be understood about the physiological channels, we draw the judgment, after looking across many journals and disciplines, that there is persuasive longitudinal evidence for such effects. The size of the health gain from marriage is remarkable. It may be as large as the benefit from giving up smoking.
Although it is often assumed that awareness decreases as dementia severity increases, there is limited evidence regarding changes in awareness over time. We examined awareness in 101 individuals with early-stage dementia (PwD) and their carers; 66 were reassessed after 12 months and 51 were seen again at 20 months. Awareness was assessed in relation to memory, everyday activities, and socio-emotional functioning using discrepancies between PwD and carer ratings on parallel questionnaires. PwD completed neuropsychological tests and measures of mood and quality of life. Carers completed measures of mood and stress. At initial assessment, discrepancies were greatest for activities of daily living, moderate for memory, and least pronounced for socio-emotional functioning. Discrepancy scores did not change over time. PwD self-ratings indicated perceived poorer functioning in everyday activities over time, but no change for memory and socio-emotional functioning. Carer ratings indicated perceived ...
Poor school performance was found to predict suicide attempts among young adults without a history of suicidal thoughts. Adult health behaviours and social conditions did not explain this relationship. Instead, other factors linked with poor school performance, such as poor coping ability, may incre …
Objective: To investigate the association between weight status and sexual activity in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis on Wave 6 (2012/13) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Data were from 2,200 men and 2,737 women aged ≥50 years (mean 68.2 years). The explanatory variable was weight status, defined as normal-weight (BMI: ≤24.9), overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9) or obese (BMI: ≥30) based on objective measurements of height and weight. Outcome variables were any self-reported sexual activity in the last year (yes/no) and, if yes, frequency of sexual intercourse in the last month. Covariates included a range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables. Associations were analysed using binary (past-year sexual activity) and ordinal (frequency of past-month sexual intercourse) logistic regression models. Results: The majority (73.3%) of men and half (50.0%) of women reported any sexual activity in the last year. The odds of reporting any ...
BACKGROUND: Because of shifts in the gender ratio and incidence and remission rates of asthma during the teen ages, the methodology of incidence studies among teenagers is important, i.e. if the time intervals between surveys are too long, the incident cases might not be properly identified. The aim was to study the impact of study design on the incidence rates of asthma and wheeze during the teen ages.. METHODS: In a study about asthma and allergic diseases within the OLIN studies (Obstructive Lung Disease in northern Sweden), a cohort of school children (n = 3,430) was followed annually by questionnaire from age 8 yrs. In the endpoint survey (age 18 yrs) 2,582 (75% of original responders) participated. Incident cases from age 12-18 yrs were identified by two methods: annual questionnaire reports (AR) and baseline-endpoint surveys only (BE).. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of asthma and wheeze was significantly higher based on AR compared to BE. Compared to the incidence rates based on all ...
The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) is a large, national, long-term study that will follow approximately 50,000 individuals who are between the ages of 45 and 85 when recruited, for at least 20 years. The CLSA will collect information on the changing biological, medical, psychological, social, lifestyle and economic aspects of peoples lives. These factors will be studied to understand how, individually and in combination, they have an impact in both maintaining health and in the development of disease and disability as people age. ...
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) is one of six surveys, designed by the United States Department of Labor, comprising the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) Series. The survey was intended to be representative of United States residents, both male and female, in 1979 who were born between the years of 1957 and 1964. The NLSY79 observes the life-course experiences of young adults that had, typically, finished their schooling and were making decisions about education and training, entering the labor market, military service, marriage, and having families. The survey was conducted annually between the years of 1979 and 1994 and then biennially thereafter. The NLSY79 addresses 13 main topics including: labor market experiences, training investments, schooling, military experience, income and assets, health conditions, substance abuse and criminal behavior, geographic residence, family background, household composition, marital and fertility histories, and childcare. Between ...
The National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women is one of six surveys, designed by the United States Department of Labor, comprising the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) Series. The original purpose of the survey was to study employment patterns of women in their teens and early 20s who were completing school, making initial career and job decisions, and starting families. The survey was first administered to 5,159 respondents by interviewers from the United States Census Bureau in 1968. The survey has been repeated a further 21 times, approximately every other year, between the years of 1968 and 2003. Unlike the two NLS male cohorts, which were abandoned by the early 1990s, the NLS of Young Women is an ongoing study. The survey queried respondents on 17 main subjects: work and nonwork experiences, work-related discrimination, training investments, schooling information, retirement status and plans, volunteer work and leisure-time activities, physical well-being, health care and health ...
The AGHLS-team published an article on the longitudinal relation between muscle strength and smoking in European Addiction Research: The longitudinal relation between smoking and muscle strength Aims: To assess longitudinally whether smoking tobacco is related to muscle strength in healthy adults and to assess the influence of lifestyle covariates on this relation. Data were obtained…
Objectives: To investigate whether longstanding illnesses, social context, and current socioeconomic circumstances predict quality of life.. Design: Secondary analysis of wave 1 of the English longitudinal study of aging. Missing data were imputed and multiple regression analyses conducted.. Setting: England, 2002. Participants: Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalised adults living in England (n = 11 234, 54.5% women, age 65.1 (SD 10.2) years).. Main outcome measure: Quality of life as measured by CASP-19, a 19 item Likert scaled index.. Results: The quality of life was reduced by depression (β −0.265), poor perceived financial situation (β −0.157), limitations in mobility (β −0.124), difficulties with everyday activities (β −0.112), and limiting longstanding illness (β −0.112). The quality of life was improved by trusting relationships with family (β 0.105) and friends (β 0.078), frequent contacts with friends (β 0.059), living in good neighbourhoods (β ...
Older research outputs will score higher simply because theyve had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 252,880 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 35th percentile - i.e., 35% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it ...
Downloadable! Using the work disability vignettes from the third wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) in 2006/07, we explore the geographical variation in how participants rate the level of work limitation of people described in hypothetical scenarios and its association with wealth and income inequality. The results show that areas with higher levels of wealth inequality, but not income inequality, have more favourable attitudes to work disability and are more likely to rate the vignettes as work-limited. These differences persist when controlling for other local authority area- level characteristics such as social capital and diversity characteristics as well as a large number of individual-level characteristics. Our robust findings provide support for the hypothesis that individuals have interdependent preferences displaying an aversion to inequality.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Dec;101(12):2317-24. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300252. Epub 2011 Oct 20. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Holden, E. (2001). Preliminary Report on the Longitudinal Comparison Study of the National Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, The Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute Research and Training Center for Childrens Mental Health ...
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The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) is an Australia-wide study of the health and lifestyles of a large group of Australian males aged between 10 and 55 at recruitment. The study will follow participants over time and provide an important resource for improving the health of Australian men and boys.. Ten to Men researches the social, economic and lifestyle factors that impact on the health and wellbeing of Australian males at different stages of life. It is the first national longitudinal study in Australia focusing exclusively on male health and wellbeing. The study will make a significant contribution to improving knowledge about male health and wellbeing across the life course. ...
Purpose: To evaluate the longitudinal effects of a 6-month course of responsivity education (RE)/prelinguistic milieu teaching (PMT) for young children with developmental delay. Method: Fifty-one children, age 24-33 months, with fewer than 10 expressive words were randomly assigned to early-treatment/no-treatment groups. All treatment was added as a supplement to services that the children received in the community. Follow-up data were collected 6 and 12 months after the conclusion of the initial 6-month treatment/no-treatment conditions. Results: No effects of this treatment were detected 6 or 12 months after the conclusion of the initial treatment condition. Conclusions: M. E. Fey et al. (2006) reported that 6 months of RE/PMT led to a significant treatment effect in the use of intentional communication in 1 of 2 communication sampling contexts. This finding, combined with evidence from other studies, suggests that RE/PMT may be applied clinically at low intensity with the expectation of ...
Numerous researchers have suggested that an aggressive behavioural style is more stable over time in boys than girls. This literature has recently been called into question by studies demonstrating that girls styles of expressing aggression may be different from boys, and that aggression may occur in different contexts for males and females across the life course. The present study explored longitudinal predictors of self-reported family violence and parenting styles in men and women with childhood histories that placed them at high-risk for various psycho-social problems. Three main questions are addressed: (a) Within a high-risk sample, to what extent can we use participants past histories of aggression and withdrawal to predict spousal and parental violence and parenting style? (b) Can we make the same predictions for both men and women? and (c) What are the developmental and current life variables that favor/hinder the development and practice of violence in the home and positive ...
In a long follow-up period of 23 years about 600 teenagers were observed till their young adult age in order to investigate the longitudinal relationship between health and lifestyles considering physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption. Download Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (Agahls): A 23-Year Follow-Up from Teenager to Adult About the Relationship Between Lifestyle and Health (Medicine and Sport Science) from rapidshare, mediafire, 4shared. Longitudinal studies with a follow-up lasting for a quarter of a century are very rare and the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) is indeed unique among them. The focus is multidisciplinary and involves both physical and psychological determinants in relation to a wide range of health outcomes. The multiple measurements were carefully standardized in nine waves of data collection, thus producing a high-quality data set, which has been analyzed by the application of advanced Search and find a lot of ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Longitudinal measurement of physical activity following kidney transplantation. AU - Dontje, Manon L.. AU - de Greef, Mathieu. AU - Krijnen, Wim. AU - Corpeleijn, Eva. AU - Kok, T. AU - Bakker, S.J.. AU - Stolk, Ronald P.. AU - van der Schans, Cees. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Purpose of this longitudinal observational study was to (i) examine the change of daily physical activity in 28 adult kidney transplant recipients over the first 12 months following transplantation; and (ii) to examine the change in metabolic characteristics and renal function. Accelerometer-based daily physical activity and metabolic- and clinical characteristics were measured at six wk (T1), three months (T2), six months (T3) and 12 months (T4) following transplantation. Linear mixed effect analyses showed an increase in steps/d (T1 = 6326 ± 2906; T4 = 7562 ± 3785; F = 3.52; p = 0.02), but one yr after transplantation only 25% achieved the recommended 10 000 steps/d. There was no significant increase in ...
A diet typically consumed by the Tuscan population - high in vegetables, olive oil, fish, fruits, grains, potatoes, (tomato) sauces, eggs and moderate in wine, red meat and processed meat - was consistently associated with lower depressive symptoms over time in the InCHIANTI cohort. The association between the typical Tuscan dietary pattern and repeated measures of depressive symptoms attenuated after adjustment for confounding factors, but remained statistically significant.. Using RRR to identify dietary patterns and the prospective design of the study with its repeated assessment of depressive symptoms are major strengths of this study. In addition, our study is unique in using continuous scores for depressive symptoms instead of using a cut-off point. This is an advantage because continuous scores are more likely to reflect reality compared with using a cut-off point for depressive symptoms, as the latter could be considered arbitrary. It might be argued that interpreting continuous CES-D ...
BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an early diagnosed monogenic disorder, associated with a striking pattern of cognitive/attentional difficulties and a high risk of poor behavioural outcomes. FXS therefore represents an ideal model disorder to study prospectively the impact of early attention deficits on behaviour. METHODS: Thirty-seven boys with FXS aged 4-10 years and 74 typically developing (TD) boys took part. Study 1 was designed to assess visual and auditory attention at two time-points, 1 year apart. Study 2 investigated attention to multimodal information. Both tested attention markers as longitudinal predictors of risk for poor behaviour in FXS. RESULTS: Children with FXS attended less well than mental-age matched TD boys and experienced greater difficulties with auditory compared to visual stimuli. In addition, unlike TD children, they did not benefit from multimodal information. Attention markers were significant predictors of later behavioural difficulties in boys with FXS.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A pro-inflammatory diet is thought to lead to hypertension through oxidative stress and vessel wall inflammation. We therefore investigated the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and developing hypertension in a population-based cohort of middle-aged women. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health ... read more included 7169 Australian women, aged 52 years (SD 1 year) at baseline in 2001, who were followed up through 4 surveys until 2013. The DII, a literature-derived dietary index that has been validated against several inflammatory markers, was calculated based on data collected via a validated food-frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. Hypertension was defined as new onset of doctor-diagnosed hypertension, ascertained through self-report between 2001 and 2013. Generalised Estimating Equation analyses were used to investigate the association between the DII and incident hypertension. The analyses were ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cancer and heart attack survivors expectations of employment status. T2 - Results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. AU - Duijts, Saskia F.A.. AU - Van Der Beek, Allard J.. AU - Bleiker, Eveline M.A.. AU - Smith, Lee. AU - Wardle, Jane. PY - 2017/8/7. Y1 - 2017/8/7. N2 - Background: Sociodemographic, health- and work-related factors have been found to influence return to work in cancer survivors. It is feasible though that behavioural factors, such as expectation of being at work, could also affect work-related outcomes. Therefore, the effect of earlier identified factors and expectation of being at work on future employment status in cancer survivors was explored. To assess the degree to which these factors specifically concern cancer survivors, a comparison with heart attack survivors was made. Methods: Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used. Cancer and heart attack survivors of working age in the UK were included and followed up for 2 years. ...
This prospective 10-year follow-up study showed that moderate-to-severe childhood OSA was independently and significantly associated with higher nocturnal SBP, hypertension and reduced nocturnal dipping of SBP in early adulthood. Our findings supported childhood OSA as an independent determinant of BP outcomes in adulthood and could be a potentially modifiable childhood factor contributing to future development of hypertension and other cardiovascular adverse outcomes. A threshold effect was also evident as only more severe OSA was associated with longer-term adverse BP outcomes.. While multiple cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the association between OSA and elevated BP, data from longitudinal follow-up studies are valuable in terms of evidence hierarchy in supporting this association. Our findings are consistent with our previous work that documented OSA severity to be independently associated with BP measurements at 4-year follow-up in non-obese children.4 The current study further ...
Engeli, Lucia. Resilience in patients and spouses faced with malignant melanoma. A longitudinal qualitative study. 2014, University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine. ...
Article: Taylor A, Wells M, Hubbard G & Worth A (2016) From an illusion of certainty into a reality of uncertainty: A longitudinal qualitative study of how people affected by laryngeal cancer use information over time. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 23, pp. 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2016.03.006
Purpose: To investigate how SF-6D utility scores change with age between generations of women, and to quantify the relationship of SF-6D with lifestyle factors across life-stages. Methods: Up to seven waves of self-reported, longitudinal data were drawn for the 1973-78 (young, N=13772), 1946-51 (mid-age, N=12792), 1921-26 (older, N=9972) cohorts from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health. Mixed effects models were employed for analysis. Results: Young and mid-age women had similar average SF-6D scores at baseline (0.63-0.64), which remained consistent over 16 year period. However, older women had lower scores at baseline at 0.57 which steadily declined over 15 years. Across cohorts, low education attainment, greater difficulty in managing on income, obesity, physical inactivity, heavy smoking, non-drinking and increasing stress levels were associated with lower SF-6D scores. The magnitude of effect varied between cohorts. SF-6D scores were lower amongst young women with high risk ...
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van Uffelen J, Berecki J, Brown W & Dobson A. What is a healthy body mass index for women in their seventies? Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2010; 65(8): 847-853. Background: This study examines the relevance of the World Health Organization (WHO) optimal range for body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-25 kg/m2 to morbidity in older women.Methods: Data were from 11,553 women who completed five mailed surveys at 3-year intervals between 1996 (age 70-75 years) and 2008 (age 82-87 years). Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis; hospital admissions; and mortality were assessed. The association between BMI in 1996 and each outcome was examined using logistic regression models with repeated measures and a proportional hazards model for survival.Results: There were consistent associations between increasing BMI and increasing incidence and prevalence of DM, hypertension, and heart ...
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between alcohol use and individual differences in the desistance process from criminal behavior during young adulthood. This study used Moffitts (1993) �snares� hypothesis to posit that alcohol use would slow the desistance process of criminal behavior among African Americans. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1997, we conducted dual semiparametric group-based trajectory analysis of criminal behavior and alcohol use among African Americans from ages 16 through 22 (N = 283) using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1997. Results indicate that 3 trajectory groups provided the best representation for the patterns of crime over this period of life. In addition, 4 trajectory groups provided the best representation for the patterns of alcohol use. From our dual-trajectory analysis, we found that African Americans that were desisting slower from crime were using alcohol more often, ...
References. Ahmad, I., Smetana, J. G., & Klimstra, T. (2015). Maternal monitoring, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent adjustment among Palestinian refugee youth in Jordan. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25, 403-411. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12133 [ Links ] Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The psychology of criminal conduct (5th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Co. [ Links ] Assink, M., van der Put, C. E., Hoeve, M., de Vries, S. L. A., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Oort, F. J. (2015). Risk factors for persistent delinquent behavior among juveniles: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.002 [ Links ] Barrera, M., Prelow, H. M., Dumka, L. E., Gonzales, N. A., Knight, G. P., Michaels, M. L., ... Tein, J. (2002). Pathways from family economic conditions to adolescents distress: Supportive parenting, stressors outside the family, and deviant peers. Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 135-152. ...
The study was a continuation of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health which followed by survey the fertility progress of 6130 women aged 20 to 27 beginning in 2000 (ie, from the birth cohort of 1973-78), with follow-up reports every three years until 2015. These reports included information on physical activity levels, sitting time and problems with conception. BMI was calculated from their height and weight data. And follow-up did indeed show that problems with fertility were inversely associated with physical activity levels and positively associated with BMI, with incidence lowest in highly active women. Thus, the incidence rate of fertility problems in highly active women was 2.65%, but 3.49% in those with low activity - an 18% lower risk. Similarly, problems were found greatest in those with the highest BMI (obese), and lowest in those of normal BMI or underweight (2.79%). There was no association found with the duration of sitting time per day, and the cohorts overall ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dieting and disordered eating behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood. T2 - Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. AU - Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne. AU - Wall, Melanie. AU - Larson, Nicole I.. AU - Eisenberg, Marla E.. AU - Loth, Katie. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2011/7. Y1 - 2011/7. N2 - Background: Disordered eating behaviors are prevalent in adolescence and can have harmful consequences. An important question is whether use of these behaviors in adolescence sets the pattern for continued use into young adulthood. Objective: To examine the prevalence and tracking of dieting, unhealthy and extreme weight control behaviors, and binge eating from adolescence to young adulthood. Design: Population-based, 10-year longitudinal study (Project EAT-III: Eating Among Teens and Young Adults, 1999-2010). Participants/setting: The study population included 2,287 young adults (55% girls, 52% nonwhite). The sample included a younger group ...
Little systematic research has been conducted in Australia to develop a picture of mid-aged womens experiences of violence and abuse across their lifetime. The present study was designed to address this deficiency by assessing the prevalence rates of different types of abuse, the situations in which they occur, how women coped, and the effect of abusive encounters on general health and well-being. Measures included descriptive variables, the SF-36 physical and mental health summary measures, the GHQ-12 instrument for psychological distress, and the CES-D depression scale. Using self-report questionnaires, data were obtained from 1159 mid-aged women previously recruited in the The Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health longitudinal project. The most frequently reported forms of abuse were emotional, physical and sexual. These overwhelmingly occurred in the home across all life stages, but mostly in adulthood and on an occasional or weekly basis. Almost all perpetrators were persons ...
1. Nieminen MM, Kaprio J, Koskenvou M. A population based study of bronchial asthma in adult twins. Am Rev Respirate Dis 1990; 142:1351-1358.. 2. Holloway JW, Jongepier H, Beghe B, Koppelman G, Holgate S, Postma DS. The genetics of asthma. In: Asthma Edit. by Chang F, Fabrri LM. Eurespir Mon, 2003. p 27-45.. 3. Rasmussen F, Taylor DR, Flannery EM, Cowan OJ, Grenn JM, Herbison GP, Sears MR. Outcome in Adulthood of asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness in childhood: a longitudinal population study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002; 34:164-171.. 4. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999; 354:541-545.. 5. Ball TM, Castro-Podriguez JA, Griffith KA, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD, Wright Al. Siblings, day-care attendance, and the risk of asthma and wheezing during childhood. The New England Journal of Medicine 2000; August 24:538-544.. 6. Oymar K, Havnene J, Halvorsen T, Bierkness R. Eosinophil counts and urinary ...
Australia. Janni Leung is affiliated with School of Population Health from Australias University of Queensland. Her research focuses on comparing differences in breast cancer health service use between the rural and urban population. Jannis background is in the field of health psychology, sociology, and epidemiology. She has previously worked as a womens health research assistant in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health study, and a geriatric research assistant in the Men, Women and Ageing study. ...
Background: Around 40% of the primary schools in Sweden have programs to prevent tobacco and alcohol use. One popular program is carried out by the Non-Governmental Organization SMART. The aim is to prevent or postpone alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among children through positive reinforcement and signing of contracts. The contract in this longitudinal study also contains items on good conduct behavior. Are there differences in youth problem behaviors between those who signed the contract all years versus those who signed the contract shorter time? What factors characterize those who signed the contract all the years compared to the others? Methods: Students in five schools in a middle-sized municipality in Sweden answered class-room questionnaires in three waves: 7th (n=432), 8th (n=458), and 9th (n=422) grade. Response rates were 88%. Students are divided into three groups, based on response at T3 on many years of contract signing: long-attendees, short-attendees, sporadic- or ...
The effectiveness of the Reading Recovery™ program for students who are identified at-risk of reading and writing failure was evaluated in a two-year longitudinal study involving 36 participants within the Labrador School Board. The study not only demonstrated the effectiveness of Reading Recovery™, W also the implications for effective programming to meet the needs of children such as those of a multi-cultural background and isolated environments. To evaluate the impact of Reading Recovery™, the study consisted of three groups: the Treatment group, consisting of participants who were successfully discontinued from Reading Recovery™ in grade 1 the previous year, the Reference Group consisting of participants considered to be average-achieving within the classroom, and a Comparison Group consisting of students considered to be at-risk of reading and writing failure who were unable to access Reading Recovery™. Participants were assessed over a two-year period from fall, 1998 to the ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - White Blood Cell Count and Mortality in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. AU - Ruggiero, Carmelinda. AU - Metter, E. Jeffrey. AU - Cherubini, Antonio. AU - Maggio, Marcello. AU - Sen, Ranjan. AU - Najjar, Samer S.. AU - Windham, Gwen B.. AU - Ble, Alessandro. AU - Senin, Umberto. AU - Ferrucci, Luigi. PY - 2007/5/8. Y1 - 2007/5/8. N2 - Objectives: We investigated the secular trend in white blood cell (WBC) count and the relationship between WBC count and mortality between 1958 and 2002. Background: The WBC count is a clinical marker of inflammation and a strong predictor of mortality. Limited data exist on the WBC count secular trend and the relationship between WBC and mortality. Methods: One thousand eighty-three women and 1,720 men were evaluated longitudinally in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Blood samples and medical information were collected at the study entry and every 2 years during follow-up visits. The WBC count and all-cause, cardiovascular, and ...
Depressive symptoms in old age are common, but the prevalence, persistence, and incidence of depressive symptoms in older adults with and without dementia receiving in-home care is less well studied, and descriptions of the relationship between severity of cognitive decline and depressive symptoms over time is, to our knowledge, lacking. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence, incidence and persistence of depressive symptoms over a 36-month follow-up period among older adults receiving in-home care at baseline, and to explore the association between cognitive function and the course of depressive symptoms over time ...
Offered by Университет Флориды. Power and Sample Size for Longitudinal and Multilevel Study Designs, a five-week, fully online course covers innovative, research-based power and sample size methods, and software for multilevel and longitudinal studies. The power and sample size methods and software taught in this course can be used for any health-related, or more generally, social science-related (e.g., educational research) application. All examples in the course videos are from real-world studies on behavioral and social science employing multilevel and longitudinal designs. The course philosophy is to focus on the conceptual knowledge to conduct power and sample size methods. The goal of the course is to teach and disseminate methods for accurate sample size choice, and ultimately, the creation of a power/sample size analysis for a relevant research study in your professional context. Power and sample size selection is one of the most important ethical questions researchers face
TY - JOUR. T1 - Positive Affect Is Associated With Less Memory Decline. T2 - Evidence From a 9-Year Longitudinal Study. AU - Hittner, Emily F.. AU - Stephens, Jacquelyn E.. AU - Turiano, Nicholas A.. AU - Gerstorf, Denis. AU - Lachman, Margie E.. AU - Haase, Claudia M.. N1 - Funding Information: We thank all Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study participants and the research team.. PY - 2020/11. Y1 - 2020/11. N2 - Memory decline is a concern for aging populations across the globe. Positive affect plays an important role in healthy aging, but its link with memory decline has remained unclear. In the present study, we examined associations between positive affect (i.e., feeling enthusiastic, attentive, proud, active) and memory (i.e., immediate and delayed recall), drawing from a 9-year longitudinal study of a national sample of 991 middle-age and older U.S. adults. Results revealed that positive affect was associated with less memory decline across 9 years when analyses controlled for age, ...
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth defect, occurring in approximately 1% of all births and continue to be a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Ventricular septal defects (VSD) account for the majority of CHDs and result from incomplete formation of the interventricular septum. To produce a population of offspring with VSD in a reproducible and dose-dependent manner we administered dimethadione (DMO) to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the sensitive window of embryonic heart development. DMO, a discontinued anticonvulsant drug, is a potent heart teratogen; when administered in six doses it produces 74% incidence of VSD with poor postnatal viability, whereas four doses produces 43% VSD with greater postnatal survival. We aimed to use these models to test the hypothesis that in utero exposure to DMO interferes with normal gene expression patterning in the developing heart, resulting in CHDs which spontaneously resolve postnatally, yet exhibit maladaptive ...
The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention is the leading private funder of suicide prevention research in the United States.
New AGHLS research, published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports studies person-related determinants of TV viewing and computer time in a cohort of young Dutch adults:. We aimed to assess the associations of person-related factors with leisure time television (TV) viewing and computer time among young adults. We analyzed self-reported TV viewing (h/week) and leisure computer time (h/week) from 475 Dutch young adults (47% male) who had participated in the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study at the age of 32 and 36 years. Sociodemographic factors (i.e., marital and employment status), physical factors (i.e., skin folds, aerobic fitness, neuromotor fitness, back problems), psychological factors (i.e., problem- and emotion-focused coping, personality), lifestyle (i.e., alcohol consumption, smoking, energy intake, physical activity), and self-rated health (i.e., general health status, mild health complaints) were assessed. Univariable and multivariable ...
The joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data has received extraordinary attention in the statistics literature recently, with models and methods becoming increasingly more complex. Most of these approaches pair a proportional hazards survival with longitudinal trajectory modeling through parametric or nonparametric specifications. In this paper we closely examine one data set previously analyzed using a two parameter parametric model for Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) egg-laying trajectories paired with accelerated failure time and proportional hazards survival models. We consider parametric and nonparametric versions of these two models, as well as a proportional odds rate model paired with a wide variety of longitudinal trajectory assumptions reflecting the types of analyses seen in the literature. In addition to developing novel nonparametric Bayesian methods for joint models, we emphasize the importance of model selection from among joint and non joint models. The default in the ...
Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Female; Food, Fortified; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Thyroid Gland; Young Adult; Clinical Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ...
Studies have indicated a pervasive pattern of decreasing healthcare costs during elderly patients last year of life. The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of high healthcare costs (HC) in elderly liver cancer patients in Taiwan during their last month of life (LML). Costs of hospitalization, outpatient visits, aggressiveness of care, and associated costs for elderly (age ≥ 65 y) patients with liver cancer in the LML were analyzed using a national insurance database. An HC was defined as being greater than the 90th percentile (US $5093) in the LML, amounting to 38.95% of total healthcare costs. We enrolled 2121 subjects who died during 1997-2011. Mean healthcare costs per person in their LML were US $8042 ± 3477 in the HC group and US $1407 ± 1464 in the non-HC group (p | 0.001). For patients receiving aggressive end-of-life (EOL) cancer care (e.g. intensive care, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, anticancer treatment, and a high number of admission days), comorbidities of chronic kidney
Participants will be assessed daily for the first five days by SR or a clinical research nurse, both trained in the assessment of delirium. From day 6, those with delirium will continue to be seen daily until delirium resolution. In the absence of delirium from day 6, or following resolution of delirium, participants will be screened regularly for delirium using a semi-structured interview including a modified version of the Delirium Observation and Screening Scale [25]. Should participants display any signs of delirium according to this, the full assessment described above will be performed to determine whether DSM-5 delirium is present.. These assessments will enable the recording of the duration and characteristics of delirium or the development of new delirium. It will be possible to follow the natural history of the delirium in terms of any fluctuations, potential resolution and therefore estimate duration. The subsequent development of delirium in previously non-delirious participants will ...
The novel findings of this study are that elderly liver cancer patients with HCs in their LML include patients receiving aggressive EOL cancer care such as ICU care, ventilator support, anticancer treatment, and a high number of admission days. Additionally, comorbidities such as CKD, esophageal varices with bleeding and receiving opioid medicine are significant independent positive predictors of HCs. However, patients with more admission times in the LML, comorbidities of ascites and hypertension were significantly negative predictors of HCs.. The cost of cancer care has increased dramatically in the past 20 years, particularly at EOL [26], thus taxing a burdened health care system. Carlson et al. reported that Medicare patients with healthcare costs greater than the 95th percentile consumed 40% of total Medicare costs from 1998 to 2002 [42]. In the current study, 212 patients (10%) had HCs (, US $5093 per person), accounting for 38.95% of the total healthcare costs of this population. Our ...
Current surveillance for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MoMHR) patients is not evidence based. This study established changes that occurred in 152 asymptomatic MoMHRs using repeat ultrasound and patient-reported outcomes. Factors associated with (1) ultrasound progression and (2) developing new pseudotumors were analyzed. Patients underwent repeat assessments 4.3 years later. Ultrasound progression was observed in 19% (n = 29), with 10% (n = 15) developing new pseudotumors. Key predictors of ultrasound progression included high blood cobalt (P = .00013) and chromium (P = .00065), and high initial ultrasound grade (P = .003) and volume (P = .036). No asymptomatic MoMHRs with initially normal metal ions (|2 μg/L) and normal ultrasounds (33% of cohort) developed new pseudotumors. This patient subgroup does not require repeat follow-up within 5 years.
The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) is very pleased to announce that a new round of interviews with Graduates and their selected Sibling will begin in July 2019 and continue until approximately 2024. As in past years, the University of Wisconsin Survey Center (UWSC) will be contacting participants for interviews.
Metabolic functions may operate as important biophysiological mechanisms through which social relationships affect health. It is unclear how social embeddedness or the lack thereof is related to risk of metabolic dysregulation. To fill this gap we tested the effects of social integration on metabolic functions over time in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States and examined population heterogeneity in the effects. Using longitudinal data from 4,323 adults aged over 50 years in the Health and Retirement Study and latent growth curve models, we estimated the trajectories of social integration spanning five waves, 1998-2006, in relation to biomarkers of energy metabolism in 2006. We assessed social integration using a summary index of the number of social ties across five domains. We examined six biomarkers, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the
Metabolic functions may operate as important biophysiological mechanisms through which social relationships affect health. It is unclear how social embeddedness or the lack thereof is related to risk of metabolic dysregulation. To fill this gap we tested the effects of social integration on metabolic functions over time in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States and examined population heterogeneity in the effects. Using longitudinal data from 4,323 adults aged over 50 years in the Health and Retirement Study and latent growth curve models, we estimated the trajectories of social integration spanning five waves, 1998-2006, in relation to biomarkers of energy metabolism in 2006. We assessed social integration using a summary index of the number of social ties across five domains. We examined six biomarkers, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common disorder with under-rated clinical impact, which is increasingly being recognised as having a major b