Our laboratory studies the host-pathogen relationship between viruses and cells to better understand cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the complexities of viral disease. In particular, we study the human JC polyomavirus, which infects the majority of the population and causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the brain of immunosuppressed individuals. Our goal is to understand the basic biology of the virus and JCPyV pathogenesis in order to develop novel treatment options, which are currently very limited.. The Maginnis laboratory is committed to excellence in biomedical research and educational training. We aim to provide a collegial, supportive atmosphere that promotes a passion for scientific curiosity and research excellence in an environment where scientific research is fun and rewarding. We emphasize the importance of asking key scientific questions with creative, open minds to provide meaningful contributions in the fields of ...

JC virus (JCV) is a common human polyomavirus responsible for the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), in immunocompromised individuals. About 5% of AIDS patients develop this currently untreatable fatal disease. Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs inhibit JCV infection of glial cells. Elphick et al. now find that the cellular receptor for JCV on glial cells is a serotonin receptor. The findings contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of PML in AIDS patients and suggest that therapy based on existing serotonin receptor inhibitors may be feasible.. G. F. Elphick, W. Querbes, J. A. Jordan, G. V. Gee, S. Eash, K. Manley, A. Dugan, M. Stanifer, A. Bhatnagar, W. K. Kroeze, B. L. Roth, W. J. Atwood, The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science 306, 1380-1383 (2004). [Abstract] [Full Text]. ...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease caused by human neurotropic JC virus. JCV infects more than 80% of human popul...

One of the major limitations of highly active antiretroviral therapy is its inability to inhibit the replication of polyomavirus JC (JCV), the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an acquired immunodeficiency syndromeâ€defining illness. We previously demonstrated the induction of interferon (IFN)â€stimulated genes (ISGs) by JCV. In the present study, we characterize the specific viral events required to induce ISGs and the potential antiviral effects of type I IFN on JCV replication in human fetal glial cells in the presence and absence of type I IFNs. Productive JCV replication was essential for the induction of the antiviral host response. JCV replication at all steps was significantly inhibited in the presence of IFN, and neutralizing anti-IFN antibody rescued the inhibitory effect of IFN. These results support the use of IFN as an adjunct therapy for patients with PML. Because IFN cannot cross the blood-brain barrier to achieve its direct antiviral ...

JC virus can cause the serious neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients who are immunocompromised. Presence of JC virus antibodies alone is not enough to diagnose PML, however, because the majority of adults who have been exposed to the virus dont develop symptoms

John Cunningham virus (JCV) constitutes a family of polyoma viruses, which plays important roles in the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and tumorigenesis. However, no bibliometric investigation has been reported to guide the researchers and potential readers. Papers were collected from database Sci-expanded and Pubmed until May 22, 2008. The highly-productive authors, institutes and countries, highly-cited authors and journals were ranked. The highly-cited articles were subjected to co-citation and chronological analysis with highly-frequent MeSH words for co-occurrence analysis. Until now, 1785 articles about JCV were indexed in Sci-expanded and 1506 in Pubmed. The main document type was original article. USA, Japan and Italy were the largest three producers about JCV. Temple University published 128 papers and ranked the top, followed by University of Tokyo. Khalili K and Yogo Y became the core authors due to more than 20 documents produced. Journal of Neurovirology published more

The JC virus belongs to the polyoma virus group of the papovavirus family, which are double-stranded DNA viruses without an envelope. BK virus is also in the polyoma virus group. It appears that infection by both viruses occurs during childhood or adolescence, with about 50% of the population demonstrating antibody before adulthood, rising later to 80%-90%. The JC virus localizes to and remains latent in the kidney, from whence it occasionally may reactivate. If a patient becomes immunosuppressed, especially during AIDS, reactivated JC virus can infect lymphocytes, be carried to the brain, infect oligodendroglia glial cells, and produce a demyelinating disease called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. This occurs in about 4% of patients with AIDS. Diagnosis is made through biopsy using immunologic stains containing antibody against polyomavirus. One report applied a homemade nucleic acid probe with PCR amplification to urine of JC virus patients and obtained an excellent detection ...

Treatment with natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) appears linked with JC virus (JCV) infection, which can lead to a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) that destroys the myelin that protects nerve cells.

Human JC polyomavirus (JCV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare but life-threatening demyelinating disease in patients under profound immunosuppression and those receiving therapeutic immunomodulation for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Using persistent mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) infection in mice, we are developing a model of PyV-induced CNS disease to elucidate the role of immunosuppression in PML pathogenesis. Histology revealed corpus callosum demyelination in 100% of persistently infected mice. Following intracerebral injection with MPyV, immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice showed robust infiltration by MPyV-specific CD8 T cells with minimal contraction. During persistent CNS infection, a significant population of CD8 T cells exhibited a tissue-resident memory (Trm) phenotype (CD103+CD69+CD62Llo), as reported for acute VSV and latent HSV-1 infections, and incorporated BrdU in situ, suggesting capacity for self-renewal. Furthermore, these Trm cells develop and ...

On my website I have invited medical practitioners and other health professionals to debate the information that I am providing on Australias vaccination policies. John Cunningham decided to take up this offer in February/March 2014. He is a leader of the Stop the Australian Vaccination Network (SAVN) lobby group and a medical practitioner. When responding to my request he chose to send his opinions in unsolicited emails to members of the public, including UOW academics involved with my research and journalists. This occurred whilst I was a student at the University of Wollongong (UOW).. Here are the corrections to the personal opinions and misinformation provided by John Cunningham in unsolicited emails to members of the public and UOW academics in 2014.. Further, in July 2014 John Cunningham, made a complaint to the University of Wollongong about my research project completed in 2006. This research project was a critique of the Australian governments whooping cough policy and the research ...

Rep. Duke Cunningham (R-Calif.), under fire for his dealings with a military contractor, announced that he will not seek re-election to a ninth term in the House following the end of the 105th Congress. Cunningham also plans to sell his house in San Diego and donate part of the proceeds to three local charities. Cunningham is under investigation by the FBI and several other federal agencies over his relationship with Mitchell Wade, founder of defense contractor MZM Inc. FBI agents raided the homes of both Cunningham and Wade last week, as well as the MZMs offices and boat that Wade owns in Washington that Cunningham has been living on until recently. In explaining his decision to retire, the 64-year-old Cunningham said the growing controversy over his ties to Wade was preventing him from carrying out his official duties, and was likely to carry over into 2006, an election year. Cunningham again insisted that he had done nothing wrong and said he was cooperating with the federal task force ...

Igor Koralnik, MD is an American physician, neurologist and scientist. He is one of the first physicians to study the neurologic complications caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is a leading researcher in the investigation of the polyomavirus JC (JC virus), which causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disease of the central nervous system that occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. Koralnik was born in Geneva, Switzerland on July 20, 1962. He moved to the United States in 1990 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He received his medical degree at the University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland, in 1987. While a medical student, he became interested in a new disease - acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), whose origin in the HIV virus was discovered in 1983. Koralniks doctoral dissertation focused on the early neurological complications of AIDS. He used magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography and other electrophysiologic diagnostic ...

Diseases that result in injury to oligodendrocytes include demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and various leukodystrophies. Trauma to the body, e.g. spinal cord injury, can also cause demyelination. The immature oligodendrocytes, which increase in number during mid-gestation, are more vulnerable to hypoxic injury and are involved in periventricular leukomalacia.[26] This largely congenital condition of damage to the newly forming brain can therefore lead to cerebral palsy. In cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke and possibly multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocytes are thought to be damaged by excessive release of the neurotransmitter, glutamate.[27] Damage has also been shown to be mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.[27] Oligodendrocyte dysfunction may also be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[28]. Oligodendrocytes are also susceptible to infection by the JC virus, which causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a ...

the jc virus, or john cunningham virus, is a germ so common that the majority of adults have been exposed to it. the virus was first discovered in 1971, when a doctor found it in the brain of a man wi

For a comprehensive list of publications, see the PubMed link above. Below is a selection of publications:. Cabral HJ, Tobias C, Rajabiun S, Sohler NL, Cunningham CO, Wong MD, Cunningham WE. Outreach program contacts: Do they increase the likelihood of engagement and retention in HIV primary care for hard-to-reach patients? AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2007 Jun;21(S1):S59-S56.. Cunningham CO, Kunins HV, Roose RJ,Elam RT, Sohler NL. Barriers to Obtaining Waivers to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Addiction Treatment Among HIV Physicians. J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Sep;22(9):1325-9. Epub 2007 Jul 10. PMC2219773. Cunningham CO, Sanchez JP, Heller D, Sohler NL. Assessment of a medical outreach program to improve access to HIV care among marginalized individuals. Am J Public Health. 2007 Oct;97(10):1758-61. Epub 2007 Aug 29. PMC1994196. Cunningham CO, Giovanniello A, Sacajiu G, Whitley S, Mund P, Beil R, Sohler NL. Buprenorphine treatment in an urban community health center: What to expect. Fam Med. 2008 ...

The JC virus is a virus which infects the brain of advanced cancer patients and causes PML-- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. PML can lead to neurologic deficits as indicated in your...

Background and aims: Anti-α4 integrin therapy with natalizumab is efficacious in refractory Crohns disease and in multiple sclerosis, but carries an estimated 1/1000 risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by reactivation of latent JC virus infection. Athough anti-α4 integrin therapies are likely to be introduced in the clinic, screening for the risk of PML has not been developed.. Methods: We prospectively collected urine, serum, plasma and buffy coats from 125 patients with Crohns disease, 100 control subjects with gastrointestinal (GI) disease, and 106 healthy volunteers. Four to eight weeks after this first sample collection, we additionally collected a set of urine, serum, plasma and buffy coat samples from the 125 patients with Crohns disease, and a next set of samples was collected 12-16 weeks after the first collection. JC viral loads were determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and JC virus seroprevalence with a specific ...

The initial site of infection may be the tonsils,[4] or possibly the gastrointestinal tract.[5] The virus then remains latent in the gastrointestinal tract[6] and can also infect the tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys,[7] where it continues to reproduce, shedding virus particles in the urine. JCV can cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system, where it infects oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, possibly through the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor.[8] JC viral DNA can be detected in both non-PML affected and PML-affected (see below) brain tissue.[9] JCV found in the central nervous system of PML patients almost invariably have differences in promoter sequence to the JCV found in healthy individuals. It is thought that these differences in promoter sequence contribute to the fitness of the virus in the CNS and thus to the development of PML.[3] Certain transcription factors present in the early promoter sequences of the JC virus can induce trophism and viral proliferation that ...

Rapid restoration of virus-specific T immunity via adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated T cells has been proven as a powerful therapy for patients with advanced cancers and refractory viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). BK virus (BKV), John Cunningham virus (JCV), and Merkel cell carcinoma virus (MCV) are the members of the rapidly growing human polyomavirus (hPyV) family that commonly infects most healthy humans. These viruses have a clearly established potential for causing severe end-organ damage or malignant transformation, especially in individuals with weakened immunity who are unable to mount or regain endogenous T-cell responses as a result of underlying leukemia or iatrogenic immunosuppression in autoimmunity, bone marrow and solid organ transplant settings ...

Of 41 HIV+ patients, 38 were male (93%) and indications for BM biopsies were lymphoma (20), pancytopenia (8), anemia (6), MGUS (2), polycythemia (2), leucopenia (1), splenomegaly (1), and thrombocytopenia (1). Mean age was 47 (range 32-71), mean CD4 count 211 (2-928), 27% had undetectable plasma HIV RNA, and 75% were on HAART. The 47 HIV- controls, matched for indications for BM biopsy, included 32 males (65%), and mean age was 56 (range 27-93). Quantitative PCR detected JCV DNA in BM samples of 19/41 (46%) HIV+ vs 3/47 (6%) of HIV- (p , 0.001). Preliminary immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments suggest that JCV T antigen is detectable in a fraction of JCV DNA positive bone marrows samples, while JCV VP1 protein was not. Furthermore, JCV was detected by double IHC in some of the plasma cells, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. We then tested fresh BM aspirates, blood and urine samples from 30 HIV- and 6 HIV+ patients. JCV DNA was detectable in 10/36 (28%) fresh BM aspirates, 7/26 (27%) peripheral ...

Last night I took part in an extraordinary event in Musselburgh Grammar School. Organised by Maya, a pupil in S4, One World Night featured an imaginative mix of pupil performance and presentations on humanitarian themes by guest speakers and pupils of MGS and Campie Primary School. The event was warmly compèred by Fiona ODonnell, MP for East Lothian.. MGS Orchestra opened with the Prelude from Charpentiers Te Deum, followed by an arrangement of Over The Rainbow. John Cunningham then gave a presentation on the work of Mercy Corps. MGS Guitar Group performed Tárregas Recuerdos de la Alhambra before Katherine and Roanna described the work of the MGS Amnesty Group and the necessity of speaking out against injustice.. After the interval, six pupil members the local branch of the Alpha Dance Academy gave a fantastic performance of Jai Ho from the film, Slum Dog Millionaire. This was an energetic and impressive mix of Indian and en pointe styles.. P7 pupils from Campie PS spoke eloquently about ...

Online etext Cunninghams manual of practical anatomy (Volume 1) by D. J. (Daniel John) Cunningham (page 7 of 44) : the collection of free ebooks

Once Dr. Cunningham discovered Ophthalmology, he says, there was no second-guessing. He knew he had found his passion, and was determined to use his medical knowledge, curiosity about advanced technologies, and genuine interest in others to help people of all ages achieve the best possible vision. In 1991, Dr. Cunningham joined the Knoxville Ophthalmology practice started by Dr. J. Ed Campbell in 1952, and has been an integral part of a number of firsts achieved by the practice ever since, including: first in the Southeast to perform the Crystalens® procedure, a cataract replacement lens that is also designed to correct vision at all distances and East Tennessees first onsite Custom LASIK surgical facility, the Campbell Cunningham Laser Center.. While hes accomplished a lifetime of goals in less than 25 years in Ophthalmology, Dr. Cunningham is quick to point out that in his precision, technology-based specialty, there is always something new to learn and accomplish. Some of his best teachers ...

Human polyomaviruses (JC virus, BK virus and simian virus 40) are causative agents of some human diseases and, interestingly, are involved in processes of cell transformation and oncogenesis. These viruses need the cell cycle machinery of the host cell to complete their replication; so they evolved mechanisms that can interfere with the growth control of infected cells and force them into DNA replication. The retinoblastoma family of proteins (pRb), which includes pRb/p105, p107 and pRb2/p130, acts as one of the most important regulators of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Rb proteins represent an important target for viral oncoproteins. Early viral T antigens can bind all members of the pRb family, promoting the activation of the E2F family of transcription factors, thus inducing the expression of genes required for the entry to the S phase. The interaction between early viral antigens and cell cycle regulators represents an important mechanism through which viruses deregulate cell cycle ...

The JC virus, or John Cunningham virus, is a member of the polyomavirus family. When youre exposed to it as a kid or young adult, you might not even notice it, or you might notice cold-like symptoms which are self-limiting. Not a huge deal at all. You get infected, you make antibodies, life goes on. As long as youre immunocompetent. But thats not the case in patients with impaired cellular immunity, as in cases of Hodgkins lymphoma (HL).. Although the gold standard for diagnosis is brain biopsy, you dont need tissue to make the diagnosis of PML. In an immunocompromised patient with progressive neurologic changes, youll always need the MRI. This can exclude opportunistic processes like toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, or CNS lymphoma, but will also be important to confirm the presence of white matter disease, which may or may not have enhancement 10-20% of the time, and may or may not have mass effect. Our patient had faint enhancement, as you can see from the images on the blog. Once ...

As many patients are keenly aware, Tysabri is among the most effective MS drugs available, but the treatment comes with some troubling potential side effects. Chief among these is PML, a horrendous and often fatal brain infection caused by the JC virus. Although the JC virus is quite common in humans, infecting between 70%-90% of the general population (click here), the immune system typically keeps the virus in check. However, the same immunosuppressive properties that makes Tysabri so effective in combating MS can also allow the JC virus to become active and lead to PML. Since Tysabri became widely available to the public in 2006, neurologists have attempted to reduce the risk of PML by carefully monitoring patients for the presence of JC virus antibodies in their blood, and these efforts have lessened the dangers associated with Tysabri treatment. For patients currently on Tysabri or considering starting the drug, the folks at the Barts and London Medical School in England have come up with a ...

Laura Cunningham has very strong communication skills. She is very good explaining complex and sometimes esoteric concepts in simple terms. Her dedication and commitment to meeting deadlines and completing the transaction was exceptional.. IFLR 1000: The Guide to the Worlds Leading Financial Law Firms, 2021. Excellent client relationship management, knowledge of the subject and problem solving skills.. IFLR 1000: The Guide to the Worlds Leading Financial Law Firms, 2021. Laura Cunningham and the team have done a great job on a difficult transaction with us this year, and have shown strength and flexibility at all times.. The Legal 500: Europe, Middle East & Africa, 2020. Laura Cunningham is a fantastic lawyer. She commits herself to any given deal and works tirelessly until the transaction is brought to a successful close.. The Legal 500: Europe, Middle East & Africa, 2020. ...

Cunningham earned an undergraduate degree at Mississippi State College for Women and a Ph.D. in both microbiology and immunology from the University of Tennessee Center for Health Sciences.. Today, she is a George Lynn Cross Research Professor and Presbyterian Health Foundation Presidential Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, where she has taught and conducted research into infection and autoimmune diseases for 33 years.. My training was in Group A streptococcal disease, but I also love immunology, which is our bodys response to infections, she said.. After researching rheumatic fever, myocarditis and other heart-related diseases for 15 years, Cunningham received a call from the National Institutes of Mental Health. They wanted her to investigate a puzzling condition affecting children known as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with strep, commonly known as PANDAS.. Cunningham became a ...

Dear Friends,. In March of 2014, the New-York Historical Society mounted Facades, an exhibition of photographs taken by Bill Cunningham as part of an eight-year project, begun in the late 1960s, to document the architectural riches and fashion history of New York City. The photographs had been gifted to New-York Historical by Mr. Cunningham, who used our Patricia D. Klingenstein Library for much of his research. We were delighted when, in the course of the shows development, Mr. Cunningham agreed to add another photograph to our collection, which depicted his muse, Editta Sherman dressed in exquisite period costume against the backdrop of a graffiti-covered New York City subway car. That photograph might seem emblematic of hard times in 1970s New York. But truly it was vivid proof of Mr. Cunninghams ability to see beauty where others saw only despair. As we mourn Bill Cunninghams passing, we treasure this photograph above all.. In advance of Facades opening, we planned a VIP reception for ...

Dr. Matthew Cunningham, MD is a Vitreoretinal Disease Specialist in Clermont, FL and has over 17 years of experience in the medical field. Dr. Cunningham has more experience with Eye Conditions than other specialists in his area. He graduated from University Of Florida College Of Medicine medical school in 2004. He is affiliated with medical facilities such as AdventHealth Altamonte Springs and Adventhealth Orlando. He is accepting new patients and has indicated that he accepts telehealth appointments. Be sure to call ahead with Dr. Cunningham to book an appointment.

Cunningham, rundles S.; Feller, W F.; Cunningham, rundles C.; Dupont, B; Wanebo, H; Oreilly, R; and Good, R A., Lymphocyte transformation in vitro to riii mouse milk antigen among woman with breast disease. (1976). Subject Strain Bibliography 1976. 2295 ...

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CUNNINGHAM genealogy, discover the coat of arms, family crest, family history, ancestry, the surname meaning and the name origin for the CUNNINGHAM Tribe

Andy Cunningham is the founder of Cunningham Collective, a marketing, brand and communication strategy firm. She has played a role in the launch of many technology categories and products, including the Apple Macintosh. Her new book is Get to Aha!: Discover Your Positioning DNA and Dominate Your Competition.

Sail a fun foiling beachcat - N15FCS. The stock cunningham uses a bog-standard set of swivel cleats attached to the mast. It gets pretty loaded for the kit it is. Foiling boats get on foils and off foils all the time; apparent wind changes significantly; so we need to play the cunningham pretty a...

Prosecutors allege Cunningham violated a law that forbids disclosing photos or videos without the consent of someone whose intimate parts are exposed or who is engaged in a sexual act. They say the woman and Cunningham lived together.. ...

Dr. Matthew Cunningham, MD of New York, NY patient reviews, appointments, phone number and quality report. Compare Dr. Cunningham to other nearby Orthopedic Surgeons in New York.

Scott stopped by Ward Cunningham (you know, the guy who invented the Wiki. Yes, that Ward Cunningham) to hang out, and discovered Wards treasure trove of electronics, software, soldering guns and we

Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get them in front of Issuus millions of monthly readers. Title: Paul James Cunningham // Untitled 2.0 // Geometry of Fear, Author: Untitled 2.0, Name: Paul James Cunningham // Untitled 2.0 // Geometry of Fear, Length: 106 pages, Page: 1, Published: 2017-12-23

Obituary for Joan Cunningham Heidelberg | JOAN CUNNINGHAM HEIDELBERG, age 87, of Troy, Ohio passed away on Friday, August 14, 2020 at Hospice of Miami County Inpatient Unit in Troy surrounded by love. She was born on October 27,...

The principal CNS targets for JCV infection are oligodendrocytes (the brain cells that produce myelin). A stable human oligodendrocyte cell line for studies of JCV dependent PML was, however, not previously available. Therefore, we were delighted to report in Peterson et al, 2017 that a human stem cell line termed G144 (Pollard et al, 2009) undergoes differentiation by removal of growth factors (Fig. 1A), express oligodendrocyte specific surface markers (Fig. 1B), has a rapid doubling time (3-5 days) and is stable during passage. Furthermore, we reported that G144 cells support robust levels of JCV DNA replication and infection by JC virus. Thus, we have established the first oligodendrocyte based model system for studies of JCV dependent PML.. ...

Not a very heartening picture, but there is good news.. The parasites have to go through a free swimming stage, and during this stage they are vulnerable. It is during this stage that the conventional copper treatment is effective, and the same applies to UV sterilization.. When the parasites pass by the UV light, they are either killed outright or are badly damaged and no longer a problem. It is important that the parasites receive the correct amount of radiation, and that is why the manufacturers instructions for pump size must be followed.. There is a potential downside to this: if free swimming parasites can be killed, then is anything good also killed?. Unfortunately, the answer is yes, but it is not necessarily a problem. If the aquarist is fortunate enough to have plankton, then if this passes through the sterilizer it will be killed. Plankton is not usually present in any quantity in an aquarium, so that is why it is not a problem. Any other minute beneficial organism will meet the same ...

Progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys a persons ability to learn, reason, make judgments, communicate and perform daily activities. As this disease progressives the individuals may experience memory loss, this usually occurs more in the short-term memory, changes in personality and behavior, such as anxiety, suspiciousness or agitation, as well as delusions or hallucinations. Brain cells are gradually destroyed and leads to progressive decline in mental functions, No cure is available at this time but their are treatments that can slow the progress of the disease.

Greenmedinfo.com - Natural Health Resource - The worlds most widely referenced, open access, natural medicine database, with 30,000+ study abstracts and growing daily

JC35TS-EZ3.0-Zhejiang Jiecang Linear Motion Technology Co., Ltd-·JC35TS-EZ3.0 height adjustable desk mainly aims at home care and comfortable office. It is easy to install. It consists of handset, control box, lifting columns and EZ3.0 easy-installation frame. ·JC35TS-EZ3.0 lifting columns are pre-locked on the frame, facilitates the installation of the lifting column and the frame, the side bracket to the frame without tools and screws. It could save 10 to 15 minutes to assemble a desk, and could avoid mistakes in screw assembling. ·JC35TS-EZ3.0 is an upgrading of the EZ2.0, It has the followed advantages: JC35TS-EZ3.0 Lifting columns has pre-locked on the frame, only two steps are needed to complete the mounting. It can reduce the mounting time more.

Jangan sampai kemudian seseorang mengajukan JC perbuatannya tidak diakui tetapi perbuatan pihak lain disampaikan…. Jakarta - Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) mempertimbangkan banyak hal terkait permohonan justice collaborator (JC) yang diajukan terdakwa perkara korupsi proyek pengadaan KTP-elektronik Setya Novanto.. Permohonan JC tersebut masih diproses. Analisisnya tidak mudah karena perlu mempertimbangkan banyak hal, kata Juru Bicara KPK Febri Diansyah di gedung KPK, Jakarta, Kamis.. Menurut Febri, KPK masih harus melihat apakah memang ada keseriusan dan itikad baik dari terdakwa Novanto soal pengajuan JC tersebut.. Indikator yang pertama kali dilihat, menurut Febri, apakah terdakwa Novanto mengakui atau tidak perbuatannya.. Jangan sampai kemudian seseorang mengajukan JC perbuatannya tidak diakui tetapi perbuatan pihak lain disampaikan. Bahwa kemudian terdakwa nanti akan terbuka, saya kira itu positif saja untuk proses persidangan. Positif untuk terdakwa, juga positif untuk penanganan ...

Different studies suggested an oncogenic potential of the polyomaviruses JC virus, BK virus and simian virus 40, particularly in brain tumors and neuroblastoma, which belong to the most frequent malignancies in children. However, currently available data are controversial, possibly due to the different regional prevalence of the viruses and the detection techniques used.

CLINICAL IMAGES. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy - a case report. Mala Modi. Dr Modi is a senior radiologist and senior lecturer in the Department of Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. She is author of numerous papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals and is assistant editor of the South African Journal of Radiology.. Correspondence. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by the human neurotropic JC (John Cunningham) virus, a polyomavirus.1,2. Following on the worldwide HIV/AIDS pandemic there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of PML. However, cases of PML, an AIDS-defining illness, have rarely been reported from Africa, an area where HIV-1 clade C infection predominates.3-5. Clinical and imaging details. A 27-year-old woman presented to Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, with new-onset seizures. She was heterosexual, did not abuse intravenous drugs, and was retroviral ...

Niche market research report on Global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug Market 2019-2025 by industry driving factors, size, trends & key players.. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES, December 10, 2019 /EINPresswire.com/ - The report comes out as an intelligent and thorough assessment tool as well as a great resource that will help you to secure a position of strength in the global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug market. It includes Porters Five Forces and PESTLE analysis to equip your business with critical information and comparative data about the Global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug Market. We have provided deep analysis of the vendor landscape to give you a complete picture of current and future competitive scenarios of the global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug market. Our analysts use the latest primary and secondary research techniques and tools to prepare comprehensive and accurate market research reports.. Each ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. T2 - Investigation of three cases using in situ hybridization with JC virus biotinylated DNA probe. AU - Aksamit, Allen J.. AU - Mourrain, Pascale. AU - Sever, John L.. AU - Major, Eugene O.. PY - 1985/10. Y1 - 1985/10. N2 - Using the technique of in situ DNA‐to‐DNA hybridization, a JC virus biotinylated DNA probe was developed and applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, or fixed, frozen sections of brain tissue from three subjects with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Light microscopy was carried out to correlate the presence of JC virus DNA with the selective infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in PML. Oligodendrocytes (lytically infected) showed the greatest evidence of viral DNA. More astrocytes showing bizarre morphological changes had evidence of viral DNA than did astrocytes that were simply reactive. Viral DNA was not evident in vascular endothelial cells using this technique. Viral DNA ...

By McCalmont, Vicki Bennett, Kristi Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, highly fatal demyelinating brain infection caused by the JC virus. This infection is associated with immunosuppressive agents and is emerging in the transplant population. There has never been a documented case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a transplant recipient receiving sirolimus. We present a study, in which the JC virus was found in a 68-year-old man who had received a postorthotopic heart transplant 3 years earlier and who was receiving sirolimus and prednisone for immunosuppression. We review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and the outcomes of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients. (Progress in Transplantation. 2007; 17:157- 160) CASE Study A 65-year-old white man received an orthotopic heart transplant for idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Triple immunosuppression with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisone ...

By Stan Deresinski, MD, FACP, FIDSA Clinical Professor of Medicine, Stanford University Dr. Deresinski reports no financial relationships relevant to this field of study. SYNOPSIS: Enhancing the immune response with checkpoint inhibitors may be beneficial in the management of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a viral disease previously recalcitrant to therapy. SOURCE: Cortese I, Muranski P, Enose-Akahata Y, et al. Pembrolizumab treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1597-1605. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare infection caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV) that . . .

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, life-threatening disease that is characterized by focal neurological deficits. It is caused by the John Cunningham virus (JC virus), which is usually contracted during childhood but is asymptomatic until the virus is reactivated later in life due to weakened immune status. The clinical manifestations are consistent with findings on brain imaging or biopsy. Since this disease is fatal, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are imperative.… Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalitis): Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. T2 - A review of the literature with a report of sixteen cases. AU - Berger, J. R.. AU - Kaszovitz, B.. AU - Post, M. J.D.. AU - Dickinson, G.. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a common complication of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), occurs in as many as 3.8% of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report 16 cases and review 12 previously reported cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with HIV infection. This illness was the presenting manifestation of HIV infection in 8 cases. Limb weakness, gait abnormalities, visual loss, and altered mental status were the commonest initial complaints. Computed tomography of the brain frequently showed hypodense, nonenhancing white matter lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive than computed tomography in detecting ...

A case of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy while using rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus Yuichi Ishikawa, Tadamichi Kasuya, Junichi Ishikawa, Michio Fujiwara, Yasuhiko Kita Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Abstract: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a central nervous system infection caused by John Cunningham (JC) virus reactivation in an immunocompromised patient. PML has various neurologic symptoms and has very poor prognosis. A 36-year-old man developed transverse myelitis and had a psychiatric disorder at the age of 26. He was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), on the basis of leukopenia and presence of anti-DNA and anti-nuclear antibodies. Treatment with glucocorticoid (GC) was started, and remission was introduced. Six months before PML onset, his condition was complicated with hemophagocytic

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a highly fatal, demyelinating disease of the brain caused by lytic infection of oligodendrocytes with the JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Emergence of PML is considered rare and is always associated with an underlying deficit in immune surveillance. In accordance, the majority of PML cases are detected ... read more in patients with HIV-induced severe immunodeficiencies. Fortunately, the introduction of cART significantly reduced the incidence of PML in HIV-infected patients. In 2005, however, a surprising increase in PML cases was observed with the use of monoclonal antibodies, including natalizumab and rituximab. As these therapies modulate the immune system rather than suppressing it, questions were raised regarding the conventional route of JCPyV pathogenesis. Owing to the lack of both animal models, and sufficient in vitro models to sustain effective replication of JCPyV, the mechanisms of JC virus infection remain largely uncertain and current ...

certain hiv drugs may make your immune system stronger and help prevent the virus from causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). these drugs have become more common, so the number of p

TY - JOUR. T1 - Topotecan in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AU - Royal, Walter. AU - Dupont, B.. AU - McGuire, D.. AU - Chang, L.. AU - Goodkin, K.. AU - Ernst, T.. AU - Post, M. J.. AU - Fish, D.. AU - Pailloux, G.. AU - Poncelet, H.. AU - Concha, M.. AU - Apuzzo, L.. AU - Singer, E.. PY - 2003/6/1. Y1 - 2003/6/1. N2 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) affects about 1 in 20 individuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and has been associated with poor survival. This report describes the results of a phase II clinical trial using the drug topotecan, a semisynthetic analogue of camptothecan, administered to a cohort of subjects with AIDS-related PML. Data were evaluated on 11 of 12 subjects enrolled in the study. Three responded to therapy. Additionally, one patient was treated off-protocol and showed a response to treatment. Progression occurred after the first course; however, a partial ...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease which results from the reactivation of John Cunningham virus (JC virus) infecting oligodendrocytes in patients with compromised immune systems. It is considered the most ...

CiteSeerX - Scientific documents that cite the following paper: JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the viral burden in cerebrospinal fluid, patient survival, and the volume of neurological lesions. Clin. Infect. Dis

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating disease which results from the JC virus infecting oligodendrocytes. It is considered the most common clinical manifestation of JC virus infection in the brain.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a neurological disorder characterized by the destruction of myelin-producing cells responsible for protecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The disease is caused by the JC virus and is typically fatal. Over the past few years, the use of pembrolizumab has increased to strengthen the immunity in patients with PML. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of pembrolizumab in the treatment of PML.. This study included a total of eight adult patients with PML and with different underlying predisposing conditions. Each participant was assigned to a 2 mg per kg BW dose of pembrolizumab every four to six weeks. The primary outcomes were the JC viral load and CD4+ and CD8+ activity against the JC virus. Pembrolizumab resulted in a down-regulation of PD-1 expression on lymphocytes and cerebrospinal fluid in all eight patients. Five patients showed clinical improvement or stabilization of PML with reduced JC viral load and an ...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by human polyomavirus ( JC virus). JC virus is detected by polymerase chain reaction of the brain biopsy or cerebral spinal fluid of the patient.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the brain caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV) in immunosuppressed people. There is no cure for PML but 1-year survival has increased from 10% to 50% in HIV-infected individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. We describe herein the clinical outcome of 24 PML patients whose survival exceeded 5 years, with a mean follow-up of 94.2 months (range, 60-188 months). Of all patients, only two were females including one who had non-Hodgkins lymphoma and was HIV negative. All 23 HIV-positive patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy, and additional experimental therapies were not associated with a better clinical outcome.. Marked neurological improvement occurred in 4/24 (17%) of patients, while 11/24 (46%) had partial improvement and 9/24 (37%) remained stable. By the end of the period of observation, 8/24 (33%) of patients had no significant disability despite persistent symptoms (modified ...

This study will identify genetic factors associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PML is a life-threatening infection of the brain that affects about 5 percent of untreated patients with AIDS. Its symptoms include mental deterioration, vision loss, speech disturbances, ataxia (inability to coordinate movements), paralysis, and coma. PML is caused by a polyomavirus called the JC virus.. It is estimated that up to 80 percent of the human population has been exposed to the JC virus, but the disease is very rare. The virus only becomes active in people who have compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing immune suppressive chemotherapy for cancer and those with damaged immune systems due to HIV.. Patients who have participated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study may be eligible for this study, as well as healthy normal volunteers who will serve as controls. The study will review clinical ...

This study will identify genetic factors associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PML is a life-threatening infection of the brain that affects about 5 percent of untreated patients with AIDS. Its symptoms include mental deterioration, vision loss, speech disturbances, ataxia (inability to coordinate movements), paralysis, and coma. PML is caused by a polyomavirus called the JC virus.. It is estimated that up to 80 percent of the human population has been exposed to the JC virus, but the disease is very rare. The virus only becomes active in people who have compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing immune suppressive chemotherapy for cancer and those with damaged immune systems due to HIV.. Patients who have participated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study may be eligible for this study, as well as healthy normal volunteers who will serve as controls. The study will review clinical ...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a frequently fatal demyelinating condition of the central nervous system in which reactivation of the human polyomavir..

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a neurological disorder that damages the myelin that covers and protects nerves in the white matter of the brain. It is caused by the JC virus (JCV). By age 10, most people have been infected with this virus, but it rarely causes symptoms unless the immune system becomes severely weakened. The disease occurs, rarely, in organ transplant patients; people undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy; and individuals with cancer, such as HodgkinÕs disease, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis. PML is most common among individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS ...

Natalizumab provides rapid and high-efficacy control of multiple sclerosis disease activity with long-term stabilization. However, the benefits of the drug are countered by a risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients infected with the John Cunningham Virus. Close monitoring is required in patients with increased progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk receiving natalizumab in the long-term for an optimal benefit-risk evaluation. Standardized high-quality monitoring procedures may provide a superior basis for individual benefit and risk evaluation and thus improve treatment decisions. The non-interventional study TRUST was designed to capture natalizumab effectiveness under real-life conditions and to examine alternate approaches for clinical assessments, magnetic resonance imaging monitoring and use of biomarkers for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk stratification. TRUST is a non-interventional, multicenter, prospective cohort study conducted at

INTRODUCTION. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the virus JC and characterized by lytic infection of the oligodendrocytes and demyelination10, tipically occuring in the context of severe immunodepression. After the advent of the HIV epidemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) became the most common predisposing disorder for PML1. This disease has been diagnosed in up to 5% of HIV-infected patients in developed countries in the pre highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era10. However, the incidence of PML has decreased less dramatically when compared to other CNS diseases in the HAART era6,21. Interestingly, PML has rarely been reported in HIV-infected patients from developing countries8,11,12. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and radiological features of patients with PML and estimate its frequency among AIDS patients with CNS opportunistic diseases admitted in a referral center in ...

Madelungs disease - progressive, excessive, and symmetrical deposition of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer: case report and literature review Monika Szewc,1 Robert Sitarz,1-3 Nina Moroz,2 Ryszard Maciejewski,1,* Ryszard Wierzbicki2,4,* 1Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; 2Department of Surgery with Trauma, Orthopaedic and Urological Subunit, Independent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Lublin, Lublin, Poland; 3Department of Surgery, St Johns Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Madelungs disease is a rare disorder described for the first time in the year 1846 by Brodie. It is characterized by the occurrence of progressive, excessive, and symmetrical deposits of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer. Most often, these changes concern the neck, the nape of the neck, arms, and upper

Author(s): Berger, Joseph R; Cree, Bruce A; Greenberg, Benjamin; Hemmer, Bernhard; Ward, Brian J; Dong, Victor M; Merschhemke, Martin | Abstract: OBJECTIVE:We describe the characteristics of the 15 patients with fingolimod-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) identified from the Novartis data safety base and provide risk estimates for the disorder. METHODS:The Novartis safety database was searched for PML cases with a data lock point of August 31, 2017. PML classification was based on previously published criteria. The risk and incidence were estimated using the 15 patients with confirmed PML and the overall population of patients treated with fingolimod. RESULTS:As of August 31, 2017, 15 fingolimod-treated patients had developed PML in the absence of natalizumab treatment in the preceding 6 months. Eleven (73%) were women and the mean age was 53 years (median: 53 years). Fourteen of the 15 patients were treated with fingolimod for >2 years. Two patients had confounding medical

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating disease ( AIDS defining illness) which affect the brain. Patient may complain with vision and speech abnormalities and alteration of the mental function.Patient may fall into coma and death.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) answers are found in the Johns Hopkins HIV Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

AIDS generated a significantly increased interest in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disease previously considered to be very rare. Scrutiny increased after a second wave of PML following the introduction of biological a …

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, also known as PML, is a neurological disorder that affects the cells that produce myelin (better known as the white matter of the brain), the substance that envelops the neurons.

Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy relies on assessing the white matter of the brain on a computed tomography scan or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - Pipeline Insight, 2017 is a market research report available at US $1250 for a Single User PDF License from RnR Market Research Reports Library.

Learn more about Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy at Blake Medical Center DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...

LIMA, Marcus Aurelho de; ANDRADE, Fabiana Valente de; ETCHEBEHERE, Renata Margarida and SILVA-VERGARA, Mario León. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. [online]. 1998, vol.31, n.6, pp.569-574. ISSN 0037-8682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86821998000600011.. This is a report of a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented acutely ill with severe progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) as the first manifestation of AIDS. PML was diagnosed in the brain after gross and microscopical examination as well as by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against JC virus.. Keywords : Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Central nervous system; JC virus. ...

Author Summary Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a complication of treatment with natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohns disease. PML results from a failure of the immune system to control replication of JC virus (JCV) in the brain. We studied the T cell responses of 8 patients with MS who were starting treatment with natalizumab, 10 healthy volunteers, and 4 patients with natalizumab-associated PML. The magnitude and quality of JCV-specific immune responses remained unchanged after starting natalizumab. However, applying the same methods and antigens, we found that immune responses in the individuals who developed PML differed from those in the MS patients and healthy volunteers. In the four patients with PML from whom the laboratory had identified JCV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), two had no measurable T cell response to JCV and two had T cells that produced IL-10, an anti-inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, we studied the CSF of 10 patients with

We previously showed that, in addition to human glial cells, JCV could infect tonsillar lymphocytes and stromal cells in vitro (29). The anatomical location of tonsils and the susceptibility of lymphocytes and stromal cells, both of which are present in tonsils, to JCV infection make it plausible that JCV infection can occur via a respiratory route. We used n-PCR amplification to determine whether DNA from nondissected tonsillar tissue, isolated tonsillar lymphocytes, and isolated stromal cells of healthy individuals contained JCV-specific nucleotide sequences. Of 54 tonsils from immunocompetent children and adult donors, 19 (35%) were positive for the JCV T-protein sequences and 21 (39%) were positive for the regulatory-region sequences. We also showed by n-PCR amplification that DNA of isolated tonsillar lymphocytes and stromal cells contained JCV-specific T-protein and regulatory-region sequences (Table 1). The lower percentage of n-PCR products found in tonsillar stromal cells could be ...

JC viral infection normally tends to take place during early childhood; however, this archetype remains asymptomatic taking sanctuary in the kidneys and B. lymphocytes throughout later years [5]. The JC virus belongs to the Polyomaviridae family of viruses and is closely related to four other polyomaviruses: BKV, WUV, KIV, and MCV. The degree of homology (69-75%) between the JC viral genome and that of the simian virus 40 and BK virus confirms the close evolutionary relationship of these three polyoma viruses [5]. Theses viruses biologically differ with respect to the extent of divergence pertaining to the promoter-enhancer sequences [5]. The JC virus has a closed, circular genome containing double stranded ...

Perinuclear clearing, or haloes, is a typical feature of oligodendrogliomas, but it can also decorate the cells of astrocytomas. In such cases, nuclear pleomorphism and irregularity favor astrocytic differentiation. By definition, necrosis and endothelial proliferation are absent. According to WHO grading, a single mitotic figure is not sufficient to raise the grade of an infiltrating astrocytoma to grade III. This practice is based on a large series by Giannini et al. who found no significant difference in survival between ordinary grade II lesions and those that showed a single mitotic figure [14]. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1993; 187(1):233-40. 65. , Incidence and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy over 20 years of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(10):1459-66. 66. , Determinants of survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ...

A 40-year-old woman (patient 3) had an 8-year history of SLE, along with leukocytopenia and a lupus profundus on her face and arms. She developed dysarthria, left-side hemiplegia, and a disturbance of consciousness; she had been taking 10 mg/day of prednisolone. An MRI examination revealed a low-intensity area on T1-weighted images and a high-intensity area on T2-weighted images in the right front parietal and left parietal white matter (Figure 1B). A PCR analysis of a CSF sample detected a PML-type JC virus DNA, confirming the diagnosis. Despite 4 times monthly administration of 250 mg of cidofovir, her neurologic findings worsened to those of a vegetative state. She died 20 months after the onset of her neurologic symptoms.. In all 3 patients, a CSF examination showed normal numbers of cells and normal levels of protein and glucose. The IgG index and albumin index were not elevated. Serologic testing for HIV yielded negative results. The patients were negative for antiphospholipid antibodies, ...

In immunocompromised individuals, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) may mutate and gain access to the central nervous system resulting in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an often fatal opportunistic infection for which no treatments are currently available. Despite recent progress, the contribution of JCPyV-specific humoral immunity to controlling asymptomatic infection throughout life and to eliminating JCPyV from the brain is poorly understood. We examined antibody responses against JCPyV major capsid protein VP1 (viral protein 1) variants in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy donors (HDs), JCPyV-positive multiple sclerosis patients treated with the anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody natalizumab (NAT), and patients with NAT-associated PML. Before and during PML, CSF antibody responses against JCPyV VP1 variants show recognition holes; however, upon immune reconstitution, CSF antibody titers rise, then recognize PML-associated JCPyV VP1 variants, and may be involved in ...

As per American Academy of Neurology diagnostic criteria, definite PML is a symptomatic disease confirmed by MRI and the detection of JCV DNA in CSF.3 This view is challenged by the application of MRI as a screening tool for early detection of PML. These patients can show localised disease on MRI (not multifocal as the acronym PML may imply), and a majority is asymptomatic. Furthermore, in our study half of the patients had negative JCV DNA findings in CSF at time of first MRI suspicion of PML. Importantly, if JCV DNA remains undetectable and brain biopsy is not performed, such cases classify as possible or not PML, despite the strong MRI suspicion of PML. Consequently, these cases will not appear in PML statistics of confirmed cases, and consecutive management decisions (eg, plasma exchange in case of PML; continuation/switch of immune suppression in case of MS relapse) may be challenging. Our data suggests that detection of an intrathecal IgG antibody response towards JCV (positive AIJCV) ...

Abstract Following the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in two multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with natalizumab and interferon-beta (IFNbeta), a possible correlation between JC virus (JCV), the etiological agent of PML, and MS has received heightened interest. In particular, attention has focused on assessing whether IFNbeta treatment could affect the replication of JCV and thus its frequency in the peripheral blood of MS patients and whether the presence of JCV DNA in peripheral blood could be a predictive marker of the risk of developing PML. In order to answer to these questions, peripheral blood samples were collected from 59 INFbeta-treated, 39 untreated relapsing-remitting MS patients, and 98 healthy controls (HCs) and JCV DNA levels were determined and quantified by means of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay. Overall, no differences were found in the presence or viral load of JCV DNA of MS patients and the HCs, but JCV DNA was ...

進行性多發性腦白質病變、人類多瘤性病毒、血清抗JC 病毒抗體、Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy、Human polyomavirus、Levamisole ...

As published in the New England Journal of Medicine, positive results have been seen in a small study of pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck, Kenilworth, NJ) for treatment of progressive multifocal le…

Alemtuzumab is a highly efficacious therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), but uncoupling of T and B cell repopulation during immune reconstitution associates with an increasing range of secondary B cell-mediated autoimmune complications. A 34-year-old woman developed Graves disease 11 months following an initial course of alemtuzumab treatment for MS. Nine months following the second treatment with alemtuzumab, the patient presented with spontaneous intramuscular and subcutaneous haemorrhage due to development of an inhibitory autoantibody to coagulation factor VIII. Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is an extremely rare complication in patients treated with alemtuzumab. Treatment with rituximab may induce a rapid remission of AHA; however, the patients high John Cunningham virus (JCV) antibody index and alemtuzumab-induced T cell lymphopenia may lead to an increased risk of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, a potential complication which was unacceptable to the ...

How long do I need to take natalizumab (Tysabri). Tysabri is designed to be taken as maintenance treatment to treat and prevent flares of Crohns disease. But the longer you are on Tysabri, the greater the risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare brain disorder caused by the activation of the polyomavirus JC virus in people with suppressed immune systems.. You and your care team will need to weigh the risks and benefits of long-term use of Tysabri.. Taking probiotics while Pregnant. Women planning to become pregnant should discuss their treatment options with their care team in clinic. It is generally advised that you continue with maintenance treatment throughout pregnancy. An uncontrolled flare can be harmful to the fetus and increase the risk of miscarriage.. Yet the safety data on the use of natalizumab (Tysabri) during pregnancy and breastfeeding is limited.. A Tysabri pregnancy registry has been established to monitor maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnant ...