Background Malaria is an important cause of illness and death in people living in many parts of the world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) reduce malaria transmission by targeting the adult mosquito vector and are key components of malaria control programmes. However, mosquito numbers may also be reduced by larval source management (LSM), which targets mosquito larvae as they mature in aquatic habitats. This is conducted by permanently or temporarily reducing the availability of larval habitats (habitat modification and habitat manipulation), or by adding substances to standing water that either kill or inhibit the development of larvae (larviciding). Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of mosquito LSM for preventing malaria. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; EMBASE; CABS Abstracts; and ...
To identify genes differentially expressed in the fatbody of Drosphila melanogaster bigmax mutants, a loss-of-function allele was generated by P-element mobilization. Mutant and wildtype first instar larvae were raised on two different sources of food, control and high-sugar media. When the animals reached the wandering third instar stage, animals were sacrificed and their fat bodies dissected. Total RNA was extracted, labeled fluorescently and hybridized competitively to Agilents 4x44K Drosophila Gene Expression Microarrays. On each array, three different samples were analyzed: 1. wildtype animals raised on control food, 2. wildtype animals raised on high-sugar food and 3. bigmax mutant animals raised on high-sugar food.
In this study, the nutritional indices of the larval stages of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were determined on 10 canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes (Talaye, Opera, Licord, Modena, SLM046, Hayula420, Zarfam, Okapi, RGS003 and Sarigol) at 25±1˚C, 60±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) hours. The third instar larvae reared on Talaye showed the highest value of Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested food ECI and Efficiency of Conversion of Digested food ECD (7.005±0.632 and 8.972±1.862, respectively). However, the lowest value of ECI and ECD was on Licord (0.503±0.017 and 2.507±0.449, respectively). The highest (0.778±0.091) and lowest (0.594±0.059) Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of the fourth instar larvae were obtained on SLM046 and Sarigol, respectively. Results indicated that the highest values of ECI and ECD for fourth instar larvae were on Talaye (6.300±0.585 and 8.880±1.954, respectively). The lowest value of the Relative Consumption Rate (RCR) and Approximate Digestibility (AD) of the
The expression pattern of B. mori nm-g and D. melanogaster sro. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of the nm-g transcript in several tissues from the fifth instar larvae 2 days after the onset of spinning (V spin 2), when the ecdysteroid titer increases (see B). CC-CA, corpus allatum-corpus cardiacum complex; PG, prothoracic gland; BR, brain; FB, fat body; MG, midgut; EP, epidermis; MU, muscle; MT, Malpighian tubules; SIG, silk gland; SAG, salivary gland; TS, testis; OV, ovary. (B) The temporal expression profile of nm-g in the PG during the fourth larval (IV), fifth larval (V) and pupal stages. Stage of B. mori is defined as hours after ecdysis and hours after head capsule slippage (HCS) for the fourth instar larvae, and days after ecdysis, days after spinning (Spin) and the HCS stage for the fifth instar larvae. Under our experimental conditions, the HCSs in the fourth and fifth instar larvae occurred at IV 84 hours and V Spin day 3, respectively. V Spin day 0.5 larvae displayed gut purge. The red line is a ...
The present experiments were carried out at the plant protection researchstation, Kaha, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt to study the efficiency of the bioagentBacillus thuringensis var. Kurstaki against the 2nd instar larvae of the lesser cottonleafworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hb). Results revealed that the 2nd instar larvae weremore susceptible to B. thuringiensis towards 4th instar larvae. Accumulative mortalitypercentage of the 2nd instar larvae of S. exigua treated with the differentconcentrations of B. thuringeinsis kurstaki, increased gradually with increasing thetime elapsed after treatment. There was a stronger larvicidal effect on the 2nd instarlarvae giving 2.889x106 and 6.267x1013spore/ml for LC50 and LC90 respectively. Themean larval duration for both LC50 and LC90 of B. thuringeinsis var. kurstaki waselongated compared to the control treatment. Pupal duration was insignificantlyaffected when 2nd instar larvae of S. exigua were pretreated with LC50 and LC90 of B.thuringeinsis kurstaki. The percentage
The Role of Maternal Nutrition on Oocyte Size and Quality, with Respect to Early Larval Development in The Coral-Eating Starfish, Acanthaster planci. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
There are four larval instar stages of the CSPW and each stage is white and grub-like in appearance ranging up to 5-6mm in length (refer to lower left photo). The first instar larva feeds on the cuticle on the outside of the pod while the second instar larva bores into the pod, feeding on the developing seeds. A single larva consumes about 5 canola seeds. The mature larva chews a small, circular exit hole from which it drops to the soil surface and pupation takes place in the soil within an earthen cell. Approximately 10 days later, the new adult emerges to feed on maturing canola pods. Later in the season these new adults migrate to overwintering sites beyond the field. ...
There are four larval instar stages of the CSPW and each stage is white and grub-like in appearance ranging up to 5-6mm in length (refer to lower left photo). The first instar larva feeds on the cuticle on the outside of the pod while the second instar larva bores into the pod, feeding on the developing seeds. A single larva consumes about 5 canola seeds. The mature larva chews a small, circular exit hole from which it drops to the soil surface and pupation takes place in the soil within an earthen cell. Approximately 10 days later, the new adult emerges to feed on maturing canola pods. Later in the season these new adults migrate to overwintering sites beyond the field. ...
Two strains homozygous for Snfor, SnForGly/Gly and SnForSer/Ser, were each initiated from 15 homozygote founder couples taken from the laboratory-reared polymorphic population and genotyped after reproduction. For the whole-body analysis, 30 fourth-instar larvae per strain were tested. For the brain analysis, 64 fourth-instar larvae per strain were tested. In this condition, the brains (deutocerebrum) were pooled in groups of eight (i.e. eight replicates for each population). The live larvae were retrieved from the artificial diet at the fourth-instar stadium, a stage usually reached during behavioural testing protocol, and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C until RNA extraction.. Total RNA was extracted from whole larvae using TRI Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich). The brains were dissected in the RA1 buffer and total RNA was extracted using the NucleoSpin RNA XS kit (Macherey Nagel). In both conditions, a DNase treatment (DNase I recombinant, Roche) was also performed. The ...
The mechanisms of cold tolerance in insects which are exposed to suboptimal temperatures for survival include accumulation of cryoprotectants and expression of heat shock protein genes (hsps). Spodoptera exigua is a freeze avoidance insect, which can overwinter as third instar larvae in China. Our previous study illustrated that seasonal and diel fluctuating temperatures enhanced its cold hardening. The survival mechanism for this stage, however, is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the survival mechanisms in third instar larvae of S. exigua were correlated with the induction of cryoprotectants and/or expression of hsps. Results showed that trehalose as the main cryoprotectant was accumulated during the cold acclimation (CA), and the level of accumulation fell off sharply when the CA treatment was discontinued (discontinued cold acclimation, DCA). Furthermore, inducible hsp90 was down-regulated in all treatments compared with the control, and hsp70 was up-regulated under conditions of CA and RCH
The purpose of the meeting was to discuss Anopheles spp., their role as malaria vectors, and their distribution in various eco-epidemiological zones of the WHO European Region. Also discussed were the susceptibility of ...
Based on museum-held and field-collected specimens new data are presented regarding the distribution, adult phenology and first-instar larva of the uncommon green lacewing Abachrysa eureka. It was found that this species is broadly distributed across the southeastern United States, from Texas to the east coast south to Florida and north to South Carolina. There are multiple short duration emergence periods which vary with latitude. This species appears to be a typical chrysopid in various biological aspects, such as the occurrence of a stalked egg and placement of debris on the backs of larva ...
This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Fikáček, Martin, Minoshima, Yûsuke N., Jäch, Manfred A. (2018): Larval morphology of Yateberosus, a New Caledonian endemic subgenus of Laccobius (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with notes on Berosus - like larvae in Hydrophiloidea. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1): 195-206, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0017 ...
Mosquito larvae feeding. Light microscope footage of mosquito larvae (family Culicidae) feeding near the surface of water. Mosquito larvae are aquatic and breathe through spiracles located on their abdomen, or like these larvae, through a siphon (breathing tube) on the end of the abdomen. They feed by wafting algae and other detritus suspended in the water into their mouths, using the beating hairs of their mouth brushes to create a current. On the upper right of the frame the anal gills of one larva can be seen. These structures are found on the anal segment at the end of the abdomen, and arise from a thin membrane around the anus. They are thought to be involved in osmoregulation, the maintenance of correct concentration of fluids and electrolytes. - Stock Video Clip K005/4026
When cultures of C. elegans become crowded and exhaust their food supply, dauer formation results (Cassada and Russell, 1975). Wild-type larvae typically do not enter dauer at temperatures at or below 25 °C when there is any food on the plate, even a small amount, unless high concentrations of pheromone are added by one of the methods discussed in Section 3.2 and Section 3.3. Immediately after exhausting the food supply, most of the larvae will enter L1 arrest/L1 diapause (Johnson et al., 1984). Some will remain arrested and others will continue on to the dauer stage. Thus, the first dauer larvae do not appear until at least a few days after exhaustion of the food supply. By contrast, very old plates contain relatively fewer dauer larvae. Dauer larva survival decreases with time, whereas the propensity to recover from dauer increases (Klass and Hirsh, 1976; Golden and Riddle, 1984b). In wild-type cultures, there is always a mix of stages observed on the plates. The percentage of dauer larvae ...
About a year ago, FlySorter took on a consulting project for the Klein Lab at the University of Miami, in Florida. Mason Klein uses Drosophila larvae to study biophysics and neuroscience, often with the same simple setup: a sheet of agar gel and a camera.. The Klein Lab records videos of freely wandering larvae on a bed of black agar and then analyzes their behavior. The duration of the videos is limited by the size of the agar gel - when the larvae reach the edge of the sheet, their behavior is impacted (or they either crawl off altogether) - and for 3rd instar larvae on a 10″ square sheet, it can be as quick as 10 or 15 minutes. We came up with the idea of using a robotic gantry and custom-designed nozzle to pick up larvae that had gotten close to the edge, replacing them near the center of the gel and thereby extending the experiments.. To cut to the chase: FlySorter successfully built a robotic system to relocate larvae on the agar bed for a total budget under $15k (for both time and ...
GLOBE Mosquito Larvae Protocol is a project for students, that may expand to adults and other volunteers, to learn how to identify mosquito larvae in their community or at a study site. Students will collect, sort, identify, and count the number of mosquito larvae they find in a sample of water. They can learn how to use a variety of sampling strategies depending on the types of mosquito larval habitats found in their particular study area. Through sampling, student volunteers can learn to identify mosquito larvae to either the genus or species level. By performing this kind of citizen science, young people can begin to understand the importance of representative sampling in scientific procedures, along with the relationship between species, climate, and mosquito-borne diseases. By collaborating with GLOBE through school, students can report their data online and share their observations and findings with real scientists ...
TIF-IA is required for cell and organismal growth. (A) Levels of TIF-IA mRNA and pre-rRNA were measured by quantitative RT-PCR, using RNA isolated from either wild-type or Tif-IA−/− mutant larvae. Data were corrected for levels of GPDH mRNA. Data are mean (± SEM) fold changes compared with wild type (n = 6). (B) Tif-IA−/− mutant larvae are growth arrested. Images of Tif-IA heterozygote (+/−) and Tif-IA homozygous mutant larvae (−/−) at different stages (48-120 h) of larval development are shown. (C) Loss of p53 has no effect on the growth arrest phenotype seen in TIF-IA mutant larvae. Images of TIF-IA+/−; p53−/− (top) or Tif-IA+/−; p53−/− (bottom) larvae at 120 h of development are shown. (D) The hsFlp-GAL4 system was used to generate mosaic expression of GFP-marked cells overexpressing TIF-IA (arrowheads) in the larval fat body of Tif-IA−/− mutant animals (red, phalloidin; blue, DAPI). Bar, 25 μm. (E) The hsFlp-GAL4 system was used to generate mosaic expression ...
ABDO-DE LA PARRA, Ma. Isabel et al. Effects of temperature and salinity on the egg incubation of bullseye puffer fish Sphoeroides annulatus. Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr. [online]. 2012, vol.47, n.1, pp.147-153. ISSN 0718-1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572012000100014.. The effects of different water temperatures (22, 25, 28 and 31ºC) and salinities between 0 and 60 psu (with intervals of 5 psu) on egg incubation of the bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) were evaluated in this study. The embryos could not develop at 22ºC and the highest hatching rate for normal larvae was observed at 28ºC. At 0, 50, 55 and 60 psu larvae were unable to develop. Highest hatching rates were obtained at 25, 30 and 35 psu. It was concluded that water temperature and salinity affects the incubation period, embryo development stage and larval survival of the bullseye puffer.. Palavras-chave : Embryo development; period incubation; hatch; deformed larvae. ...
J Suslak , T , Watson , S , Thompson , K J , Shenton , F C , Bewick , G S , Armstrong , J D & Jarman , A P 2015 , Piezo is essential for amiloride-sensitive stretch-activated mechanotransduction in larval Drosophila dorsal bipolar dendritic sensory neurons , PloS ONE , vol. 10 , no. 7 , 0130969 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. ...
Fig. 1. Orcein staining of polytene chromosomes from third instar larvae. (A) Detail of the chromocentre (arrow) from HA:FL4D larvae after daily heat-shocks (hs) or without heat-shocks. (B) Polytene chromosomes from males and females containing a heat-inducible Su(var)3-7 transgene. Homozygous HA:FL4D males and females kept at 18°C (no hs) or submitted to daily heat-shock at 35°C from the second larval instar stage (hs) or three daily heat-shocks from the first instar larval stage (hs+). Arrows indicate the X chromosome.. ...
Abstract 【Aim】 This study aims to clone a C-type lectin gene from Plutella xylostella, to investigate its expression patterns and to elucidate its agglutination on bacteria. 【Methods】 Based on the bioinformatical analysis of genome and transcriptome database of P. xylostella, the full-length cDNA of a C-type lectin gene was cloned from P. xylostella by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. Prokaryotic expression plasmid was constructed and the fusion protein was expressed in E.coli BL21. The polyclonal antibody with high serum titer was prepared using the purified fusion protein to immunize New Zealand white rabbit. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to analyze the expression profiles of this gene in different tissues (hemocyte, cuticle, fat body, midgut and Malpighiam tubules) of the day-1 4th instar larvae and different developmental stages (egg, 1st-4th instar larva, prepupa, pupa, and adult) of P. xylostella. RT-qPCR and Western blot were ...
Visualization of larval feeding is challenging because of size, time scale and rarity of feeding events at the early larval stages. However, visualization is essential for measuring the rate of feeding attempts and failed attempts. Here, we present a novel method that can be used to automatically identify and classify prey acquisition strikes in larval fishes, facilitating the acquisition of large datasets from swift, sparse events. This method can be used to facilitate the assessment of feeding rates and success, and to determine the fate of food particles during the feeding cycle. Following automatic identification, detailed kinematic analysis of prey acquisition strikes can be carried out. For example, the spatial resolution and frame rate reported here enable (manual) frame-by-frame digitization of landmarks on the fishs body to extract larval swimming speed during foraging and during prey acquisition strikes, determination of mouth size during prey acquisition strikes, and the distance ...
Avoiding temperatures outside the physiological range is critical for animal survival, but how temperature dynamics are transformed into behavioral output is largely not understood. Here, we used an infrared laser to challenge freely swimming larval zebrafish with white-noise heat stimuli and built quantitative models relating external sensory information and internal state to behavioral output. These models revealed that larval zebrafish integrate temperature information over a time-window of 400 ms preceding a swimbout and that swimming is suppressed right after the end of a bout. Our results suggest that larval zebrafish compute both an integral and a derivative across heat in time to guide their next movement. Our models put important constraints on the type of computations that occur in the nervous system and reveal principles of how somatosensory temperature information is processed to guide behavioral decisions such as sensitivity to both absolute levels and changes in stimulation ...
In the highly variable environment of the Baltic Sea two genetically distinct cod stocks exist, one west of the island of Bornholm, which is referred to as the western stock, and one to the east of Bornholm, the eastern stock. A hydrodynamic model combined with a Lagrangian particle tracking technique was utilised to provide spatially and temporally resolved long-term information on environmentally-related (i) spawning habitat size, (ii) egg/yolk-sac larval survival, (iii) separation of causes of mortality, and (iv) connectivity between spawning areas of eastern Baltic cod. Simulations were performed to quantify processes generating heterogeneity in spatial distribution of cod eggs and yolk sac larvae up to the first feeding stage. The spatial extent of cod eggs represented as virtual drifters is primarily determined by oxygen and salinity conditions at spawning, which define the habitat requirement to which cods physiology is suited for egg development. The highest habitat suitability occurred ...
NIWA were engaged by the Auckland Regional Council, Environment Waikato and the Western Firth Mussel Consortium to make quantitative predictions of the degree to which large-scale mussel farming in the western Firth would influence snapper egg / larval survival and plankton abundance and spatial distribution.. Three separate simulation models were used, and three distinct farm scenarios modelled (no farms (NF), existing farms (0), and existing farms plus a maximal modelled western Firth Aquaculture Management Area (AMA) (1)). For each farm scenario simulations were made under six distinct hydrodynamic conditions.. The simulations indicated that under the existing farm scenario, the Firth-wide numbers of snapper larvae surviving to age 8 days post-spawn may be reduced by 2-6 percent relative to the NF scenario, and by 2.5-15 percent under scenario 1.. Two biological models were used to examine the influence of mussel farming upon phytoplankton and zooplankton, a logistic and a biophysical ...
The differences in the development time resulted in overall delays of the molting time, from two days at the 1st larval stage (Figure 1: L1) to more than four days in the 3rd and 4th stages (Figure 1: L3, L4). The graphs show that for the first two developmental stages (Figure 1: L1, L2) the larvae treated with the antibiotic follow a developmental curve similar to that of the control larvae (and of those supplemented with Ar in addition to the antibiotic), with the curve that is only shifted in time. For the latter developmental stages (Figure 1: L3, L4) the larvae treated with rifampicin showed very different curve shape. The appearance of the first larvae at these 3rd and 4th stages is also delayed in the group (A). In addition, we can also observe that in these stages (Figure 1: L3, L4) the larvae that are subjected only to the antibiotic treatment have a less synchronous appearance. This asynchronous development is not observed in treated larvae from previous stages (Figure 1: L1, L2). The ...
Helicoverpa populations have started with a bang this season. One or more larvae per plant are common in pre-flowering sorghum, corn and cotton. However, early
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Embryology of the ectoproctConopeum tenuissimum was followed from egg extrusion to three days and colony development from settlement to about seven days (20 generations of zooids). The cyphonautes lar
Plastic pollution is a key theme of this years World Oceans Day, and a worrying new study finds fish larvae can actually turn to eating microplastics instead of natural sources.
More than seventy percent of the earths surface is covered by ocean - the home to a staggering and sometimes overwhelming diversity of organisms, a majority of which reside in pelagic form. Marine invertebrate larvae are an integral part of this pelagic diversity and have stimulated the curiosity of researchers for centuries.
Mosquito larvae feeding. Light microscope footage of mosquito larvae (family Culicidae) feeding near the surface of water. Mosquito larvae are aquatic and breathe through spiracles located on their abdomen, or like these larvae, through a siphon (breathing tube) on the end of the abdomen. They feed by wafting algae and other detritus suspended in the water into their mouths, using the beating hairs of their mouth brushes to create a current. - Stock Video Clip K005/4009
Hello, I wonder if anyone can lend some insight into our recent problem. We are having a problem with crosses and stocks, at a rate of 1-10%, characterized by many dead/black third instar larvae stretched out on the top of the food, lots of live second instar larvae just above the food on the vial walls, and only a few pupae on the walls. There also seems to be lots of detritus on the vial walls above the food. The food appears to be worked. Anti-anti (Gibcos antifungal and antibiotic) does not seem to help. It seems that the problem is prevalent in weaker stocks or those with fewer flies. The bulk of the stocks appear to be vigorous as ever. This problem spans numerous batches of food made, lasting almost a month now. As for changes in the food making, we are using the same cook, equipment, recipe, agar, tegosept, and propionic acid. Due to high volume it is possible the batches of cormneal, sugar, ethanol and yeast have changed. Has anyone encountered viral infections in fly stocks? Please ...
The switch from feeding to nonfeeding larvae is an ecologically important transformation that has evolved on several separate occasions within the echinoids. In each case, this life history transformation has been accompanied by extensive changes in larval morphology. A phylogenetic approach is used here to reconstruct these morphological changes, to begin asking why they have taken the particular forms observed, and to assess the degree of parallel transformation in separate cases. Both traditional character mapping and a less usual aggregate analysis indicate massively parallel transformations in larval morphology associated with, and only with, this particular life history transformation. Some of these parallel morphological transformations may be due to relaxed functional constraints associated with the ancestral life history mode, but many are probably the result of new functional constraints associated with the derived mode. The comparative data suggest a simple and testable model for the ...
Phillips, C.B.; Emberson, R.M. 1999: Morphological discrimination between first instar larvae of four euphorine parasitoids. BioControl, 44(2): 159-169. doi: 10.1023/A:1009929427588 ...
Planktonic eggs coUoplcd from P^k.Bsy ,ancl Gulf of Mannar and identified circiunstantially as of Valamugil seheli (Forsskal) were reared in the laboratory up to the 72-h postlarvae. The eggs ranged in diameter from 0.621 mm to 1.09 mm and were with single, pigmented oilglobules ranging in diameter from 0.212 mm to 0.273 mm. The periviteUine space was narrow. The yolk, being neither sagmented nor vacuolated, was clear. Newly hatched larvae measured 2.179mm. They had black pigment spots on the dorsal side of the body, with a few localised, yellowish networks of xanthophores. In the 24-h larva, most of the black pigment spots had migrated to the ventral side of the body. The 48-h-old larva had its mouth formed, eyes pigmented, yolk utilized and pectoral fins developed, and so was in the early postlarval stage. In the 72-h larva there was iiicrease in pigmentation along both dorsal and ventral aspects of body. In this postlarval phase the number of myomeres had stabilized at 25, corresponding to ...
Larvae: Seen mostly in July and August. When young, larvae have a tawny appearance. They group together to build a large silk nest around a branch and eat the leaves from inside this nest. When mature, larvae may have either a red or black head, grey in colour, and covered with thick yellow-orange hairs on its back. Larvae can grow up to 35 millimetres long ...
Detailed information on immature stages of Mutillidae is being acquired. However, Clausen (1940) noted that very little information was available regarding the form or habits of immature stages of this family. The egg of Mutilla sp (Williams 1919b) has been described as elongated and curved, with the chorion minutely granulated. It is placed transversely upon the dorsum of a Tiphia larva, between the 1st and 2nd thoracic segments. The point of larval feeding is ventral. Ferton stated that the egg of Stenomutilla argentata var. saundersivora Fer. is attached to the inner wall of the host cocoon. The early larval instars by 1940 had not been described for any species. The mature larva of M. glossinae has 11 pairs of spiracles, located on the 2nd and 3rd thoracic and the first 9 abdominal segments. The mandibles are 4-dentate, while those of M. lunata and M. attenuata are believed to be tridentate. The mature larvae of all species spin a cocoon within the cell, cocoon, or puparium of the host, ...
FIGURE 9. Analysis of progenitor cells at larval stages (Sox2, DCX, BLBP, PCNA, PH3). Micrographs of transverse sections through the pallium of Xenopus laevis at larval stages 46 (A-E,M) and 54 (F-L,N-R) showing the distribution of the progenitors markers Sox2 (A,C,F,H,I,J,L,N), the neuroblasts marker DCX (B,C,E,G-I,Q) and the progenitors markers Lhx2 (M,N,Q) and BLBP (O,P), and their combinations with the mitotic marker PCNA (L,O,P) and PH3 (M). In addition, the codistribution of DCX and calretinin is shown (Q). In each panel the developmental stage and the color code for the used markers are indicated. (A-E,O,P) Are confocal images, and the higher magnifications (O′,P′,R′) correspond to the framed areas, as indicated (white boxes in O,P,R). At stage 46 Sox2/DCX double labeled cells were observed in the ventricular zone and away from it (arrowheads in A-C), and DCX labeled mitotic cells away from the ventricle were observed (arrowheads in E). At stage 54 Sox2 is expressed in the ...
Its a bit wet out this morning, so I did not get a chance to spend as much time out back as in previous days. Todays count is four, yesterdays was 12. Ive been watching some videos of Monarch caterpillars molting at You Tube and also some time reading a bit about the different instars. I think the caterpillars in the photo attached are second instar. Im no expert, and it is wet out there, but I think the one on the left may have just molted. Their antennae are definitely longer today than yesterday when they were just little horns. Waste not, want not, Ive read that they eat their old skin. Ill check a little later on to see if that bit of junk just below the caterpillar on the left is gone ...
EPA is soliciting proposals pursuant to Section 319 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) from eligible tribes and intertribal consortia to develop and/or implement watershed-based plans and on-the-ground projects that will result in significant steps towards solving Nonpoint Source (NPS) impairments on a watershed-wide basis. Eligible entities are strongly encouraged to submit proposals that develop and/or implement watershed-based plans designed to protect unimpaired waters and restore NPS-impaired waters. is a goverment program.
For a few years now, Linux has been using BitKeeper - http://www.bitkeeper.com/- to manage the kernel source. Its never been easy - on the Linux side people werent happy to be using a closed source product; on the BK side the person in charge was appallingly unstable. And so various people started writing their own source management tools, or reverse engineerking BK. It turns out that OSDL (the people who run /. and Freshmeat and various other sites) were paying a programmer who was also working on reverse engineering BK. This probably violates the BK licence, and BK decided to pull out of the deal. The fullstory is here - http://kerneltrap.org/node/4966 And it seems that Linus is now writing his own source management code - http://lwn.net/Articles/131313/ This has been on /. - http://linux.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/09/2136247&tid=106 http://developers.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/06/140202&tid=163&tid=8&tid=106 - but I found it via Hack the Planet - ...
Larvae can be found glowing both in wet soil and while on the bark or leaves of trees (though these arboreal larvae are mainly found in tropical regions where moisture levels above the ground is high.) Even though species in this family are not well studied, the males and females appear to be the most active at night. When males are collected, they are generally collected at lights and light traps in the evening. Even though females appear to hide in their burrows during the day, females can often be detected on the surface of the ground by their glowing, immediately following a summer rain. Even though the females are bioluminescent, the females light emission does not appear to be the cue that the males use to locate their mates. Females are located by males following the females pheromone. Current evidence suggests that females are advertising their unpalatability by using their glowing as a warning signal to nocturnal predators (Viviani and Bechara 1997). Females also often glow continuously ...
The larvae will feed mainly on low-fibrous waste (overripe fruit, vegetables, some leaves such as cabbage, etc.), so it is not necessary to put green waste (leaves, branches, grass). Similarly, thick fruit skins (banana, orange, lemon...) or pits will not be completely degraded. However, they will scrape off all the food available and it may be interesting to put them on, it will just not reduce the volume of waste. It is also possible to give them animal or human faeces (droppings, dry toilets...). As larvae naturally destroy bacteria such as salmonella [1], it seems possible to feed them to animals without risk of transmission. The optimal substrate conditions for larvae can be summarized as follows: - Depth: About ten centimeters. If there is more, the larvae will bury deeper and may not emerge. If there are fewer of them, they wont be able to bury themselves properly. Nutrients: Protein-rich substrates and readily available hydrocarbons ensure good larval growth. - Food aspect : The larvae ...
When natural larval habitats of An. gambiae s.l. dry up, their contribution towards the population dynamics of the adult stage is often neglected, since mass larval mortality is assumed to occur [9]. We found that eggs of An. gambiae s.s. hatched and that emerging larvae showed limited capability of reaching a nearby breeding site, when placed on damp soil. With this experiment we simulated a natural situation whereby eggs remain on damp soil when the water level drops or eggs are oviposited deliberately on damp soil after desiccation of the habitat [8, 10]. In addition, we found that larvae of An. gambiae s.s. survive for several days in sites that are drying up, depending on the larval stage.. Larvae that hatch from eggs on damp soil were able to reach a breeding site within a distance of 10 cm, albeit in low numbers. We induced hatching of the eggs by keeping the soil of our experimental sites damp by daily spraying of water, but during spraying we made sure that no water ran off or that a ...
Staphylococcus aureus is a human opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of superficial and systemic infections in susceptible patients. Here we describe how an inoculum of S. aureus activates the cellular and humoral response of Galleria mellonella larvae while growing and disseminating throughout the host, forming nodules and ultimately killing the host. An inoculum of S. aureus (2×106 larva− 1 ) decreased larval viability at 24 (80±5.77 %), 48 (55.93±5.55 %) and 72 h (10.23±2.97 %) and was accompanied by significant proliferation and dissemination of S. aureus between 6 and 48 h and the formation of nodules in the host. The hemocyte (immune cell) densities increased between 4 and 24 h and hemocytes isolated from larvae after 24 h exposure to heat-killed S. aureus (2×106 larva− 1 ) showed altered killing kinetics as compared to those from control larvae. Alterations in the humoral immune response of larvae 6 and 24 h post-infection were also determined by quantitative shotgun
Variation in local environmental conditions can have pronounced effects on the population structure and dynamics of marine organisms. Previous studies on crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, have primarily focused on effects of water quality and nutrient availability on larval growth and survival, while the role of maternal nutrition on reproduction and larval development has been overlooked. To examine the effects of maternal nutrition on oocyte size and early larval development in A. planci, we pre-conditioned females for 60 days on alternative diets of preferred coral prey (Acropora abrotanoides) versus non-preferred coral prey (Porites rus) and compared resulting gametes and progeny to those produced by females that were starved over the same period. Females fed ad libitum with Acropora increased in weight, produced heavier gonads and produced larger oocytes compared to Porites-fed and starved females. Fed starfish (regardless of whether it was Acropora or Porites) produced bigger ...
The susceptibility of field collected Aedes aegypti larvae was evaluated in terms of median lethal time (LT50) and final mortality, when treated with temephos, Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis as well as mixtures of these two agents. Third instar larvae were shown to be more susceptible than early and late fourth instar ones to the entomopathogen. Survival of some individuals when exposed to temephos suggest possible resistance. Temporal synergism in early fourth instar larvae was detected when they were exposed to mixtures of Bti-temephos. The possibility of this integrated treatment is commented on ...
Where Do Carpet Beetles Larvae Live.Carpet Beetle Larvae From Iran Not Causing Bites Whats . Problems Carpet Beetles Cause In Your Hartford Home. Carpet Beetle Larvae Insect ID. Best Gallery Images for Your Reference and Informations
BioAssay record AID 1082680 submitted by ChEMBL: Insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) third-instar larvae measured 24 hr post dose by leaf disk dipping assay.
Abstract: Currently, there are significant gaps in understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in nociceptor sensitivity. Dysregulated nociceptor sensitivity is the likely pathogenesis in many types of chronic pain, a disease that ails over 100 million people in the United States alone. To improve current chronic pain therapies, it is essential to define the regulatory mechanisms responsible for nociception. The goal of this study was to characterize how genes classically involved in RNA processing and translation regulate nociceptor sensitivity. The model organism Drosophila melanogaster was used for this study because of their quantifiable response to noxious stimuli and the powerful tools available for genetic manipulations. My results suggest that eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and components of the exon junction complex (EJC) control nociceptor sensitivity by regulating RNA processing and translation, suggesting a major role for RNA metabolism and translation in controlling ...
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We are ready to research the Bornean Firefly Larva, though we cannot discount that it might be a Netwing Beetle Larvae. Eric Eaton says the way to tell the difference it to introduce a snail. If the beetle larva eats the snail, it is a Firefly Larva. If it prefers fungus, it is a Netwing Beetle Larva. We imagine that there may also be snail and fungus specificity in the preferences. Here is an example from The Flying Kiwi of a Larviform female Netwing Beetle from Viet Nam, and here is another example of a Netwing Beetle and The Flying Kiwis, AKA Richard Seamans, written account: I didnt notice that this one in Malaysia was glowing, but it turns out that both this and the Vietnamese firefly arent fireflies at all, theyre actually the larvae of net-winged beetles in the genus Duliticola, otherwise known as trilobite larvae because of their prehistoric shape; the one you see here is Duliticola hoiseni. The drops of liquid on this ones back look like they are some toxic substance exuded ...
Observation - Unidentified Beetle larvae found in compost heap - UK and Ireland. Description: These beetle larvae were found in a compost heap as part of a national compost heap survey conducted from the University of Plymouth Need the ID for this beetle larvae please
Fire-Colored Beetle Larva वीडियो देखें! फ्री में Fire-Colored Beetle Larva वीडियो देखने के लिए अभी क्लिक करें! Fire-Colored Beetle Larva से संबंधित सर्वश्रेष्ठ वीडियो के चयन का आनंद लें।
Despite the increasing interest in insect-based bioactive products, the biological activities of these products are rarely studied adequately. Larvae of Tenebrio molitor, the yellow mealworm, have been eaten as a traditional food and provide many health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesized that T. molitor larvae might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders. In the present study, we investigated the anti-adipogenic and antiobesity effects of T. molitor larvae in vitro and in vivo. The lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in mature adipocytes was reduced significantly (up to 90%) upon exposure to an ethanol extract of T. molitor larvae, without a reduction in cell viability. Exposure also resulted in key adipogenic and lipogenic transcription factors. Additionally, in adipogenic differentiation medium the extract induced phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Daily oral administration of T. molitor larvae powder
Perturbation of energy metabolism via NAD supplementation modifies the expression of larval development time, a genetically based trait relevant to development and whole-organism fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. The results suggest a link between energy metabolism and gene expression. Supplemental NAD significantly decreased larval development time for isofemale strains chosen on the basis of development time differences. This effect did not represent a trade-off with larval survival, and was not related to the effects of supplemental glucose. The isofemale strains were assayed by using a method derived from Warburgs manometric procedures which measured changes in the proportions of ATP, ADP and AMP in larval homogenates. Supplemental NAD appeared to increase the proportion of ATP and the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio in vitro and during larval development. The decrease in larval development time mediated by NAD was attributed to supplemental NAD modifying the NAD pool beyond levels established during ...
Two lipid synthesis inhibitors compounds (spiromesifen SPM and spirotetramat SPT) were used against the second instar larvae of cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory condition. Toxicity of both compounds was tested. Effect of these insecticides on total lipid also was determined. The obtained results showed that both compounds were moderately toxic against the second instar larvae of S. littoralis. The mortality percentages caused by the field rate of spiromesifen and spirotetramat were 51.7 and 60.0%, respectively. The lethal concentrations for 50% of tested insect population (LC50) were 170.1 and 42.2 ppm, respectively. The total lipid content was determined in treated larvae and compared with the untreated. The percentage of total lipid in spiromesifen- and spirotetramat-treated larvae was 2.17 and 2.21%, respectively, compared with 2.42% in untreated larvae. GC/MS also was used in identification of fatty acids composition of S. littoralis larvae. The results cleared that 13 fatty
TY - JOUR. T1 - Interactive effects of maternal and environmental exposure to coal combustion wastes decrease survival of larval southern toads (Bufo terrestris). AU - Metts, Brian S.. AU - Buhlmann, Kurt A.. AU - Scott, David E.. AU - Tuberville, Tracey D.. AU - Hopkins, William A.. PY - 2012/5/1. Y1 - 2012/5/1. N2 - We conducted a mesocosm study to assess the individual and interactive effects of previous maternal exposure and larval exposure to trace element-laden sediments on southern toads (Bufo terrestris). Previous maternal exposure to coal combustion wastes (CCW) reduced larval survival to metamorphosis up to 57% compared to larvae of unexposed females. Larvae reared on CCW accumulated significant concentrations of trace elements resulting in extended larval periods, reduced growth rates, and reduced mass at metamorphosis. However, the effects were dependent on age of sediments, suggesting the effects of contaminants from CCW may be partially ameliorated over time through the reduced ...
A settlement inhibition assay using barnacle cyprid larvae, Balanus amphitrite, was developed with Cd2+ and phenol as standard reference toxicants. Mean percentage settlement of cyprid larvae showed a progressive reduction with increasing concentrations of Cd2+ and phenol. A significant reduction in settlement was found when cyprids were exposed to 0.1 mgL(-1) Cd2+ or 10 mgL(-1) phenol. The assay was used to assess the sublethal toxicity of three oil dispersants (Vecom B-1425 GL, Norchem OSD-570 and Corexit 9905) commonly used in Hong Kong waters. Results of this investigation show that the barnacle settlement inhibition assay can be incorporated into the battery of tests currently available for ecotoxicological assessment of marine contaminants. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd ...
Definition of ascidian tadpole. What does ascidian tadpole mean? Meaning of ascidian tadpole. ascidian tadpole synonyms, pronunciation, spelling and more from Free Dictionary.
We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained and restrained whole larvae. For direct control of the environment around the heart another approach utiliz
Another factor is turf quality and maintenance. High turf quality means that theres more organic matter present. White grubs rarely damage turf thats allowed to go dormant in July and August.. Egg and first instar larval survival are the major factors determining grub populations. White grub eggs need to absorb moisture from the surrounding soil in order to develop. If they dont absorb moisture within 24 to 36 hours after being laid, theyll die. The tiny first instar grubs are also very susceptible to desiccation. So, if turf is irrigated during the time that scarab beetles are laying eggs, the risk of having white grubs rises.. In our risk assessment, we need to: note if there was a damaging grub population in the previous season; determine the age of the turf and how much thatch is present; and determine if the turf is being kept green during July and August.. When all these factors are positive, the risk of having a major grub problem is high. In this turf, I would recommend preventive ...
Food habits and biology of five species of Pleocoma larvae were studied at a dozen forested sites in western Oregon between May 1960 and December 1961. First instar Pleocoma hatch in late summer and moult to second instars in early fall. Second and subsequent instars moult annually between mid-summer and early fall. Larvae appear to go through more than nine instars pupating after the seventh, in the upper 20 inches of soil, in mid-summer. Male larvae outnumber females by about 30 percent. Larvae move through the soil primarily by use of the mandibles. This movement can exceed a rate of four inches a day. Larval populations varied from none to 4.4 larvae per square foot and were distributed between two and 44 inches in depth. Soil temperatures and soil moisture influenced most larvae at some sites to leave the upper 16 inches of soil during the summer. At other sites, however, a shallow silicate clay hardpan influenced larvae to remain at shallow depths throughout the year. A fungus disease ...
Watch The Video: o-DISC Deployed Off One Reef Island ]. Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online Scientists writing in the journal PLOS ONE say that if fish larvae were lost, they could just sniff their way back home. The study establishes that reef fish larvae can smell the presence of coral reefs from as far away as several miles offshore. The larvae are then able to use this scent to help guide themselves back home.. The researchers were aiming to study the response of cardnalfish and damselfish larvae in an open ocean setting using an outflow plume. The larvae were observed in the central chamber of an ocean Drifting In Situ Chamber (o-DISC), a device that is composed of a circular behavioral arena that is transparent to light, sound and small-scale turbulence.. The equipment was set up in the water column, and the swimming activity and bearing of the larvae was recorded using an underwater motion-sensing system. The o-DISC tracked larval movement and orientation using odor cues ...
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We examined the life history consequences of cornicle secretion by Aphis fabae Scopoli in second and fourth instars, and its effects on host suitability for its parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall). Cornicle secretion did not affect aphid fecundity, but secretion in the second instar enhanced life table parameters, whereas secretion in the fourth instar affected them negatively, suggesting a higher cost of secretion in later instars. Secretion in either instar improved host suitability for L. fabarum. Although control and treated aphids were parasitized at similar rates, and with similar success, wasps developed faster and emerged as larger adults in aphids that had secreted, regardless of instar. Transgenerational effects were also evident. Progeny emergence was higher when parental wasps developed in fourth instars than in seconds, whether aphids secreted or not, and progeny were larger when parental hosts secreted in the second instar, but not in the fourth. Secreting fourth instars ...
The first instar caterpillar that emerges out of the egg is pale green and translucent. It lacks banding coloration or tentacles. The larvae or caterpillar eats its egg case and begins to feed on milkweed. It is during this stage of growth that the caterpillar begins to sequester cardenolides. The circular motion a caterpillar uses while eating milkweed prevents the flow of latex that could entrap it. The second instar larva develops a characteristic pattern of white, yellow and black transverse bands. It is no longer translucent but is covered in short setae. Pairs of black tentacles begin to grow. One pair grows on the thorax and another pair on the abdomen. The third instar larva has more distinct bands and the two pairs of tentacles become longer. Legs on the thorax differentiate into a smaller pair near the head and larger pairs further back. These third-stage caterpillars begin to eat along the leaf edges. The fourth instar has a different banding pattern. It develops white spots on the ...
Leaf feeding and missing or cut plants are not hard to see, but it is useful to find a few of the larvae that caused the damage and determine size and species. This can be frustrating so why bother?. Knowing which species is present is important to understand the extent of the threat. Black cutworms are more damaging to corn than some other species. For example, dingy cutworms are a very common cutworm species in Minnesota that feed at or above the soil surface. As a result, it does not cut corn below the growing point.. Cutworms are nocturnal. During the day, they hide under soil clods, crop residue, and loose soil, typically at the boundary between dry and moist soil. Cutworms will likely be deeper when soils are dry. Carefully look under pieces of residue and soil clods close to cut or injured plants. If you dont find a cutworm near the base of an injured plant, look near a couple plants on either side in the row. Using a possum-like defense strategy, most cutworm species roll into a ...
Stretch-activated afferent neurons, such as those of mammalian muscle spindles, are essential for proprioception and motor co-ordination, but the underlying mechanisms of mechanotransduction are poorly understood. The dorsal bipolar dendritic (dbd) sensory neurons are putative stretch receptors in the Drosophila larval body wall. We have developed an in vivo protocol to obtain receptor potential recordings from intact dbd neurons in response to stretch. Receptor potential changes in dbd neurons in response to stretch showed a complex, dynamic profile with similar characteristics to those previously observed for mammalian muscle spindles. These profiles were reproduced by a general in silico model of stretch-activated neurons. This in silico model predicts an essential role for a mechanosensory cation channel (MSC) in all aspects of receptor potential generation. Using pharmacological and genetic techniques, we identified the mechanosensory channel, DmPiezo, in this functional role in dbd ...
The larval growth of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) was compared between two main spawning areas, the Sea of Japan (SOJ) and the western North Pacific (WNP). Growth trajectories indicate that the larval survival depends on their growth in both areas. Until the flexion stage, larvae of the SOJ showed lower growth than those of the WNP, but after the post-flexion stage, there was no signi ...
In the northern North Island, damage from black beetle larvae may be showing. Unfortunately little can be done to prevent this. Adults are deterred by AR37, Endo5 and NEA2 endophyte-infected grasses which will reduce egg laying and larval numbers. See DairyNZ Pasture Renewal Guide.. ...
Population dynamics studies of pink stem borer was carried out during spring seasons of the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Research cum Instructional Farm, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.). Larval population increased gradually and reached to a peak of 13.81 and 18.56 larvae /plant in 56 days (12th SMW) and 49 days (11th SMW) in spring season during 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively. The maximum adult population was trapped during fourth week of March (13th SMW) and third week of March (12th SMW), when the mean maximum29.7 ºC and 36.4ºC and minimum temperatures were16.4and 19.4ºC and with mean relative humidities of 67 and 47.5 per cent during the years 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively. The interactions between the larval population and weather parameters revealed non-significant correlation. The interactions between the adult population and weather parameters during spring 2013 and 2014 revealed negative and significant and non-significant correlation with maximum temperature (r = - 0.6519 and - 0.4964),
Ribosome profiling of Drosophila third instar larvae body wall muscle (with ribosome affinity purification) protocol (method) by Xun Chen
Species identification using the characteristics of developmental stages is challenging. However, for insect taxonomy the coloration of larval stages can be an informative feature. The use of live specimens is recommended for this because the color fades in preserved specimens. In this study we examine the possibility of using variation in coloration and color pattern of larvae in order to distinguish between two ground beetles species Epomis dejeani Dejean, 1831 and E. circumscriptus Duftschmid, 1812. We present an atlas and describe the coloration and body size of the three larval stages of the above species based on live specimens. The first instar larvae of the two Epomis species can be easily distinguished based on their color. From the second instar on, the variability in coloration and color patterns increases, creating an overlap in these attributes between larvae of the two species. Except for minor differences in color of the antennae and the base of the mandibles, larvae of the two species
Argyrotaenia franciscana is bivoltine or multivoltine, depending on location. In warmer inland areas of California, larvae aestivate during the summer and only two generations are completed. In cooler coastal areas there may be up to 5 continuous overlapping generations with adults present year-round.. Eggs are laid on smooth surfaces of leaves, fruits, and twigs in masses that contain approximately 200 individual eggs. Early instar larvae skeletonize leaves under a silk shelter; later instars roll, fold, or web leaves together or to fruits. Larvae complete 5-7 instars in a period of 20-30 days. Larvae or pupae overwinter in dead leaves, in mummified fruits, under buds, or on weedy herbaceous plants in the same vicinity as the host. Pupation occurs in the final larval shelter.. Larvae can cause economic damage by directly feeding on developing fruit in citrus, apple, and grape. Larvae may also feed on stems, causing fruit to drop.. Host plants. Argyrotaenia franciscana has been described as one ...
Abstract:. Poultry litter (PL), which is usually used as organic fertilizer, is a source of nutrients, metals, veterinary pharmaceuticals and bacterial pathogens, which, through runoff, may end up in the nearest aquatic ecosystems. In this study, Leptodactylus chaquensis at different development stages (eggs, larval stages 28 and 31 here referred to as stages I, II and III respectively) were exposed to PL test sediments as follows: 6.25% (T1), 12.5% (T2); 25% (T3); 50% (T4); 75% (T5); 100% PL (T6) and to dechlorinated water as control. Larval survival, development endpoints (growth rate -GR-, development rate -DR-, abnormalities), antioxidant enzyme activities (Catalase -CAT- and Glutathione-S-Transferase -GST-), and genotoxic effect (DNA damage index by the Comet assay) were analyzed at different times. In stage I, no egg eclosion was observed in treatments T3-T6, and 50% of embryo mortality was recorded after 24 h of exposure to T2. In stages II and III, mortality in treatments T3-T6 reached ...
The underlying processes of nociception and pain are, despite the rodent models available, still not fully understood. One of the drawbacks of rodent model systems is the difficulty to screen compound libraries for their influence on nociception, thus slowing down the discovery of novel analgesics for clinical use.. Rodent behavioural tasks have been previously adapted for larval zebrafish in our group and in the current manuscript we investigated the possibilities of zebrafish larvae as an additional model system to study nociception and pain and their underlying mechanisms.. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to different concentrations of diluted acetic acid, a chemical noxious stimulus, and we measured nociceptive-specific behaviours. Cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), a gene known to be involved in nociception, was used as a marker for the activation of nociceptive pathways. Upon exposure to diluted acetic acid, five-day old larval zebrafish showed a concentration dependent increase in locomotor ...
The mission of our group is to unravel structure-function relationships between neural circuits, sensory coding and adaptive behaviours. We are interested in understanding how odour tracking comes about in terms of circuit computation. This problem is tackled in the olfactory system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster larva. Our research combines a variety of experimental and computational techniques aiming to define how naturalistic odorant stimuli are encoded and processed in the olfactory system. In particular, we are developing new computational tools to monitor and classify stereotypical behaviours automatically. We are seeking to identify circuits involved in the processing of olfactory information and the making of decisions underlying chemotaxis.. ...
Our 3-year field study (2006-2009) using captive populations of D. melanogaster is the first field study to investigate the relationship between inbreeding depression and seasonal fluctuations in stress level. We found that stress levels were on average fourfold higher in the winter compared with the summer, and that this higher stress level increased the inbreeding depression affecting population productivity from 32 per cent in the summer to 65 per cent in the winter. Moreover, this covariation of stress level and inbreeding depression conformed to the same linear relationship seen in experimental Drosophila laboratory studies of stress and inbreeding (figure 2). The observation that inbreeding depression based on population productivity in the field follows the same relationship as inbreeding depression based on larval survival in the laboratory suggests that even in complex environments stress and inbreeding interact in the same predictable manner. This same general relationship has been ...
The easy-to-use in vivo model, zebrafish larva, is being increasingly used to screen chemical-induced hepatotoxicity, with a good predictivity for various mechanisms of liver injury. However, nothing is known about its applicability in exploring the mechanism called membrane remodeling, depicted as changes in membrane fluidity or lipid raft properties. The aim of this study was, therefore, to substantiate the zebrafish larva as a suitable in vivo model in this context. Ethanol was chosen as a prototype toxicant because it is largely described, both in hepatocyte cultures and in rodents, as capable of inducing a membrane remodeling leading to hepatocyte death and liver injury. The zebrafish larva model was demonstrated to be fully relevant as membrane remodeling was maintained even after a 1-week exposure without any adaptation as usually reported in rodents and hepatocyte cultures. It was also proven to exhibit a high sensitivity as it discriminated various levels of cytotoxicity depending on the extent