Clonal heterogeneity detected by karyotyping is a biomarker associated with adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) pathway is present in AML cells, and this pathway integrates signaling from several upstream receptors/mediators. We suggest that this pathway reflects biologically important clonal heterogeneity. We investigated constitutive PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway activation in primary human AML cells derived from 114 patients, together with 18 pathway mediators. The cohort included patients with normal karyotype or single karyotype abnormalities and with an expected heterogeneity of molecular genetic abnormalities. Clonal heterogeneity reflected as pathway mediator heterogeneity was detected for 49 patients. Global gene expression profiles of AML cell populations with and without clonal heterogeneity differed with regard to expression of ectopic olfactory receptors (a subset ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Abstract 1114: IGFBP7 reduces acute myeloid leukemia stem cell survival without affecting normal hematopoiesis. AU - Cil, Meyram. AU - Vermue, Eline. AU - Zweegman, Sonja. AU - Smit, Marjon. AU - Schuurhuis, Gerrit Jan. AU - Klootwijk, Louise L. de Vos. AU - Menezes, Renee X.. AU - Tsui, Mei-Ling. AU - Smit, Linda. AU - Rutten, Arjo. AU - Gils, Noortje van. AU - Brocco, Fabio. AU - Roemer, Margaretha G.. AU - Ossenkoppele, Gert J.. AU - Verhagen, Han J.. AU - Rhenen, Anna van. AU - Janssen, Jeroen J.. AU - Denkers, Fedor. AU - Heukelom, Stan. PY - 2018/8/17. Y1 - 2018/8/17. U2 - 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1114. DO - 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1114. M3 - Article. VL - 78. SP - 1114. EP - 1114. JO - Cancer Research. JF - Cancer Research. SN - 0008-5472. IS - 13 Supplement. ER - ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression of MDR1 gene in acute leukemia cells. T2 - Association with CD7+ acute myeloblastic leukemia/acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AU - Miwa, H.. AU - Kita, K.. AU - Nishii, K.. AU - Morita, N.. AU - Takakura, N.. AU - Ohishi, K.. AU - Mahmud, N.. AU - Kageyama, S.. AU - Fukumoto, M.. AU - Shirakawa, S.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - MDR1 gene expression was examined in acute leukemia cells from 75 Japanese patients at diagnosis (50 with acute myeloblastic leukemia [AML]: 10 M1, 18 M2, 5 M3, 8 M4, 9 M5; 25 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL]: 13 B- precursor, 12 T-lineage). The results of MDR1 mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were confirmed by immunostaining using the anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody UIC2 and by a functional study using the rhodamine efflux test. Morphologically, AML M1 cases had the highest incidence of MDR1 gene expression (6 of 10 patients). ...
Clofarabine (injection) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 to 21 years old with relapsed acute or refractory lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have had at least 2 prior treatment regimens.. There is no recommended standard treatment for relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia in older patients. Cytarabine is the most commonly used drug to treat these patients. This study will determine if there is benefit by combining clofarabine with cytarabine. Patients will be randomized to receive up to 3 cycles of treatment with either placebo in combination with cytarabine or clofarabine in combination with cytarabine. Randomization was stratified by remission status following the first induction regimen (no remission [i.e., CR1 = refractory] or remission ,6 months vs CR1 = remission ≥6 months). CR1 is defined as remission after first pre-study induction regimen. The safety and tolerability of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine ...
Clofarabine (injection) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 to 21 years old with relapsed acute or refractory lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have had at least 2 prior treatment regimens.. There is no recommended standard treatment for relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia in older patients. Cytarabine is the most commonly used drug to treat these patients. This study will determine if there is benefit by combining clofarabine with cytarabine. Patients will be randomized to receive up to 3 cycles of treatment with either placebo in combination with cytarabine or clofarabine in combination with cytarabine. Randomization was stratified by remission status following the first induction regimen (no remission [i.e., CR1 = refractory] or remission ,6 months vs CR1 = remission ≥6 months). CR1 is defined as remission after first pre-study induction regimen. The safety and tolerability of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinical relevance of internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. AU - Liang, Der Cherng. AU - Shih, Lee Yung. AU - Hung, Iou Jih. AU - Yang, Chao Ping. AU - Chen, Shu Huey. AU - Jaing, Tang Her. AU - Liu, Hsi Che. AU - Chang, Wan Hui. PY - 2002/6/15. Y1 - 2002/6/15. N2 - BACKGROUND. Recently, an internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD) was found in approximately 20% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and associated with a poor outcome. However, there are few studies on FLT3/ITD in childhood AML, and the clinical significance of FLT3/ITD is thus unclear. METHODS. FLTS/ITD was analyzed in 80 children with de novo AML. The genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to identify FLT3/ITD. Genescan analysis to determine the allelic distribution was then performed for those PCR products with aberrant bands. Direct sequencing of PCR products was also carried out in each sample with FLT3/ITD. RESULTS. The ...
Description of disease Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Treatment Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Symptoms and causes Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia Prophylaxis Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
Synonyms for Adult Acute Leukemia in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Adult Acute Leukemia. 1 synonym for acute myeloid leukemia: acute myelocytic leukemia. What are synonyms for Adult Acute Leukemia?
TY - JOUR. T1 - Advances in immunotherapy for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. AU - Bonifant, Challice L.. AU - Velasquez, Mireya Paulina. AU - Gottschalk, Stephen. N1 - Funding Information: The authors AML research is supported by grants from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (RP160693), Alex Lemonade Stand Foundation, the Hyundai Hope on Wheels Foundation, the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ravitz Family Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2018/1/2. Y1 - 2018/1/2. N2 - Introduction: Achieving better disease control in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has proven challenging. Overall survival has been impacted by addressing treatment related mortality with focused supportive care measures. Despite this improvement, it remains difficult to induce durable leukemia remissions despite ...
Our program is focused on producing new therapeutic candidates to prolong remission and potentially cure highly lethal cancers where patients have few alternative treatment options. We have selected Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) as the initial clinical indication for evaluating our novel therapeutics, but anticipate a full development program encompassing many other types of solid tumor cancers. Our strategy is to develop an antibody that binds to and eliminates the cancer-forming stem cells in leukemia and other solid tumors. While current cancer treatments (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy, radiation) will frequently get rid of the bulk of the tumor, they rarely touch the tiny number of cancer stem cells that actually re-generate the masses of cancer cells that have been eliminated. When the latter occurs, the patient is described as having a relapse, leading to a disease recurrence with poor prognosis. Our strategy is to eliminate the small number of cancer-regenerating stem cells by targeting ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Prognostic value of AML 1/ETO fusion transcripts in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.. AU - Cho, Eun Kyung. AU - Bang, Soo Mee. AU - Ahn, Jeong Yeal. AU - Yoo, Seung Min. AU - Park, Pil Whan. AU - Seo, Yieh Hea. AU - Shin, Dong Bok. AU - Lee, Jae Hoon. PY - 2003/1/1. Y1 - 2003/1/1. N2 - BACKGROUND: The t (8;21) (q22;q22), which produces the fusion gene AML1/ETO, is associated with relatively good prognosis and, in particular, with a good response to cytosine arabinoside. Analysis of t (8;21) positive leukemic blasts has shown characteristic morphological and immunological features. We performed this study to investigate the incidence of AML1/ETO rearrangement in adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), especially in M2 subtype, to make a comparison of clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics between AML1/ETO rearrangement positive and negative group in patients with AML and to analyze the correlation with other biological parameters. METHODS: From May ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dendritic cells derived in vitro from acute myelogenous leukemia cells stimulate autologous, antileukemic T-cell responses. AU - Choudhury, A.. AU - Liang, J. C.. AU - Thomas, E. K.. AU - Flores-Romo, L.. AU - Xie, O. S.. AU - Agusala, K.. AU - Sutaria, S.. AU - Sinha, I.. AU - Champlin, R. E.. AU - Claxton, D. F.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999/2/1. Y1 - 1999/2/1. N2 - We have previously reported that leukemic dendritic cells (DC) can be generated ex vivo from myelomonocytic precursors in chronic myelogenous leukemia. In this study we report the generation of DC from acute mye1ogenous leukemia (AML) cells and their potent ability to stimulate leukemia-specific cytolytic activity in autologous lymphocytes. DC were generated in vitro using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor+interleukin-4 in combination with either tumor necrosis factor-α or CD40 ligand (CD40L). Cells from 19 AML patients with a variety of chromosomal ...
MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Biopsy. Bone Marrow Transplantation. Child. Combined Modality Therapy. Cytarabine / administration & dosage. Daunorubicin / administration & dosage. Dexamethasone / administration & dosage. Etoposide / administration & dosage. Female. Graft vs Host Disease / etiology. Humans. Idarubicin / administration & dosage. Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use. Interleukin-2 / therapeutic use. Leukemic Infiltration. Radiotherapy, High-Energy. Recurrence. Salvage Therapy. Thioguanine / administration & dosage. Transplantation ...
The purpose of this report is to describe the results of stem cell transplantation as initial treatment for secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Forty-six patients (median age 42 years) with secondary AML (17 therapy-related, 29 myelodysplasia-related) who had not received remission induction chemotherapy underwent allogeneic (n = 43) or syngeneic (n = 3) transplantation. The 5-year actuarial disease-free survival was 24.4%, and the cumulative incidences of relapse and nonrelapse mortality were 31.3% and 44.3%, respectively. Lower peripheral blood blast count was associated with a lower risk of relapse (P = .05) and shorter time from AML diagnosis to transplant was associated with a lower risk of nonrelapse mortality (P = .02) and improved disease-free survival (P = .026). Patients with therapy-related secondary AML tended to have lower disease-free survival (P = .16) and a higher relapse rate (P = .16) than patients whose leukemia was not therapy-related. The results of these 46 previously ...
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) is a form of acute myeloid leukemia which involves a proliferation of CFU-GM myeloblasts and monoblasts. It is classified under M4 in the French-American-British classification (FAB).[1] It is classified under AML, not otherwise classified in the WHO classification.[2] Translocations have been observed.[3] Progression from myelodysplastic syndrome has been reported.[4] ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - t(1;7) in acute myeloblastic leukemia following myelodysplastic syndrome (RAEB-T). AU - Defferrari, R.. AU - Sessarego, M.. AU - Santini, G.. AU - Ajmar, F.. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. N2 - A case is described of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) refractory anemia type with an excess of blasts in transformation with early leukemic evolution (AML-M1). All bone marrow cells examined showed an unbalanced translocation t(1;7). The karyotype was 45, xy, -21, -7, + der dic t(1;7)(q12;q21). There are reports in the literature of the translocation t(1;7)(p11;p11), which leads to trisomy of the long arms of chromosome number 1 and monosomy of the long arms of chromosome number 7. In the case here described the breakpoints of the chromosomes involved in the translocation differ from the classic ones: in this case there is trisomy of the region 1q12→1qter and monosomy of the region 7q21→7qter. Some clinical and cytogenetic considerations are suggested.. AB - A case is described of ...
Acute leukemias represent the main malignancies occurring among children under the age of 15 years. Around 17% corresponds to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow complements the diagnosis of hematological malignancies, therefore finding chromosomal aberrations provides a more reliable prognosis of the disease. Among the cytogenetic aberrations, sole trisomy is frequent in malignant neoplasias, but few cases related to AML have been reported. We report a sole trisomy 6 in a pediatric patient diagnosed as AML M4 and poor progression. We carried out a literature review of AML patients with sole trisomy 6 and compared their evolution against AML patients with normal karyotype. This is the first case of pediatric AML M4 with this cytogenetic finding. Sole trisomy 6 is infrequently reported in AML but scarce in pediatric cases. Based on overall survival analysis, we suggest that sole trisomy 6 could be associated with poor prognosis, in both, adult as well as pediatric AML.
BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia affecting adults, with incidence increasing with patient age. Previous studies have found that older AML patients, constituting the majority of the AML population, generally have poor outcomes, high healthcare expenditures, and median survival of
Minimal residual disease (MRD) levels were determined by multi-parameter flow cytometry in 45 younger adult patients ( pound60 years old) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in complete remission. Data were collected after induction (MRD1; n=43) and/or at the end of post-remission chemotherapy or before stem cell transplantation (SCT)(MRD2; n=31). Patients with detectable MRD2 who underwent allogeneic or autologous SCT had significantly better 5-year relapse-free survival than patients not transplanted (80%, 53% and 0%, respectively p=0.003). Therefore allogeneic SCT should be considered in younger adult AML patients with detectable MRD at the end of post-remission chemotherapy. Autologous SCT may be an alternative for patients not eligible for allogeneic SCT.. ...
Myeloid sarcoma occurs in 1% - 9% of patients with myelogenous leukemia. Spinal epidural myeloid sarcoma is particularly rare, and its treatment has not been established. A 27-year-old woman complained of pain on her left chest, back around the scapula, and neck. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a thoracic epidural tumor. One week after her visit, she developed motor weakness of her lower extremities and dysuria, and she was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) on peripheral blood analysis. The epidural tumor was strongly suspected to be myeloid sarcoma. The paralysis of the lower extremities and bladder dysfunction were not progressive, and chemotherapy and local radiation therapy to the spine were performed. Improvement of paralysis and complete reduction of tumor volume were achieved by the combination of local low-dose radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Downregulation of PDIA3 inhibits proliferation and invasion of human acute myeloid leukemia cells Qidong Ye,1 Pan Fu,2 Jiaying Dou,2 Nina Wang2 1Department of Pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common malignancy of the hematopoietic system. In bone marrow samples of AML patients, PDIA3 expression was higher than that in the samples of healthy controls. We aimed at exploring the effect of PDIA3 siRNA on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of AML HL-60 and HEL cells.Materials and methods: RT-PCR was performed to identify PDIA3 expression. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT. Flow cytometry analysis and transwell were used to detect cell apoptosis, migration and invasion. Gene set enrich-ment analysis (GSEA) was employed to
TY - JOUR. T1 - Blood and bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. AU - Villela, Luis M.. AU - Bolanos Meade, F Javier. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for some patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with high-risk disease, such as those with MDS, in second (or subsequent) complete remission or those with poor-risk cytogenetics will benefit the most from this approach. With current transplantation techniques, outcomes have improved over recent years. Although relapse and graft-versus-host disease still are important problems faced by these patients, novel approaches have been developed to decrease the risk of complications, with excellent results.. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for some patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with high-risk disease, such as those with MDS, in second (or subsequent) complete remission ...
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against native NCAM1. Native purified NCAM1 from KG-1 human acute myelogenous leukemia cell line. (MAB5003) - Products - Abnova
Myeloid sarcoma of the breast is a rare manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This report describes a patient who was diagnosed with AML FAB M2. Molecular analysis showed evidence of an NPM1 mutation (subtype A) and internal tandem duplications of the FLT3 gene (FLT3-ITD). Eight months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the patient developed a palpable mass in the left breast initially suspected as breast carcinoma. Core needle biopsy of the lesion resulted in diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. Molecular analysis of formalin-fixed specimens of the breast tumour confirmed the known FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations. Immunohistochemically, an aberrant cytoplasmic staining pattern for NPM1 and overexpression of FLT3 were demonstrated. The myeloid sarcoma showed complete transient resolution following treatment with the kinase inhibitor sorafenib. However, the patient developed bone marrow relapse and died in fatal cerebral haemorrhage 1 year after initial diagnosis of AML. In summary, ...
Results of the present study show for the first time that Chk1 undergoes activating phosphorylation in marrow blasts in vivo during cytarabine-containing induction therapy. Building on this result, we also show in human AML cell lines that the selective Chk1 inhibitor SCH 900776 abrogates cytarabine-induced S-phase arrest, increases cytarabine-induced apoptosis, and enhances the effects of cytarabine on colony formation. Likewise, SCH 900776 increases the effects of cytarabine in a majority of primary AML isolates but not normal myeloid progenitors in vitro. This sensitization was observed at SCH 900776 concentrations far below the approximate 5 μmol/L SCH 900776 peak levels observed at the maximum tolerated dose in solid tumor patients. These observations have potentially important implications for current efforts to enhance the efficacy of cytarabine-containing AML regimens.. Previous results have shown that cytarabine activates the ATR/Chk1 checkpoint in tissue culture cell lines in vitro ...
Minimal residual disease evaluation refers to a series of molecular and immunophenotypical techniques aimed at detecting submicroscopic disease after therapy. As such, its application in acute myeloid leukemia has greatly increased our ability to quantify treatment response, and to determine the chemosensitivity of the disease, as the final product of the drug schedule, dose intensity, biodistribution, and the pharmakogenetic profile of the patient. There is now consistent evidence for the prognostic power of minimal residual disease evaluation in acute myeloid leukemia, which is complementary to the baseline prognostic assessment of the disease. The focus for its use is therefore shifting to individualize treatment based on a deeper evaluation of chemosensitivity and residual tumor burden. In this review, we will summarize the results of the major clinical studies evaluating minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia in adults in recent years and address the technical and practical issues still
The precise phenotype and biology of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells remain controversial, in part because the gold standard immunodeficient mouse engraftment assay fails in a significant fraction of patients and identifies multiple cell-types in others. We sought to analyze the clinical utility of a novel assay for putative leukemia stem cells in a large prospective cohort. The leukemic clones most primitive hematopoietic cellular phenotype was prospectively identified in 109 newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients, and correlated with clinical risk groups and outcomes. Most (80/109) patients harbored CD34+CD38- leukemia cells. The CD34+CD38- leukemia cells in 47 of the 80 patients displayed intermediate aldehyde dehydrogenase expression, while normal CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem cells expressed high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase. In the other 33/80 patients, the CD34+CD38- leukemia cells exhibited high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and most (28/33, 85%) harbored poor-risk ...
Patients with hematologic malignancies are at higher risk for invasive fungal infections (IFI) mainly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Antifungal prophylaxis can help to decrease the incidence of these infections and their related complications. Prospective study compared to historical control data included 136 newly diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients treated at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University from 2011 to 2014. The prospective group received primary Voriconazole compared to retrospective control regarding the infectious complications and incidence of fungal infection. Results showed that one hundred thirty-six (136) newly diagnosed pediatric AML patients were included in the study, 61 patients didnt receive antifungal prophylaxis (Non- prophylactic arm) while 75 patients received voriconazole prophylaxis (prophylactic arm). The median age among both groups was 5.5 years old. Thirty-one (50%) of the 61 patients in (non - prophylactic arm) and five (6.6%) of the 75 patients
This phase 3 study on Remission Rates in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Utilizing a Dose-Intensive Induction Regimen With or Without Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin was recently completed by Alan S. Gamis, MD, MPH, of the Childrens Mercy Hospitals and Clinics in Kansas City, Mo., and colleagues. The findings from this study were presented at the 52nd American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition.
To identify novel anti-cancer agents, we created and screened a unique nutraceutical library for activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. From this screen, we determined that glucopsychosine was selectively toxic toward AML cell lines and primary AML patient samples with no effect toward normal hematopoietic cells. It delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor weights in mouse xenograft models without imparting toxicity. Glucopsychosine increased cytosolic calcium and induced apoptosis through calpain enzymes. Extracellular calcium was functionally important for glucopsychosine-induced AML cell death and surface calcium channel expression is altered in AML cells highlighting a unique mechanism of glucopsychosines selectivity ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Failure of three novel regimens to improve outcome for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia. T2 - A report from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. AU - Litzow, Mark R.. AU - Othus, Megan. AU - Cripe, Larry D.. AU - Gore, Steven D.. AU - Lazarus, Hillard M.. AU - Lee, Sandra J.. AU - Bennett, John M.. AU - Paietta, Elisabeth M.. AU - Dewald, Gordon W.. AU - Rowe, Jacob M.. AU - Tallman, Martin S.. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - The treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory. We conducted a phase II randomized trial where patients received intermediate-dose cytarabine for 4 d followed by gemtuzumab ozogamicin on day 5 (Arm A), or combined with liposomal daunorubicin for 3 d (Arm B), or cytarabine given for 5 d combined with cyclophosphamide for 3 d and topotecan by continuous infusion for 5 d (Arm C). Eligible patients had primary refractory AML, a first relapse after a remission of ,1 year, or a second or greater ...
Chemotherapy for induction of remission of childhood acute myeloid leukemia followed by marrow transplantation or multiagent chemotherapy: A report from the Childrens Cancer Group Academic Article ...
The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/IDH2) genes are metabolic enzymes, which are frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The enzymes acquire neomorphic enzymatic activity when they mutated. We have investigated the frequency and outcome of the acquired IDH1/IDH2 mutations and the IDH1 SNP 105C | T (rs11554137) in 189 unselected de novo AML patients by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by direct sequencing. The survival are presented in Kaplan Meier curves with log rank test. Multivariable survival analysis was conducted using Cox regression method, taking age, risk group, treatment, IDH1/2 mutations and IDH1 SNP105 genotype into account. Overall, IDH1/2 mutations were found in 41/187 (21.7%) of the AML patients. IDH1 codon 132 mutations were present in 7.9%, whereas IDH2 mutations were more frequent and mutations were identified in codon 140 and 172 in a frequency of 11.1% and 2.6%, respectively. The SNP 105C | T was present in 10.5% of the patients, similar to the normal
TY - JOUR. T1 - Treatment with FLT3 inhibitor in patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia is associated with development of secondary FLT3-tyrosine kinase domain mutations. AU - Alvarado, Yesid. AU - Kantarjian, Hagop M.. AU - Luthra, Rajyalakshmi. AU - Ravandi, Farhad. AU - Borthakur, Gautam. AU - Garcia-Manero, Guillermo. AU - Konopleva, Marina. AU - Estrov, Zeev. AU - Andreeff, Michael. AU - Cortes, Jorge E.. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - BACKGROUND FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations are found in approximately 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3 inhibitors have shown clinical activity in AML with FLT3-ITD, but responses are usually short-lived. METHODS This study examined 69 FLT3-mutated patients with AML, who were treated with different FLT3 inhibitors to analyze emergence of new mutations. RESULTS At baseline, 87% of patients had an ITD mutation, 7% had a D835/I836 mutation, and 6% had combined ITD and D835/I836 mutations. Responses occurred ...
Synonyms for acute leukemia in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for acute leukemia. 8 words related to acute leukemia: cancer of the blood, leucaemia, leukaemia, leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia.... What are synonyms for acute leukemia?
Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs may have potential as new biomarkers to predict prognosis of different human cancers. HOTAIR lncRNA, transcribed from the human HOX locus, has been suggested to regulate gene expression of important target genes and up-regulation has been noted in malignancies. The role of HOX transcript antisense RNA in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was investigated in the present case control study. HOTAIR expression was evaluated in blood samples of twenty five de novo AML patients and fifty healthy controls using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results demonstrated no significant differences in HOTAIR lncRNA expression level between AML patients and healthy individuals. The obtained data indicate that HOTAIR is not an informative and reliable biomarker for AML diagnosis, although our results should be confirmed in further studies.
Between 1978 and 1988 (median follow up 5 1/2 years), 396 newly diagnosed adults with AML (age range 14-59 years, median 44) received STT comprising daily Adriamycin: 25mg/m2 for 3 days, Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C): 100mg/m2 bd and 6-thioguanine: 100mg/m2 bd, each for 7 days. A maximum of 6 cycles was administered with as short an intercycle time as possible. No further treatment was given. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 243/396 patients (62%), 71 patients (18%) having resistant leukaemia and 82 (21%) dying within 6 weeks. Antecedent myelodysplasia and advanced age correlated unfavourably with achievement of CR (p = less than 0.001 and 0.005 respectively). Sixty nine patients continue in first remission between 2 1/2 and 12 years; the median duration of remission was 1 year. M3 morphology (p = 0.005) and absence of hepatosplenomegaly (p = 0.001) correlated favourably with duration of remission. Ninety one patients remain alive with an actuarial survival of 22% at 5 years. More recently,
Senescence Effects of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides on Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem and Progenitor Cells Angelica sinensis polysaccharide;leukemia stem/progenitor cells;senescence;telomerase;telomere; Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play important roles in leukemia initiation, progression and relapse, and thus represent a critical target for therapeutic intervention. Hence, it is extremely urgent to explore new therapeutic strategies directly targeting LSCs for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) therapy. We show here that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), a major active component in Dong quai (Chinese Angelica sinensis), effectively inhibited human AML $CD34^+CD38^-$ cell proliferation in vitro culture in a dose-dependent manner while sparing normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells at physiologically achievable concentrations. Furthermore, ASP exerted cytotoxic effects on AML K562 cells, especially LSC-enriched $CD34^+CD38^-$ cells. Colony formation assays further showed that ASP
Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7), Adult Acute Minimally Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia (M0), Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b), Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2), Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1), Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22), Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(16;16)(p13;q22), Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22), Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4), Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a), Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts in ...
Grant] United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / S06 GM063119; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / S06 GM063119-05; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / AI037194-050004; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R01 AI044786; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / AI44786; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R01 AI014209-30; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / P01 AI037194-050004; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM63119; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R15 AI052139-01; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / AI014209-30; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R37 AI014209; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R15 AI052139; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / P01 AI037194; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R01 AI044786-01A1; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / AI52139; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / AI052139-01; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R01 AI014209; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / AI37194; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM063119-05; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A novel immunohistochemical score to predict early mortality in acute myeloid leukemia patients based on indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase expression. AU - Mangaonkar, Abhishek. AU - Mondal, Ashis Kumar. AU - Fulzule, Sadanand. AU - Pundkar, Chetan. AU - Park, Eun Jeong. AU - Jillella, Anand. AU - Kota, Vamsi. AU - Xu, Hongyan. AU - Savage, Natasha M.. AU - Shi, Huidong. AU - Munn, David. AU - Kolhe, Ravindra. PY - 2017/12/1. Y1 - 2017/12/1. N2 - Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) is an enzyme in the kynurenine pathway which augments tumor-induced immune tolerance. Previous studies in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have shown a negative correlation of IDO-1 mRNA expression with outcomes. The aim of our study was to develop a practical and objective immunohistochemical technique to quantify IDO-1 expression on diagnostic bone marrow biopsies of AML patients in order to facilitate its use in routine clinical practice. IDO-1 mRNA was extracted from diagnostic bone marrow ...
Gene expression profiling has shown its ability to identify with high accuracy low cytogenetic risk acute myeloid leukemia such as acute promyelocytic leukemia and leukemias with t(8;21) or inv(16). The aim of this gene expression profiling study was to evaluate to what extent suboptimal samples with low leukemic blast load (range, 2-59%) and/or poor quality control criteria could also be correctly identified. Specific signatures were first defined so that all 71 acute promyelocytic leukemia, leukemia with t(8;21) or inv(16)-AML as well as cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia samples with at least 60% blasts and good quality control criteria were correctly classified (training set). The classifiers were then evaluated for their ability to assign to the expected class 111 samples considered as suboptimal because of a low leukemic blast load (n = 101) and/or poor quality control criteria (n = 10) (test set). With 10-marker classifiers, all training set samples as well as 97 of the 101 test
Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML) in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are rare events. The cumulative exposure to chemotherapy with alkylating agents and topoisomer
Pgreater thanThis prospective Phase II study is the first to assess the feasibility and efficacy of maintenance 5-azacytidine for older patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS-acute myeloid leukaemia syndromes in complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy. Sixty patients were enrolled and treated by standard induction chemotherapy. Patients that reached CR started maintenance therapy with subcutaneous azacytidine, 5/28 d until relapse. Promoter-methylation status of CDKN2B (P15 ink4b), CDH1 and HIC1 was examined pre-induction, in CR and 6, 12 and 24 months post CR. Twenty-four (40%) patients achieved CR after induction chemotherapy and 23 started maintenance treatment with azacytidine. Median CR duration was 13 center dot 5 months, greater than 24 months in 17% of the patients, and 18-30 center dot 5 months in the four patients with trisomy 8. CR duration was not associated with CDKN2B methylation status or karyotype. Median ...
Patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia are often treated with a combination of daunorubicin and 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C). Both daunorubicin and ara-C exert their effects in the cell nucleus but by different mechanisms, i.e. daunorubicin causes double stranded DNA breaks by inhibition of the nuclear enzyme, topoisomerase (topo) IIα, whereas ara-C is an anti-metabolite that integrates with DNA during DNA synthesis and causes cell cycle arrest. Despite the initial efficacy of these drugs, resistance often develops in the clinical setting. The mechanisms underlying clinical resistance to these drugs are poorly understood, but may be associated with an increase in the proportion of topo IIα negative cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether daunorubicin treatment results in increased numbers of topo IIα negative subpopulations in vitro. Acute myeloid leukaemia cells isolated from 12 consenting patients were treated for 24 h with increasing ...
A study of over 300 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia has been completed by member institutions of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. A complete remission rate of 51% was achieved. The FAB classification was used with an overall concordance of 61% between investigators and the repository center. Acute monocytic leukemia (M5) and acute erythroleukemia (M6) accounted for 12% of the cases accessioned and had the worst median survival with no patients surviving 2 years. The longest response duration occurred in hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia (M3).. ...
Speaking Events: Invited to be a speaker at Latitude 59 in Tallinn, Estonia to present on Virtual Reality (VR) in Health Care-May 2017, PIAA International Conference-Amsterdam, Presentation-Social Media: Friend or Foe in 21st Century Medicine, October 2014, Past Speaking Events: Womens Health Conversations September 2013 Pittsburgh, PA, Presentation-Consumer Engagement: How Social Media and Digital Technology are Changing Health Care, Treatment Centers of America, Moderating Physician Social Media Panel, March 2013, HIMSS SoCal Annual Health Care IT Conference, Los Angeles, CA, Speaking/Moderating Social Media Panel, April, 2013. Novartis Internal Event- Presentation, Social Media is Changing the Landscape in Health Care. Ivey Global Health Care Conference - Measuring What Matters: Cost vs. Value November 27-28, 2012-Metro Toronto Convention Centre Toronto, ON Canada-Panel Session: Needs, Wants and Values in Health Care: The Public Perspective and Barbaras presentation will focus on ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Bone marrow transplantation for therapy-induced acute myeloid leukemia in children with previous lymphoid malignancies. AU - Hale, G. A.. AU - Heslop, Helen. AU - Bowman, L. C.. AU - Rochester, R. A.. AU - Pui, C. H.. AU - Brenner, Malcolm. AU - Krance, R. A.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Twenty-one children who developed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia received allogeneic bone marrow transplants between January 1990 and June 1997. All had previously received epipodophyllotoxin-containing regimens and 11 had cytogenetic abnormalities involving 11q23. Induction chemotherapy was given to 13 patients and eight patients went directly to BMT. Eleven received marrow from matched siblings, eight from matched unrelated donors and two from haploidentical family members. Conditioning regimens included cyclophosphamide (CY), cytarabine, and total body irradiation. Four patients are alive disease-free between 1118 and 1825 days post-BMT ...
Nausea and vomiting continue to be distressing side effects of cancer chemotherapy. We recently reported (1) a randomized, double-blind study in which a single 10-mg dose of intravenous dexamethasone markedly reduced the gastrointestinal side effects of mildly emetogenic chemotherapy for outpatients with breast cancer. We now report the safety and efficacy of repeated doses of dexamethasone in eliminating the nausea and vomiting of induction chemotherapy for patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.. All patients included in the study were adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (at diagnosis or on relapse) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and were treated with ...
The purpose of the study is to determine whether Fludarabine in combination with cytarabine is more effective than high-dose cytarabine in post-remission
The multifunctional E4F1 protein was originally identified as a cellular target of the E1A adenoviral oncoprotein. Although E4F1 is implicated in several key oncogenic pathways, its roles in tumorigenesis remain unclear. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of myeloid leukemia (histiocytic sarcomas, HS) based on the genetic inactivation of the tumor suppressor Ink4a/Arf locus, we have recently unraveled an unsuspected function of E4F1 in the survival of leukemic cells. In vivo, genetic ablation of E4F1 in established myeloid tumors results in tumor regression. E4F1 inactivation results in a cascade of alterations originating from dysfunctional mitochondria that induce increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and ends in massive autophagic cell death in HS transformed, but not normal myeloid cells. E4F1 depletion also induces cell death in various human myeloid leukemic cell lines, including acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cell lines. Interestingly, the E4F1 protein is overexpressed in a large
Characterizing genes associated with leukemic cell differentiation may provide help for understanding mechanisms on the leukemia differentiation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the expression of melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) could be induced during leukemia differentiation and whether mda-7/IL-24 plays a role in leukemia differentiation. We showed that the expression of mda-7/IL-24 and IL-24 delE5, an mda-7/IL-24 splice variant, was induced in U937 and HL60 cells during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated monocytic differentiation. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway was required for their induction. Knockdown of mda-7/IL-24 and IL-24 delE5 resulted in significant inhibition of the monocytic differentiation induced by TPA. More importantly, ectopic overexpression of mda-7/IL-24 and IL-24 delE5 significantly induced U937 cells, HL60 cells, and blast cells from ...
BACKGROUND: We investigated the spectrum, frequency, and risk factors for renal, gastrointestinal, and hepatic late adverse effects in survivors of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without relapse treated with chemotherapy alone according to three consecutive AML trials by the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO).. METHODS: A population-based cohort of children treated for AML according to the NOPHO-AML-84, -88, and -93 trials included 138 eligible survivors of whom 102 (74%) completed a questionnaire and 104 (75%) had a clinical examination and blood sampling performed. Eighty-five of 94 (90%) eligible sibling controls completed a similar questionnaire. Siblings had no clinical examination or blood sampling performed.. RESULTS: At a median of 11 years (range 4-25) after diagnosis, renal, gastrointestinal, and hepatic disorders were rare both in survivors of childhood AML and in sibling controls, with no significant differences. Ferritin was elevated in 21 (21%) AML ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Acute myeloid leukemia cells in G0 phase of the cell cycle that are unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy are sensitive to treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/diphtheria toxin fusion proteins. AU - Jedema, Inge. AU - Barge, Renée M Y. AU - Frankel, Arthur E.. AU - Willemze, Roel. AU - Falkenburg, J. H Frederik. PY - 2004/2. Y1 - 2004/2. N2 - Objective. Unresponsiveness to chemotherapy is a major problem in the treatment of leukemia, which can be caused by unresponsiveness of noncycling cells to cell cycle-dependent cytotoxic agents. Targeted toxins consisting of a targeting and activating cytokine (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) and diphtheria toxin (DT) can be used to overcome this kind of resistance of leukemic cells. In this study we manipulated the cell cycle and proliferative status of leukemic cells, explored the effect on sensitivity to DT, and determined the ability of DT388GMCSF fusion proteins to activate and ...
Two distinct forms of fms-like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) gene aberrations, internal tandem duplication (ITD) and tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations, have been recognized in a substantial proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To investigate their prognostic significance, we perfo …
Anti-CD33-antibodies labelled with the alpha-emitter Bismuth-213 kill CD33-positive acute myeloid leukaemia cells specifically by activation of caspases and break radio- and chemoresistance by inhibition of the anti-apoptotic proteins X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and B-cell lymphoma-extra ...
A recurrent somatic mutation frequently found in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3). This mutation is generally detected in the clinical laboratory by PCR and electrophoresis-based product sizing. As the number of clinically relevant somatic mutations in AML increases, it becomes increasingly attractive to incorporate FLT3 ITD testing into multiplex assays for many somatic mutations simultaneously, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, the performance of most NGS analysis tools for identifying medium-size insertions such as FLT3 ITD mutations is largely unknown. We used a multigene, targeted NGS assay to obtain deep sequence coverage (,1000-fold) of FLT3 and 26 other genes from 22 FLT3 ITD-positive and 29 ITD-negative specimens to examine the performance of several commonly used NGS analysis tools for identifying FLT3 ITD mutations. ITD mutations were present in hybridization-capture ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Treatment of refractory and relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia with combination chemotherapy plus the multidrug resistance modulator PSC 833 (Valspodar). AU - Advani, Ranjana. AU - Saba, Hussain I.. AU - Tallman, Martin S.. AU - Rowe, Jacob M.. AU - Wiernik, Peter H.. AU - Ramek, Joseph. AU - Dugan, Kathleen. AU - Lum, Bert. AU - Villena, Jenny. AU - Davis, Eric. AU - Paietta, Elisabeth. AU - Litchman, Manuel. AU - Sikic, Branimir I.. AU - Greenberg, Peter L.. PY - 1999/2/1. Y1 - 1999/2/1. N2 - A potential mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the multidrug resistance (MDR-1) gene product P- glycoprotein (P-gp), which is often overexpressed in myeloblasts from refractory or relapsed AML. In a multicenter phase II clinical trial, 37 patients with these poor risk forms of AML were treated with PSC 833 (Valspodar; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ), a potent inhibitor of the MDR-1 efflux pump, plus mitoxantrone, etoposide, and ...
Title. Comparing Combination Chemotherapy To Combination Chemotherapy Plus a Drug Called PSC 833 In Patients With Poor-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (A Phase III Trial). Sponsor. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group through the NCI-sponsored Cancer Cooperative Group Program. Purpose of the Study. To find out whether the addition of PSC-833 to a standard chemotherapy drug combination is beneficial in treating patients with poor-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) that has returned or is resistant to treatment and in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Laboratory studies have shown that PSC-833 may decrease the resistance of leukemia cells to combination chemotherapy, and enhance the effectiveness of treatment.. Results. The study did not show improved anti-leukemia effects in combination chemotherapy plus PSC-833 compared with combination chemotherapy alone in patients with poor-risk AML or high-risk MDS.. Conclusion. No other studies are ...
After a median follow-up of 4 years, the actuarial risk of leukemic relapse was considerably lower in the transplant group than in the group treated with consolidation chemotherapy (32% +/- 26% v 60% +/- 14%; P = .05). Treatment-related mortality, however, was much higher in the group treated with BMT (32% v 6%, P = .002). The actuarial disease-free survival at 5 years was not significantly different for the two groups (45% +/- 24% v 38% +/- 14%). Conclusions: ...
Sodium phenylacetate (PA) and sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) are aromatic fatty acids that can effect differentiation in a variety of cell lines at doses that may be clinically attainable. We have studied the impact of these two agents on lineage- and differentiation stage-specific antigen expression, proliferation, apoptosis, and clonogenic cell survival in primary cultures of bone marrow samples from patients with myeloid neoplasms at presentation and in remission and from normal volunteers. PB inhibited the proliferation of primary acute myeloid leukemia cells in suspension culture with an ID50 of 6.6 mM, similar to its ED50 in cell lines. At higher doses (,/=5 mM), PB also induced apoptosis. PB inhibited clonogenic leukemia cell growth with a median ID50 of less than 2 mM; however, colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage from patients with myelodysplasia and normal volunteers were inhibited with a similar ID50. In contrast to PB, its metabolite PA had no significant effect on either acute ...
Welcome to the sixteenth part of a series on Hemato-oncology.. Question: Dr. Chiragbhai, thank you for explaining to us about treatment of ALL - Acute Lymphoid Leukemia. It was good to know that this leukemia has a cure rate as high as 60-90%.. Now, can you tell us about the Chronic Leukemias?. Answer: Chronic leukemias include mainly CML i.e. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and CLL i.e. Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia. They behave very differently from acute leukemias, and are mostly treated as outpatient, often with tablets. In fact, most such patients are not ready to believe that they have leukemia and yet we are giving them very good prognosis.. Que: Yes, Leukemia word sounds so scary. How do the chronic leukemias present?. Ans: First, we will talk about CML i.e. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, since it is the most exciting disease for hematologists. This is the disease where underlying specific genetic abnormality i.e. Philadelphia chromosome, was first identified many years ago. Also, CML is the first ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - CD300f epitopes are specific targets for acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation. AU - Abadir, Edward. AU - Gasiorowski, Robin E.. AU - Lai, Kaitao. AU - Kupresanin, Fiona. AU - Romano, Adelina. AU - Silveira, Pablo A.. AU - Lo, Tsun-Ho. AU - Fromm, Phillip D.. AU - Kennerson, Marina L.. AU - Iland, Harry J.. AU - Ho, P. Joy. AU - Hogarth, P. Mark. AU - Bradstock, Kenneth. AU - Hart, Derek N. J.. AU - Clark, Georgina J.. N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2019. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.. PY - 2019/10/1. Y1 - 2019/10/1. N2 - Antibody-based therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been marred by significant hematologic toxicity due to targeting of both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Achieving greater success with therapeutic antibodies requires careful characterization of the potential target molecules on ...
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are hematologic diseases that frequently affect older adults. Treatment is challenging. Management of older adults with MDS and AML needs to be individualized, accounting for both the heterogeneity of disease biology and patient characteristics, which can influence life expectancy and treatment tolerance. Clinical trials accounting for the heterogeneity of tumor biology and physiologic changes of aging are needed to define optimal standards of care. This article highlights key evidence related
Survivin, and Aven are members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins family. They are reported to be over-expressed in many cancers including leukemia. Previous studies suggested that Survivin is implicated in both control of apoptosis and regulation of cell division. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the two apoptotic inhibitors - Survivin and Aven-at the messenger (m)RNA level in acute myeloid leukemias (AML) in relation to the clinical and hematological findings. Thirty adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 10 healthy subjects were studied. Patients were subjected to complete blood picture, bone marrow examination and immunophenotyping. Based on the French American British classification, they were subdivided to M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was used to investigate the expression of Survivin, and Aven mRNA. The AML patients showed expression of Survivin (206 bp) but not Aven mRNA. In contrast, neither
Myeloid Sarcoma (MS), a rare extra hematopoietic carcinoma composed of blast cells, is located primarily in extramedullary sites such as skin, soft tissue, lymph nodes, and bone. MS usually presents in the setting of coexisting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative disorders. Gastrointestinal involvement (GI) is extremely rare from nonspecific abdominal symptoms to obstruction. Eight cases of myeloid sarcoma involving the duodenum including the current case have been reported, overall mean age being 40 years (range 17–71) and M : F ratio 7 : 1. The prognosis of patients with |i|de novo|/i| MS cases has been reported to be better than those who have a coexisting leukemia. MS is a rare extramedullary tumor, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass involving the duodenum, especially if there is a coexisting hematological disorder. |i|De novo|/i| cases often progress to AML, and current therapy involves Daunorubicin- and
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin was withdrawn from the market after being evaluated in combination with chemotherapy in the frontline treatment of patients aged 18 to 60 years with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). More-recent randomised trials demonstrate that low doses of gemtuzumab added to cytarabine and anthracycline-based chemotherapy benefit patients with better-risk AML. This article was first published [more]
Smeeta Gajendra, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo. Auer Rods in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Can Change the Diagnosis. Turk J Hematol. 2015; 32(3): 278- ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in the elderly with intermediate high‐dose cytosine arabinoside. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
BACKGROUND: More than 60% of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) become long-term survivors, and approximately 50% are cured with chemotherapy only. Limited data exist about their long-term morbidity and social outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare the self-reported use of health care services, health experience, social outcomes, and lifestyle behavior of AML survivors with that of their sibling controls. METHODS: This population-based study included 138 children treated for AML according to the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO)-AML-84, -88, and -93 trials, and alive by June 30, 2007. Patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or relapse were not included. Altogether, 102 (74%) survivors and 91% of their siblings completed a questionnaire. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 11 (range 4-25) years after diagnosis. AML survivors had no increased rate of hospitalization compared with sibling controls, but were more often receiving ...
Contradicting what some previous investigations have found, a study from The US Oncology Network found that adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer does not increase the risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (AML/MDS), at least within the first 3 years of treatment.1 The study was presented at the 2012 Breast Cancer Symposium by Neelima Denduluri, MD, of Virginia Cancer Specialists, Arlington, Virginia.. The rates of AML/MDS were found to be low after adjuvant chemotherapy, and similar to those noted in non-chemotherapy-treated patients, Dr. Denduluri reported.. She acknowledged that the follow-up time is short. However, she pointed out, the majority of topoisomerase-induced leukemias are detected within the first 3 years.. The risk of developing AML/MDS after breast cancer treatment has been estimated at approximately 1% overall, though higher risks may be incurred by patients who are older and those who have received anthracyclines, high cumulative doses of ...
Fucosyltransferase (FT) activity of normal lymphocytes, normal granulocytes, and various types of human leukemic cells and electrofocusing pattern of FT activity in human leukemic cells and normal lymphocytes were examined using asialofetuin as an acceptor. Levels of FT activity in normal lymphocytes were higher than those of normal granulocytes in which FT activity was almost undetectable. The FT activity was higher in blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis than in blast cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The level of FT activity was lower in cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia than that of normal lymphocytes, but it was higher than that of normal granulocytes. Three main isoelectric forms of FT in leukemic blast cells were identified by isoelectrofocusing, and they each had a characteristic focusing point: around pH 4.5 (peak 1); pH 4.9 (peak 2); and pH 5.2 (peak 3). In blast cells ...