TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrolysis of olive mill waste to enhance rhamnolipids and surfactin production. AU - Ramírez, IM. AU - Vaz, DA. AU - Banat, Ibrahim M. AU - Marchant, Roger. AU - Alameda, EJ. AU - Román, MG. PY - 2016/1/13. Y1 - 2016/1/13. N2 - The aim of this work was to demonstrate the effectiveness of hydrolysis pretreatment of olive mill (OMW) waste before use as a carbon source in biosurfactant production by fermentation. Three hydrolysis methods were assessed: enzymatic hydrolysis, acid pretreatment plus enzymatic hydrolysis, and acid hydrolysis. Fermentation was carried out using two bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Our results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis was the best pretreatment, yielding up to 29.5 and 13.7 mg/L of rhamnolipids and surfactins respectively. Glucose did not show significant differences in comparison to enzymatically hydrolysed OMW. At the best conditions found rhamnolipids and surfactins reached concentrations of 299 and 26.5 ...

In contrast, C. parapsilosis, our most common breakthrough Candida spp., has not been associated with characteristic hot-spot mutations. Instead, a naturally occurring polymorphism in the FKS gene is thought to confer higher echinocandin MICs. Among 759 C. parapsilosis isolates recovered in global surveillance, the MIC90 of micafungin was 2 μg/ml, although no organism had an MIC of ,2 μg/ml (42). The amino acid substitution of proline for alanine (P660A) encoded in the FKS1 hot-spot region of C. parapsilosis appears to be responsible for the intrinsically higher MICs (12). In our C. parapsilosis breakthrough isolates, none had characteristic hot-spot mutations but all contained the naturally occurring P660A substitution and mixed echinocandin MICs. Eighty-three percent (5/6) of our C. parapsilosis isolates had nonsusceptible micafungin MICs (range, 4 to 8 μg/ml), a finding which clearly differs from the global surveillance data (42). These six isolates all had caspofungin MICs of 0.5 to 1 ...

Objectives: We investigated the effects of fluconazole and micafungin for the therapy of deep-seated candidiasis in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mouse model.. Methods: We used the experimental model of intraperitoneal fungal abscess caused by Candida albicans, as described previously.. Results and conclusions: Micafungin efficacy was equal to that of fluconazole in one-tenth dosage even in peritonitis. We also assessed the short-term (24 h) and long-term (8 days) therapeutic effects after the end of therapy. Although the therapeutic effect of fluconazole was similar to that of micafungin at 24 h after the end of therapy, the effect of micafungin was superior to that of fluconazole at 8 days after the end of therapy.. ...

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In patients with cancer a meta-analysis showed that primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) with moldactive antifungals agents reduced the documented aspergillosis (Robenshtok JCO 2007). Micafungin, an echinocandin with activity against Candida and Aspergillus, has a good safety profi le, even in patients with liver or kidney impairments, and it can be used at the same time with the conditioning treatment (CT). Moreover it has no signifi cant interactions with other drugs. In the last three years (September-08/September-11) we have progressively changed our PAP with intravenous itraconazole by micafungin during the neutropenic period in HSCT. We used intravenous itraconazole on the day +1 and micafungin at the beginning of CT. Both were used until resolved mucositis and oral fungal prophylaxis with posaconazole could be started. Moreover intravenous PAP ...

Micafungin is an antifungal medication that fights infections caused by fungus. Micafungin is used to treat infections caused by the Candida fungus. Micafungin is also used to prevent Candida fungal infections in stem cell transplant patients. Micafungin is for use in adults and children who are at least 4 months old...

Whilst micafungin (Mycamine®) has much to offer, little is known about its pharmacokinetic profile in ICU patients with specific co-morbidities such as obesity, hypoalbumenia, and severe liverfunction disturbances. Also, ICU patients are known to experience changes in pharmacokinetics (PK) due to changes in hemodynamics, extracorporeal elimination techniques, interacting comedication, etc. Based on criteria outlined below, micafungin may prove to be the drug of choice in this cohort of patients. Therefore it seems prudent to conduct a trial in a cohort of patients who receive micafungin but with co-variates that may be of influence to the pharmacokinetic profile. To build a valid pharmacokinetic model, all patients on micafungin will be included in the analysis and used for model building. Co-variates that will be explored are at least: obesitas, liverfunction, albumin, creatinin-clearance. Simulations will be performed to determine if adequate exposure is reached under different ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Failure of mycoplasma lipoprotein MALP-2 to induce NK cell activation through dendritic cell TLR2. AU - Sawahata, Ryoko. AU - Shime, Hiroaki. AU - Yamazaki, Sayuri. AU - Inoue, Norimitsu. AU - Akazawa, Takashi. AU - Fujimoto, Yukari. AU - Fukase, Koichi. AU - Matsumoto, Misako. AU - Seya, Tsukasa. PY - 2011/4/1. Y1 - 2011/4/1. N2 - Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2), a mycoplasmal diacylated lipopeptide with palmitic acid moiety (Pam2), activates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 to induce inflammatory cytokines. TLR2 is known to mature myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) to drive mDC contact-mediated natural killer (NK) cell activation. Here we tested if MALP-2 activates NK cells through stimulation of TLR2 on mDC. Although synthetic MALP-2 with 6 or 14 amino acids (a.a.) stretch (designated as s and f) matured mDC to induce IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α to a similar extent, they far less activated NK cells than Pam2CSK4, a positive control of 6 a.a.-containing diacyl lipopeptide. ...

Biosurfactants are smart biomolecules which have wide spread application in medicines, processed foods, cosmetics as well as in bioremediation. In food industry, biosurfactants are used as emulsion stabilising agents, antiadhesives, and antimicrobial/antibiofilm agents. Nowadays biosurfactant demands in industries has increased tremendously and therefore new bacterial strains are being explored for large scale production of biosurfactants. In this study, an actinobacterial strain MSA31 was isolated from a marine sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa which showed high activity in biosurfactant screening assays such as drop collapsing, oil displacement, lipase and emulsification. Lipopeptide produced by MSA31 was found to be thermostable which was evident in differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The spectral data obtained in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of aliphatic groups combined with peptide moiety which is a characteristic feature of lipopeptides. The stability index

November 4, 1999. Hedge Balls, Acorns and Hardware. Grazing short pastures, which most beef producers are doing, provides the opportunity for beef cattle to consume numerous particles that oftentimes create problems producers need to be aware of. The height of the grass available for grazing certainly leaves something to be desired. One prominent cattle producer reminded me several years ago to remember that under short grazing conditions an old cow will eat anything. Whenever we have these grazing conditions the door is open for obstacles we normally don t think about.. One of these problems is the availability of hedge apples or hedge balls. I know of no digestive problems resulting from cattle consuming hedge balls. However, choking is a problem if large portions of the hedge ball are swallowed or the hedge ball is swallowed whole. Cows choking on hedge balls have excessive salivation, and bloat frequently occurs resulting in death due to not being able to belch. Lodging of the large ...

Downloadable! This paper examines four different daily datasets of hedge fund return indexes: MSCI, FTSE, Dow Jones and HFRX, all based on investable hedge funds, and three different monthly datasets of hedge fund return indexes: CSFB, CISDM and HFR which comprise both investable and non-investable hedge funds. Our study, based on standard statistical analysis, non-parametric analysis of the distribution and non-parametric regressions with respect to the S&P500 index shows that key data biases and disparate index construction methodologies lead to different statistical properties of hedge fund databases. One key variable that highly affects the statistical properties of hedge fund index returns is the �investability� of hedge funds

A lipopeptide is a molecule consisting of a lipid connected to a peptide.[1] Bacteria express these molecules. They are able to self-assemble into different structures.[1][2][3] Certain lipopeptides are used as antibiotics.[4][5] Other lipopeptides are toll-like receptor agonists.[3] Lipoproteins are self-assembling molecules that are able to form structures.[6] Certain lipopeptides can have strong antifungal and hemolytic activities.[7] It has been demonstrated that their activity is generally linked to interactions with the plasma membrane,[8] and sterol components of the plasma membrane could play a major role in this interaction.[9][10] It is a general trend that adding a lipid group of a certain length (typically C10-C12) to a lipopeptide will increase its bactericidal activity.[11] Lipopeptides with a higher amount of carbon atoms, for example 14 or 16, in its lipid tail will typically have antibacterial activity as well as anti-fugal activity.[11] ...

In human neutrophils, the synthetic lipopeptide, N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3- bis(palmitoyloxy-(2RS)-propyl]-(R)-cysteinyl-(S)-seryl-(S)-lysyl-( S)-lysyl-(S) -lysyl-(S)-lysine [Pam3CysSer(Lys)4], activates NADPH-oxidase catalyzed superoxide (O2-) formation through pertussis-toxin-sensitive and pertussis-toxin-insensitive mechanisms (Seifert, R., Schultz, G., Richter-Freund, M., Metzger, J., Wiesmüller, K.-H., Jung, G., Bessler, W. G. & Hauschildt, S. (1990) Biochem. J. 267, 795-802). We studied the effects of lipopeptides on differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells. Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 enhanced phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced O2- formation (presumably through the expression of components of NADPH oxidase) in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal effect at 100 ng/ml and a maximum at 1 microgram/ml. The effect of the lipopeptide was evident after 24 h and reached a plateau after 48 h. (2S,6S)-2-Palmitoylamino-6,7- bis(palmitoyloxy)heptanoyl-(S)-seryl-(S)-lysyl-(S)-lysyl-(S) ...

Ha! I was going to start a thread on this and am happy to get beat to the punch!. Last night I did a Hedge School session, it went pretty good. Let me do a qick primer on what that means. The Hedge is a as yet amorphous community coming together to shelter our community from the harsher winds of chane which are blowing, by way of weaving our lives together for mutual support and by personal growth and improvement individually and boosting one another. Thats the Hedge. There are two monthly events to realize this. The first event is the Hedge Meeting, any body at all interested in theory or practice come to that first Sundays, we chew the fat together, its nice, and thats all its got to be. So, now we are full circle back to the Hedge School, which I did session one of last night.. The Hedge School is for people who are interested in really doing something to foster the group. I didnt promote it as much because I only wanted the people who would come with gentile prompting. Got 8 folks, ...

Current therapies to treat asthma and other airway diseases primarily include anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. Anti-inflammatory agents target trafficking and resident immunocytes and structural cells, while bronchodilators act to prevent or reverse shortening of airway smooth muscle (ASM), the pivotal tissue regulating bronchomotor tone. Advances in our understanding of the biology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and biased agonism offers unique opportunities to modulate GPCR function that include the use of pepducins and allosteric modulators. Recent evidence suggests that small molecule inhibitors of Gα q as well as pepducins targeting G q -coupled receptors can broadly inhibit contractile agonist-induced ASM function. Given these advances, new therapeutic approaches can be leveraged to diminish the global rise in morbidity and mortality associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Surfactin has been known to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in surfactin-induced apoptosis remain poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the underlying network of signaling events in surfactin-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In this study, surfactin caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the surfactin-induced cell death was prevented by antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and catalase, suggesting involvement of ROS generation in surfactin-induced cell death. Surfactin induced a sustained activation of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK, but not p38. Moreover, surfactin-induced cell death was reversed by PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK1/2) and SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK), but not by SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38). However, the phosphorylation of JNK rather than ERK1/2 activation by surfactin was blocked by NAC/catalase. These results suggest that the action of ...

Priming for virus-specific CD8+ but not CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes with synthetic lipopeptide is influenced by acylation units and liposome encapsulation.

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It was revealed that Bacillus sp. strains C6 and Lg37s had the highest antifungal activity among the fie tested strains. Based on the molecular genetic methods, it was shown that the expression of genes of lipopeptide antibiotics, related to the fengycin family, occurred in all these strains. At the same time, gene expression of cyclolipopeptide iturin was found in the Bacillus sp. strains C6 and Lg37s. It was determined that Bacillus sp. C6 strain had the highest level of expression of the fengycin operon`s genes, whereas the lowest level was observed in Bacillus sp. C10 strain. By means of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, the presence of ...

We hypothesized that chemoprophylaxis with the echinocandin micafungin would be an effective agent for antifungal prophylaxis during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We therefore conducted a randomized, double-blind, multi-institutional, comparative …

We will see a wide range of sea birds and marine mammals, many of which occur nowhere else on Earth. At that time of year redpolls often form flocks of â ¦ Although it is a softbill, the hedge sparrow can live entirely on seed in an aviary, but they eat mostly insects in the wild. Royalty-Free Stock Photo. The female alone constructs the nest and also incubates the eggs, though both â ¦ Dawson, D.G. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. 7. The bird gallery links to in-depth descriptions of most New Zealand birds. Sago - - - House Sparrow, Hedge Sparrow, Pinches. They are now quite common throughout the offshore islands and the mainland of both islands, living in hedges, farmland, â ¦ Dunnock Hedge Sparrow in New Zealand. Description. * This map is intended as a guide. Once very common birds, both species have suffered significant declines in recent decades and as such, both appear on the UK Red List of Birds of Conservation Concern. Find ...

Now that is a lot of hard work, especially if you are planting a long hedge and usually it is just not necessary.. All you need to do is make a slit in the ground with your spade and push the roots into the earth. Firm the turf back in place with your feet and plant the next one about 60cm/two feet away. Despite all the advice to the contrary there is no need for a double row. Young Hornbeam plants establish quickly and will produce a good hedge in just a few years. As the trees grow they will naturally shade out any grass and plants growing close by without you having to resort to chemicals.. Let your hedge grow to the required height … somewhere around five or six feet /1.5m - 1.8m is perfect for most gardens. Trim the hedge once each year in mid to late summer - July or August ...

Systemic risk is commonly used to describe the possibility of a series of correlated defaults among financial institutions---typically banks---that occur over a short period of time, often caused by a single major event. However, since the collapse of Long Term Capital Management in 1998, it has become clear that hedge funds are also involved in systemic risk exposures. The hedge-fund industry has a symbiotic relationship with the banking sector, and many banks now operate proprietary trading units that are organized much like hedge funds. As a result, the risk exposures of the hedge-fund industry may have a material impact on the banking sector, resulting in new sources of systemic risks. In this paper, we attempt to quantify the potential impact of hedge funds on systemic risk by developing a number of new risk measures for hedge funds and applying them to individual and aggregate hedge-fund returns data. These measures include: illiquidity risk exposure, nonlinear factor models for hedge-fund ...

Despite the fact that anti-microbial agents are the primary treatment for many infections, they are used improperly, and usually excessively in the majority of countries in the world. This increases the drug resistant bacteria and treatment in hospitals or at home becomes difficult.. Australia and other countries around the world, specializing in animal husbandry, make significant efforts in legislative restrictions for antibiotics use in animals. The list includes such antibiotics, as cephalosporins, broad-spectrum penicillins, lincosamides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides.. Since the number of drug resistant bacteria is increasing steadily, the disturbing fact is that no prototypes of new drugs appear lately. Over the past 30 years, only two new classes of antibiotics were discovered - cyclic lipopeptides and oxazolidinones.. Innovative strategies and new technologies are required to address the lack of a new generation of antibiotics. They must resist the emergence of ...

Three cyclic lipopeptides, including one known (1) and two new (2 and 3) compounds, that possess the rare enamide linkage group were discovered from Streptomyces sp. KCB14A132, an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample collected from Jeung Island, Korea. The NMR and MS-based characterization showed that they differed in the amino acid residues in the peptide backbone. Application of Marfeys ...

Three cyclic lipopeptides, including one known (1) and two new (2 and 3) compounds, that possess the rare enamide linkage group were discovered from Streptomyces sp. KCB14A132, an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample collected from Jeung Island, Korea. The NMR and MS-based characterization showed that they differed in the amino acid residues in the peptide backbone. Application of Marfeys ...

SummaryInvasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children and premature neonates. The new class of echinocandin lipopeptides offers alternative options for treatment and prevention through a distinct mechanism of action, broad spectrum antifungal ac

Fact Sheet for the SS&C GlobeOp Hedge Fund Index (the Index) an independent, timely and consistent set of monthly indices that measure hedge fund investment activity and performance. Published by GlobeOp, a leading, independent global administrator, the Index is an accurate window on hedge fund industry performance, liquidity and investor sentiment.

AlphaWeek Hedge Funds is AlphaWeeks dedicated hedge funds channel, featuring news, features and analysis from across the global hedge fund industry

In this article we are going to use hedge fund sentiment as a tool and determine whether Barrick Gold Corporation (NYSE:GOLD) is a good investment right now. We like to analyze hedge fund sentiment before conducting days of in-depth research. We do so because hedge funds and other elite investors have numerous Ivy League graduates, […]

Most investors tend to think that hedge funds and other asset managers are worthless, as they cannot beat even simple index fund portfolios. In fact, most people expect hedge funds to compete with and outperform the bull market that we have witnessed in recent years. However, hedge funds are generally partially hedged and aim at […]

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Cao, Xiao-Hong et al. Evaluation of a lipopeptide biosurfactant from Bacillus natto TK-1 as a potential source of anti-adhesive, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Braz. J. Microbiol., June 2009, vol.40, no.2, p.373-379. ISSN 1517- ...

Buy Hedge Shear with Wooden Handle No. MMI-78 - Gardening Tool and 6000+ more gardening products online. ✓ Get 1 Free Product Today ✓ All India Delivery ✓ Lowest prices. (MRP Inclusive of all taxes) Shipping Rs 79 for entire order Dispatch in 5-8 days Country of origin: India Todays Offer 20% Cashback Rs 250 Surprise Gift above 500 Plant flower n growth booster on all orders Images are for reference purposes only. Actual product may vary in shape or appearance based on climate, age, height, etc. The product is replaceable but not returnable. DescriptionThese specially designed tools are perfect to maintain a healthy and attractive garden. Garden tool is any tool made to make gardening easy, may it be hand tool or power tool. Get the real experience of gardening with right tool in your hand.Shears can be used to cut long grass and small plant hedges. This tool is also used for shaping shrubs and bushes.Metal parts of this tool are coated for protection from rust and handle of this tool is

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Hedge funds posted a fourth consecutive month of gains in December led by equity hedge and event driven strategies, as broad based performance gains across...

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This study analyzes the risk profile of emerging hedge funds and managers using a clean definition of age that is not affected by backfill bias. Emerging funds and managers have particularly strong financial incentives to create investment performance but, because of the concavity of performance fees, may also have incentives to assume greater risk. We find that the typical fund volatility, whether adjusted for the sector or not, tends to be higher in the early years. This result, however, is entirely driven by the sample of dead funds. We also find that funds that belong to a multi-fund family tend to have less risk, as do funds run by managers who have previously run another hedge fund. Both findings confirm the importance of reputation effects. Finally, we find that smaller funds have higher risk and greater attrition.. TOPICS: Risk management, mutual fund performance, volatility measures ...

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A pruning lapse leaves bigger gaps. Dont be fooled into leaving your hedge to grow to the height you want it before cutting it back. Start pruning it back in the first month or two, and repeat a light pruning every few months during the growing season. It may take longer to reach the height youre wanting, but with regular pruning, the plants send out more lateral branches, and will fill the gaps in-between much better. The last thing you want is to have a fully grown hedge with big gaps at the bottom, that you can do nothing about ...

Global hedge fund assets crossed the $3 trillion (€2.2 trillion) mark in May for the first time on record, according to the May 2014 hedge fund asset flows report from eVestment.

id:4747,bid:15986,uid:0,title:High tech,username:hyjinxannie,rating:5,pros:state of the art equipment,cons:pricey,description:Dr. Hedges is a great orthopedic surgeon...he mentored under the famous Dr. Jack Laurie!!! I go there for all my ortho needs for my dogs. Their prices are over-the-top but it is worth it!! I wouldnt go there for general care (like shots, deworming,etc) as they are way overpriced. But for that special problem...they are tops!! And Dr. Hedges is #1 in my book!!,date_added:1201622008,date_modified:null,is_external:1,external_site_name:zootoo,external_site_url:null,external_user_profile:null,status:1},{id:4746,bid:15986,uid:0,title:lots of wonderful expeirences,username:PixiesRevenge,rating:5,pros:wonderful expeirences,cons:none,description:We go to this vet a lot and we always have a wonderful expeirence. they are always open and we love going ...

The latest hedge fund news with assets flow updates, hedge funds performances, commentary and discounts for top alternative investments events in the industry.

The latest hedge fund news with assets flow updates, hedge funds performances, commentary and discounts for top alternative investments events in the industry.

Thirty-eight firms participated in the Hedge Fund Administrator Survey with the five largest accounting for 67.32% of total administered hedge fund assets

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To incorporate a hedge fund, the promoter needs to set up the hedge fund entity. This can be either a mutual fund or an exempt company with variable capital. The choice of the jurisdiction might be the first step in the process

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