Looking for online definition of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 in the Medical Dictionary? adenine nucleotide translocator 1 explanation free. What is adenine nucleotide translocator 1? Meaning of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 medical term. What does adenine nucleotide translocator 1 mean?

Synonyms for Adenine nucleotide translocator in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Adenine nucleotide translocator. 1 synonym for adenine: A. What are synonyms for Adenine nucleotide translocator?

The four known human ANT isoforms (ANT1, ANT2, ANT3, and ANT4) exhibit tissue-, cell-type-, and developmental stage-specific expression patterns [18]. ANT1 is strongly expressed in terminally differentiated cells; ANT2 is overexpressed in tissues that have high proliferative ability and in several cancer cell lines [16, 21]; and ANT3 is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. Whereas ANT1 and ANT3 exert pro-apoptotic effects when overexpressed, ANT2, instead, has an anti-apoptotic function [20, 28]. We previously observed that ANT2 is overexpressed in the breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 but is absent from the non-neoplastic mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A [16]. Moreover, vector-based RNAi knockdown of ANT2 expression in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death; these events were accompanied by cellular energy (ATP) depletion, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, Bax induction, and Bcl-xL down-regulation [16]. TNF-α and TNF receptor I ...

Mitochondrial carriers are believed widely to be homodimers both in the inner membrane of the organelle and in detergents. The dimensions and molecular masses of the detergent and protein-detergent micelles were measured for yeast ADP/ATP carriers in a range of different detergents. The radius of the carrier at the midpoint of the membrane, its average radius, its Stokes' radius, its molecular mass, and its excluded volume were determined. These parameters are consistent with the known structural model of the bovine ADP/ATP carrier and they demonstrate that the yeast mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers are monomeric in detergents. Therefore, models of substrate transport have to be considered in which the carrier operates as a monomer rather than as a dimer.. ...

2015 Elsevier Ltd. Background Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate can cause renal and bone toxic effects related to high plasma tenofovir concentrations. Tenofovir alafenamide is a novel tenofovir prodrug with a 90% reduction in plasma tenofovir concentrations. Tenofovir alafenamide-containing regimens can have improved renal and bone safety compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimens. Methods In these two controlled, double-blind phase 3 studies, we recruited treatment-naive HIV-infected patients with an estimated creatinine clearance of 50 mL per min or higher from 178 outpatient centres in 16 countries. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive once-daily oral tablets containing 150 mg elvitegravir, 150 mg cobicistat, 200 mg emtricitabine, and 10 mg tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/tenofovir alafenamide) or 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) with matching placebo. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated allocation sequence (block ...

The effect of the local anaesthetic, butacaine, on adenine nucleotide binding and translocation in rat liver mitochondria partially depleted of their adenine nucleotide content was investigated. The range of butacaine concentrations that inhibit adenine nucleotide translocation and the extent of the inhibition are similar to the values obtained for native mitochondria. Butacaine does not alter either the total number of atractyloside-sensitive binding sites of depleted mitochondria, or the affinity of these sites for ADP or ATP under conditions where a partial inhibition of the rate of adenine nucleotide translocation is observed. The data are consistent with an effect of butacaine on the process by which adenine nucleotides are transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane rather than on the binding of adenine nucleotides to sites on the adenine nucleotide carrier. The results are briefly discussed in relation to the use of local anaesthetics in investigations of the mechanism of adenine ...

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: Find the most comprehensive real-world treatment information on Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at PatientsLikeMe. 48 patients with fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetes type 2, systemic lupus erythematosus, post-traumatic stress disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, high blood pressure (hypertension), panic disorder, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), epilepsy, migraine, hypothyroidism, osteoarthritis, high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar II disorder, asthma, traumatic brain injury, social anxiety disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease or bipolar I disorder currently take Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

In brown-fat mitochondria, fatty acids induce thermogenic uncoupling through activation of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1). However, even in brown-fat mitochondria from UCP1−/− mice, fatty-acid-induced uncoupling exists. In the present investigation, we used the inhibitor CAtr (carboxyatractyloside) to examine the involvement of the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator) in the mediation of this UCP1-independent fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in brown-fat mitochondria. We found that the contribution of ANT to fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in UCP1−/− brown-fat mitochondria was minimal (whereas it was responsible for nearly half the fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in liver mitochondria). As compared with liver mitochondria, brown-fat mitochondria exhibit a relatively high (UCP1-independent) basal respiration ('proton leak'). Unexpectedly, a large fraction of this high basal respiration was sensitive to CAtr, whereas in liver mitochondria, basal respiration was CAtr-insensitive. Total ANT protein ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Nitroalkenes confer acute cardioprotection via adenine nucleotide translocase. AU - Nadtochiy, Sergiy M.. AU - Zhu, Qiuyu. AU - Urciuoli, William. AU - Rafikov, Ruslan. AU - Black, Stephen M.. AU - Brookes, Paul S.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2012/1/27. Y1 - 2012/1/27. N2 - Electrophilic nitrated lipids (nitroalkenes) are emerging as an important class of protective cardiovascular signaling molecules. Although species such as nitro-linoleate (LNO 2) and nitro-oleate can confer acute protection against cardiac ischemic injury, their mechanism of action is unclear. Mild uncoupling of mitochondria is known to be cardioprotective, and adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1) is a key mediator of mitochondrial uncoupling. ANT1 also contains redox-sensitive cysteines that may be targets for modification by nitroalkenes. Therefore, in this study we tested the hypothesis that nitroalkenes directly modify ANT1 and that nitroalkene-mediated ...

The effect of long-chain acyl-CoA on subcellular adenine nucleotide systems was studied in the intact liver cell. Long-chain acyl-CoA content was varied by varying the nutritional state (fed and starved states) or by addition of oleate. Starvation led to an increase in the mitochondrial and a decrease in the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio in liver both in vivo and in the isolated perfused organ as compared with the fed state. The changes were reversed on re-feeding glucose in liver in vivo or on infusion of substrates (glucose, glycerol) in the perfused liver, respectively. Similar changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios occurred on addition of oleate, but, importantly, not with a short-chain fatty acid such as octanoate. It is concluded that long-chain acyl-CoA exerts an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation in the intact cell, as was previously postulated in the literature from data obtained with isolated mitochondria. The physiological relevance with ...

Recently, published data showed combination of lamivudine and adefovir lead to PCR negativity (,1000 copies/mL) up to 80% in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B at year 2 [Rapti et al. Hepatology 2007 Feb;45(2):307-13.]. Other studies also showed 76% and 69% PCR negativity in mostly HBeAg negative subjects [Lampertico et al. Hepatology 2006 Oct;44(4) Suppl 1:556A-557A, Lampertico et al. Hepatology 2006 Oct;44(4) Suppl 1:693A-694A].. In the study for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients which included HBeAg positive subjects more predominantly, entecavir monotherapy showed 34% of PCR negativity (,300 copies/mL) at year 2 [Tenney DJ, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Mar;51(3):902-11].. Although it is assumed that combination of lamivudine and adefovir would be more effective than entecavir monotherapy for lamivudine resistant patients, we cannot verify the assumption, because there is no data directly comparing these two strategies until ...

Adenine nucleotide transporter involved in the uniport of ATP and adenine nucleotide hetero-exchange transport between the cytosol and the peroxisomal lumen. This transport is accompanied by a proton transport from the peroxisomal lumen to the cytosol. Transport of ATP into the peroxisome is required for beta-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids. Required for growth on medium-chain fatty acids, pH gradient formation in peroxisomes and for normal peroxisome proliferation.

DNA is a remarkable macromolecule that functions primarily as the carrier of the genetic information of organisms ranging from viruses to bacteria to eukaryotes. The ability of DNA polymerases to efficiently and accurately replicate genetic material represents one of the most fundamental yet complex biological processes found in nature. The central dogma of DNA polymerization is that the efficiency and fidelity of this biological process is dependent upon proper hydrogen-bonding interactions between an incoming nucleotide and its templating partner. However, the foundation of this dogma has been recently challenged by the demonstration that DNA polymerases can effectively and, in some cases, selectively incorporate non-natural nucleotides lacking classic hydrogen-bonding capabilities into DNA. In this review, we describe the results of several laboratories that have employed a variety of non-natural nucleotide analogs to decipher the molecular mechanism of DNA polymerization. The use of various non

Several new synthetic agents show high affinity for binding adenine derivatives. The structures feature complementary hydrogen bonds that cause the molecular chelation of the purine nucleus. The high lipophilicity of the new agents permits the transport of adenosine and deoxyadenosine across organic liquid membranes. The use of synthetic receptors for small biological targets may have application in drug delivery. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Adefovir dipivoxil and pegylated interferon alpha for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. T2 - an updated systematic review and economic evaluation. AU - Shepherd, J. AU - Jones, Jeremy. AU - Baxter, L. AU - Gospodarevskaya, E. AU - Hartwell, D. AU - Harris, P. AU - Price, A. PY - 2009/7. Y1 - 2009/7. N2 - OBJECTIVE: To update and extend a 2006 report on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-alpha) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).DATA SOURCES: Thirteen bibliographic databases were searched including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Searches were run from the beginning of 2005 to September 2007.REVIEW METHODS: For the clinical effectiveness review, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ADV, PEG-alpha-2a and PEG-alpha-2b with currently licensed treatments for CHB, including non-pegylated interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and lamivudine (LAM), were included. Outcomes included ...

IM De la Fuente, JM Cortes, E Valero, M Desroches, S Rodrigues, I Malaina and L Martinez. On the dynamics of the Adenylate Energy System: Homeorhesis vs Homeostasis. Plos One 9: e108676, 2014 [pdf]. Biochemical energy is the fundamental element that maintains both the adequate turnover of the biomolecular structures and the functional metabolic viability of unicellular organisms. The levels of ATP, ADP and AMP reflect roughly the energetic status of the cell, and a precise ratio relating them was proposed by Atkinson as the adenylate energy charge (AEC). Under growth-phase conditions, cells maintain the AEC within narrow physiological values, despite extremely large fluctuations in the adenine nucleotides concentration. Intensive experimental studies have shown that these AEC values are preserved in a wide variety of organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Here, to understand some of the functional elements involved in the cellular energy status, we present a computational model conformed by ...

We believe that this is the first report of a patient developing FCH while being treated with lamivudine. The response to treatment of lamivudine resistant FCH with adefovir dipivoxil was rapid and complete and sustained at 16 months.. The risk of graft infection with HBV after liver transplantation is greater in those patients with detectable HBV replication at the time of transplantation. In the mid-1990s, many centres excluded patients with HBeAg or HBV DNA in serum from liver transplantation because of the poor associated prognosis following graft infection with HBV. The Eurohep consensus document in 1994 recommended that such patients should only undergo transplantation in the context of a clinical trial.18 For those patients without detectable HBV replication at the time of transplantation, the risk of graft infection and death from HBV related graft disease is reduced by HBIg.19 The introduction of lamivudine has revolutionised the management of patients undergoing liver transplantation ...

BioAssay record AID 488052 submitted by ChEMBL: Antiplatelet activity in human platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation measured for 6 mins by aggregometry.

1. The formation of adenosine 5'-phosphate, guanosine 5'-phosphate and inosine 5'-phosphate from [8-(14)C]adenine, [8-(14)C]guanine and [8-(14)C]hypoxanthine respectively in the presence of 5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate and an extract from Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells was assayed by a method involving liquid-scintillation counting of the radioactive nucleotides on diethylaminoethylcellulose paper. The results obtained with guanine were confirmed by a spectrophotometric assay which was also used to assay the conversion of 6-mercaptopurine and 5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate into 6-thioinosine 5'-phosphate in the presence of 6-mercaptopurine phosphoribosyltransferase from these cells. 2. At pH 7.8 and 25 degrees the Michaelis constants for adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine were 0.9 mum, 2.9 mum and 11.0 mum in the assay with radioactive purines; the Michaelis constant for guanine in the spectrophotometric assay was 2.6 mum. At pH 7.9 the Michaelis constant for 6-mercaptopurine was 10.9 mum. 3. 25 mum-6

Entecavir(ETV) plus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate(TDF) combination will show effective antiviral activity and prevent further development of antiviral resistance in hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive or -negative Chronic Hepatitis B(CHB) patients who experienced multidrug resistance. All subjects will orally take investigational drugs once daily for 48 weeks. All subjects will be assessed at baseline, Week 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48. Evaluations at each visit will include vital signs, physical examinations, laboratory tests and HBV DNA levels. They were also questioned about adverse events and concomitant medications. At baseline and every six months thereafter, serum will be assayed for HBV serology. Genotypic analysis will be performed at baseline and 48 weeks. ...

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder associated with the partial deletion of integral numbers of 3.3 kb D4Z4 DNA repeats within the subtelomere of chromosome 4q. A number of candidate FSHD genes, adenine nucleotide translocator 1 gene (ANT1), FSHD-related gene 1 (FRG1), FRG2 and DUX4c, upstream of the D4Z4 array (FSHD locus), and double homeobox chromosome 4 (DUX4) within the repeat itself, are upregulated in some patients, thus suggesting an underlying perturbation of the chromatin structure. Furthermore, a mouse model overexpressing FRG1 has been generated, displaying skeletal muscle defects. Results: In the context of myogenic differentiation, we compared the chromatin structure and tridimensional interaction of the D4Z4 array and FRG1 gene promoter, and FRG1 expression, in control and FSHD cells. The FRG1 gene was prematurely expressed during FSHD myoblast differentiation, thus suggesting that the number of D4Z4 repeats in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Bacterial DNA supercoiling and [ATP]/[ADP] ratio. T2 - Changes associated with salt shock. AU - Hsieh, L. S.. AU - Rouviere-Yaniv, J.. AU - Drlica, K.. PY - 1991. Y1 - 1991. N2 - When Escherichia coli K-12 was shifted from a medium lacking salt to one containing 0.5 M NaCl, both the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio and negative supercoiling of plasmid DNA increased within a few minutes. After about 10 min both declined, eventually reaching a level slightly above that observed with cells growing exponentially in the absence of salt. Since in vitro the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio influences the level of supercoiling generated by gyrase (H. Westerhoff, M. O'Dea, A. Maxwell, and M. Gellert, Cell Biophys. 12:157-181, 1988), the physiological response of supercoiling to salt shock is most easily explained by the sensitivity of gyrase to changes in the intracellular [ATP]/[ADP] ratio. This raises the possibility that the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio is an important factor in the control of supercoiling.. AB - When ...

BioAssay record AID 336312 submitted by ChEMBL: Antiplatelet activity against bovine citreated platelet assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation up to 278 ug/ml after 6 mins.

The nucleic acid polymers REP 2139 and REP 2165 led to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reduction or clearance when combined with tenofovir and pegylated interferon, according to early results from a small study presented as a late-breaker at the 2016 AASLD Liver Meeting this month in Boston. This combination may potentially enable functional control of hepatitis B if confirmed in larger studies.. Over years or decades chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to advanced liver disease including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Antiviral therapy using nucleoside/nucleotide analogues such as entecavir (Baraclude) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) is the mainstay of treatment for chronic hepatitis B. While these drugs can suppress HBV replication during therapy, and can thereby reduce the risk of liver disease progression, they usually do not lead to a cure - as indicated by HBsAg loss and anti-HBs antibody seroconversion - and long-term treatment is generally needed. Researchers ...

The likely nucleotide content of our modern Western diet has changed considerably when compared to that of our grandparents. If we go back even further in time to before the domestication of animals and plants and the industrialisation of agriculture and food production methods we find the changes to be even more significant.. A selection of results from recent investigations into the nucleotide content of a range of different foodstuffs is shown in figure 1 below. Based on the analysis of freeze-dried samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) the total nucleotide content for a typical adult portion size is shown in each case.. The results reveal some dramatic differences in the likely nucleotide intake of meat versus vegetarian diets, pointing to the highest contents in the offal-type (or organ) meats far less likely to be found on dinner plates today.. ...

1. Human leucocytes whose adenine nucleotide pool was prelabelled with [3H]adenine were investigated for their capacity to release adenosine and its metabolites and histamine when activated with the calcium ionophore A23187, antiimmunoglobulin E and the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP).. 2. Sixty-nine per cent of the 3H-label assimilated by the cells was incorporated into their adenine nucleotide pool in the ratio adenosine 5′-phosphate (AMP):adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate (ADP):adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), 3:1:1. Spontaneous release of label from leucocytes plateaued at 5 min at 22.1 ± 4.2% of the total radiolabel incorporated and mainly consisted of hypoxanthine, inosine and adenosine.. 3. Activation of cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 (1.0 μmol/l) caused a net increase in [3H]purine release above baseline of 27.9 ± 4.6% accompanied by a net basophil histamine release of 46.6 ± 9.4%. A23187 (1.0-3.0 μmol/l) caused a parallel ...

Cyclophilin-D is a peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase of the mitochondrial matrix. It is involved in mitochondrial permeability transition, in which the adenine nucleotide translocase of the inner membrane is transformed from an antiporter to a non-selective pore. The permeability transition has bee …

Thermogenin (called uncoupling protein by its discoverers and now known as uncoupling protein 1, or UCP1) is an uncoupling protein found in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue (BAT). It is used to generate heat by non-shivering thermogenesis, and makes a quantitatively important contribution to countering heat loss in neonates which would otherwise occur due to their high surface area-volume ratio. UCPs are transmembrane proteins that decrease the proton gradient generated in oxidative phosphorylation. They do this by increasing the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane, allowing protons that have been pumped into the intermembrane space to return to the mitochondrial matrix. UCP1-mediated heat generation in brown fat uncouples the respiratory chain, allowing for fast substrate oxidation with a low rate of ATP production. UCP1 is related to other mitochondrial metabolite transporters such as the adenine nucleotide translocator, a proton channel in the mitochondrial inner membrane ...

Clofarabine (injection) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 to 21 years old with relapsed acute or refractory lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have had at least 2 prior treatment regimens.. There is no recommended standard treatment for relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia in older patients. Cytarabine is the most commonly used drug to treat these patients. This study will determine if there is benefit by combining clofarabine with cytarabine. Patients will be randomized to receive up to 3 cycles of treatment with either placebo in combination with cytarabine or clofarabine in combination with cytarabine. Randomization was stratified by remission status following the first induction regimen (no remission [i.e., CR1 = refractory] or remission ,6 months vs CR1 = remission ≥6 months). CR1 is defined as remission after first pre-study induction regimen. The safety and tolerability of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine ...

AIMS: In this study we investigated whether attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) could protect HepG2 cells from free fatty acid (FFA)-induced apoptosis. MAIN METHODS: Human liver cell line HepG2 cells were exposed to Sodium Palmitate (Pa) or Sodium Oleate (Ol). Apoptosis and ER stress of HepG2 cells were analyzed with flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR and Western Blotting. An expression plasmid encoding for the ER chaperone immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (Bip) was transfected into HepG2 cells to attenuate ER stress. Small interfering RNA siCHOP was used to knockdown the expression of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) in HepG2. KEY FINDINGS: Pa led to cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent pattern and also induced ER stress indicated by increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, upregulation of IRE1alpha and CHOP. Bip expression levels were slightly down regulated after Pa treatment. The unsaturated fatty acid, Ol, induced neither apoptosis nor ER stress in

While 25 compounds have been formally licensed for the treatment of HIV infection (AIDS), only seven licensed products are currently available for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: interferon-α, pegylated interferon-α, lamivudine, adefovir (dipivoxil), entecavir, telbivudine and tenofovir (disoproxil fumarate). In contrast to the treatment of HIV infections where the individual drugs are routinely used in combination, for the treatment of chronic HBV infection the individual drugs are generally used in monotherapy. In principle, combination drug therapy should allow reducing the likelihood of drug-resistant development.

Compared to healthy individuals, those with stably repressed HIV experience a higher risk of developing insulin resistance, a hallmark of pre-diabetes and a major determinant for cardiometabolic diseases. Although epigenetic processes, including in particular DNA methylation, appear to be dysregulated in individuals with insulin resistance, little is known about where these occur in the genomes of immune cells and the origins of these alterations in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we examined the genome-wide DNA methylation states of monocytes in HIV-infected individuals (n = 37) with varying levels of insulin sensitivity measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). By profiling DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in monocytes from insulin-resistant (IR; HOMA-IR ≥ 2.0; n = 14) and insulin-sensitive (IS; HOMA-IR | 2.0; n = 23) individuals, we identified 123 CpGs with significantly different DNA

Our data show that gAcrp30 partially rescues beta cells from cytokine- and fatty-acid-induced apoptosis and completely restores autoimmune- and lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction of insulin-producing cells. We suggest that gAcrp30 exerts its anti-apoptotic function without modulating NF-kappaB activat …

The colorectal cancer (CRC) is one leading contributor of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The search for effective anti-CRC agents is valuable. In the current study, we showed that icaritin (ICT), an active natural ingredient from the Chinese plant Epimedium, potently inhibited proliferation and survival of established (HT-29, HCT-116, DLD-1, and SW-620) and primary (patient-derived) CRC cells. Significantly, ICT mainly induced necrosis, but not apoptosis, in CRC cells. The necrosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 attenuated ICT-mediated cytotoxicity in CRC cells. We showed that ICT treatment in CRC cells induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, which was evidenced by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease and mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator-1 (ANT-1)-cyclophilin-D (CyPD) association. On the other hand, mPTP blockers, including sanglifehrin A, cyclosporin A, and bongkrekic acid, as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of mPTP component (CyPD or ANT-1), ...

The 'second mechanism of respiratory control' (allosteric ATP-inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO)) is demonstrated for the first time in intact isolated rat liver and heart mitochondria. The problems of measuring the kinetics of allosteric ATP-inhibition in isolated mitochondria were investigated. And it was found that only at very high ATP/ADP ratios, this inhibition is obtained and requires an ATP-regenerating system consisting of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate kinase (PK). The allosteric ATP-inhibition can be switched off probably by dephosphorylation of a serine at CcO subunit-I. The phosphorylation of CcO at serine, threonine and tyrosine was studied in isolated mitochondria by extracting complex IV of the respiratory chain (CcO) by BN-PAGE (blue-nativepolyacrylamide- gel-electrophoresis), SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with the corresponding antibodies against the phosphorylated amino acids. The extent of allosteric ATP-inhibition of CcO varied in different preparations of ...

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Studies of the mechanisms by which DNA polymerases select the correct nucleotide frequently employ fluorescently labeled DNA to monitor conformational rearrangements of the polymerase-DNA complex in response to incoming nucleotides. For this purpose, fluorescent base analogs play an increasingly important role because they interfere less with the DNA-protein interaction than do tethered fluorophores. Here we report the incorporation of the 5'-triphosphates of two exceptionally bright cytosine analogs, 1,3-diaza-2-oxo-phenothiazine (tC) and its oxo-homolog, 1,3-diaza-2-oxo-phenoxazine (tC(O)), into DNA by the Klenow fragment. Both nucleotide analogs are polymerized with slightly higher efficiency opposite guanine than cytosine triphosphate and are shown to bind with nanomolar affinity to the DNA polymerase active site, according to fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Using this method, we perform competitive binding experiments and show that they can be used to determine the dissociation constant of

Listing of all Polbase results with context for Reference: Human mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ exhibits potential for bypass and mutagenesis at UV-induced cyclobutane thymine dimers., Polymerase: Human Pol gamma, Property: Full length or truncated

A computational model for the ATP-ADP steady-state exchange rate mediated by adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) versus mitochondrial membrane potential dependence in isolated rat liver mitochondria is presented. The model represents the system of three ordinary differential equations, and the basic components included are ANT,...

Both cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids and sodium dodecyl sulfate activated NADPH oxidase in plasma membranes of human neutrophils in the presence of neutrophil cytosol. In contrast, 5,8,11,14-icosatetraynoic acid, saturated fatty acids, esters, peroxides and 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a potent activator of protein kinase C, were inactive. 5,8,11,14-icosatetraynoic acid inhibited superoxide formation elicited by fatty acids. Guanosine 5'[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[gamma S]), a potent activator of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (N-proteins) enhanced superoxide formation elicited by fatty acids up to fourfold, supporting our previous suggestion that NADPH oxidase is regulated by an N-protein [Seifert, R. et al. (1986) FEBS Lett. 205, 161-165]. Cytosols from various tissues, soybean lipoxygenase and protein kinase C, purified from chicken stomach, did not substitute neutrophil cytosol. The activity of neutrophil cytosol was destroyed by heating at 95 degrees C. Superoxide ...

Slc25a4 (untagged) - Mouse solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4 (cDNA clone, (10ug), 10 µg.

Tay, B S.; Lilley, R M.; Murray, A W.; and Atkinson, M R., "Inhibition of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase from ehrlich ascites-tumour cells by thiopurine nucleotides." (1969). Subject Strain Bibliography 1969. 1170 ...

Nucleotide sugars are the activated forms of monosaccharides. Nucleotide sugars act as glycosyl donors in glycosylation reactions. Those reactions are catalyzed by a group of enzymes called glycosyltransferases. The anabolism of oligosaccharides - and, hence, the role of nucleotide sugars - was not clear until the 1950s when Leloir and his coworkers found that the key enzymes in this process are the glycosyltransferases. These enzymes transfer a glycosyl group from a sugar nucleotide to an acceptor. To act as glycosyl donors, those monosaccharides should exist in a highly energetic form. This occurs as a result of a reaction between nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and glycosyl monophosphate (phosphate at anomeric carbon). The recent discovery of the reversibility of many glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions calls into question the designation of sugar nucleotides as 'activated' donors. There are nine sugar nucleotides in humans which act as glycosyl donors and they can be classified depending ...

Sean-Patrick Scott graduated with a Bachelor in Science in Chemical Engineering from the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York in 1991. He graduated with a Ph.D. in biochemistry and molecular biophysics from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1998. His thesis was "Predicting and Testing the Structural Basis of Nucleotide Discrimination in Cyclic Nucleotide Activated Channels" with Jaqueline C. Tanaka. He did his post-doctoral work with Irene T. Weber in the field of protein design, x-ray crystallography, and assay development funded by an NIH (United States) National Service Award at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and University of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia from 1999 to 2001. He was a special appointment research professor at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 2002-2003, and a research assistant professor at University of Houston, Houston, Texas, from 2003-2005, funded by the American Heart Association to look at the ...

The HIV-1 encoded apoptogenic protein Vpr induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) via interactions with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). We have designed a peptide, TEAM-VP, composed of two functional domains, one a tumor blood v …

Cardiolipin is found predominantly in the membranes of mitochondria and bacteria. It is a unique diphosphatidylglycerol containing four acyl groups. In animal tissues 80% of the acyl groups are composed of linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)).

The identification of Barth′s syndrome, a disease associated with abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of cardiolipin causing cardiomyopathy and neutropenia, has displayed the importance of cardiolipin in mitochondrial functionality. Cardiolipin effects mitochondrial bioenergetics by providing essential structural and functional support to proteins localized within the mitochondria. Specifically, interaction of cardiolipin with cytochrome oxidase and adenine nucleotide translocase is required in order for both of these mitochondrial enzymes to maintain activity.

Cardiolipin has been shown to perform a role in a number of other specific biological activities, including oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, cholesterol translocation and gene

APRT - APRT (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), transcript variant 1 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

This crossword puzzle on the types of cell transport is a fun vocabulary review for students and contains the following: 1. Blank Version without word bank 2. Blank Version with word bank 3. Answer Key Vocabulary Words: ♦ ATP ♦ Carrier

Cyclophilin-D Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 178 aa having a molecular mass of 18.9kDa.

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