BK Polyomavirus replication in primary human renal tubular epithelial cells : investigating factors in the early and late viral life cycle as determinants of viral kidney disease ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Estradiol regulation of P-glycoprotein expression in mouse kidney and human tubular epithelial cells, implication for renal clearance of drugs. AU - Kanado, Yuki. AU - Tsurudome, Yuya. AU - Omata, Yuji. AU - Yasukochi, Sai. AU - Kusunose, Naoki. AU - Akamine, Takahiro. AU - Matsunaga, Naoya. AU - Koyanagi, Satoru. AU - Ohdo, Shigehiro. PY - 2019/11/12. Y1 - 2019/11/12. N2 - P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) is an ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporter expressed in a variety of tissues that affects the pharmacokinetic disposition of many drugs. Although several studies have reported gender-dependent differences in the expression of P-gp, the role of sex hormones in regulating the expression of P-gp and its transport activity has not been well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that 17β-estradiol has the ability to induce the expression of P-pg in mouse kidneys and cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. After intravenous injection of a typical P-gp ...

Guinea pigs injected with heterologous renal basement membranes (RBM) and complete Freunds adjuvant (FA) develop a new renal cortical tubular disease and form antibodies that react with renal tubular basement membrane (TBM) (1-3). We now document the characteristics and immunopathology of this renal tubular disease and the presence of anti-TBM antibodies in the serum and along the cortical TBM. Finally, we demonstrate a positive correlation between the incidence of severe tubular disease and large amounts of anti-cortical TBM autoantibodies.. Materials and Methods. RBM, rich in TBM, were prepared from frozen New Zealand White rabbit kidneys3 by a modification of Krakower and Greenspons method (4). Briefly, rabbit cortex was buttered through a 100-mesh metal screen. The screenings were washed by centrifugation in saline to remove free cells. By repeated shaking and washing of the residue, glomeruli settled faster than tubules. Supernatants rich in tubules were examined microscopically (4, ...

Experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of the distal tubular feedback mechanism on glomerular function in the dog. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and stop-flow pressure (SFP) were measured from early segments of proximal tubules during alterations in distal perfusion rate (via a late proximal puncture site) and perfusate composition. Perfusion rate (PR) was varied from 16 to 68 nl/min with a microperfusion pump. The intermediate segment of the nephron was blocked with a solid wax cast, thus preventing retrograde influences of the microperfusion procedure. During perfusion with an ultrafiltrate of plasma and an artificial tubular fluid solution (ATF), SNGFR decreased from 63 ± 2.6 (SE) nl/min at a PR of 16 nl/min to 20 ± 2.4 nl/min at a PR of 63 ± 2.6 nl/min. At a PR of 16 nl/min, SFP was 48 ± 1.3 mmHg with ultrafiltrate and ATF. Increases in PR to 68 nl/min led to a reduction in SFP to 26 ± 1.5 mmHg. SFP was also measured during changes in PR with various ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Antibody to transforming growth factor-β ameliorates tubular apoptosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. AU - Miyajima, Akira. AU - Chen, Jie. AU - Lawrence, Cathy. AU - Ledbetter, Steve. AU - Soslow, Robert A.. AU - Stern, Joshua. AU - Jha, Sharda. AU - Pigato, Joseph. AU - Lemer, Matthew L.. AU - Poppas, Dix P.. AU - Vaughan, E. Darracott. AU - Felsen, Diane. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Background. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is characterized by progressive renal atrophy, renal interstitial fibrosis, an increase in renal transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and renal tubular apoptosis. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of a monoclonal antibody to TGF-β (1D11) in UUO. Methods. Mechanical stretch was applied to tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) by a computer-assisted system. Three doses of 1D11 (either 0.5, 2, or 4 mg/rat) were administered to rats one day prior to UUO and every two days thereafter, and kidneys were harvested at day ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Atrial natriuretic factor modulates whole kidney tubuloglomerular feedback. AU - Margulies, K. B.. AU - Burnett, John C Jr.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - Increases in sodium delivery to the distal nephron reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Central volume expansion and pharmacological concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) are known to attenuate this response. To test the hypothesis that whole kidney TGF is attenuated by pathophysiological concentrations of ANF, hypertonic saline was given intrarenally in five dogs receiving an intravenous infusion of synthetic ANF at 20 ng·kg-1·min-1. To examine whole kidney TGF responses in heart failure, six additional dogs with acute congestive heart failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing also received intrarenal hypertonic saline. Seven sham-paced dogs served as controls. An isolated increase in circulating ANF from 26 ± 3 to 342 ± 23 pg/ml abolished the whole kidney GFR response to ...

We recently reported the existence of certain renal tubular cells that participate in kidney regeneration. These cells were identified as LRTC and were shown to be a potential source of regenerating cells after renal ischemia (23). Here, we isolated LRTC from adult kidney tubules by separating a Hoechstlow population by FACS. These cells could be distinguished by expression of marker genes and by functional assays. We found that (1) LRTC proliferate with epithelial marker expression in response to certain growth factors but, unlike non-LRTC, have a unique in vitro proliferation and differentiation response to MM cell line-derived soluble factors; (2) the growth and differentiation pattern of LRTC is affected by ECM; (3) LRTC form cyst-like or tubule-like structures in collagen gels; and (4) LRTC are integrated into several types of renal cells when transplanted into embryonic kidney.. During tubular regeneration after injury, the expression of various growth factors is altered (3) and there are ...

Inborn Errors Renal Tubular Transport: Genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the KIDNEY TUBULES.

Latuszyńska, J., 1983: Experimental studies on the embryotoxic effect of phosphamidon on the epithelium of convoluted kidney tubules. II. Histological and histochemical studies

SLK activity and appearance are increased during kidney advancement and recovery from renal ischemia-reperfusion damage. understood poorly. The Ste20-like kinase SLK is certainly an organization V GCK portrayed in kidney tubular epithelial cells also to a lesser level in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GECs; podocytes). Previously we confirmed that appearance and activity of SLK had been elevated in rat fetal kidneys weighed against adult control kidneys which renal ischemia-reperfusion damage enhanced SLK appearance and activity in adult rat kidneys.7 Thus SLK is a renal epithelial proteins kinase whose expression and activity are increased during advancement and recovery from acute renal failure where injured tubular epithelial cells may regenerate by recapitulating developmental procedures.8 Moreover expression of SLK in mature and developing podocytes suggests a possible role in glomerulogenesis or glomerular injury. The regulatory and functional areas of SLK have obtained considerable ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - MRI tools for assessment of microstructure and nephron function of the kidney. AU - Xie, Luke. AU - Bennett, Kevin M.. AU - Liu, Chunlei. AU - Johnson, G. Allan. AU - Zhang, Jeff Lei. AU - Lee, Vivian S.. PY - 2016/12/1. Y1 - 2016/12/1. N2 - MRI can provide excellent detail of renal structure and function. Recently, novel MR contrast mechanisms and imaging tools have been developed to evaluate microscopic kidney structures including the tubules and glomeruli. Quantitative MRI can assess local tubular function and is able to determine the concentrating mechanism of the kidney noninvasively in real time. Measuring single nephron function is now a near possibility. In parallel to advancing imaging techniques for kidney microstructure is a need to carefully understand the relationship between the local source of MRI contrast and the underlying physiological change. The development of these imaging markers can impact the accurate diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. This study ...

We have examined the timing of specification of the pronephric tubules and duct in Xenopus laevis by explanting the presumptive pronephric rudiments into blastula ectodermal wraps. We have established I-he time point of specification using the monoclonal antibody markers 3G8 and 4A6 which recognize antigens in pronephric tubule and duct, respectively. We show that, by experimental analysis in explants, kidney tubules are specified by stage 12.5 in the pronephric anlagen whereas pronephric duct is specified later between stages 13 and 14. Furthermore we show that signals involved in tubulogenesis of the pronephric tubules are normally received between stage 12.5 and 13. These experiments unambiguously pinpoint the timing of pronephros specification analyzed by explant experimentation to a developmental stage prior to that demonstrated for urodele amphibia, and provide an essential biological backdrop to a search for the molecular nature of pronephric inducers. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland ...

View Notes - Tubular secretion from PT 101 at Texas State. Tubular secretion In contrast to tubular reabsorption, which returns substances to the blood, tubular secretion removes substances from the

The reabsorption of calcium in the proximal convoluted tubule parallels that of sodium and water. Proximal tubular calcium reabsorption is thought to occur mainly by passive diffusion and solvent drag. This is based on the observation that the ratio of calcium in the proximal tubule fluid to that in the glomerular filtrate is 1:1.2. The passive paracellular pathways account for approximately 80% of calcium reabsorption in this segment of the nephron. A small but significant component of active calcium transport is observed in the proximal tubules. The active transport of calcium proceeds in a two-step process, with calcium entry from the tubular fluid across the apical membrane and exit though the basolateral membrane. This active transport is generally considered to constitute 10%-15% of total proximal tubule calcium reabsorption and it is mainly regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (7).. No reabsorption of calcium occurs within the thin segment of the loop of Henle (Figure ...

Synonyms for Glomerular filtrate in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Glomerular filtrate. 5 words related to glomerulus: malpighian body, malpighian corpuscle, renal corpuscle, capillary vessel, capillary. What are synonyms for Glomerular filtrate?

Hartmann, J.T. Lipp, H.-P. Toxicity of platinum compounds. Expert Opin. Pharmacother; 2003. Jin Kim, Gi-Su Oh, Ai Hua Shen, Su Bin Lee, Khadka D, Pandit A, Hong-Seob So. Cisplatin induced kidney disfunction and perspectives on improving treatment strategies. The Korean Society of Electrolyte Metabolism. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2004; 12: 55-65. Brillet G, Deray G, Jacquiaud C et al. Long-term renal effect of cisplatin in man. Am J Nephrol. 1994; 14: 81-84. Arany I, Safirstein RL. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Semin Nephrol. 2003; 23: 460-464. Siddik, Zahid H.Mechanisms of action of cancer chemotherapeutic agents : dna-interactive alkylating agents and antitumour platinum-based drugs. Snedecor, G., Cochran, W., 1974. Ten Thousand Randomly Assorted Digits, in: Statistical Methods; 2002. Kawai Y, Nakao T, Kunimura N, et al. relationship of intracellular calcium and oxygen radicals to cisplatin-related renal cell injury. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006; 100: 65-72. Pabla N, Jiang M, Wei Q et al. Effects of ...

ABSTRACTGraphical abstractTubular cells are central targets of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in kidney transplantation. Inflammation and metabolic disturbances occurring within these cells are deleterious by themselves but also favor secondary events, such as activation of immune response. It is

The work carried out was multifaceted, dealing with the many factors concerned in acute and chronic injury to renal tubules. In view of the fact that most tubular lesions are the consequence of vascular impairment, many of the studies involved an examination of the behavior of arteries, arterioles and glomeruli in the face of different stimuli. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is intimately concerned in the regulation of blood flow and experiments were carried out to shed light on this structure. The factors concerned in the stimulus for hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus were studied to test the validity of the notion that the tonicity of the filtrate acting on the macula densa is of importance. (Author)(*KIDNEYS

Tubulointerstitial and glomerular accumulations of immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells, are a prominent feature of a variety of nephritis (6, 31, 32, 33). The C-C family of chemokines is major mononuclear cell chemoattractants and may be central to the recruitment of these cells. As LPS is involved in the onset or progression of acute and chronic renal diseases (2, 3, 4, 5), C-C chemokines produced by renal cells after LPS exposure (44, 45, 46) may play a predominant role in the pathogenesis. LPS initiates multiple intracellular signaling events, including the activation of NF-κB, AP-1, and three distinct MAPKs: p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK (7). Recently, it has been documented that LPS-induced MCP-1 gene expression in rat tubular epithelial cells is NF-κB dependent (46). In our studies performed by using various inhibitors, the LPS-mediated MCP-1 mRNA increase was dependent on NF-κB activation, but not on the three MAPK signaling pathways. In contrast, much less is known about the ...

View Notes - BIO 203 Lecture 20 from BIO 328 at SUNY Stony Brook. Lecture 20 Renal Physiology continued Reabsorption continued: Diffusional o Proximal tubule, water will always move with solute,

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation (SJKDT) is the official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Maternal accommodation to normal pregnancy begins shortly after conception,during pregnancy the anatomical and histological changes occur in the kidneyas a maternal adaptation for physiological

The mechanism of sodium retention and its location in kidney tubules may vary with time in nephrotic syndrome (NS). We studied the mechanisms of sodium retention in transgenic POD-ATTAC mice, which display an inducible podocyte-specific apoptosis. At day 2 after the induction of NS, the increased abundance of NHE3 and phosphorylated NCC in nephrotic mice compared with controls suggest that early sodium retention occurs mainly in the proximal and distal tubules. At day 3, the abundance of NHE3 normalized, phosphorylated NCC levels decreased, and cleavage and apical localization of γ-ENaC increased in nephrotic mice. These findings indicate that sodium retention shifted from the proximal and distal tubules to the collecting system. Increased cleavage and apical localization of γ-ENaC persisted at day 5 in nephrotic mice when hypovolemia resolved and steady-state was reached. Sodium retention and γ-ENaC cleavage were independent of the increased plasma levels of aldosterone. Nephrotic mice displayed

Histological Analysis At euthanization, renal tissue specimens were fixed Animal weights did not differ between the groups in neutral 10% buffered formalin and embedded in (MP25, 23.5 ± 4.6 kg; MP30, 26.3 ± 3.2 kg; p = paraffin. Tissue injury was assessed on periodic acid- 0.201). All animals demonstrated normal renal func- Schiff (PAS) stained 4 lm-thick sections by scoring tion before the start of the experiments (serum creati- glomerular damage (shrinking), tubular damage, infil- nine; MP25, 1.09 ± 0.14 mg/dL; MP30, 1.13 ± 0.10 tration of inflammatory cells, interstitial edema and mg/dL; p = 0.565). Cold ischemic times (CITs) necrosis. Tubular damage was defined as dilatation, of the groups were comparable (CIT, MP25, 20:32 h ± denudation of the tubular basement membrane and 0:06; MP30, 20:28 h ± 0:17; p = 0.158). Also, times vacuolization. Injury of each specimen was graded to required for both anastomoses were comparable the extent of region involvement in 10 randomly cho- between the ...

Other articles where Renal tubule is discussed: renal system: Tubule function: The role of the tubules may be assessed by comparing the amounts of various substances in the filtrate and in the urine (Table 2).

Renal Physiology MCQs Questions and Answers... As fluid passes down the proximal convoluted tubule, there is a fall of more than 50 per cent in the_____

The vessels that are responsible for reabsorbing all of the molecules that cross the tubular epithelial cells are called peritubular capillaries. In order to do their job efficiently, they need to be immediately adjacent to the tubules. If there is an aggregate of fibroblasts or inflammatory cells, then it is more difficult for them to take up the products delivered to them by the tubular epithelial cells. Likewise, this intricate tortuous network of capillaries delivers oxygen and glucose to the tubules as well. Loss of the peritubular capillaries or an increase in the distance between the tubules and the capillaries will therefore impact tubular epithelial energy balance and functionality.. ...

Ureteral obstruction leads to renal damage via a bimodal process, with tubular apoptosis occurring as an early event followed by the release of cytokines and chemokines from the injured tubular cell, resulting in inflammatory reaction and interstitial fibrosis. Thus it has been suggested that inhibition of tubular apoptosis may protect against subsequent inflammatory response and interstitial fibrosis (5). Treatments targeting various mediators of apoptosis and inflammation, such as neutralizing antibodies of TGF-β1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, have reduced early apoptosis and late fibrosis. Oxidative stress resulting from mechanical stretch and ischemia also play an important role in tubular apoptosis, and antioxidants may be useful therapeutic agents for UUO. However, previous attempts to limit tissue damage by targeting ROS with antioxidants have met with limited success (13, 18, 22, 25, 31). In this study, we provide a proof of concept that using a ...

Using stem cell and gene-editing techniques, researchers from Brigham and Womens Hospital have succeeded in growing mini kidneys that mimic disease. These tiny, impressive organoids, just 1 mm in diameter, are capable of modeling healthy as well as diseased kidneys and contain kidney tubules resembling those in people. They can… Continue reading. ...

Regulation of Sodium and Water Excretion. In: Eaton DC, Pooler JP. Eaton D.C., Pooler J.P. Eds. Douglas C. Eaton, and John P. Pooler.eds. Vanders Renal Physiology, 8e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accessbiomedicalscience.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2174§ionid=163330667. Accessed December 12, 2017 ...

Mathematical physiology. My main research interest is the application of mathematics to biological systems, specifically, mathematical modeling of renal physiology. Current projects involve (1) the development of mathematical models of the mammalian kidney and the application of these models to investigate the mechanism by which some mammals (and birds) can produce a urine that has a much higher osmolality than that of blood plasma; (2) the study of the origin of the irregular oscillations exhibited by the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system, which regulates fluid delivery into renal tubules, in hypertensive rats; (3) the investigation of the interactions of the TGF system and the urine concentrating mechanism; (4) the development of a dynamic epithelial transport model of the proximal tubule and the incorporation of that model into a TGF framework. Multiscale numerical methods. I develop multiscale numerical methods---multi-implicit Picard integral deferred correction methods---for the ...

Biology Assignment Help, Retention of water by kidneys, Retention of water by the kidneys is regulated by a part of the brain, called the hypothalamus, that controls the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).An increased secretion of ADH means that more water will move out of the kidneys tubules and co

Ly-6 is a multigene family of murine polymorphic cell membrane proteins that are glycosydlphosphatidylinositol anchored, widely expressed on lymphoid tissue, and homologous to the recently described human CD59. An unexpected feature of Ly-6 is its high level of expression in the kidney. This renal expression and its interferon (IFN)-gamma inducibility in murine strains expressing different Ly-6 haplotypes were studied with monoclonal antibodies and cDNA probes that recognize Ly-6A/E and Ly-6C. Ly-6 expression was much more extensive in the kidney than in other parenchymal organs. Ly-6A.1/E.2 was extensively expressed on vascular endothelium and on tubular epithelium, particularly in the distal nephron. Pattern of expression differed between strains expressing A and E alleles. Ly-6C was not detected by monoclonal antibodies but was detected by oligonucleotide-specific probes. Treatment with recombinant IFN-gamma or IFN-inducing agents increased Ly-6 expression markedly, particularly on the luminal aspect

Mobasheri, A, Cathro, HP, German, A, Marples, D, Martín-vasallo, P and Canessa, CM (2009) Applications of Tissue Microarrays in Renal Physiology and Pathology ...

The term tubulointerstitial is used to broadly refer to kidney diseases that involve structures in the kidney outside the glomerulus. These diseases generally involve tubules and/or the interstitium of the kidney and spare the glomeruli, as shown in the image below.

At one end of each nephron, in the cortex of the kidney, is a cup shaped structure called the (Bowmans or renal) capsule. It surrounds a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus that carries high-pressure blood. Together the glomerulus and capsule act as a blood-filtering device . The holes in the filter allow most of the contents of the blood through except the red and white cells and large protein molecules. The fluid flowing from the capsule into the rest of the kidney tubule is therefore very similar to blood plasma and contains many useful substances like water, glucose, salt and amino acids. It also contains waste products like urea ...

DDR1 role in kidney Thirty-eight papers are reported in PubMed upon the keyword search DDR1 AND kidney. Careful examination of those papers shows that only 31 are related to DDR1\s role in glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis, 24 of those being research and the rest review articles. Since the original paper describing the cloning of RTK6 (today\s DDR1) by Laval et al. [47], it has been established that DDR1 is highly expressed in the adult kidney (Fig. 2), comparable to the expression level in you want to be and placenta [47]. The renal expression was confirmed independently by the group of Vogel et al., though the authors suggest that expression is localized to mesangial cells [48]. The first detailed investigation of DDR1 (and DDR2) expression in normal and remnant rat kidney was performed by Lee et al. [34]. The authors showed DDR1 to be expressed with a basolateral staining pattern within renal cortical and medullary tubules, in connecting and collecting tubules continuous with cortical ...

Tubular reabsorption allows the body to reclaim any needed materials from the kidneys after glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process of forcing water, salts, urea and glucose from...

Physiology Test Question - In response to a decrease in blood volume and/or blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells of kidney tubules release this hormone/enzyme into the bloodstream:

Plays a crucial role in the insertion of secretory and membrane polypeptides into the ER. Required for assembly of membrane and secretory proteins. Tightly associated with membrane-bound ribosomes, either directly or through adapter proteins. Plays a role in pronephric kidney tubule development (By similarity).

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Typical histological features of IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis. Upper: Histopathological examination in a patient with IgG4-related kidney disease (

నెల్లూరు: మనుబోలు మండలం బద్వేలు క్రాస్‌రోడ్డు దగ్గర కారు బోల్తా, ముగ్గురికి గాయాలు,కర్నూలు: 16 వ రోజు జగన్ ప్రజా సంకల్ప యాత్ర,రంగారెడ్డి: మైలార్‌దేవ్‌పల్లిలో కింగ్స్‌ కాలనీలో ముస్తఫా అనే వ్యక్తిపై దుండగుల కాల్పులు,కడప: జగన్ సీఎం అయితే తన ఆస్తులు పెరుగుతాయి..చంద్రబాబు సీఎంగా ఉంటే ప్రజల ఆస్తులు పెరుగుతాయి: మంత్రి సోమిరెడ్డి,సిరిసిల్ల: అన్ని గ్రామాల్లో కేసీఆర్ గ్రామీణ ప్రగతి ...

Shqip, programe,libra,fjalor,analiza,referate,kuriozitete,fjale te urta,takvimi,gramatike,gjuhe dhe letersi,mjekesi,namazi, shendetesi,lojra,

The intracellular sodium concentration [( Na+]i) of dog kidney cortical tubules was monitored by flame photometry and 23Na NMR using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as shift reagent. Upon addition of substrates cotransported with sodium, flame photometry showed an increase in [Na+]i while no change (glutamine, glucose) or even a decrease (lactate) in the Na+i NMR signal was observed. This discrepancy could not be explained by a lack of ATP prior to the addition of substrates or by a decrease of NMR visibility of Nai+ induced by binding of substrate to membrane transporters (and pump). We propose that a variation of the apparent visibility of Nai+ may occur, arising from either a compartmentation of Nai+ in dog cortical tubules or an inhomogeneous extracellular distribution of the shift reagent.

The cellular localization of DARPP-32, a dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32,000 that appears to mediate certain actions of dopamine in the mammalian brain by acting as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1, was studied in the kidney of several species. DARPP-32 mRNA and DARPP-32-like immunoreactivity were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The specific dopamine DA1 agonist SKF 82526 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity, which could be blocked by SCH 23390, a specific DA1 antagonist, and by PKI-(5-24) amide, a specific inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The results indicate that DA1 dopamine receptors and DARPP-32, an intracellular third messenger for dopamine, are part of the signal-transduction process for dopamine acting on renal tubule cells. ...

A pathophysiologic study of the kidney tubule to optimize organ preservation solutions. Background. Tissue damage at the time of organ transplantation has a negative impact on the subsequent success of the procedure, both in the immediate and longer term. Hypothermia is the principal element used to prolong organ viability ex vivo, but paradoxically also induces cellular edema through inhibition of energy-dependent adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases). This induces an electrolyte imbalance that leads to fluid influx and cell swelling. It is important, therefore, that improvements are made in the preservation of ischemic organs to reduce this injury. Methods. This study has applied a novel in vitro system to model cold and warm ischemic-induced renal tubule swelling that characterizes tissue damage in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochemical blockade of ATPases in this system using strophanthidin modeled the effects of energy depletion and induced cell swelling. By measuring such tubule swelling ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Association between nonalbumin proteinuria and renal tubular damage of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and its clinical relevance in patients with type 2 diabetes without albuminuria. AU - Han, Eugene. AU - Kim, Mi Kyung. AU - Lee, Yong ho. AU - Kim, Hye Soon. AU - Lee, Byung Wan. N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by research grants from Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.. PY - 2019/3. Y1 - 2019/3. N2 - Aim: Although albuminuria and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) are known as progression markers of diabetic kidney disease, there is limited information regarding the association between urinary nonalbumin proteinuria (NAP) and uNAG and the clinical relevance thereof in patients without albuminuria. Methods: This cross-sectional study included samples from 244 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) without ...

This study confirms that a potent, highly selective A1AdoR antagonist causes marked diuresis and natriuresis (2,3,4,11). The A1AdoR antagonist was found to have a unique profile of nephron action that entails a combined inhibition of tubular fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubule and inhibition of TGF that would otherwise be activated by the enhanced delivery of filtrate to the macula densa segment. The reduction in APR, without a change in SNGFR measured simultaneously at the LP, suggests that A1AdoR blockade can uncouple glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. Glomerulotubular balance normally maintains a constant fractional proximal reabsorption during increases in SNGFR (24). This is the first direct demonstration with micropuncture techniques that A1AdoR inhibition inhibits proximal tubular fluid reabsorption and disrupts glomerulotubular balance in vivo. The finding that intravenous CVT-124 increases whole-kidney GFR and SNGFR measured from the distal tubule and blunts the ...

CP is known to induce AKI as a result of renal tubular epithelial cell injury. ERS-induced apoptosis of tubular epithelium cells serves a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CP-induced nephrotoxicity (9,36). Therefore, the present study investigated whether Dex exerted a renoprotective effect on CP-induced AKI in a rat model by inhibiting ERS-mediated apoptosis via the α2AR/PI3K/AKT pathway. The present results suggested that Dex facilitated a significant reduction in RI, body weight, and Scr and BUN levels, indicating a significant renoprotective effect, which was further demonstrated by H&E staining and apoptosis analysis. In addition, Dex reduced the expression levels of ERS-dependent proteins and increased the expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Furthermore, the α2 receptor blocker Atip abolished the effects of Dex. Therefore, the protective mechanism underlying Dex may be related to ERS-mediated apoptosis via the α2AR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The present results provided a novel ...

Diuretic drugs usually improve edema when used judiciously. Some patients, however, become resistant to their effects. Diuretic resistance may result from dietary indiscretion, poor compliance, impaired bioavailability, impaired diuretic secretion into the lumen of the renal tubule, or because other drugs interfere with diuretic activity. When easily treatable causes of diuretic resistance have been excluded, resistance often reflects the intensity of the stimuli to sodium retention. Recent experimental work has indicated ways in which the kidney adapts to chronic diuretic treatment and has indicated how these adaptations may limit diuretic effectiveness. First, nephron segments downstream from the site of diuretic action increase sodium-chloride (NaCl) reabsorption because the delivered NaCl load increases. Second, diuretic-induced contraction of the extracellular fluid volume stimulates kidney tubules to retain NaCl until the next dose of diuretic is administered. Third, kidney tubules ...

In clinical pathology, the term Nephronophthisis describes a congenital tubular cystic malformation syndrome that entails cysts, arising at the level of the corticomedullary junction, accompanied by peritubular fibrosis and inflammation, tubular basement membrane disruption and atrophy of the tubular epithelia. The kidney size is typically not enlarged, and regressive changes occur throughout later development that lead to small-sized kidneys. Unlike in ADPKD, the cysts do not appear as enlarging cystic space occupying lesions, expanding in a concentric fashion, but rather as punched-out empty spaces within the kidney parenchyma.. The clinical course is highly dependent on the presence of syndromatic extrarenal manifestations and on the degree of renal function compromise. In severe cases, renal failure in utero gives rise to oligohygramnios and a Potter sequence, and among many secondary malformations, pulmonary hypoplasia and postpartum respiratory failure represent the most important ...

The most important structural changes in type 1 diabetes occur in the glomeruli, with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial expansion, and podocyte injury; in the presence of more advanced DN, however, there are also important changes in the tubules and interstitium with tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis and inflammation (38). In contrast, among patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria and preserved renal function (39), a substantial proportion (∼40%) has advanced tubulo-interstitial lesions despite only very mild glomerular lesions. These lesions include thickening and reduplication of tubular basement membrane (especially of the proximal tubules), tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and chronic inflammation. When proximal tubular cells are grown in high-glucose conditions, there is an increased secretion of inflammatory molecules and profibrotic cytokines (40). In vivo, this leads to activation of inflammatory pathways, ...

Acute tubular injury (ATI) is the new nomenclature, now commonly used in place of acute tubular necrosis to define a sudden reduction in renal functioning, resulting from a myriad of... ...

Supporting: 1, Mentioning: 3 - Background and Objectives: It was postulated that adriamycin (ADR) induce renal tubulointerstitial injury. Clinicians are faced with a challenge in producing response in renal patients and slowing or halting the evolution towards kidney failure. The present study aimed at investigating the relation between the possible therapeutic effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs), isolated from cord blood on tubular renal damage and their distribution by using ADR induced nephrotoxicity as a model in albino rat. Methods and Results: Thirty three male albino rats were divided into control group, ADR group where rats were given single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5 mg/kg adriamycin. The rats were sacrificed 10, 20 and 30 days following confirmation of tubular injury. In stem cell therapy group, rats were injected with HMSCs following confirmation of renal injury and sacrificed 10, 20 and 30 days after HMSCs therapy. Kidney sections were exposed to histological,

We examined the effect of daily cyclosporin A administration on the development and extent of tubulointerstitial nephritis produced in rats immunized with tubular basement membranes in adjuvant. Six mg/kg/day of cyclosporin A, given from the time of immunization, completely blocked the development o …

TY - JOUR. T1 - Redox regulation of renal DNA synthesis, transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen gene expression. AU - Nath, Karl A. AU - Grande, Joseph Peter. AU - Croatt, Anthony. AU - Haugen, James. AU - Kim, Youngki. AU - Rosenberg, Mark E.. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - Growth and injury represent recurrent and related themes in the study of progressive renal disease. We have previously demonstrated that a prooxidant diet, one deficient in antioxidants, selenium and vitamin E, induces renal enlargement, proteinuria, mild tubulointerstitial disease and diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Our present study represents continued examination of these processes. We demonstrate that these diets increase thymidine incorporation into DNA and net DNA content in renal tissue, and induce expression of the mRNA for the proto-oncogene, c-myc, and the histone, H2b. We localize increased DNA synthesis as occurring mainly in the distal renal tubular epithelium. These deficient kidneys also exhibit ...

Kidney: Diffusely in a section of kidney, the renal tubular epithelium is variably degenerate and necrotic. Within affected tubules, epithelial cells are often dissociated, variably swollen, with eosinophilic finely vacuolated to floccular cytoplasm, and pyknotic to karyolytic to lost nuclei (degeneration and necrosis). Few large, irregular, and mildly atypical cells with prominent vesicular nuclei are also present (regeneration). Multifocally, tubules are filled with small to moderate amounts of eosinophilic smooth to floccular material (proteinosis), sloughed-off epithelial cells, and few heterophils. Occasional tubular epithelial cells contain up to 10, 10-15 μm, intracytoplasmic, retractile, amphophilic ellipsoidal organisms obscuring the cytoplasm and nucleus. These organisms contain two apical polar capsules, approximately 2 μm in diameter, and basophilic nuclear material in between polar capsules (morphology suggestive of myxozoans). Similar organisms are also present in tubular lumina, ...

Increased TGF-β1 and MCP-1 expression has been reported in many fibrotic diseases 21. TGF-β1 is a cytokine that is expressed in the kidney in association with the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis 22. MCP-1 plays a role in the chemotaxis and activation of monocytes and macrophages. Tubulointerstitial injury is related to monocyte and macrophage infiltration, which stimulates the ingrowth of activated neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and subsequent T cell infiltration and in turn stimulates the growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes 23. MCP-1 also stimulates the expression of IL-6, cell adhesion molecules, and other inflammatory factors that contribute to renal tubular fibrosis 24.. TGF-β1 has been hypothesized to participate in the initiation and progression of early immune renal tubular injury and the formation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis 25. Yamumoto et al. 17. examined renal tissues from patients with different types of renal disease. Patients with thin basement membrane ...

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis is usually asymptomatic, presenting with slowly progressive renal impairment. Urinalysis may be normal or show low-grade proteinuria (

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

Supporting transcellular Cl absorption, apical membranes of both amphibian and mammalian proximal tubules bring Cl into the cell from the tubule lumen in exchange for organic anions such as oxalate and formate via isoforms of the SLC family of multifunctional anion exchangers (6, 7, 24, 81, 87, 152, 179, 181), and the basolateral membrane offers Cl channels that permit the exit of intracellular Cl into the renal interstitium (7, 149, 151). Supporting transcellular Cl secretion, same cells employ Cl/HCO3 exchange to bring Cl into the cell from the renal interstitium (2, 90, 117, 141, 193), and the apical membrane offers Cl channels that allow the efflux of Cl into the tubule lumen (1, 31, 99, 182). Thus amphibian and mammalian proximal tubules express the transporters for absorptive as well as secretory Cl transport (Fig. 10). Whether net transcellular Cl transport proceeds in the direction of absorption or secretion depends on many variables, among them 1) the relative number and activity of ...

Hidden causes of Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis including causal conditions & diseases, associated medical conditions, and misdiagnosis of overlooked causes.

Mathematical physiology. My main research interest is the application of mathematics to biological systems, specifically, mathematical modeling of renal physiology. Current projects involve (1) the development of mathematical models of the mammalian kidney and the application of these models to investigate the mechanism by which some mammals (and birds) can produce a urine that has a much higher osmolality than that of blood plasma; (2) the study of the origin of the irregular oscillations exhibited by the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system, which regulates fluid delivery into renal tubules, in hypertensive rats; (3) the investigation of the interactions of the TGF system and the urine concentrating mechanism; (4) the development of a dynamic epithelial transport model of the proximal tubule and the incorporation of that model into a TGF framework. Multiscale numerical methods. I develop multiscale numerical methods---multi-implicit Picard integral deferred correction methods---for the ...

Although all three of these proteins are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), activation of AVPR1A and AVPR1B stimulate phospholipase C, while activation of AVPR2 stimulates adenylate cyclase.[2] These three receptors for vasopressin have unique tissue distributions. AVPR1A are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, platelets, brain cells, and uterus cells. AVPR1B are expressed in cells of the anterior pituitary and throughout the brain, especially in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA2 field. AVPR2 are expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer, the last two being associated with alternative splicing. ...

The strengths of this popular text - its conciseness and logical progression through renal physiology and pathophysiology - are retained in the 4th edition. The text has been updated throughout, and the content has been expanded to make the book eminently suitable for systems-based courses. The book is designed for the needs of medical undergraduates but many doctors are likely to find it useful too.Lote, Christopher J. is the author of Principles of Renal Physiology, published 2000 under ISBN 9780792361787 and ISBN 0792361784. [read more] ...

o Transport of calcium may be affected, leading to accumulation of that element in renal tubule cells.. At an overall tissue level, the kidney may develop tolerance to uranium exposure after repeated or chronic exposure, but this is associated with regenerated cells with a degraded brush border. Impairment of function can be associated with such tolerance. For example, tolerant animals have been observed to exhibit high urine volumes and a diminished glomerular filtration rate. It has been concluded that acquired tolerance to acute affects does not prevent chronic damage. (Leggett 1989). Conventionally, it has been assumed that if kidney concentrations of uranium are maintained at less than 3 m g/g, symptoms of clinical toxicity will be avoided. However, this limiting concentration was based on tests of limited sensitivity and on criteria for toxicity that are less stringent than would now be employed. In view of these considerations, it has been suggested (Leggett 1989) that it may be prudent ...

This study shows that 8- to 9-week type 1 diabetes induces an increase in mitochondrial FA β-oxidation without defects in the electron transport and identifies oxidation of FA rather than glycolysis-derived substrate (pyruvate) oxidation as the source of mitochondrial ROS in diabetic tubules. Because more than 90% of kidney cortex consists of proximal tubules, our results can be attributed to proximal tubule mitochondria. These changes in mitochondria coexist with renal structural and functional modifications consistent with the early stage of DN (35,36).. Diabetic cortical tubule mitochondria reach maximal respiratory rates with glutamate when oxidation is coupled with and depends on phosphorylation of ADP, and do not further increase when the control of oxidation by phosphorylation is eliminated by the uncoupler. These data show that the control site of oxidative phosphorylation is located at the level of glutamate oxidation to form NADH or electron transport rather than at the level of the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A renal dopamine-1 receptor defect in two genetic models of hypertension. AU - Felder, R. A.. AU - Kinoshita, S.. AU - Sidhu, A.. AU - Ohbu, K.. AU - Kaskel, Frederick J.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - Dopamine (DA), via DA-1 receptors, regulates Na+ transport in the kidneys. Dopamine is synthesized from L-DOPA in the proximal tubule and presumably secreted as an autocrine/paracrine substance to stimulate DA-1 receptors localized on proximal tubular cells. We have previously reported the presence of DA-1 receptors in renal cortical homogenates and on the isolated proximal tubule of the rat and rabbit, consistent with the dopamine autocrine/paracrine model. We have localized DA-1 receptors in the proximal straight tubule of the rabbit, and in the cortical collecting duct of the rabbit and rat, but not in the distal collecting tubule or the cortical thick ascending loop of Henle. The presence of functional DA-1 receptors has been substantiated by the coexistence of DA-1 ...

Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of Disorders of Kidney Tubules from the Home Version of the Merck Manuals.

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules. ...

The balance between salt excretion and absorption in the kidney tubules is a major determinant of vascular volume homeostasis and systemic blood pressure. The k...

Summary of TRPV5 expression in human tissue. Kidney tubules, adrenal gland, macrophages of lung, stomach and cells in seminiferous ducts showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and membranous positivity. Subset cell of gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, follicle cells, exocrine glandular cells, Leydig cells and salivary gland showed moderate cytoplasmic positivity. Remaining normal tissues were weakly stained or negative.

Elevated urinary calcium occurs by 1 of 3 primary mechanisms, as follows: The filtered load of calcium is abnormally increased without an adequate compensatory increase in tubular calcium reabsorptio... more

The distal tubule is actually two things, the regular, straight distal tuble and the more kinked distal convoluted tubule. It is a part of the nephron i...

Types peripheral cortical cysts cortical tubules cysts Etiology simple renal cortical cysts (retention cysts) obstructive cortical cysts (...)

A mathematical model previously formulated by us predicts that limit-cycle oscillations (LCO) in nephron flow are mediated by tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and that the LCO arise from a bifurcation that depends heavily on the feedback gain magnitude, γ, and on its relationship to a theoretically determined critical value of gain, γc. In this study, we used that model to show how sustained perturbations in proximal tubule flow, a common experimental maneuver, can initiate or terminate LCO by changing the values of γ and γc, thus changing the sign of γ - γc. This result may help explain experiments in which intratubular pressure oscillations were initiated by the sustained introduction or removal of fluid from the proximal tubule (Leyssac PP and Baumbach L. Acta Physiol Scand 117: 415-419, 1983). In addition, our model predicts that, for a range of TGF sensitivities, sustained perturbations that initiate or terminate LCO can yield substantial and abrupt changes in both distal NaCl delivery ...

Certainly when the almost urine got to distal tubule 85% of the water had been already reabsorbed and all that had to be done was to finish up this process. In fact only 1% was supposed to go beyond the rather uniform looking cells of the distal tubule.. Gradually, however, our views began to change and through the advances in physiology, biochemistry and histology a different picture began to emerge. Nobody could have dreamed of the variety of cells in both the distal tubule and the collecting system. In a healthy person or animal, things seemed simple indeed, but let a defect or two creep in and then we begin to see the dragons.. We already understand quite a bit about what can happen. If we go back one page (to page 11) we note that the very first part of the distal tubule has cells with the characteristics of those of the thick ascending loop of Henle. These cells are marked in yellow and include the macula densa. A defect in these cells leads to Bartter s syndrome.. Next, come the cells (in ...

Principal Investigator：Nakagawa Shunsaku, Project Period (FY)：2016-04-01 - 2018-03-31, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Research Field：Medical pharmacy

Increased amounts of protein, in particular albumin within renal tubular cells (TBCs), induce the expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators, which are adverse prognostic factors in tubulointerstitial fibrosis and diabetic nephropathy (DN). We sought to assess the participation of the thiol-linked tertiary structure of albumin in the mechanism of protein toxicity in a model of TBCs.Cultur ...

A plant cutter apparatus has a tubular handling rod having a first end portion and a second end portion. A drive shaft extends through the handling rod and is mounted for undergoing rotation. A drive source unit is mounted on the first end portion of the handling rod for rotationally driving the drive shaft. A cutter blade is connected to the drive shaft for rotation therewith. A clutch case has a first mounting portion connected to the first end portion of the handling rod, a flexible coupling portion extending from the first mounting portion toward the drive source unit, and a second mounting portion extending from the flexible coupling portion and connected to drive source unit. The second mounting portion has an axial fitting hole for receiving the first end portion of the handling rod so that the first end portion of the handling rod is axially slid able therein. The first mounting portion, the flexible coupling portion and the second mounting portion of the clutch case extend sequentially along an

Kidney Reabsorption - Kidney reabsorption ensures the body gets the small molecules it needs back from the filtrate. Go step by step through the kidney reabsorption process.

Arturo Nicola Natali, Emanuele Luigi Carniel, Alessandro Frigo, Piero Giovanni Pavan, Silvia Todros, Paola Pachera, Chiara Giulia Fontanella, Alessandro Rubini, Laura Cavicchioli, Yochai Avital, Giulia Maria De ...

Hello!!!. I have a trouble, im design a questionnaire with questions and sections that i need to know about what kind of stress have my students, the problems its i need consult and individual response to see his feedback for a student, or a way to identificate the worst responses.. The responses.. ...

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Needle-guided tumor destruction procedures offer near equivalent lengths of local cancer control compared with surgery for patients with small kidney cance

Histopathology of the kidney tissue(10×)2/weeks post-exposure to ZAL (A),ZA (B) and vehicle control (C). G, glomerulus; T, renal tubule. The kidney tissue was

BioAssay record AID 785333 submitted by ChEMBL: Open TG-GATES: Regimen: Daily Repeat; Time: 4 day; Dose: High; Route: Gavage | Dataset: Pathology; Tissue: Kidney; Assay: Tubular Epithelium, Change, Basophilic; Study_ID: 172/13.

BioAssay record AID 782660 submitted by ChEMBL: Open TG-GATES: Regimen: Daily Repeat; Time: 29 day; Dose: Low; Route: Gavage | Dataset: Pathology; Tissue: Kidney; Assay: Renal Tubule, Dilatation, Cystic; Study_ID: 128/8.

Most of the time, an eGFR between 60 and 89 means your kidneys are healthy and working well. But if you have Stage 2 kidney disease, this means you have other signs of kidney damage even though your eGFR is normal. Signs of kidney damage could be protein in your urine (pee) or physical damage to your kidneys ...