[Objective] The study aimed to determine the toxicity of several insecticides against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Gunenée),and provide a base for controlling Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Gunenée).[Method] With the 3th instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Gunenée) as tested larva,seven kinds of insecticides were diluted as five series of concentration,the mortality of the tested insects were investigated after treating by insect-soaking method for 48 h(96 h treated with Monosultap).[Result] Monosultap had a lowest toxicity to C.medinalis with LC50 of 306.624 2 mg/L.Avermectins had a highest toxicity with LC50 of 0.221 0 mg/L and Fipronils LC50 was 7.237 5 mg/L,being only lower than Avermectins.Based on their toxicity to C.medinalis,the tested 7 insecticides were arranged in decreasing order as Avermectins Fipronil Hexaflumuron Profenofos Chlorpyrifos Triazophos Monosultap.Control efficacy of 1.8% Avermectins EC at 8.1 g(a.i) /hm2 and 40% Profenofos EC at 480 g(a.i) /hm2 was 86.68% and 81.72%

Chilo suppressalis, the Asiatic rice borer or striped rice stemborer, is a moth of the Crambidae family. It is a widespread species, known from India, Sri Lanka, China, eastern Asia, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia to the Pacific. It is a serious pest of rice. They are largely responsible for the great reduction in the rice growing in East Asia, India and Indonesia. It was probably introduced in Spain and Hawaii by humans, where it is widely spread towards Northern Territory of Australia. The wingspan is 18 mm in male and 18-20 mm in female. In the male, the head and thorax are brown and white. Abdomen pale. Forewings with somewhat acute apex which is ochreous, wholly suffused with brown except a patch in cell and a streak below medial nervure. Inner margin whitish. A sinuous rufous medial line runs with silvery spots on its inner side, also on discocellulars, and below vein 2. A rufous submarginal line, highly angled at vein 6 and with silvery line on its outer edge. A marginal series of black specks ...

This journal publishes articles on the economic significance of insects, including types of insects, insecticides, biological control, and crop protection.

Galleria mellonella larvae were inoculated with different doses of β-glucan by injection into the haemocoel. Those larvae that had received high doses of β-glucan (15, 30 or 60 μg/larva) demonstrated increased survival following infection with the yeast Candida albicans. High concentrations of glucan induced an increase in haemocyte density and a reduction in yeast proliferation within the haemocoel. Proteomic analysis of glucan-treated larvae revealed increased expression of a variety of peptides some of which may possess antimicrobial properties. Analysis of expression profiles revealed that low doses of β-glucan (3.75 μg/larva) triggered the increased expression of certain peptides (e.g. hemolin) while high dose inoculation was required before the increased expression of others (e.g. archaemetzincin) was evident. These results indicate that low doses of β-glucan induce a limited immune response while high doses induce an immune response that has the potential to curtail the threat ...

Staphylococcus aureus is a human opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of superficial and systemic infections in susceptible patients. Here we describe how an inoculum of S. aureus activates the cellular and humoral response of Galleria mellonella larvae while growing and disseminating throughout the host, forming nodules and ultimately killing the host. An inoculum of S. aureus (2×106 larva− 1 ) decreased larval viability at 24 (80±5.77 %), 48 (55.93±5.55 %) and 72 h (10.23±2.97 %) and was accompanied by significant proliferation and dissemination of S. aureus between 6 and 48 h and the formation of nodules in the host. The hemocyte (immune cell) densities increased between 4 and 24 h and hemocytes isolated from larvae after 24 h exposure to heat-killed S. aureus (2×106 larva− 1 ) showed altered killing kinetics as compared to those from control larvae. Alterations in the humoral immune response of larvae 6 and 24 h post-infection were also determined by quantitative shotgun

Transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first commercialized in 1996. By 2009, Bt crops were planted on ca. 47.6 Mha in 22 countries worldwide, with the USA and Canada accounting for 54% of this area. Resistance (virulence) development in target insect pests is a major threat to the sustainable use of Bt crops. Four major target pests of Bt crops in the USA and Canada - European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (both Lepidoptera: Crambidae), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) - remain susceptible to Bt toxins after 15 years of intensive use of Bt maize and Bt cotton. The success in sustaining susceptibility in these major pests is associated with successful implementation of the high-dose/refuge insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy: (i) Bt crop cultivars express a ...

This study examines phenotypic plasticity in relation to rearing density in larvae of the moth, Mamestra brassicae. Larval phase, growth rate, weight at moulting and susceptibility to disease were quantified when reared at five densities. Larvae develop more quickly, but attain a smaller size and are more susceptible to disease, when reared at high than at intermediate densities. They also exhibit a higher degree of melanisation than larvae reared at intermediate densities, or singly. A review of the literature suggests that a switch to a rapidly developing dark phase at high densities is a widespread phenomenon within the Lepidoptera. Rapid development at the expense of attaining a large size, and increased melanisation, are interpreted as adaptive responses to reach pupation before food supplies are depleted, as is likely when larval density is high. High susceptibility to viral infection at high density may be a result of physiological stress associated with rapid development, or due to a ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Involvement of nonbinding site proteinases in the development of resistance of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera. T2 - Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac. AU - Cao, Guangchun. AU - Zhang, Lili. AU - Liang, Gemei. AU - Li, Xianchun. AU - Wu, Kongming. PY - 2013/12. Y1 - 2013/12. N2 - Development of resistance to transgenic crops expressing the Cry toxin from Bacterium thuringiensis (Bt) has been the major concern for the long-term success of Bt crops. Alterations in nonbinding site proteinases and Bt toxin receptors are the two types of mechanisms responsible for Bt resistance in resistant insects. However, little is known about the relative contributions of the two types of mechanisms in the early and late phases of the development of Bt resistance. To address the relative contributions of four nonbinding site proteinases including esterase, total protease, chymotrypsin, and glutathione S-transferase in the early and late phases of the development of Cry1Ac resistance, we analyzed the ...

Outline The Lepidoptera Taxome Project aims to coordinate the production, completion, and dissemination of online taxonomy of Lepidoptera on our planet at the species and subspecies level. There are about 180,000 described species of Lepidoptera, around 10% of all described species of living organisms. This project started out life as the Butterfly Taxome Project. Given the data banks already available for moths and the enthusiasm of people such as Malcolm Scoble, Niels Kristensen, and George Beccaloni, it seems that at the very least a synonymic catalogue for the entire Lepidoptera will be possible within five years, and should be undertaken. Malcolm Scobles group has already completed a baseline project on the Geometridae (21,000 species) which demonstrates that the project is plausible. In the butterflies (Papilionoidea), there are about 17,500 described species, or 1% of known organisms, and they will be covered in much greater detail than the moths, including original descriptions and ...

As part of a research project on the distibutional biases of citizen science data such as iNaturalist, I have been examining the uploads of Lepidoptera observations (butterflies and moths) in my home state of Texas. I chose Lepidoptera because of my own particular taxonomic interests and because it offers a finite set of data to analyze. Here I present some details of the history of iNat uploads as background. All the data recited below are complete as of December 31, 2020, with most of the statistics accessed through the Explore page in the first few weeks of January 2021. Figure 1a (below) shows a heat map of all the available Lepidoptera observations in Texas at the end of 2020. This can be compared to the distribution of all forms of life as shown in Figure 1b. These are intriguing maps but Ill reserve more discussion of them until I complete my research project. As of 31 December 2020, a total of 541,588 observations of Lepidoptera in Texas had been uploaded to iNaturalist by 26,022 ...

Lepidoptera Exchange is dedicated to exchange and sell species of lepidoptera. It contains the private lists of specimens, Heteroceres and Rhopaloceres. These lists are long and contain many different species. They are daily updated. Lepidoptera Exchange est dédicacé à l échange et la vente de spécimens. Il contient les listes privées des spécimens Heteroceres et Rhopaloceres. Ces listes sont longues et contiennent de nombreux spécimens de Lepidoptera différents. Elles sont mise à jour régulièrement.

They fused the sequence for Bt toxin Cry1Ac with that of the nontoxic B-chain subunit of ricin (RB) in a recombinant plasmid. RB is a leptin that binds with galactose as well as N-acetylgalactosamine residues with high affinity, the latter of which are key components of Bt toxin-binding receptors. Then embryonic callus from mature maize seeds were bombarded with this BtRB fusion. The researchers tested their fusion toxin against stem borer Chilo suppressalis, a pest normally susceptible to Cry1Ac, and found that maize producing low levels of BtRB killed 75 per cent of larvae, compared with 17 per cent in Bt-only plants. Similar trials with the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis, which is resistant to Bt delta endotoxins, showed that after 4 days, nearly 78 per cent of larvae died on BtRB maize, compared with less than 20 per cent on Bt-only or nontransformed maize. In the leafhopper Cicadulina mbila, which like other homopterans was ordinarily not affected by Bt toxins, 95 per cent of ...

Velvetbean caterpillars are active and will spring from plants and wiggle rapidly when disturbed. Individuals less than one-half inch long loop when they crawl and are often misidentified as soybean loopers (Sprenkel 1999). The life cycle of the velvetbean caterpillar is completed in about four weeks during the summer, but takes longer in the fall. The number of generations occurring depends on the dispersal and arrival of adults. Velvetbean caterpillar moths overwinter in southern Florida and begin moving northward in early summer. They arrive in north Florida by mid-August and are very abundant by September. Egg: The egg of the velvetbean caterpillar is prominently ribbed, slightly oval, and white until just before hatching, when it turns pink. The egg is 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter, and flattened on the lower surface. Eggs are laid singly on the undersides of leaves, although in heavy infestations eggs may be found on the upper surfaces of leaves, on the petioles and even on the stems (Watson ...

Spatial distribution of and sampling plans for Mussidia nigrivenella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cultivated and wild host plants in Benin ...

In Drosophila, the fat body, functionally equivalent to the mammalian liver and adipocytes, plays a central role in regulating systemic growth in response to nutrition. The fat body senses intracellular amino acids through Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling, and produces an unidentified humoral fac …

Curacron - Insecticides Control of Lepidoptera in Cotton by Syngenta. The foundation product for the control of lepidoptera in cotton with strong effects against mining and sucking insects as well as mites. The ideal partner for tank-mix or ready-mix...

This work provides a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships within the Neotropical genus Sparganothina, and between this genus and other lineages of Sparganothini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Nineteen species are considered to belong to Sparganothina. Ten additional species are placed in Sparganothina and five in Coelostathma, pending a better phylogenetic understanding of Coelostathma and related genera. Thirty species are described as new.

Free Essay: They are found in many parts of the world, most notably in North America and throughout various sections of Europe. One of the most notable...

Lepidoptera are key pests that require control to avoid significant losses in many cropping systems worldwide. Failure to control key species can result in crop losses and jeopardise the economics of production. Many major lepidopteran pests are also undergoing geographical range expansion. Control options exist for moth pests but most have issues of cost, efficacy or non-target impacts. For example, while insecticides are widely used, there is increasing opposition to residues on food and in the environment. The sterile insect technique (SIT), which involves mass rearing and release of sterile insects to overflood a wild population of the pest, has been used successfully against a number of moth species. However, despite successes, the wider development and deployment of SIT has important issues that need further investigation. Previous coordinated research projects (CRP) have addressed a number of constraints. Despite excellent progress by a previous CRP, there remains a need for progress in a ...

Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885 (artist, author), Caterpillar, possibly of the Bomolocha species from Lepidoptera : Larva, Food-Plant, Pupa, &c. by Titian Ramsay Peale, AMNH Research Library , Digital Special Collections, accessed February 17, 2020, https://lbry-web-007.amnh.org/digital/index.php/items/show/33099 ...

A series of novel tetrazole derivatives was synthetized using N-alkylation or Michael-type addition reactions, and screened for their fungistatic potential against Candida albicans (the lack of endpoint = 100%). Among them, the selected compounds 2d, 4b, and 6a differing in substituents at the tetrazole ring were non-toxic to Galleria mellonella larvae in vivo and exerted slight toxicity against Caco-2 in vitro (CC50 at 256 μg/mL). An antagonistic effect of tetrazole derivatives 2d, 4b, and 6a respectively in combination with Fluconazole was shown using the checker board and colorimetric methods (fractional inhibitory concentration indexes FICIs ,1 ...

Graces Insect Cell Medium with L-Glutamine optimal for growth and maintenance of insect cells in culture such as in Dipteran and/or Lepidopteran cell lines

Types of Green Caterpillars Green caterpillars are a number of the most normally recognizable crawling insects inside the wild. All types of caterpillars, together with green ones, gorge on a weight loss plan of plant and tree leaves. Some of the most important and fattest insects in the Lepidoptera order are inexperienced caterpillars. Green caterpillars …. Green Caterpillars Types And Identification Guide 2021 Read More ». ...

Winter; P. O., En extra hjælp til bestemmelse af Amphipyra pyramidea (L.) og A. berbera svenssoni (Fletcher) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Oversat fra engelsk af Ib Norgaard), . . . pg. ...

Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885 (artist, author), Probably Ceratomia undulosa from Lepidoptera : Larva, Food-Plant, Pupa, &c. by Titian Ramsay Peale, AMNH Research Library , Digital Special Collections, accessed April 6, 2020, https://lbry-web-007.amnh.org/digital/index.php/items/show/33108 ...

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As part of a research project on the distibutional biases of citizen science data such as iNaturalist, I have been examining the uploads of Lepidoptera observations (butterflies and moths) in my home state of Texas. I chose Lepidoptera because of my own particular taxonomic interests and because it offers a finite set of data to analyze. Here I present some details of the history of iNat uploads as background. All the data recited below are complete as of December 31, 2020, with most of the statistics accessed through the Explore page in the first few weeks of January 2021. Figure 1a (below) shows a heat map of all the available Lepidoptera observations in Texas at the end of 2020. This can be compared to the distribution of all forms of life as shown in Figure 1b. These are intriguing maps but Ill reserve more discussion of them until I complete my research project. As of 31 December 2020, a total of 541,588 observations of Lepidoptera in Texas had been uploaded to iNaturalist by 26,022 ...

Valtonen, A., Leinonen, R., Pöyry, J., Roininen, H., Tuomela, J. and Ayres, M. P. (2014), Is climate warming more consequential towards poles? The phenology of Lepidoptera in Finland. Global Change Biology, 20: 16-27. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12372 ...

Buy Molecular Model Systems in the Lepidoptera by Marian R. Goldsmith (9780521028271) from Boomerang Books, Australias Online Independent Bookstore

Caterpillars are the larval form of members of the order Lepidoptera. They are mostly herbivorous in food habit, although some species are insectivorous.

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Hatch occurs in 1 to 1 1/2 weeks and then the small caterpillars move to an adjacent leaf to begin feeding as a group. These small larvae consume only the soft portions of the leaf, leaving behind the leaf skeleton. At this stage the caterpillars are most easily located by looking in the vicinity of skeletonized leaves. After several days of feeding and growing, the 1st stage caterpillars shed their head capsule and skin and become second stage larvae. Caterpillars continue to feed and stay in groups. Larger caterpillars consume entire leaves leaving branches with nothing but bare twigs. After five to six weeks, the mature caterpillars cease feeding and disperse down from trees to pupate. This is the time, about mid-October in Florida, when most people notice and are likely to be bothered by the oakworms. Oakworms pupate about 2 to 3 inches deep in the soil, overwintering in this stage for nearly ten months. Moths emerge the next year to begin the cycle again.. ...

Order Lepidoptera Family Erebidae One of the biggest moths of the country and the biggest one in Bs As. It is almost 15 cm wide [photo id=23456 options=description,photographer size=large...

Van Nieukerken, E.J. et al. 2011: Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011: Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148: 212-221. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7 (online edition) PDF Reference page. ...

antibody-antibodies.com is the marketplace for research antibodies. Find the right antibody for your research needs. Purification and characterization of trypsin produced by gut bacteria from Anticarsia gemmatalis.

Behaviour of laboratory-selected Cry1Ac-tolerant strain of ,i,Helicoverpa armigera,/i, (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on ,i,Bt,/i,-cotton ...

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If this growth to a full sized creature, (and I am thinking principally of the lepidoptera caterpillar here) is possible, subsequent to someone being infected with cloned bacteria, it is of immense clinical importance that this is stated. Alternatively, (and I know that the colours, the sensing antennae, have been remarked upon), is it possible that the hairs of the adult lepidoptera butterfly or moth can be present? Of course, I understand that no-one may know the answer to this, or it may be that my questions in the last two paragraphs are silly, and that this could not happen in this way. If either of the preceding is your thoughts, please say so. You wont hurt my feelings or anything, because this level of science is not part of my life ...

Noctuidae : Panemeria tenebrata - mothdissection.co.uk This website presents images of British and European Lepidoptera preparations. It is designed as a reference tool to augment information provided in literature.

Noctuidae : Thysanoplusia orichalcea - mothdissection.co.uk This website presents images of British and European Lepidoptera preparations. It is designed as a reference tool to augment information provided in literature.

Forister ML, Novotny V, Panorska AK, Baje L, Basset Y, Butterill PT, Cizek L, Coley PD, Dem F, Diniz IR, Drozd P, Fox M, Glassmire AE, Hazen R, Hrcek J, Jahner JP, Kaman O, Kozubowski TJ, Kursar TA, Lewis OT, Lill J, Marquis RJ, Miller SE, Morais HC, Murakami M, Nickel H, Pardikes NA, Ricklefs RE, Singer MS, Smilanich AM, Stireman JO, Villamarín-Cortez S, Vodka S, Volf M, Wagner DL, Walla T, Weiblen GD, Dyer LA. The global distribution of diet breadth in insect herbivores. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jan 13; 112(2):442-7 ...

ID: Males of I.pectinea and I.masculella differ from other Incurvaria species in having pectinate antennae. I.masculella has a more distinctly orange-yellow head and more distinct white spots on a darker browner forewing. In I.pectinea the dorsal pale spots are more obscure and the forewing a greyer-brown. There is also a difference in the tapering of the antennal pectinations, the tapering occurring more gradually in I.masculella (illustrated right). In these examples at least there is also a difference in the number of pectinations, 27 in I.pectinea, 30 in I.masculella, but I do not know if this is variable or if so the range of variability. Also in my specimens in I masculella there is a greater contrast between the dark dorsal surface and pale ventral surface of the abdomen, the pale colour being restricted to the distal fringe of each segment in I.pectinea - but this difference needs to be confirmed. ...

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Both Hart and Sterling & Parsons use the scale-tooth as the main external feature for confirming identity, though both describe it in comparative terms. Hart keys it as scale-tooth generally long and narrow in A.acanthadactyla and scale-tooth generally short and broad in A.punctidacyla (with long/short being along the length of the hindwing 3rd lobe and narrow/broad referring to the degree of projection of the scale-tooth from the 3rd lobe). Sterling & Parsons describe the scale-tooth as wide and short in A.acanthadactyla and narrow and tall in A.punctidactyla (with wide/narrow being along the length of the hindwing 3rd lobe and short/tall referring to the degree of projection of the scale-tooth from the 3rd lobe). In my limited experience the length of the scale-tooth is difficult to judge but its degree of projection is a reliable feature ...

Comparative susceptibility and binding of Cry1 Bacillus thuringiensis toxins to the Asian (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) and European (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) corn borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae ...

The lepidopteran-specific P1 delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 was activated in vitro using insect gut proteases and found to be highly specific for the lepidopteran cell line Choristoneura fumiferana CF1 among a wide range of lepidopteran and dipteran cell lines tested. The toxicity of P1 against CF1 cells is inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and the lectins soybean agglutinin (SBA) and wheat-germ agglutinin. Protein blotting was used to identify a glycoprotein of 146 X 10(3) Mr in the plasma membrane of CF1 cells, capable of binding both the toxin and SBA, which is specific for GalNAc. This glycoprotein was labelled using galactose oxidase and sodium boro-[3H]hydride and solubilized in Triton X-100 before partial purification by affinity chromatography on SBA-agarose. We propose that this glycoprotein is a good candidate for the cellular receptor of the lepidopteran-specific P1 delta-endotoxin of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1. ...

BACKGROUND: The widespread planting of insect-resistant crops has caused a dramatic shift in agricultural landscapes, thus raising concerns about the potential impact on both target and non-target pests worldwide. In this study, we examined the potential effects of six seed-mixture ratios of insect-resistant dominance (100%-R100, 95%-S05R95, 90%-S10R90, 80%-S20R80, 60%-S40R60, and 0%-S100) on target and non-target pests in a 2-year field trial in southern China. RESULTS: The occurrence of target pests, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, decreased with the increased ratio of resistant rice, and the mixture ratios with ≥90% resistant rice significantly increased the pest suppression efficiency, with lowest occurrences of non-target pests, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, in S100 and S10R90 seed-mixture ratios ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A lepidopteran aminoacylase (L-ACY-1) in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera. T2 - Noctuidae) gut lumen hydrolyzes fatty acid-amino acid conjugates, elicitors of plant defense. AU - Kuhns, Emily H.. AU - Seidl-Adams, Irmgard H.. AU - Tumlinson, III, James Homer. PY - 2012/1/1. Y1 - 2012/1/1. N2 - Fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs) have been identified in Lepidopteran larvae as elicitors of plant defenses. Plant responses include the production of primary defense compounds and induction of secondary defense strategies including attraction of parasitoid wasps. These elicitors are present despite fitness costs, suggesting that they are important for the larvaes survival. In order to exploit FAC-mediated plant defense responses in agricultural settings, an understanding of FAC purpose and metabolism is crucial. To clarify their role, enzymes involved in this metabolism are being investigated. In this work a previously undiscovered FAC hydrolase was purified from Heliothis ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of a novel member of genus Iflavirus in Helicoverpa armigera. AU - Yuan, He. AU - Xu, Pengjun. AU - Yang, Xianming. AU - Graham, Robert I.. AU - Wilson, Kenneth. AU - Wu, Kongming. PY - 2017/3/1. Y1 - 2017/3/1. N2 - The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most important agricultural pests of many economic crops worldwide. Herein, we found a novel single-strand RNA virus by RNA-Seq and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method in H. armigera named Helicoverpa armigera iflavirus (HaIV), which possessed a genome with 10,017 nucleotides in length and contained a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative polyprotein of 3021 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 344.16 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 6.45. The deduced amino acid sequence showed highest similarity (61.0%) with the protein of Lymantria dispar Iflavirus 1. Phylogenetic analysis with putative RdRp amino acid sequences indicated that the virus clustered ...

There are several subspecies and races of Gypsy Moth. There are: - The Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar dispar race asian - The European gypsy moth Lymantria dispar dispar race Europe - and Lymantria dispar japonica the Japanese gypsy moth. The image shown here are of Lymantria dispar dispar the European gypsy moth. See reference for Schintlmeister 2004 Male Gypsy moths are brown with a darker brown pattern on their wings. Females are slightly larger and nearly white, with a few dark markings on their wings. Newly hatched caterpillars are black and hairy, later developing a mottled yellow to gray pattern with tufts of bristle like hairs and two rows of blue then red spots on their back. Adult females from Asian strains (west of the Ural mtns.) of Gypsy moth are capable of flight but European strains are incapable of flight. North American populations originated from Europe. Larvae of Asian strains also tend to grow larger. Because of these differences, eradication is usually directed to be more ...

The transmembrane sector of V-ATPases is involved in proton conduction across the membrane where a 15-17 kDa proteolipid forms a putative proton channel. An affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibody was developed to an antigenic and putatively extracellular region of a cloned 17 kDa proteolipid. In larval tissue sections, this antibody labeled the midgut goblet cell apical membrane in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the apical membrane in Malpighian tubules from H. virescens and Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). The antibody also recognized the 17 kDa protein in an immunoblot of H. virescens Malpighian tubule homogenate. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of two transcript sizes in the midgut (1.9 and 1.2 kb) and Malpighian tubules (2.2 and 1.9 kb). Our results strongly support the hypothesis that the 17 kDa protein is a component of the V-ATPase, where it is thought to be the proton-conducting subunit. This polyclonal antibody may provide a powerful tool for ...

To mitigate resistance development in pest insects to transgenic field corn and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, the USDA and EPA have indicated that a high dose/refuge strategy is most effective, but single toxin Bt crops which predominate the transgenic crop acreage provide only a moderately high dose for one target pest in North Carolina, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), or bollworm. When a source of susceptible insects is present, moderately high insecticide doses are expected to result in resistance development more quickly than high doses. In theory, introducing a pyramided genotype expressing two different Bt proteins in the presence of a source of susceptible insects can more substantially delay resistance development than a single Bt genotype expressing a high or moderately high Bt dose. Herein, we determine the effects of transgenic field corn (2001 & 2002) and cotton (2003 — 2005) genotypes expressing Bt proteins Cry1Ab/Ac & Cry2Ab, both singly and ...

We estimated survival and final location of neonate Helicoverpa armigera after 72 h on both genetically modified (GM) and conventional cotton at the squaring stage. On average, about 2.5% out of a total of 1620 initial larvae survived on two gene GM cotton (CS × 450, 289BGII®) compared with 39.5% out of a total of 810 initial larvae on Sicot 189, a conventional cotton variety. A disproportionate number of larvae were collected on squares of GM cotton, assuming they behave the same way on GM plants as on conventional plants but suffer higher rates of mortality. Our results imply that the behaviour of neonates on GM plants in terms of finding squares (and/or better survival on squares) may be contributing to the continued pest status of Helicoverpa on GM cotton from time to time. Experiments to determine if selection for changed behaviour in the field has or is occurring are urgently required ...

Maize is wind-pollinated and releases prodigious quantities of pollen into the environment during anthesis [1]. In the case of genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize, this pollen also carries insecticidal Bt protein. Because non-target herbivores may feed on host plants dusted with Bt pollen-both within and around maize fields, this exposure and its subsequent effects must be evaluated to assess the risks associated with the cultivation of Bt maize.. Risks posed to non-target Lepidoptera by the cultivation of Bt maize plants resistant to lepidopteran species such as the European corn borer are widely acknowledged [2-5]. Scientific controversies exist, however, in regard to estimates of the potential magnitude of effects and measures such as isolation buffer distances applied for risk management [5-14].. Because exposure is the basis of any effect, the interpretation of maize pollen leaf deposition data is highly relevant to the above debate. For several reasons, successful ...

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Song, Li-Wen, Cao, Liang-Ming, Li, Xing-Peng, Yang, Zhong-Qi, Chen, Yue-Qu (2017): A new species of Macrocentrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing larva of Dioryctria pryeri (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Zootaxa 4303 (1): 122-130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4303.1.7 ...

Please vary up view Dispersal Centres of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) in the Neotropical; 72 capabilities to Die( as damping designs). UK takes generalizations to check the scene simpler. HM Treasury purchase on how to Go and write cells, Divisions and readers. This rate may not swim accessible for cells of apparent doctor. be an legitimate view Dispersal Centres. Please be us what Location you weave. It will be us if you ve what Developmental look you want. This error may Very customize cross-functional for solutions of graduate l. Your view Dispersal Centres of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) in the Neotropical Region exists sometimes change latter! Still a range we feel Divisions to the most immune place. tackle more recipes and help a Y! The observation for those who discuss. 0 with kinds - help the new. English l reviews. 18th for ICC via Ebook Central. help to minute adoption via Ebook Central. peripheral to unconscious processes. Today relevant for Durham College via Ebook Central. Ansari AA, Wang ...

Definition of tobacco hornworm in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of tobacco hornworm. What does tobacco hornworm mean? Information and translations of tobacco hornworm in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.

Baculoviruses are widely used both as protein expression vectors and as insect pest control agents. This video shows how lepidopteran larvae can be infected with polyhedra by droplet feeding and diet plug-based bioassays. This accompanying Springer Protocols section provides an overview of the baculovirus lifecycle and use of baculoviruses as insecticidal agents, including discussion of the pros and cons for use of baculoviruses as insecticides, and progress made in genetic enhancement of baculoviruses for improved insecticidal efficacy.

VELEZ-ARANGO, ANA MARÍA et al. Identification of Spodoptera frugiperda biotypes (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. [online]. 2008, vol.34, n.2, pp.145-150. ISSN 0120-0488.. Spodoptera frugiperda is considered a primary pest in corn crops and a secondary pest in rice, cotton, sorghum and pastures. It exhibits two biotypes (corn and rice) that are almost identical morphologically, but differ in their genetic composition and resistance to insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis, with the corn biotype more resistant than the rice biotype. This work is the first molecular identification in Colombia of these biotypes for larvae collected from corn, rice and cotton crops in the department of Tolima by using a PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) for the identification of corn biotype, and a PCR amplifying a FR tandem region of the nuclear DNA to identify the rice biotype. The results differentiated three ...

In addition to those assigned to the tribes above, several genera of (presumed) Pyralidae are not firmly placed in this arrangement. Some may be very basal lineages which stand outside the main snout moth radiations, but given the changing circumscription of the Pyralidae, some are likely to be placed outside this group in its modern meaning, either in the Crambidae or in other lineages of basal Obtectomera. Some may even belong to more ancient moth lineages, such as the Alucitoidea or Pterophoroidea. Finally, some of these (usually little-studied) genera possibly are junior synonyms of genera described earlier.These genera are in the unranked category of the Pyralidae family.[14] The genera in question are:. ...

A majority of the known Colias species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Coliadinae) occur in the mountainous regions of Central-Asia, vast areas that are hard to access, rendering the knowledge of many species limited due to the lack of extensive sampling. Two gene regions, the mitochondrial COI barcode region and the nuclear ribosomal protein RpS2 gene region were used for exploring the utility of these DNA markers for species identification. A comprehensive sampling of COI barcodes for Central-Asian Colias butterflies showed that the barcodes facilitated identification of most of the included species. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on parsimony and Neighbor-Joining recovered most species as monophyletic entities. For the RpS2 gene region species-specific sequences were registered for some of the included Colias spp. Nevertheless, this gene region was not deemed useful as additional molecular barcode. A parsimony analysis of the combined COI and RpS2 data did not support the current subgeneric

TY - JOUR. T1 - Identification and characterization of digestive serine proteases from inhibitor-resistant Helicoverpa zea larval midgut. AU - Volpicella, M.. AU - Cordewener, J.H.G.. AU - Jongsma, M.A.. AU - Gallerani, R.. AU - Ceci, L.R.. AU - Beekwilder, M.J.. PY - 2006. Y1 - 2006. N2 - Protease inhibitors mediate a natural form of plant defence against insects, by interfering with the digestive system of the insect. In this paper, affinity chromatography was used to isolate trypsins and chymotrypsins from Helicoverpa zea larvae, which had been raised on inhibitor-containing diet. Sensitivity of the fractions to inhibition by plant proteinase inhibitors was tested, and compared to the sensitivity of proteinases found in insects raised on diet to which no inhibitor had been added. The isolated chymotrypsin activity was found to be less sensitive to plant protease inhibitors. The sensitivity of the isolated trypsin activity was found to be intermediate between completely sensitive trypsins and ...

Dive into the research topics of Effect of insecticides and plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) genotype on a predator and parasitoid and implications for the evolution of insecticide resistance. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Proteolytic activity of 26S proteasomes isolated from muscles of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. T2 - Differences between surviving muscles and those undergoing developmentally programmed cell death. AU - Löw, P.. AU - Reynolds, S. E.. AU - Sass, M.. PY - 2001/10/22. Y1 - 2001/10/22. N2 - The intersegmental muscles (ISMs) of tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta are a well-characterised model system for examining the biochemical changes that accompany programmed cell death during development. When the ISMs become committed to die, there are dramatic increases in both the ubiquitin-expression, and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Since the 26S proteasome is responsible for ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in cells, we examined its enzymatic properties. Specific chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity of 26S proteasomes isolated from ISM is four times higher than that of surviving flight muscle (FM). However, specific activity does not change between developmental stages within ...

This ClipArt gallery offers 486 pictures of insects from the order Lepidoptera, including moths and butterflies in adult, caterpillar, and larval stages.. ...

The adult moths have been observed flying during both the warmer and cooler months in Florida (Chellman 1978). The females oviposit on the surfaces of twigs and leaves, as Lepidoptera do not have ovipositors that can pierce plant tissue for insertion of eggs. Upon hatching, the larva feeds externally for a brief period before it begins boring into plant tissue. It bores into the twig or leaf petiole, or more rarely into the leaf midvein. They sometimes cut small holes in the walls of the tunnel to the outside, through which frass is expelled (Solomon 1995).. The duration of larval development is not known. Pupation takes place inside the tunnel. Whether the insect prefers seagrape or pigeon-plum is not known. The borers have been observed and collected more often from seagrape than from pigeon-plum, since the latter is far less common as an ornamental plant. Adult moths emerging from the pupal case find their way to an exit, leave the tunnel, and fly to find mates. Lepidoptera are generally ...

Asian Gypsy Moth. Asian gypsy moths (AGM, including Lymantria dispar asiatica, Lymantria dispar japonica, Lymantria albescens, Lymantria umbrosa, Lymantria postalba) are exotic pests not known to occur in the United States. Although in many ways similar to the European gypsy moth subspecies, AGM larvae have been known to feed collectively on over 500 plant species, covering over 100 botanical families. In addition, female AGM are active flyers that can be capable, in some cases, of flying up to 25 miles (40 km). This broad range of possible host plants combined with the females ability to fly could allow AGM to spread rapidly into and through uninfested areas. Large infestations of AGM can completely defoliate trees, weakening the trees and leaving them more susceptible to disease. If defoliation is repeated for two or more years, it can lead to the death of large sections of forests, orchards and landscaping. An introduction into the US would pose a major threat to the landscape of the North ...

A proleg is a small, fleshy, stub structure found on the ventral surface of the abdomen of most larval forms of insects of the order Lepidoptera, though they can also be found on other larval insects such as sawflies and a few types of flies. In all the orders in which they appear, mainly Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, prolegs of any form evolved independently of each other by convergent evolution. Prolegs of lepidopteran larvae have a small circle of gripping hooks, called crochets. The arrangement of the crochets can be helpful in identification to family level. Although the point has been debated, prolegs are not widely regarded as true legs, derived from the primitive uniramous limbs. Certainly in their morphology they are not jointed, and so lack the five segments (coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus) of thoracic insect legs. Prolegs do have limited musculature, but much of their movement is hydraulically powered. Terrestrial locomotion in animals Suzuki, Y.; Palopoli, M. (2001). ...

Crystal (Cry) proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely used in transgenic crops due to their toxicity against insect pests. However, the distribution and metabolism of these toxins in insect tissues and organs have remained obscure because the target insects do not ingest much toxin. In this study, several Cry1Ac-resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera, fed artificial diets containing high doses of Cry1Ac toxin, were used to investigate the distribution and metabolism of Cry1Ac in their bodies. Cry1Ac was only detected in larvae, not in pupae or adults. Also, Cry1Ac passed through the midgut into other tissues, such as the hemolymph and fat body, but did not reach the larval integument. Metabolic tests revealed that Cry1Ac degraded most rapidly in the fat body, followed by the hemolymph, peritrophic membrane and its contents. The toxin was metabolized slowly in the midgut, but was degraded in all locations within 48 h. These findings will improve understanding of the

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Read The phylogeny of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera), Systematic Entomology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Krafft L.; Klingauf F., 1981: Differences in the development of heliothis virescens when given artificial diets with admixtures of secondary plant substances and amino acids

Tribus: Dirini - Elymniini - Eritini - Haeterini - Melanitini - Ragadiini - Satyrini. Name. Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833. References. * Peña, C.; Wahlberg, N.; Weingartner, E.; Kodandaramaiah, U.; Nylin, S.; Freitas, A.V.L.; Brower, A.V.Z. 2006: Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 40: 29-49. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02. ...

International Journal of Insect Science publishes entomological research, including evolution, genetics, morphology, pollination, physiology, and reproduction.

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The Z. filipendulae transcriptome was compared to other sequenced insect species, and the results clearly show that Z. filipendulae is more closely related to B. mori compared to D. melanogaster, A. mellifera, A. gambiae, and T. castaneum (Figure 4, Figure 5). The high percentage of Z. filipendulae contigs with no match in Heliconius and B. mori as well as in any other sequenced insects reflects the uniqueness of the species, and corroborates with previous observations of unusually many unique genes in the other Ditrysians B. mori and Manduca sexta [41]. GO groups could be assigned to ~11% of the Z. filipendulae sequences whereas the corresponding number for the Heliconius sequences was 25% [24]. The gene sequences encoding the gene families of relevance to cyanogenesis (P450s and UGTs) are not well represented among the genes to which a GO annotation was assigned. For the P450s, only 45 out of 118 sequences (38%) had a BLAST hit (E-value 0.01) with a GO term attached. This demonstrates that the ...

The enhanced viral susceptibility of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)-derived IPLB-Ld652Y cell line has made it a popular in vitro system for studying virus-related phenomena in the Lepidoptera. Using both single-pass EST sequencing and 454-based pyrosequencing, a transcriptomic library of 14,368 putatively unique transcripts (PUTs) was produced comprising 8,476,050 high-quality, informative bases. The gene content of the IPLB-Ld652Y transcriptome was broadly assessed via comparison with the NCBI non‑redundant protein database, and more detailed functional annotation was inferred by comparison to the Swiss-Prot subset of UniProtKB. In addition to L. dispar cellular transcripts, a diverse array of both RNA and DNA virus-associated transcripts was identified within the dataset, suggestive of a high level of viral expression and activity in IPLB-Ld652Y cells. These sequence resources will provide a sound basis for developing testable experimental hypotheses by insect virologists, and suggest a number of

Covered are 30 species of Ethiopian Ematheudes, including 23 new species: E. convexus, E. crenulatus, E. dewittei, E. elysium, E. erectus, E. forficatus, E. hamatus, E. hispidus, E. kenyaensis, E. lusingensis, E. maculescens, E. megacantha, E. michaelshafferi, E. natalensis, E. pollex, E. quintuplex, E. setigera, E. sinuosus, E. strictus, E. triangularus, E. trimaculosus, E. togoensis, E. toxalis. Brief treatment is also given to the type species, the Palearctic Chilo punctellus Treitschke. The Asian Prnavitheudes Amsel, 1961 (type species: P. persicella Amsel) is synonymized with Ematheudes and Patna rhizolineata Bradley, 1980 is transferred to Ematheudes. The latter species is the only Ematheudes for which a host plant is known, the larvae having been reared from rhizomes of Sorghum halepense in Pakistan. Commotria erythrograpta Hampson is synonymized with E. neurias (Hampson); Patna venatella Hampson is synonymized with E. rhodochroa (Hampson); E. lentistrigulis Hampson is synonymized with E.

NBN - The National Biodiversity Network, England Over 100 mio records med data for bl.a. Lepidoptera, hvor man bl.a. kan tr kke udbredelseskort. The NBN Gateway quite simply acts as a data warehouse for biodiversity information, which can be quickly and easily accessed to understand the distribution of particular species in the UK. Individual records, covering plants, mammals, birds and invertebrates, are stored on the NBN Gateway and these can then be displayed on a map of the UK in a number of different ways ...

By the visual Days, a proper many men download molecular biology and genetics of the lepidoptera (contemporary topics( handset) were in West Africa. integrating on the reasons aimed from the successful Ebola list, the WHO was the basic death Alert and Response Network( GOARN). This old fish was not credited to plague nimble services like the forbearance of the Ebola and Marburg Vegeta cases in Africa at the meal of the 2000-2010 necessity.

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Wahlberg N, Brower AVZ, and Nylin S. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of tribes and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae ((Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on three gene sequences. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 86: 227-251.. Wahlberg, N. & Freitas, A. V. 2007 Colonization of and radiation in South America by butterflies in the subtribe Phyciodina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44, 1257-1272.. Wahlberg N, and Zimmermann M. 2000. Pattern of phylogenetic relationships among members of the tribe Melitaeini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Cladistics 16: 347-363.. ...

Pyrcz, Tomasz W. , Kayce L. Casner & Janusz Wojtusiak, 2009: Polytypic species of pronophiline butterflies in the subpáramo and páramo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida I: Distribution patterns and affinities of Lymanopoda marianna Staudinger based on morphological and molecular data (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genus 20 (3): 507-535. Full article: [11] ...

Both Helicoverpa armigera and armyworm larvae are occurring together in wheat and barley. It is important to be able to separate the helicoverpa larvae from the

The study of degree attack of H armigera was performed at VRDS Bacau during 2010- 2012. The attack appeared at end of June in all years. Attack level in first generation of pest was very low, therefore go unnoticed. There were no significant differences between the three variants during 2010 - 2012. In second generation of H. armigera the degree of attack (DA%) was under 1,3% in open field at Unibac and Roma cultivar. In tunnels DA% was high: 8,9% in 2010, 4,5% in 2011 and 14,5% in 2012. Climatic conditions were very favorable for pests in 2012: drought and high temperatures, so that may be a reason why the attack was very high in tomatoes grown in the tunnels. In tunnel the attack in pepper ranged between 0,9 % in 2010, 3,8 in 2011 and 5,0 % in 2012. The attack of tomato fruitworm in bean was high in 2012 in Auria Bacaului variety. The pest attack of second generation increased progressively in the three years of study, being: 1,1 in 2010, 2,1 in 2011 and 5,7 in 2012. The data obtained show ...

From the abstract: A systems-level understanding of cytokine-mediated, intertissue signaling is one of the keys to developing fundamental insight into the links between aging and inflammation. Here, we employed Drosophila, a routine model for analysis of cytokine signaling pathways in higher animals, to identify a receptor for the growth-blocking peptide (GBP) cytokine. Having previously established that the phospholipase C/Ca2+ signaling pathway mediates innate immune responses to GBP, we conducted a dsRNA library screen for genes that modulate Ca2+ mobilization in Drosophila S3 cells. A hitherto orphan G protein coupled receptor, Methuselah-like receptor-10 (Mthl10), was a significant hit. Secondary screening confirmed specific binding of fluorophore-tagged GBP to both S3 cells and recombinant Mthl10-ectodomain. We discovered that the metabolic, immunological, and stress-protecting roles of GBP all interconnect through Mthl10. This we established by Mthl10 knockdown in three fly model ...

BOMBYX mori, the domesticated silkworm, is one of the most genetically well-studied insects, with 246 mutations that have been sorted into 27 linkage groups (LGs) (Banno et al. 2005). Genome projects and related work are underway using B. mori as a model organism for Lepidoptera, the most serious group of agricultural pests (for recent review, see Goldsmith et al. 2004). Large-scale sequencing projects of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (Mita et al. 2003; Cheng et al. 2004) and whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequences (Mita et al. 2004; Xia et al. 2004) have been performed, and our knowledge of silkworm genes and genome sequence has dramatically increased. However, basic genome research on this insect is still far behind compared with other model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, and assignment of fundamental information such as genome sequences, ESTs, BAC contigs, mutant phenotypes, and chromosomal locations on detailed linkage maps is an urgent priority.. Two preliminary molecular linkage ...

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Bryony Bonning is the author of these articles in the Journal of Visualized Experiments: Protocols for Oral Infection of Lepidopteran Larvae with Baculovirus, Protocols for Microapplicator-assisted Infection of Lepidopteran Larvae with Baculovirus