View mouse Fermt1 Chr2:132904389-132945906 with: phenotypes, sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function, expression

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that usually develops in areas of the body where sweat is produced (sweat glands). The largest of these sweat-producing sites and also the most common location where microcystic adnexal carcinoma develops is the central face. The cancer forms when a change (mutation) in DNA causes certain cells to grow out of control, sometimes forming a lump or a tumor. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma may also occur in the general head and neck regions. Some of these cancerous cells can break off and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body and grow there.. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma most commonly occurs in adults between the ages of 40 and 60, though it can appear in all age groups. Factors that may increase the risk of developing microcystic adnexal carcinoma include excess exposure to sunlight, sunburn, and a family history of skin cancer. The most common symptoms of microcystic adnexal carcinoma include redness, inflammation, and irritation of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Microcystic adnexal carcinoma. T2 - an unpredictable aggressive neoplasm.. AU - Hamm, J. C.. AU - Argenta, L. C.. AU - Swanson, N. A.. PY - 1987/8. Y1 - 1987/8. N2 - Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous neoplasm that has been recently recognized as a distinct entity. Typically it appears as a papular, flesh-colored mass on the face of women patients. Because of its benign appearance, it is often present for months or years before diagnosis. Histologically, there is a paucity of mitotic figures and other criteria usually associated with aggressive lesions. In this article we discuss 3 cases of microcystic adnexal carcinoma, each presenting as a small, localized lesion but all requiring extensive surgical extirpation with margin control using the Mohs tissue resection technique.. AB - Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous neoplasm that has been recently recognized as a distinct entity. Typically it appears as a ...

Dermatopathology reference describes microcystic adnexal carcinoma histopathology including histologic features and provides links to additional medical references.

Hair Restoration News: Lactate Influences Hair Follicle Stem Cells. New study suggests that Lactate may influence hair follicle stem cells in a dose dependent manner. What is Lactate? Lactate regulates human metabolism and is known for being able to stimulate collagen synthesis and vessel growth. Lately it has been shown that lactate, in vivo, may have a role to play in the proliferation of stem cells. Click Lactate Influences Hair Follicle Stem Cells for complete coverage on this topic and our community discussion.. ...

Stress-induced alopecia in mice characterize premature onset of catagen accompanied by apoptosis predominantly in bulge region of hair follicle, the residence of stem cells and transit-amplifying cells. However, our understanding still elucidated which type of bulge cells have been more sensitive destroyed, if these attack would be associated with irreversible hair growth inhibition, and whether the gender difference existed or not. Therefore, we investigated stress-induced bulge region apoptosis using LRCs (BrdU) and NOVEL transit-amplifying cell marker (CD98) in chronic stress mouse model. Using anti-BrdU, anti-CD98 antibodies and TUNEL kit, triple-immunofluoresce method was performed to study hair follicle bulge region apoptosis. Statistical analysis was done by the Mann-Whitney U/Wilcoxon rank tests (SAS ver. 9.0). High levels of BrdU- and CD98-positive cells expressed in bulge region, and expression of CD98-positive cells were more expressed than that of BrdU. Intrafollicular apoptosis was ...

The major goal of regenerative medicine is to repair tissues lost to injury, aging or disease. It is interesting that in terms of tissue repair (wound healing), not all organs are equal. For instance, the skin has a remarkable capacity to rapidly heal itself whereas the heart and brain are far less capable of doing so. Understanding how the skin is so efficient at repairing itself may thus provide information on how to speed up repair in other organs. The wound-healing program in the skin is the culmination of an extensive communication between different cells in this organ including keratinocytes in the epidermis, fibroblasts in the dermis, cells in the hair follicle and immune cells that reside in the skin. How all these different cells communicate with each other to coordinate their activities to rebuild an injured tissue is a key question in the field. In particular, researchers in the IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory at inStem, directed by Dr. Colin Jamora, focused on how different ...

Title: Immunophenotyping of the human bulge region: The quest to define useful in situ markers for human epithelial hair follicle stem cells and their ...

Background. Emerging researches revealed the essential role of mitochondria in regulating stem/progenitor cell differentiation of neural progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and other stem cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), Notch or other signaling pathway. And inhibition of mitochondrial synthesis protein resulted in extension of hair loss upon injury. However, alteration of mitochondrial morphology and metabolic function during hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) differentiation and how it affects hair regeneration has not been elaborated. Methods. We compared the difference between telogen bulge cells and anagen matrix cells in mitochondrial morphology and activity. Expression levels of mitochondrial ROS and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were measured for evaluating redox balance. Besides, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were detected to present the change in energetic metabolism during differentiation. To explore the effect of the mitochondrial

COPYRIGHT (C) 2016 KISTI. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.. 대전광역시 유성구 대학로 245 한국과학기술정보연구원TEL : 042.869.1234 서울시 동대문구 회기로 66NDSL고객센터 : 080.969.4114E-mail : [email protected] ...

Looking for online definition of Brooke-Fordyce trichoepithelioma in the Medical Dictionary? Brooke-Fordyce trichoepithelioma explanation free. What is Brooke-Fordyce trichoepithelioma? Meaning of Brooke-Fordyce trichoepithelioma medical term. What does Brooke-Fordyce trichoepithelioma mean?

Espada et al. (2008) addressed the question of the involvement of stem cell regulation in progeria by using Zmpste24−/− mice, which display age-related nuclear lamina defects and progeroid-like symptoms (Pendas et al., 2002). They focused on a well-characterized stem cell niche, the bulge cells of the hair follicle, where they found increased numbers of resident stem cells with decreased proliferative potential accompanied by accumulation of the unprocessed pre-lamin A and altered nuclear architecture.. Espada et al. (2008) next investigated the effects of Zmpste24 depletion on the differentiation capacity of hair follicle stem cells. They used either tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, a tumor-promoting agent, which is known to induce both proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells, or calcium shock. Unlike the differentiation defects observed in mesenchymal stem cells expressing progerin/LAΔ50, bulge stem cell differentiation in the absence of Zmpste24 appeared normal ...

Fermitin family homolog 3) (FERMT3), also known as kindlin-3 (KIND3), MIG2-like protein (MIG2B), or unc-112-related protein 2 (URP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FERMT3 gene. The kindlin family of proteins, member of the B4.1 superfamily, comprises three conserved protein homologues, kindlin 1, 2, and 3. They each contain a bipartite FERM domain comprising four subdomains F0, F1, F2, and F3 that show homology with the FERM head (H) domain of the cytoskeletal Talin protein. Kindlins have been linked to Kindler syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, cancer and other acquired human diseases. They are essential in the organisation of focal adhesions that mediate cell-extracellular matrix junctions and are involved in other cellular compartments that control cell-cell contacts and nucleus functioning. Therefore, they are responsible for cell to cell crosstalk via cell-cell contacts and integrin mediated cell adhesion through focal adhesion proteins and as specialised adhesion ...

Histopathology: Multiple trichoepithelioma lesions have distinct boundaries. Keratocyst is the most special histological feature. It consists of completely keratinized center and surrounding basophil granulocytes. The morphology of the latter is the same as that of the cells in basal cell epithelioma. Keratinization abruptly, unlike gradual and incomplete keratinization in squamous cell carcinoma keratinization beads. One or several layers of cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and large oval bullous nuclei, commonly found between basophils and keratocysts. The second major component of this tumor is tumor island, which is composed of basophils like basaloid cell tumor, and often arranged in lace-like or adenoid reticular structure. Occasionally or aggregated into solid lumps. The cells around these tumor islands are arranged in a grid and surrounded by interstitial cells containing a moderate amount of fibroblasts. Single trichoepithelioma is only used to show damage highly differentiated into ...

Identifying and mimicking the signals that regulate stem cell self‐renewal, differentiation and maintenance in a petri dish is crucial to faithfully recapitulate stem cell behaviour in vitro. In this issue, Chacón‐Martínez et al (2017) describe novel culture conditions that allow the long‐term expansion and maintenance of functional murine hair follicle stem cells. This exciting discovery provides a faithful platform to study hair follicle stem cells in vitro and potentially perform drug screening for skin and hair follicle disorders.. See also: CA Chacón‐Martínez et al (January 2017) ...

The focus of my laboratory is the understanding of basic mechanisms that regulate the fate of stem cells within tissues. We are currently studying skin and hair follicle stem cells using cell culture and the mouse as model systems. Hair follicle stem cells reside in their niche in a quiescent state, but become rapidly activated in response to homeostatic and injury signals to regenerate the tissue. We are analyzing the physiological role of several genes implicated in different aspects of stem cell activation, self-renewal, and differentiation. Our general focus is on stem cell fate choice by epigenetic regulation, transcription regulation via specific developmental transcription factors, and chromatin modifying factors. Additionally, we recently began to explore the potential implication of our genes of interest in cancer.. ...

Your hair -- or lack of hair -- is the result of a lifelong tug-of-war between activators that wake up, and inhibitors that calm, stem cells in every hair

Lim X, Tan SH, Yu KL, Lim SB, Nusse R. Axin2 marks quiescent hair follicle bulge stem cells that are maintained by autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016;113(11):E1498-505. Abstract ...

Lim X, Tan SH, Yu KL, Lim SB, Nusse R. Axin2 marks quiescent hair follicle bulge stem cells that are maintained by autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016;113(11):E1498-505. Abstract ...

Multiple familial trichoepithelioma can be caused by mutations in the CYLD gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps regulate nuclear factor-kappa-B. Nuclear factor-kappa-B is a group of related proteins that help protect cells from self-destruction (apoptosis) in response to certain signals. In regulating the action of nuclear factor-kappa-B, the CYLD protein allows cells to respond properly to signals to self-destruct when appropriate, such as when the cells become abnormal. By this mechanism, the CYLD protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it helps prevent cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way.. People with CYLD-related multiple familial trichoepithelioma are born with a mutation in one of the two copies of the CYLD gene in each cell. This mutation prevents the cell from making functional CYLD protein from the altered copy of the gene. However, enough protein is usually produced from the other, normal copy of the gene to ...

Principal Investigator：OHYAMA Manabu, Project Period (FY)：2006 - 2008, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Section：一般, Research Field：Dermatology

The burgeoning field of stem cell research is expanding beyond the initial studies that involved localizing, isolating and culturing of the cells. How stem cell homeostasis is regulated is now the focus of current research. Even more nascent is the idea of how homeostasis is regulated from signals outside the defined stem cell niche or microenvironment. The extra-niche area is defined as the Macroenvironment. This includes adjacent tissue, distant organ systems and even the external environment. To investigate the macroenviroment as a stem cell regulator, hair follicle stem cell interactions with 1)adjacent tissues (subcutaneous adipose tissue), 2)remote signalling (neuroendocrine signalling), and 3)the external environment (circadian rhythms) were studied. Capitalizing on recent work that highlighted inhibitory Bmp2 signalling from the subcutaneous adipose tissue to be in phase with quiescent telogen and non-propogating autonomous anagen portions of the hair cycle we investigate the post-natal ...

Mastery - Your advice on eliminating oils is really fantastic advice. I feel that emphasis on avoidance of using oils when cooking and avoiding bad oils in gen

The Role of Bcl-2, CD10 and CD34 Expression in Differentiation between Basal Cell Carcinoma and Trichoepithelioma. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Beta-catenin signaling is required for hair follicle development and regeneration which are involved in the resuscitation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). To further characterize the role of beta-catenin in the regulation of proliferation of HFSCs, the beta-catenin expression was measured in the defined stages of hair follicle cycle and the proliferative potency was determined by using an in vitro cell growth assay. Our results showed that activation of beta-catenin correlated with HFSCs proliferation, which appeared to be mediated by the nuclear translocation of stabilized beta-catenin and the activation of responsible cell cycle genes (cyclin D1 and p21). In addition, PI3K/Akt pathway was also involved in the HFSCs proliferation, partly regulated by beta-catenin signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that beta-catenin is an essential factor in the regulation of HFSCs proliferation via PI3K/Akt pathway and might be a potential therapeutic target for the regulation of the yield of ...

SerumScoop - Tips, tricks and news blog for RevivSerums.com Find the latest and greatest when it comes to breakthrough cosmetic chemistry technology related to aging skin and thinning hair, lashes & brows.

The liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) also known as NR5A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR5A2 gene.[1][2] LRH-1 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. LRH-1 plays a critical role in the regulation of development, cholesterol transport, bile acid homeostasis and steroidogenesis.[3][4][5] LRH-1 is important for maintaining pluripotence of stem cells during embryonic development.[6] ...

Looking for online definition of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma in the Medical Dictionary? desmoplastic trichoepithelioma explanation free. What is desmoplastic trichoepithelioma? Meaning of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma medical term. What does desmoplastic trichoepithelioma mean?

In the last decade, great advances have been made in epidermal stem cell studies at the cellular and molecular level. These studies reported various subpopulations and differentiations existing in the epidermal stem cell. Although controversies and unknown issues remain, epidermal stem cells possess an immune-privileged property in transplantation together with easy accessibility, which is favorable for future clinical application. In this review, we will summarize the biological characteristics of epidermal stem cells, and their potential in orthopedic regenerative medicine. Epidermal stem cells play a critical role via cell replacement, and demonstrate significant translational potential in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases, including treatment for wound healing, peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury, and even muscle and bone remodeling.

To the Editor:. Misago et al1 have recently published 6 cases of infundibular (follicular) and 2 examples of infundibulocystic squamous cell carcinoma and have redefined the original criteria for both follicular squamous cell carcinoma and infundibulocystic squamous cell carcinoma.2,3 They propose that the term infundibular squamous cell carcinoma was synonymous with follicular squamous cell carcinoma, and infundibulocystic carcinoma was a distinctive tumor sharing features with microcystic adnexal carcinoma.. In the initial description of 16 examples of follicular squamous cell carcinoma by Diaz-Cascajo et al,2 these squamous cell carcinomas arose in follicles and formed nodular tumors that replaced the follicles but did not demonstrate follicular differentiation even when the tumor infiltrated the surrounding tissue. From a clinical perspective, follicular squamous cell carcinomas in the original study were described as dermal nodules that did not resemble keratoacanthoma and were diagnosed as ...

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a low-grade malignant tumor of the skin. Histologically, this tumor shows a biphasic pattern, with cords and nests of basaloid cells, as well as keratin horn cysts. This biphasic histological appearance has been interpreted by some authors as a sign of double eccrine and folliculosebaceous-apocrine differentiation, whereas some other authors defend a solely eccrine differentiation. In this context, sebaceous differentiation in MAC would support the first option. However, there are only 3 cases of MAC with sebaceous differentiation in the literature, and all of them were reported before adipophilin was available, which in the appropriate context (eg, testing clear cells for sebaceous vs eccrine differentiation) is very useful ...

Skin repair after injury is a complex process, which involves recruitment of distinct populations of undifferentiated progenitor cells from adjacent HFs into regenerating epidermis (Blanpain and Fuchs, 2009; Cotsarelis, 2006; Gurtner et al., 2008; Lau et al., 2009). The data presented in this manuscript unravel a previously unrecognized role for Lhx2 in the promotion of epidermal regeneration after wounding and demonstrate that Lhx2 operates as one of the key regulators controlling the differential response of the distinct populations of the HF stem cells to skin injury.. We show that Lhx2+ cells residing in the bulge and secondary hair germ of the HF represent the vast majority of cells that proliferate after skin injury in mice and expand in number in the HF outer root sheath in human skin (Fig. 2). This suggests a high degree of conservation of the molecular control of the wound healing response between humans and mice. Although the precise choreography of the molecular events by which Lhx2 ...

In multi-cellular organisms, cell-cell contacts that are mediated by classical cadherins have essential roles in many fundamental processes, such as morphogenesis, maintenance of tissue integrity, wound healing and cell polarity. Furthermore, there is overwhelming evidence that the adherens junctions (AJs) are also an important tumor and/or invasion suppressor. Alpha-catenin is the protein that connects E-cadherin-beta-catenin complexes with the actin cytoskeleton. Although it was previously considered to be a solely structural protein, it has become increasingly clear that alpha-catenin has a central role in both assembling the actin cytoskeleton and regulating its dynamics at cell-cell junctions thus regulating cell polarity. Cell-polarity mechanisms are responsible not only for the diversification of cell shapes but also for regulation of the asymmetric cell divisions of stem cells that are crucial for their correct self-renewal and differentiation. Disruption of cell polarity is a hallmark ...

Cited in: It has been suggested that the bulge of the hair follicle contains a pool of follicular stem cells that may serve as a target site of graft-versus-host disease and as a source of cells with carcinogenic potential. The bulge is prominent in the developing follicle although it is a subtle swelling in the adult follicle. In this paper, we studied the bulge in human fetal skin specimens. Ultrastructurally, the bulge cells, especially the interior cells, have abundant free ribosomes and glycogen particles, but almost no cytoplasmic organelles indicative of differentiation. Immunostaining with several specific anti-keratin antibodies demonstrated that the bulge cells express keratins of both stratified and simple epithelia. Melanocytes and Merkel cells, defined by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural criteria, are seen among bulge cells. Laser confocal microscopy revealed that primitive smooth muscle cells attached directly to the bulge initially at the mid-bulbous hair peg, the stage ...

Its only when you look below the surface of the skin, that you begin to see the complexity of the hair follicle. Just a short distance under the skin, within a part of the hair follicle called the bulge ... there exists cells that have the potential to become neurons, muscle cells and pigment producing cells. Scientists can now easily identify these cells because they contain a protein called nestin.. For example, if these special hair follicle cells are transplanted (i.e. into a mouse) they can become blood vessels and neural tissue. Further research is needed to understand the full potential of the hair follicle.. Reference. Hoffman RM. The potential of nestin-expressing hair follicle stem cells in regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007. ...

Background: BCL-2 overexpression is frequently detected in nonmelanoma skin cancer. In normal skin, BCL-2 expression is restricted to the basal cell layer and the hair follicle bulge. Both contain stem cells targeted by carcinogens upon initiation of mouse skin carcinogenesis. It is unknown whether the anti-apoptotic activity of BCL-2 is involved in the susceptibility of this cell type to malignant transformation. If so, extending the pool of BCL-2-expressing cells to suprabasal skin layers should increase the likelihood of skin tumour formation. Materials and Methods: To resolve this issue, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line overexpressing BCL-2 in suprabasal layers of the epidermis. The influence of suprabasal BCL-2 on tumour formation was then tested by chemically inducing skin cancer using the two-stage initiation-promotion protocol. Results: Bcl-2 expression neither influenced the incidence nor the multiplicity of papillomas upon chemical tumour induction with ...

Peña-Jimenez D, Fontenete S, Megias D, Fustero-Torre C, Graña-Castro O, Castellana D, Loewe R, Perez-Moreno M. Lymphatic vessels interact dynamically with the hair follicle stem cell niche during skin regeneration in vivo. EMBO J. 2019 Oct 1;38(19):e101688. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019101688. PMID: 31475747.. Epidermal Stem Cell Niche. Vol 3. 1st Edition. 2019 Aug 9, Editor. Mirna Perez-Moreno. Academic Press, Elsevier. ISBN 9780128184462. eBook ISBN: 9780128184479.. Fontenete S, Perez-Moreno M. Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells from Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1879:407-414. Doi: 10.1007/7651_2018_162.PMID: 29790094.. Fontenete S, Peña-Jimenez D, Perez-Moreno M. Heterocellular cadherin connections: coordinating adhesive cues in homeostasis and cancer. F1000Res. 2017. Jun 27;6:1010. Doi: 10.12688/f1000research.11357.1. PMID: 28721207.. Shahbazi MN, Peña-Jimenez D, Antonucci F, Drosten M, Perez-Moreno M. Clasp2 ensures mitotic fidelity and prevents differentiation of epidermal ...

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This trial will investigate the efficacy and tolerability of sonolisib [PX 866] in patients with glioblastoma multiforme at time of first relapse or

Less Common Skin Cancers. Merkel Cell Carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer. It arises from Merkel cells in the lower part of the epidermis. Merkel cells are similar to nerve cells and give the skin touch sensation. Treatment involves a team approach from physicians with significant experience with the disease.. Atypical Fibroxanthoma is thought to arise from the dermis, which is deeper than the epidermis, the source of most other skin cancers. It classically appears on the face or scalp as a reddish, sometimes glistening plaque (broad, raised area on the skin).. Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma is thought to be derived from cells that produce the adnexal structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands in the skin. It classically occurs on the face. It may have a deceivingly benign appearance and may be mistaken for a common melanocytic nevus (mole ...

The human body has many types of stem cells that have the potential to regenerate other organs, said Dr. Ito. The methods behind communication between stem cells of hair and color during hair replacement may give us important clues to regenerate complex organs containing many different types of cells. Using genetic mouse models, researchers were able to examine how Wnt signaling pathways enabled both hair follicle stem cells and melanocyte stem cells to work together to generate hair growth and produce hair color. Research also showed the depletion (or inhibition or abnormal) Wnt signaling in hair follicle stem cells not only inhibits hair re-growth but also prevents melanocytes stem cell activation required for producing hair color. The lack of Wnt activation in melanocyte stem cells leads to depigmented or gray hair. The study raises the possibility that Wnt signaling is a key pathway for the regulation of melanocyte stem cells and shows how melanocyte behavior is associated with hair ...

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as common baldness, is characterized by a marked decrease in hair follicle size, which could be related to the loss of hair follicle stem or progenitor cells. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed bald and non-bald scalp from AGA individuals for the presence of hair follicle stem and progenitor cells. Cells expressing cytokeratin15 (KRT15), CD200, CD34, and integrin, α6 (ITGA6) were quantitated via flow cytometry. High levels of KRT15 expression correlated with stem cell properties of small cell size and quiescence. These KRT15hi stem cells were maintained in bald scalp samples. However, CD200hiITGA6hi and CD34hi cell populations - which both possessed a progenitor phenotype, in that they localized closely to the stem cell-rich bulge area but were larger and more proliferative than the KRT15hi stem cells - were markedly diminished. In functional assays, analogous CD200hiItga6hi cells from murine hair follicles were multipotent and generated new hair ...

Beta-caryophyllene is an odoriferous bicyclic sesquiterpene found in various herbs and spices. Recently, it was found that beta-caryophyllene is a ligand of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). Activation of CB2 will decrease pain, a major signal for inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that beta-caryophyllene can affect wound healing by decreasing inflammation. Here we show that cutaneous wounds of mice treated with beta-caryophyllene had enhanced re-epithelialization. The treated tissue showed increased cell proliferation and cells treated with beta-caryophyllene showed enhanced cell migration, suggesting that the higher re-epithelialization is due to enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration. The treated tissues also had up-regulated gene expression for hair follicle bulge stem cells. Olfactory receptors were not involved in the enhanced wound healing. Transient Receptor Potential channel genes were up-regulated in the injured skin exposed to beta-caryophyllene. Interestingly, there were sex

Multiple familial trichoepithelioma (also known as Brooke-Spiegler syndrome and epithelioma adenoides cysticum) is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple cystic and solid nodules appearing on the face. The classification of this syndrome is difficult. Three conditions are known to be caused by mutations in the CYLD gene: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and familial cylindromatosis. Clinically, these are distinct, but appear to arise from mutations in the same gene. Types include: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a condition where multiple skin tumors develop from skin structures. Tumors commonly occurring in this syndrome include spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, and cylindromas. The tumors are generally benign, but may become malignant. Affected individuals are also at increased risk of developing tumors in tissues other than skin - particularly benign or malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Tumours in Brooke-Spiegler typically appear in early adulthood ...

Using an epigenetic mark associated specifically with the histones of enhancers, first author Rene Adam, a graduate student in the lab, and colleagues, identified 377 of these high-powered gene-amplifying regions in hair follicle stem cells. The majority of these super-enhancers were bound by at least five transcription factors, often including Sox9. Then, they compared the stem cell super-enhancers to those of short-lived stem cell progeny, which have begun to choose a fate, and so lost the plasticity of stem cells. These two types of cells shared only 32 percent of their super-enhancers, suggesting these regions played an important role in skin cell identity. By switching off super-enhancers associated with stem cell genes, these genes were silenced while new super-enhancers were being activated to turn on hair genes ...

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as common baldness, is characterized by a marked decrease in hair follicle size, which could be related to the loss of hair follicle stem or progenitor cells. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed bald and non-bald scalp from AGA individuals for the presence of hair follicle stem and progenitor cells. Cells expressing cytokeratin15 (KRT15), CD200, CD34, and integrin, α6 (ITGA6) were quantitated via flow cytometry. High levels of KRT15 expression correlated with stem cell properties of small cell size and quiescence. These KRT15hi stem cells were maintained in bald scalp samples. However, CD200hiITGA6hi and CD34hi cell populations - which both possessed a progenitor phenotype, in that they localized closely to the stem cell-rich bulge area but were larger and more proliferative than the KRT15hi stem cells - were markedly diminished. In functional assays, analogous CD200hiItga6hi cells from murine hair follicles were multipotent and generated new hair ...

Recent studies in the Tumbar Laboratory have identified heterogenous domains in the interfollicular epidermis of skin based on gene expression patterns. These heterogenous domains are inhabited by two types of stem cells; slow cycling label retaining cells (LRCs) and fast cycling non-LRCs. My work has focused on identifying genetic markers for the slow cycling LRCs. I critically investigated previous microarray data obtained from LRCs and nonLRC analysis to identify genes that were preferentially expressed in LRC domains. Two new potential markers of epidermal LRCs have been identified, however, based on immunofluorescent studies, these two genes were not found to overlap with the strongest LRCs. Instead they overlapped with LRCs that had partially reduced label. These gene expression domains are also spatiotemporally dynamic. Therefore, these midrange LRCs may indicate a third epidermal stem cell population. This opens the way to further functional studies to elucidate the role of gene ...

Oranje, A.P, Halley, D.J.J, den Hollander, J.C, Teepe, R.G.J, van de Graaf, R, van den Ouweland, A.M.W, & Wagner, A. (2008). Multiple familial trichoepithelioma and familial cylindroma: One cause!. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 22(11), 1395-1396. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02648. ...

Todd Nystul is the author of this article in the Journal of Visualized Experiments: Methods for Imaging Intracellular pH of the Follicle Stem Cell Lineage in Live Drosophila Ovarian Tissue

Fate of pulse-labeled basal keratinocytes in wildtype and BrafV600E explantsTo determine the origin of spinous and granular layer revertants in wildtype and Bra