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Autopoiesis was originally presented as a system description that was said to define and explain the nature of living systems. A canonical example of an autopoietic system is the biological cell. The eukaryotic cell, for example, is made of various biochemical components such as nucleic acids and proteins, and is organized into bounded structures such as the cell nucleus, various organelles, a cell membrane and cytoskeleton. These structures, based on an external flow of molecules and energy, produce the components which, in turn, continue to maintain the organized bounded structure that gives rise to these components (not unlike a wave propagating through a medium). An autopoietic system is to be contrasted with an allopoietic system, such as a car factory, which uses raw materials (components) to generate a car (an organized structure) which is something other than itself (the factory). However, if the system is extended from the factory to include components in the factorys environment, ...

The production of artificial life is supposedly just around the corner. But ever since the famous 1953 Miller and Urey experiment failed to spark life in the laboratory just from chemicals, that corner has proven painstakingly long to get around.. In August, biologist Craig Venter of the J. Craig Venter Institute in Maryland was reported as predicting that artificial life is just months away.1 His team had cloned, added to, and modified the DNA of a simple bacterium called Mycoplasma mycoides (a prokaryote).. The complex procedure they used involved taking plasmid sequences from yeast (eukaryote) and adding them to the Mycoplasma chromosome. This engineered chromosome was swapped for the yeast genome, making a reproducing, yeast-like bacterium. This series of steps promises to expedite the transfer of an artificially synthesized genome into a cell. Researcher Sanjay Vashee said that his team had achieved a major advance in our effort to create a synthetic cell.1. A number of questions, ...

MARK BEDAU is Professor of Philosophy and Humanities at Reed College. He is President of the International Society for Artificial life, as well as Editor-in-Chief of the journal. Mark has also been involved in Alife 7 and Alife 8 conferences. His paper Open problems in artificial life Artificial Life 6 (2000): 363-376 has had a dramatic ongoing effect on the field ...

This volume contains 71 revised refereed papers, including seven invited surveys, presented during the Third European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 95, held in Granada, Spain in June 1995. Originally AL was concerned with applying biologically inspired solutions to technology and with

Artificial Life and artificial intelligence stories refer to the notion of advanced non-human intelligence present in society. Artificial life not only refers to advanced robots with human-like characteristics, but also to self-aware artificial intelligence in other machines, sometimes touching on subjects such as sentient AI and the potential negative consequences ...

Introduction. Artificial Life (AL) is a rather new scientific discipline, which didnt really get going until the 1980s.1 Unlike biology, it seeks to study life not out in nature or in the laboratory, but in the computer.2 AL seeks to mimic life mathematically, and especially to generate known features of life from basic principles (Langton, 1989b, pp 2-5). Some of the more gung-ho specialists in AL see themselves as creating life in the electronic medium (Ray, 1994, p 180); others think they are only imitating it (Harnad, 1994, pp 544-49). Without addressing this particular question, theists can at least agree that life does not have to be manifested in biochemistry.. Those who believe in metaphysical naturalism -- that the Cosmos is all that is, or ever was, or ever will be -- must presume a purely non-supernatural origin and development of life, unguided by any mind. For metaphysical naturalism, no other kind of causality really exists. Theists, by contrast, believe that a mind -- God -- is ...

Additional info for Artificial Life Models in Software. Example text. The structure of the program involves loading in genotypes in one or more batches, and then either manipulating single batches, or doing comparisons between batches. In the following paragraphs, we present a couple of example programs that will illustrate the basics of the analyze scripting language. A full list of commands available in analysis mode is given in the Avida documentation. 26 Ofria and Wilke Testing a Genome Sequence The following program will load in a genome sequence, run it in a test environment, and output the results of the tests in a couple of formats. The x-axis represents time, while the y-axis is depth in the phylogeny (distance from the original ancestor). Intensity at each position indicates the number of organisms alive at the corresponding point in time and depth in the tree. Theory predicts that an environment with either a single resource or with resources in unlimited quantities is capable of ...

We consider complex systems that are composed of many interacting elements, evolving under some dynamics. We are interested in characterizing the ways in which these elements may be grouped into higher-level, macroscopic states in a way that is compatible with those dynamics. Such groupings may then be thought of as naturally emergent properties of the system. We formalize this idea and, in the case that the dynamics are linear, prove necessary and sufficient conditions for this to happen. In cases where there is an underlying symmetry among the components of the system, group theory may be used to provide a strong sufficient condition. These observations are illustrated with some artificial life examples. ...

In a major step toward creating artificial life, U.S. researchers have developed a living organism that incorporates both natural and artificial DNA and is capable of creating entirely new, synthetic proteins.

Scientists have taken a major step toward creating the first ever artificial life form by synthetically reproducing the DNA of a bacteria, according to a study published Thursday.

Pygmy Growth Curves: A Comparative Approach. In most human populations, a large portion of variance in stature can be accounted for by nutritional status . Nutritional studies worldwide have shown the predictability of the growth response to stress-societies with very high caloric budgets show significant secular trends toward earlier growth cessation, faster body growth, and increased size, whereas populations under nutritional stress normally reduce growth rates, delay growth cessation, and show smaller adult body sizes . To test whether the growth pattern of pygmies is characteristic of nutritionally impaired populations, growth curves were constructed for the Aeta and compared with those for the Biaka and Agta pygmies and compared with the lower percentiles of the U.S. growth distribution, representing undernourished individuals who grow only to average adult pygmy size (women HEIGHT = 140 cm, corresponding to the 0.01th percentile of the U.S. distribution). The curves show that pygmies ...

What makes a living system a living system? What kind of biological phenomenon is the phenomenon of cognition? These two questions have been frequently considered, but, in this volume, the authors, Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, consider them as concrete biological questions. Their analysis is bold and provocative, for the authors have constructed a systematic…

This is a bold, brilliant, provocative and puzzling work. It demands a radical shift in standpoint, an almost paradoxical posture in which living systems are described in terms of what lies outside th

C. Gershenson, Trianni, V., Werfel, J., and Sayama, H., Self-Organization and Artificial Life: A Review, in The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life: A Hybrid of the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) and the International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE), T. Ikegami, Virgo, N., Witkowski, O., Oka, M., Suzuki, R., and Iizuka, H., Eds. Tokyo, Japan: MIT Press, 2018, pp. 510-517. ...

Thankfully, Romesberg and his team have no intention of using their research to provoke some kind of explosion of new, hybrid life forms. As Romesberg told Reuters, his X and Y nucleotide bases cant bond with DNAs natural bases, nor can these semi-synthetic organisms (SSOs) survive outside a laboratory setting. They cant escape, Romesberg said. Theres no Jurassic Park scenario.. Still, as University of Waterloo associate professor Brian Ingalls told Futurism, we must be cautious when dealing with the manipulation of life.. Based on our knowledge of how life works (at the molecular level and above), its not worthwhile to attempt a distinction between natural and artificial, he said. We can, however, distinguish new from old, and there we should be concerned about the potential for new organisms to disrupt existing ecosystems.. As Ingalls noted, Romesbergs study is designed in such a way as to prevent such disruption. New organisms whose molecular mechanisms are sufficiently ...

Do you know the Ship of Theseus problem? That one was first stated in its canonical form by Plutarch in his Parallel Lives, speaking of the ship that the hero

The announcement, which is expected within weeks and could come as early as Monday at the annual meeting of his scientific institute in San Diego, California, will herald a giant leap forward in the development of designer genomes. It is certain to provoke heated debate about the ethics of creating new species and could unlock the door to new energy sources and techniques to combat global warming ...

sent on 2/5/95 at 5 p.m to: connectionists gann biosci: computational biology molecular modelling ------------------------------ FTP-host: kant.irmkant.rm.cnr.it FTP-filename: /pub/econets/calabretta.folding.ps.Z The following paper has been placed in the anonymous-ftp archive (see above for ftp-host) and is now available as a compressed postscript file named calabretta.folding.ps.Z (14 pages of output) The paper is also available by World Wide Web: http://kant.irmkant.rm.cnr.it/gral.html It will appear in Proceedings of 3rd European Conference on Artificial Life (Granada, Spain, 4-6 June 1995). Comments welcome. Raffaele Calabretta email address: raffaele at caio.irmkant.rm.cnr.it ------------------------------------------------------------------ An Artificial Model for Predicting the Tertiary Structure of Unknown Proteins that Emulates the Folding Process Raffaele Calabretta, Stefano Nolfi, Domenico Parisi Department of Neural Systems and Artificial Life Institute of Psychology National ...

Michal Joachimczak, Borys Wrobel, Evolution of 3D development controlled by a gene regulatory network: The complexity of the search space and evolvability ...

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/7745868/Scientist-Craig-Venter-creates-life-for-first-time-in-laboratory-sparking-debate-about-playing-god.html

Molecular biologist Steven Benner created a artificial DNA molecule with eight chemical letters in addition to the four natural letters.

According to the mad scientists responsible for this, the synthetic microbes could be used in flu vaccines as early as next year! From the BBC: Scie...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Heterophony and the Postponed Organization. T2 - Organizing autopoietic systems. AU - Åkerstrøm Andersen, Niels. AU - Born, Asmund. PY - 2007. Y1 - 2007. KW - udenforområde. KW - Intern kommunikation. KW - Kommunikationssociologi. KW - Autopoiesis. KW - Sociologisk systemteori. M3 - Journal article. VL - 6. SP - 176. EP - 186. JO - Tamara: Journal for Critical Organization Inquiry. JF - Tamara: Journal for Critical Organization Inquiry. SN - 1532-5555. IS - 2. ER - ...

Int . General Systems. Vol. 21, pp. 145-160 J. S. A. shers Publi nce cie h S Breac and 2 Gordon 199 © Reprint s av ailabl sher the publi from e directly licen se on ly by Ph otocop permined ying AUTOPOIESIS OF APPLICATION IN THE SYSTEMS AUTOPOIETIC ARE ANALYSIS: SYSTEMS ALSO SYSTEMS? SOCIAL MILAN...

If you start giving these cells the power to sense their surroundings as well (maybe to predict the best drug to produce) you get very close to something that can be called life. Its artificial life, life designed exclusively to serve the humans that use it, but life non-the-less. At this stage, it becomes almost meaningless to talk about life and non-life as separate boxes, and instead they become a gradiant, a sliding scale between the living and the dead. This is something that is starting to be appreciated even now when considering things like viruss, or prions. A prion is an infectious protein element, with no DNA or cell wall yet it is capible of replicating and evolving (and consequently sticking two fingers up to Dawkins a bit). If a small piece of twisted protein has a passing claim to life the definition of what life actually is starts to become somewhat hazy. And scientists have made viruss in the lab, creating what could potentially be classified as living organisms from ...

2002 (engelsk)Inngår i: Proceedings of the Fifth German Workshop on Artificial Life (GWAL2002) / [ed] Polani, D., Kim, J. T., Martinetz, T., 2002, s. 67-76Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert) ...

Cardiovascular Intensive Care and Cardiovascular-Telemetry Units care for patients with acute or chronic cardiovascular (heart) diseases. Cardiovascular Intensive Care Units are for patients who need close monitoring due to acute or chronic cardiovascular (heart) diseases with physiological instability and who require aggressive medical therapy, technical intervention or artificial life support ...

Looking for online definition of artificial life in the Medical Dictionary? artificial life explanation free. What is artificial life? Meaning of artificial life medical term. What does artificial life mean?

Ampelosaurus (/ˌæmpɪloʊˈsɔːrəs/ AM-pi-loh-SOR-əs; meaning vine lizard) is a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur hailing from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Europe. Its type species is A. atacis, named by Le Loeuff in 1995. A possible unnamed species has given Ampelosaurus an age reaching to the latest Cretaceous, from about 70 to 66 million years ago. Like most sauropods, it would have had a long neck and tail but it also carried armor in the form of osteoderms. Over 500 bones have been assigned to Ampelosaurus and all but the braincase (assigned to A. sp.) has been assigned to A. atacis. They are assigned to the same species because all the differences in the limb proportions have been linked to individual variation. A. atacis is known from a few, well-preserved teeth and some cranial material. A right scapula was discovered associated with a coracoid. The blade of the scapula, contrary to most titanosaurs, is triangular. The blade narrows at one end instead of showing an ...

This is exactly how Xenu and other alien overlords created humans. They just left us on earth while they went off to other planets way beyond our reach at the moment. Same thing will happen here. THe earth will be uninhabitable to people animals and then well create a new species that can thrive in the new earth environment and leave them behind as we go out in search of a habitable planet. Youve been warned hominids ...

This article investigates the evolutionary dynamics of morphogenesis. In this study, morphogenesis arises as a side-effect of maximization of number of cell types. Thus, it investigates the evolutionary dynamics of side-effects. Morphogenesis is governed by the interplay between differential cell adhesion, gene-regulation, and intercellular signaling. Thus, it investigates the potential to generate complex behavior by entanglement of relatively boring processes, and the (automatic) coordination between these processes.. The evolutionary dynamics shows all the hallmarks of evolutionary dynamics governed by nonlinear genotype phenotype mapping: for example, punctuated equilibria and diffusion on neutral paths. More striking is the result that interesting, complex morphogenesis occurs mainly in the shadow of neutral paths which preserve cell differentiation, that is, the interesting morphologies arise as mutants of the fittest individuals.. Characteristics of the evolution of such side-effects ...

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One of the fields leading lights is the controversial scientist Craig Venter, a beach bum turned scientific entrepreneur who is better known for sequencing the human genome and scouring the oceans for unknown genes on his luxury research yacht. The research institute he founded hopes to create an artificial minimal organism. And he believes there is big money at stake ...

Well - not quite. But Dr. Craig Venters lab has made an significant advance in crafting synthetic bacteria. This is an advance we have been anticipating, as...

Robots can exhibit life like behavior but are, according to traditional definitions, not alive. Current robot users are confronted with an ambiguous entity and it is important to understand the users perception of these robots. This study analyses if a robot s intelligence and its agreeableness influences its perceived animacy. The robot s animacy was measured, amongst other measurements, by the users hesitation to switch it off. The results show that participants hesitated three times as long to switch off an agreeable and intelligent robot as compared to a non agreeable and unintelligent robot. The robots intelligence and had a significant influence on its perceived animacy. Our results suggest that interactive robots should be intelligent and exhibit an agreeable attitude to maximize its perceived animacy.

The adaptive view of human memory (Nairne, 2010) assumes that animates (e.g., rabbit) are remembered better than inanimates (e.g., glass) because animates are ultimately more important for fitness than inanimates. Previous studies provided evidence for this view by showing that animates were recalled or recognized better than inanimates (e.g., Nairne, VanArsdall, Pandeirada, Cogdill, & LeBreton, 2013), but they did not assess memory for contextual details (e.g., where animates vs. inanimates occurred). In this study, we tested recollection of spatial information (Study 1) and temporal information (Study 2) associated with animate versus inanimate words. The findings showed that the two types of contextual information were remembered better when they were related to animates than to inanimates. These findings provide further evidence for an ultimate explanation of animacy effects.

Jozwik et al. (2016) tested the explanatory power of a feature-based model for similarity judgments (and for neural representation) that also included a number of shape features. As similarity judgments typically produce a fundamental distinction between animate and inanimate objects, the authors implicitly tested the role of shape features for animacy categorizations. The model contained 120 feature dimensions that were generated by human observers and included shape features (e.g., curved, cylindrical, spiky), but also object parts (e.g., horns, wings, hand/fingers; about two-thirds of the dimensions), objects (e.g., tree, waterfall, leaves), colors (e.g., green, brown, gray), materials/textures (e.g., fur, metallic, wet/water), and others. On a set of 96 images of familiar objects, the model predicted neural representation in IT with equal accuracy as a categorical labeling model, suggesting that those features serve as stepping stones toward a representation that emphasizes categorical ...

The creation of quantum artificial life by researchers is a revolutionary breakthrough for science that could help solve the question of the origin of life

Synthetic biologists seek to create new life with forms and functions not seen in nature. Although scientists are a long way from making a completely artificial life form, they have made semi-synthetic organisms that have ...

Exploring perception using computation and artificial life.. While all brains are made from the same biological stuff, their diversity in structure is phenomenal. And yet, all animals as diverse as bees and humans evolved to solve the same visual puzzles, and even probably as a consequence see the same illusions. A critical aim of our research is to understand what is common between such divergent systems. Only when we know this answer will we be able to understand the principle by which the brain any brain makes sense of the world. If such a common principle exists, then itll be best described at the level of mathematics (computation more generally), because this level of explanation is mute to the actual structure of the system of interest in the same way that mathematical theories of evolution transcend the structure thats evolving. On this page, we feature our work that is attempting to discover how all networks natural or artificial resolve the inherent uncertainty of sensory information, ...

Check out the links to opinions on artificial life and the definition of synthetic biology from [[Drew Endy,Endy]], Venter, Keasling, Church, Noireaux, Holt, and Blattner ...

Egbert, M. D., Barandiaran, X. E., & Di Paolo, E. A. (2012). Behavioral metabolution: The adaptive and evolutionary potential of metabolism-based chemotaxis. Artificial Life, 18(1), 1-25. doi:10.1162/artl_a_00047. Abstract We use a minimal model of metabolism-based chemotaxis to show how a coupling between metabolism and behavior can affect evolutionary dynamics in a process we refer to…

Biotechnews. Program Overview. Harvest of fear. Bioethics & Science. Your Site Name. NOVA scienceNOW: Artificial Life. NOVA scienceNOW: Personal DNA Testing

The book presents an overview of current research on biologically inspired autonomous robotics from the perspective of some of the most relevant researchers in this area. The book crosses several boundaries in the field of robotics and the closely related field of artificial life. The key aim

The main point of the book, says Boden, is to argue that if you want to understand the mind, you have to use concepts and ideas coming out of a wide range of disciplines, especially artificial intelligence and artificial life. No single discipline on its own can explain how the mind works.. ...

Aaser, Peter; Knudsen, Martinius; Huse Ramstad, Ola; van de Wijdeven, Rosanne; Nichele, Stefano; Sandvig, Ioanna; Tufte, Gunnar; Bauer, Ulrich Stefan; Halaas, Øyvind; Hendseth, Sverre; Sandvig, Axel; Valderhaug, Vibeke Devold. (2017) Towards Making a Cyborg: A Closed-Loop Reservoir-Neuro System. Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life 2017. ...

Every Human Being Spends Five Years of Life on a ToiletGenerally, an average person spends five years of their life on a toilet. The World Toilet Organizati...

Can you pick the Definitions of the fitness components? Test your knowledge on this sports quiz to see how you do and compare your score to others. Quiz by Cazalinko

When you discuss any major issue, sooner or later someone will say it: there are more urgent issues than whatever it is youre advocating for.

I dont mind the rules but first they ask us to use this form to report issues then the tell us to send tickets. Now Im confused which is it please? I feel like a dummy when if i go one place and then told to go to another. Im having major issues with my game and i know everyone else is, but it is frustrating to me that there are things working great them I get a blank page and have to come back in. I just want to know is anyone else having that kind of issue please ...

I consider it a major issue in usability. You may not have experienced if you dont use custom fields and/or relatively-low resolution displays.. This is susceptible to happen on any table div, so my suggestion atm is to implement this feature in all responsive-table divs ...

I am inclined to share some life advice that everybody needs to hear. If you were to ask me, Edith give me some life advice, well this is the article for you. Stay Prayed Up The first advice I will give anybody in life is this one. Where do I want to be in the next 6 months, 1 year, 5 years, or 10 years? Pray about it! As a young adult, you are making big fundamental decisions in life. You are deciding what life will consist of and you are also discovering who you are and what your purpose is in

Apr 16, 2016 - These are (often unique) objects commonly used by Montessori Guides and Homeschoolers to enhance their Practical Life area. Most are used, some are new. All are limited!. See more ideas about Montessori practical life, Practical life, Montessori.

Focus on what need to be done, and leave behind what went wrong, or what you could have done. As we pass our days, thought of things that went wrong, and brought us to a point in life, where we do not admire our standing, do cross our minds. Life is not a laid out…

Explore the pros and cons of the debate Life Comes From Life, Abiogenesis is not Verifiable. So in conclusion an eternal being must exist.

Answers to the question, How You Live Your Life To The Fullest And Enjoy Your Life ? Answers to Questions from People Who Know at Ask Experience Project.

Only through growing up and experiencing life can we learn life lessons that benefit us. If you want to learn how to be happy and have more confidence in your choices, here are 30 lessons that can change your life.

how to excel in life and how to excel in the exams that life throws at us? Here are the twelve Hs that I have discovered to explain it.

Some life hacks are outright impossible; still others are more of a nuisance than a life hack. Well, these 15 life hacks are simple…

Previously, a number of studies suggest that having a purpose in life - the sense that life has meaning and direction - may reduce a number of adverse heal

10 Things In Life Or Do You Usually Wrong. During my first days in the White House, my administration will immediately implement the following 6 measures

Do you find that more and more you dont have the time for the things that matter to you in life? Here is an interesting, anecdote-filled how-to on slowing down and just enjoying life. This will work for you!

You deserve to live your life to the fullest. Here are 30 reasons why you may be unhappy with life, even though you have everything you thought you wanted.

В данном разделе указаны организации социального предпринимательства (бизнеса), целевые некоммерческие организации и проекты, творческие проекты и авторские блоги, упомянутые в публикациях A.Life или добавленные по запросу их героев. Организация, проект, блог Cфера, направления, разделы Персона, автор A.Life Информационный проект. Василий Кудрин, Думитро Чаттерджи ArtArea Project Цирковое искусство, воздушные гимнасты, обучение. Дмитрий Кучер BaliBlogger Гид по…

by Suzanne Scurlock-Durana. People say that what were all seeking is a meaning for life. I dont think thats what were really seeking. I think that what were seeking is an experience of being alive...

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After passing to a new, spiritual world, the soul enjoys a refreshing, pleasant experience in which physical death is no longer threatening or painful.

Viannas New Life Experiment helps us to be happier people. We dont realise how much we bring our mood down when we complain, whinge or criticise. Or how much

University Press Audiobooks presents the audiobook edition of Beyond the Plain And Simple; A Patchwork of Amish Lives by Pauline Stevick

Well, these 8 different types of affirmations will surely help change your life for the better. There are about 50 affirmations in this post, and I hope you

Please post your Non Life Threatening help requests here. This forum is monitored by rehabbers during the day and your request will probably be answered shortly. Be sure to check back often.

Ramseier Werkzeugbau found themselves struggling with short tool life. Production was then switched to B-Cool 9665 in cooperation with Blaser Swisslube.

The following dating challenges seem to be common to most smart people. In fact, the smarter you are, the more clueless you will be, and the more...

Gonds and Bharias mainly constitute the population of Patalkot. It is said that Bharias have been living here for more than 500 years.

You have full control over your data. You can delete all your information including all files and even your account can be deleted. ...

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