TY - JOUR. T1 - Hemolysis Is Responsible for Elevation of Serum Iron Concentration After Regular Exercises in Judo Athletes. AU - Nishiie-Yano, Rina. AU - Hirayama, Satoshi. AU - Tamura, Masahiro. AU - Kanemochi, Takumi. AU - Ueno, Tsuyoshi. AU - Hirayama, Akiko. AU - Hori, Atsushi. AU - Ai, Tomohiko. AU - Hirose, Nobuyoshi. AU - Miida, Takashi. PY - 2020/9/1. Y1 - 2020/9/1. N2 - Serum iron concentration increases in marathon athletes after running due to mechanical destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). This study was performed to examine whether serum iron concentration increases after regular Judo exercise, and if so, whether such post-exercise iron increase is caused by hemolysis. We examined biochemical parameters related to red blood cell and iron metabolism in 16 male competitive Judo athletes before and after traditional exercise training composed of basic movements and freestyle matchup. The parameters were adjusted for changes in plasma volume based on simultaneously measured ...

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Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world , with highest rates in pregnant women and young children. Despite the magnitude and severity of iron deficiency, there remains gaps in our knowledge of iron metabolism. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis yet limited data is available on its role during pregnancy. Although our knowledge of non-heme iron metabolism has increased substantially in recent years, the mechanisms regulating heme iron metabolism remain elusive. The overall goal o f this research is to further understand the primary determinants of iron absorption and placental iron transfer in women of childbearing age. To address these issues stable iron isotopes (57Fe and 58Fe) were used to measure iron absorption in non-pregnant (ages 18-32 years, n = 30) and pregnant (ages 16-32 years, n = 20) subjects and placental iron transfer in pregnant women. Nonheme iron absorption was inversely associated with iron status and serum hepcidin. However, heme ...

Iron has been shown to be important in ischaemic, immune and toxic forms of tissue injury in various organs. Although it is generally accepted that iron participates in the generation of powerful oxidant species (e.g. hydroxyl radicals) there has not been any direct evidence that iron capable of catalysing free-radical reactions is increased in tissues in these models of injury. In the present study we demonstrate that ischaemia/reperfusion injury to the kidney results in no significant change in total, nonhaem or ferritin iron levels, but there is a marked and specific increase in bleomycin-detectable iron (capable of catalysing free-radical reactions) in the kidney. The increase in bleomycin-detectable iron is observed only after reperfusion but not during the ischaemic period. In a separate study we demonstrate that despite a drastic reduction in the iron content in the kidney, as a result of feeding an iron-deficient diet, there is a similar and a marked increase in the bleomycin-detectable ...

Iron is found in meat, dried fruit and some vegetables. It is used by the body to make haemoglobin, which helps store and carry oxygen in red blood cells (see box, left). Haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. If there is a lack of iron in the blood, the organs and tissues will not get as much oxygen as they usually do.. How common is iron deficiency anaemia?. Iron deficiency anaemia affects up to 1 in 20 men and 1 in 20 post-menopausal women (after a womans menstrual periods have stopped). Iron deficiency anaemia is more common in women who are still menstruating (having periods). This is because menstruation and pregnancy can cause iron deficiency. Outlook. Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia involves increasing dietary iron intake or taking iron supplements to replace the missing iron in the body. This is usually very effective and the condition rarely causes any serious complications. If you have iron deficiency anaemia, you may need to be monitored to check ...

Background: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a central sensor of nutrient availability and cellular stress and is implicated in carcinogenesis and acceleration of aging. Since iron is a required nutritional element, we assessed the role of mTOR in regulation of cellular iron homeostasis.. Methods and Results: To determine whether mTOR regulates iron homeostasis, we analyzed the expression of genes necessary for cellular iron uptake, storage, mitochondrial handling and export with mTOR modulation. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin decreased expression of several iron-regulatory genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and led to accumulation of heme and non-heme iron in H9C2 cardiac myoblasts. Constitutive activation of mTOR by genetic ablation of its inhibitor in TSC2−/− MEFs enhanced the expression of the above genes and decreased cellular iron content; both findings were reversible with rapamycin treatment. To study the mechanism of iron regulation by mTOR, we ...

Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) or sometimes transferrin iron-binding capacity is a medical laboratory test that measures the bloods capacity to bind iron with transferrin. It is performed by drawing blood and measuring the maximum amount of iron that it can carry, which indirectly measures transferrin since transferrin is the most dynamic carrier. TIBC is less expensive than a direct measurement of transferrin. The TIBC should not be confused with the unsaturated iron-binding capacity or UIBC (LOINC 2501-5, 22753-8 & 35216-1). The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC. Taken together with serum iron and percent transferrin saturation clinicians usually perform this test when they are concerned about anemia, iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia. However, because the liver produces transferrin, alterations in function (such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or liver failure) must be considered when performing this test. It can also be an indirect test of liver function, ...

The objectives of the present study were to determine iron nutritional status among female Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) students and the differences in dietary iron intake between respondents with and without anaemia. A total of 436 female UMS students of aged 19-26 years were recruited in this study. Iron nutritional status was determined by measuring haemoglobin concentration via gravimetric technique while dietary intake data was obtained through semi-quantitative questionnaire (FFQ) modified from Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2003. Anaemia was determined using a single biochemical lndicator, which was Hb,12.5g/dL. Prevalence of anaemia was 50.5% in the present study, which was higher than the estimated global prevalence of 30.2%. Most anaemic female students (n=207,94.1%) were unaware they had Hb,12.5g/dL prior to this study. Malays recorded the highest prevalence of anaemia (53.40%), followed by Kadazans (50.8%) and Chinese (44.5%). The mean dietary iron intake of ...

MINING: We have been trading in iron ore/ clinkers coal and other universal products for a long time. We are supplying iron ore to most of the Sponge Iron and Mini Blast furnaces plants lo ed in eastern and central India. We are also supplying iron orekolkata how is iron ore mined and processing,Iron ores in the form of hematite ferrous oxide and magnetite are removed from the earth through mining. The use of heavy mining equipment is necessary to dig out large pits in an area with a large deposit of iron ore; however, because iron does not occur naturally, it is necessary to use a blast furnace to separate or refine iron from the other substances in the iron ore. From ore to steel,What Equipment Is Needed For Iron Ore Mining,iron ore mining equipment is usually divided into steel by use pig iron, foundry pig, Iron and steel products are widely used in various sectors of the national... Read more. Iron - How Products Are Made. Iron ore is converted into various types of iron through several ...

In the presence of ferrous ions (Fe2+), the anti-tumour agent bleomycin will induce DNA degradation. Degradation of DNA into substances detectable by the thiobarbituric acid test has been used previously for the detection of iron in a form that is capable of catalysing the formation of the potentially harmful hydroxyl free radical. In the present paper, we describe the application of the ethidium-binding assay of DNA damage to the measurement of bleomycin-detectable iron, comparing its performance with the conventional method in the assessment of iron standard solutions and plasma samples from haemochromatosis patients. The ethidium-binding assay proved to be more responsive than the thiobarbituric acid test in the detection of DNA damage induced by very low concentrations of iron, but became saturated at higher iron concentrations. Agreement between the two versions of the assay in the identification of plasma samples containing bleomycin-detectable iron was good, but agreement on the actual ...

A virulent strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, subgroup Pontiac, was grown in continuous culture at a constant growth rate under iron-replete and iron-limited conditions. Iron limitation was achieved by the removal of ferrous sulfate and hemin from the chemically defined medium. Residual contaminating iron, 0.45 microM, was sufficient to support iron-limited growth. Typical iron-replete cultures metabolized 3.3 microM iron. Serine provided the principal source of carbon and energy for both cultures, although iron-replete cultures also depleted a number of other amino acids. There was a 40% decrease in culture biomass under iron-restricted conditions. Iron limitation did not significantly affect carbohydrate metabolism, with the molar growth yield for carbon (Ycarbon) comparable for both cultures. However, under iron-limited conditions a sixfold increase in Yiron correlated with a significant decrease in the iron content of the biomass, as the culture utilized the available iron more ...

Iron deficiency anemia treatment is usually very simple. One of the most common iron deficiency anemia treatments is to take an iron supplement. The supplement will increase the amount of iron in the body and feed it to the hemoglobin. More hemoglobin will produce and it will work properly. This will allow the red blood cells to transport the oxygen throughout the body. Another iron deficiency anemia treatment is change in diet. Adding some iron-rich food will help your iron level increase. Red meat, eggs, leafy greens and beans are examples of food that have a high amount of iron in it. In some cases, you may experience blood loss caused by the disorder. If this is the case, the only iron deficiency anemia treatment that will completely work is a blood transfusion. Doctors do not like to perform these and only use them in severe cases, but sometimes they are needed. The transfusion will replace the blood loss and in doing so, will give the body a sufficient amount of healthy red blood cells. ...

Products Of Iron Ore Separation - . Products Of Iron Ore Separation. 2012-7-13maximizing the recovery of fine iron ore using magnetic separation most iron ore operations that require beneficiation of rom ore to produce lump, fine sinter, and pelletizing concentrate iron ore products will discard a slimes fraction to final tailingshis fraction can vary in particle size from 200 m down to 10 m.2012-7-13maximizing the recovery of fine iron ore using magnetic separation most iron ore operations that require beneficiation of rom ore to produce lump, fine sinter, and pelletizing concentrate iron ore products will discard a slimes fraction to final tailingshis fraction can.Dec 17, 2020 Iron ore beneficiation technology and process. 12-17-20 375 Views icon 0 . Iron ore is one of the important raw materials for the production of pig iron and steel in the iron and steel industry. There are many types of iron ore. According to the magnetic properties of the ore, it is mainly divided into strong magnetism ...

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common airborne fungal pathogen of humans, causing life-threatening invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. The limitations of therapeutic intervention are reflected in mortality rates, dependent primarily on the immune status of the host, of up to 90% (1, 2). The importance of the host immune status has been underlined by the lack of identified specific virulence attributes in A. fumigatus (1, 3-6). Limiting access to essential nutrients is an often overlooked aspect of innate immunity (7). Iron is essential for most organisms, suggesting that its acquisition in vivo may be required for A. fumigatus to cause disease (8-10). Iron uptake systems are often required for bacterial and yeast virulence (11, 12).. Fungi have evolved various strategies, often used in parallel, to acquire iron. These include two high affinity uptake mechanisms, reductive iron assimilation, and siderophore-assisted iron mobilization (8-10). Siderophores are low molecular mass, ...

Iron is an essential component of the production of healthy RBCs, and iron stores must be maintained for the ongoing production of RBCs by the bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia can develop as a result of depleted iron stores from chronic blood loss, increased demands for iron as seen in periods of growth (e.g., in infancy and adolescence ), or malabsorption of iron even when foods or supplements are supplying adequate amounts. It is accepted that iron is hard to absorb; this, in combination with diets that may not meet daily requirements, is a common route to iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Iron can also be lost through strenuous exercise and heavy perspiration, poor digestion, frequent consumption of antacids, long-term illness, heavy menstrual cycles, and other causes. Infancy is a period of increased risk for iron deficiency because dietary iron may not be adequate for the rapid growth of the child in the first two years of life, an example of increased demand. The human infant ...

Iron overload is a severe complication of multiple blood transfusions. As the body has no physiologic mechanism for clearing iron, repeated transfusions cause iron accumulation in organs and lead to iron toxicity. Accurate assessment of iron overload is paramount to quantify excessive iron accumulation and to monitor response to iron chelation therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have been used to noninvasively measure hepatic iron concentration (HIC). Although MRI-based measurements of transverse relaxation rates (R2 and R2*) accurately predict biopsy-proven HICs below 15 mg Fe/g, previous studies have shown that their precision is limited for HICs above 15 mg Fe/g and inaccurate above 25 mg Fe/g. Current R2* gradient-echo (GRE) MR techniques fail occasionally for very high iron overloads (HIC ~ 15-25 mg Fe/g) and always for massive iron overloads (HIC , 25 mg Fe/g) because R2* is so high that the MR signal decays before it can be measured accurately.. Overall accrual: 235 (200 ...

Iron overload is a severe complication of multiple blood transfusions. As the body has no physiologic mechanism for clearing iron, repeated transfusions cause iron accumulation in organs and lead to iron toxicity. Accurate assessment of iron overload is paramount to quantify excessive iron accumulation and to monitor response to iron chelation therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have been used to noninvasively measure hepatic iron concentration (HIC). Although MRI-based measurements of transverse relaxation rates (R2 and R2*) accurately predict biopsy-proven HICs below 15 mg Fe/g, previous studies have shown that their precision is limited for HICs above 15 mg Fe/g and inaccurate above 25 mg Fe/g. Current R2* gradient-echo (GRE) MR techniques fail occasionally for very high iron overloads (HIC ~ 15-25 mg Fe/g) and always for massive iron overloads (HIC , 25 mg Fe/g) because R2* is so high that the MR signal decays before it can be measured accurately.. Overall accrual: 235 (200 ...

Abstract. The relationship between plasma iron, transferrin saturation, and plasma iron turnover was studied in 53 normal subjects whose transferrin saturation

If your iron levels get particularly low, you can develop iron deficiency anaemia. This is when you dont have enough iron for your body to make enough fully working red blood cells to carry the normal amounts of oxygen around your body. Having iron deficiency anaemia can affect your pregnancy and the growth of your baby,3 and you will likely be checked for anaemia as part of your normal pregnancy screening tests.. Signs that you may have low iron levels and/or iron deficiency anaemia, include feeling listless or washed out, looking pale or feeling breathless. Cravings are often joked about during pregnancy - dashing out for ice-cream in the middle of the night or a never ending desire for pickled onions. But having iron deficiency anaemia can also cause you to crave strange things, including ice, or even dirt. If you feel your cravings are becoming unusual, or you think you have any of the other signs of iron deficiency such as faintness or feeling fatigued4, you should talk to your doctor who ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hemochromatosis protein (HFE) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) influence tissue iron levels. T2 - Elements of a common gut pathway?. AU - Meyer, Paul N.. AU - Gerhard, Glenn S.. AU - Yoshida, Yukinori. AU - Yoshida, Mika. AU - Chorney, Karen A.. AU - Beard, John. AU - Kauffman, Elizabeth J.. AU - Weiss, Günter. AU - Chorney, Michael J.. PY - 2002/1/1. Y1 - 2002/1/1. N2 - Quantitative genetic analysis of hepatic and splenic iron levels in recombinant inbred mice yielded a quantitative trait locus that was found to coincide with the genomic locale encompassing the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 gene (Tnfr2). When fed an iron-enriched diet, mice nullizygous with respect to Tnfr2, but not the Tnfr1 gene, showed a significant increase in splenic non-heme iron levels. This result contrasted with mice deficient in the hemochromatosis protein, HFE, which demonstrated a significant increase in normally high hepatic iron levels, but no change in splenic iron, when fed an ...

Serum ferritin is a sensitive indicator of available iron stores (1), but in certain instances it cannot be used in diagnosis, e.g., in anemias of chronic disease, infections, inflammation, liver disease, and malignancies (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Iron stores may be normal or increased, though accompanied by increased serum ferritin, in anemias of chronic disorders, aplastic anemia, sideroblastic anemia, and chronic hemolytic anemia. Because ferritin is also a positive acute-phase reactant protein that is increased in inflammation (2), serum ferritin concentration is not a reliable index of available iron stores in individuals with chronic diseases. There is no information, however, on whether ferritin can be used as a marker of available iron stores in the anemia of copper deficiency.. Unlike iron-deficiency anemia, in which body iron stores are usually depleted as evidenced by diminished serum ferritin concentrations, anemia of copper deficiency (8)(9)(10) results from increased hepatic iron stores ...

Anemia occurs when you have a level of red blood cells (RBCs) in your blood that is lower than normal. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, and it occurs when your body doesnt have enough of the mineral iron. Your body needs iron to make a protein called hemoglobin. This protein is responsible for carrying oxygen to your bodys tissues, which is essential for your tissues and muscles to function effectively. When there isnt enough iron in your blood stream, the rest of your body cant get the amount of oxygen it needs. In women of childbearing age, the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia is a loss of iron in the blood due to heavy menstruation or pregnancy. A poor diet or certain intestinal diseases that affect how the body absorbs iron can also cause iron deficiency anemia. Doctors normally treat the condition with iron supplements or changes to diet ...

Ferritins are iron-storage proteins that accumulate in plastids during seed formation, and also in leaves during senescence or iron overload. Iron release from ferritins occurs during growth of seedlings and greening of plastids. Depending on the concentration of the reducing agent ascorbate, either an overall iron release or uptake by ferritins from iron(III) citrate may occur. We have designed methods to measure these simultaneous and independent uptake and release fluxes. Each individual step of the exchange was studied using different iron chelates and an excess of ligand. It is shown that: (i) the chelated form of iron, and not ionic Fe3+, is the substrate for iron reduction, which controls the subsequent uptake by ferritin; (ii) iron uptake by ferritins is faster at pH 8.4 than at pH 7 or 6 and is inhibited by an excess of strongly binding free ligands; and (iii) strongly binding free ligands are inhibitory during iron release by ascorbate. When reactions are allowed to proceed ...

Objective: Iron overload is a serious, potentially fatal disorder characterized by the deposition of excess iron within tissues leading to functional impairment and reduced life expectancy. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin in protecting rats against iron overload-induced toxicity.. Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control, iron overload group, melatonin group and iron overload+melatonin group. Rats received ferric hydroxide poly maltose at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (three doses per week) for four weeks through intra peritoneal injections and received the melatonin subcutaneously (10 mg/kg/day) for four weeks.. Results: In iron overloaded rats, the iron status markers: serum, hepatic and renal tissues iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), transferrin and transferrin saturation percentage (TS %) were significantly increased, while a marked decrease in Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) was ...

Define iron-storage disease. iron-storage disease synonyms, iron-storage disease pronunciation, iron-storage disease translation, English dictionary definition of iron-storage disease. Noun 1. iron-storage disease - pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus...

Vulpe C.D., Kuo Y.M., Murphy T.L., Cowley L., Askwith C., Libina N., Gitschier J., Anderson G.J.. Iron is essential for many cellular functions; consequently, disturbances of iron homeostasis, leading to either iron deficiency or iron overload, can have significant clinical consequences. Despite the clinical prevalence of these disorders, the mechanism by which dietary iron is absorbed into the body is poorly understood. We have identified a key component in intestinal iron transport by study of the sex-linked anaemia (sla) mouse, which has a block in intestinal iron transport. Mice carrying the sla mutation develop moderate to severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Although these mice take up iron from the intestinal lumen into mature epithelial cells normally, the subsequent exit of iron into the circulation is diminished. As a result, iron accumulates in enterocytes and is lost during turnover of the intestinal epithelium. Biochemical studies have failed to identify the underlying difference ...

Objective: Iron deficiency still remains the most common nutritional deficiency throughout the world and is the leading cause of anaemia in children. Early recognition of iron deficiency, even before the development of anaemia is crucial to prevent the systemic complications of this disease. Methods: Ninety-seven school children between 5 and 16 years were stratified into prelatent iron deficiency (10 cases), latent iron deficiency (14 cases), overt iron deficiency anemia (13 cases), and controls (60 cases). All hemograms were performed on the same day of collection using the same Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer with reticulocyte indices included. Biochemical markers such serum iron, total iron binding capacity and percent saturation (calculated) in addition to serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptors were simultaneously measured. Data analysis was done using ANOVA test, generalized linear regression, and ROC curve. Results: Our study indicates that a panel based on hematologic parameters ...

Transferrin saturation, measured as a percentage, is a medical laboratory value. It is the value of serum iron divided by the total iron-binding capacity. Of the transferrin that is available to bind iron, this value tells a clinician how much serum iron is bound. For instance, a value of 15% means that 15% of iron-binding sites of transferrin are being occupied by iron. For an explanation of some clinical situations in which this ratio is important, see Total iron-binding capacity. The three results are usually reported together. Normal reference ranges are: Serum iron: 60-170 μg/dL (10-30 μmol/L) Total iron-binding capacity: 240-450 μg/dL Transferrin saturation: 15-50% (males), 12-45% (females) μg/dL = micrograms per deciliter μmol/L = micromoles per liter Laboratories often use different units and normal may vary by population and the lab techniques used. To help clinicians interpret their patients results, laboratories are generally also required to report their normal or reference ...

Systemic iron homeostasis requires multiple organs working in concert to maintain cellular iron concentrations for metabolism and RBC levels for systemic oxygen transport. Research over the past decade has shown that this system is centrally regulated by the liver-derived hormone hepcidin and requires intestinal iron absorption for the maintenance of postnatal systemic iron levels. However, a complete biological link between the liver and intestine during iron deficiency and in diseases of iron overload has remained unclear. The present work demonstrates that the liver controls the intestine through a hepatic hepcidin/intestinal HIF-2α axis that regulates physiological iron uptake during systemic iron deficiency and drives pathological iron absorption during iron overload caused by hepcidin deficiency. Paradoxically, using unbiased, high-throughput RNA-Seq, we show that the intestinal response to systemic iron deficiency and hepcidin deficiency-mediated iron overload is largely the same. The ...

To identify the mechanism through which nanoparticulate zero-valent iron (nZVI; Fe0(s)) damages cells, a series of experiments were conducted in which nZVI in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was exposed to oxygen in the presence and absence of human bronchial epithelial cells. When nZVI is added to PBS, a burst of oxidants is produced as Fe0 and ferrous iron (Fe[II]) are converted to ferric iron (Fe[III]). Cytotoxicity and internal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells exposed to nZVI is equivalent to the response observed when cells are exposed to the same concentration of dissolved Fe(II). Experiments conducted in the absence of cells indicate that the oxidant produced during Fe(II) oxidation reacts with methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, but not with compounds such as tert-butanol and benzoate that react exclusively with hydroxyl radical. The role of reactive oxidants produced during Fe(II) oxidation in cytotoxicity and internal ROS production is further supported by experiments in ...

Orissa Iron Ore Craton (SOIOC) hosts major hematite iron ore deposits in eastern India. Noamundi, Joda, Khondbond, Bolani, Barsua, Gua, Kiriburu and Meghataburu are the major deposits in this region. Lumps and fines are in the ratio of 50:50 and the high Received 18 February 2008. Accepted for publication 20 May 2009.Mineralogy of Iron Ores of Different Alumina Levels from ...rite etc. with complex chemical formulae. The main impurities in iron ore are SiO 2, Al 2O 3, S, P, TiO 2, and Na 2O & K 2O. Each steel company has its own blast furnace practice and the impact of these impurities varies accor-dingly. Iron ore is being used for iron and steel production. It is being used in two forms, lump and fines. Thehardness of sand and iron ore - perfect-placeshardness of sand and iron ore chromite ore hardness or you want to get the price of products of crushing grinding sand making etc Iron Chromium Oxide chromite ore hardness Know More hardness of iron ore minerals Iron ore Wikipedia the free ...

The molecular mechanisms by which iron is physiologically transported trough the cellular membranes are still only partially understood. Several studies indicate that a reduction step of ferric iron to ferrous is necessary, both in the case of transferrin-mediated and transferrin-independent iron uptake. Recent studies from our laboratory described gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (GGT) as a factor capable to effect iron reduction in the cell microenvironment. GGT is located on the outer aspect of plasma membrane of most cell types, and is often expressed at high levels in malignant tumors and their metastases. The present study was aimed at verifying the possibility that GGT-mediated iron reduction may participate in the process of cellular iron uptake. Four distinct human tumor cell lines, exhibiting different levels of GGT activity, were studied. The uptake of transferrin-bound iron was investigated by using 55Fe-loaded transferrin, as well as by monitoring fluorimetrically the intracellular iron

Background and Methods The involvement of iron in the risk for, and complications of, type 2 diabetes has generated substantial interest over the past 15 years, initially sparked by an association with raised serum ferritin, and the observation that people with iron overload diseases frequently develop diabetes. Considerable advances have since been made in understanding the effect glucose has on molecules, cells, and tissues; and the role that oxidative stress plays in the development of the pathologies of long-term diabetes. Poorly liganded iron is potentially both a contributor to, and consequence of, these complications. In vitro experiments with glucose-incubated transferrin by earlier workers have demonstrated loss of function with increasing glycation, leading to the suggestion that the failure of this key iron-binding protein may contribute to diabetic pathology, via the presence of redox active non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). In vitro glycated transferrin is examined here by ...

Article Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B by zero-valent iron/activated carbon system in the presence of microwave irradiation. Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in aqueous solution could be degraded rapidly by zero-valent iron/activated carbon in...

1. According to the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis there exists a functional difference between the two iron-binding sites of transferrin.. 2. The aim of the study presented was to evaluate this hypothesis in a homogeneous system, with human bone marrow cells and pure human monoferric transferrins A and B.. 3. For this reason normal human bone marrow cells were incubated with human monoferric transferrin. The monoferric transferrins A and B were obtained by selective labelling at different pH of apotransferrin followed by preparative isoelectric focusing in granulated gels. The uptake of iron by the cell suspensions from monoferric transferrins A and B was equal.. 4. In a heterogeneous but more active system for the removal of iron from human transferrin in vitro the two human monoferric transferrins did not show any significant functional differences.. 5. No support for the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis could be obtained. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Resistance training affects iron status in older men and women. AU - Murray-Kolb, L. E.. AU - Beard, J. L.. AU - Joseph, L. J.. AU - Davey, S. L.. AU - Evans, W. J.. AU - Campbell, W. W.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Objective: To examine the effects of resistance training on hematological and selected indices of iron status in 17 women aged 54-71 years and 18 men aged 56-69 years. Design: Tests and evaluations were done before and after all subjects participated in a resistance training program twice weekly for 12 weeks. Results: The resistance training was effective as evidenced by increases in skeletal muscle strength of 20 ± 9% and 23 ± 13% for the men and women, respectively. Hematological parameters and serum iron concentrations were within normal clinical ranges and were unchanged by resistance training for both the men and the women. Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation were also unaffected by resistance training in the women but were ...

Iron sequestration by host iron-binding proteins is an important mechanism of resistance to microbial infections. Inside oral epithelial cells, iron is stored within ferritin, and is therefore not usually accessible to pathogenic microbes. We observed that the ferritin concentration within oral epithelial cells was directly related to their susceptibility to damage by the human pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. Thus, we hypothesized that host ferritin is used as an iron source by this organism. We found that C. albicans was able to grow on agar at physiological pH with ferritin as the sole source of iron, while the bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae could not. A screen of C. albicans mutants lacking components of each of the three known iron acquisition systems revealed that only the reductive pathway is involved in iron utilization from ferritin by this fungus. Additionally, C. albicans hyphae, but not yeast cells, bound ferritin, and this binding was crucial for iron acquisition from ...

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Background: Iron deficiency anemia is common in patients (pts) with chronic heart failure (CHF) and associated with exercise intolerance. Iron deficiency may diminish exercise performance even in the absence of anemia. We tested the hypothesis that intravenous (iv) iron supplementation would safely improve exercise tolerance in anemic and non-anemic iron deficient CHF pts.. Methods: We randomly assigned 35 pts with CHF (age 64±13y, 25 male, peak oxygen consumption [pVO2]/kg 14.0±2.7 mL/min/kg, NYHA class II [n=18] / III [n=17], LVEF 30±7% [all ,45%]) and iron deficiency (ferritin ,100 ng/mL or ferritin 100-300 ng/mL with transferrin saturations [TSAT] ,20%) to 16 weeks of iv iron or no treatment in a 2:1 ratio. Randomization was stratified according to hemoglobin levels (,12.5 g/dL vs 12.5-14.5 g/dL) and centre. Treatment comprised of 200 mg iv iron sucrose weekly until iron repletion (repletion dose = weight (kg) × 2.4 × [15 - hemoglobin (g/dL)] + 500 mg) and 200 mg monthly thereafter. The ...

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Iron deficiency is an extremely common problem affecting all age groups including very young children, teenagers and the elderly.. Iron deficiency and its ill effects seem to spare no age group.. Symptoms of iron deficiency can include weakness, fatigue, dizziness, malaise, depression, sleepiness and even recurrent headaches.. A person with iron deficiency may have pale skin and their eyes may look pale without the normal red injection of the blood vessel usually seen.. Problems of iron deficiency can include chronic dizziness, unexplained fainting or loss of consciousness, and even severe headaches. It appears that iron deficiency predisposes to headaches and even sometimes to pseudotumor cerebri or marked brain swelling.. Again, it should be emphasized that iron deficiency is extremely common. This often relates to dietary inadequacy in young children.. In teenagers on a fast-food diet, lack of red meat intake can cause iron deficiency.. Further compounding this problem can be menstrual ...

As a screening test for iron deficiency or chronic total-body iron overload (such as hemochromatosis), an overnight fasting sample is best. If checking for acute iron poisoning, a diagnostic baseline sample taken at any time prior to treatment is optimal. Screening programs to detect iron overload much more frequently identify cases of iron deficiency (low iron)...a situation which demands diagnostic work up without any undue delay (there may be a serious & manageable reason)! An iron profile screen for serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC...STS serum transferrin saturation) gives a result that reflects the percentage iron saturation of the iron-binding sites on the transferrin protein (iron carrier protein). A percentage saturation ,55% is cause to look further for iron overload. This is a much more specific screening test than serum ferritin (many other causes of elevated ferritin especially are a non-fasting sample & also other liver disease, inflammation, recent multiple ...

Transcript:. Iron deficiency anemia is a fairly common condition, and it can lead to symptoms like being tired all the time, feeling cold, being breathless, because you dont have enough hemoglobin in your bloodstream. Common causes include hemorrhage (obviously if you have a car accident, you injure yourself, you lose a lot of blood), menstrual cycles in females (especially ladies who have a lot of menstrual flow), and grain consumption.. Now why in the world would the consumption of wheat and grains cause iron deficiency anemia? Some of the worst iron deficiency anemias, by the way, Ive ever seen, are in women, oddly mostly women, who consume grains. Ive seen women, for instance, go through blood transfusions, bone marrow biopsies, taking oral prescription iron supplements, getting iron injections, and still cant get their hemoglobin up. But they finally go wheat- and grain-free, and the hemoglobin comes up within two weeks.. Wheat and grain consumption is a very common and powerful cause ...

Iron sensor. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as aconitase when cellular iron levels are high. Functions as mRNA binding protein that regulates uptake, sequestration and utilization of iron when cellular iron levels are low. Binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES) in target mRNA species when iron levels are low. Binding of a 4Fe-4S cluster precludes RNA binding.

Acute administration of iron to rats has been previously shown to induce liver ferritin synthesis by increasing the translation of inactive cytoplasmic ferritin mRNAs for both heavy (H) and light (L) subunits by mobilizing them onto polyribosomes. In this report rat hepatoma cells in culture are used to explore the relationship of this response to intracellular iron levels. After adding iron as ferric ammonium citrate to the medium, latent ferritin H- and L-mRNAs were extensively transferred to polyribosomes, accompanied by increased uptake of [35S]methionine into ferritin protein. Because total cellular levels of L- and H-mRNA were not significantly changed by exposure to iron, the increased ferritin mRNAs on polyribosomes most probably come from an inactive cytoplasmic pool, consistent with the inability of actinomycin-D and of cordycepin to inhibit iron-induced ferritin synthesis. When deferoxamine mesylate, an intracellular iron chelator, was added after the addition of iron to the medium, ferritin

TY - JOUR. T1 - Iron absorption and hepatic iron uptake are increased in a transferrin receptor 2 (Y245X) mutant mouse model of hemochromatosis type 3. AU - Drake, S.F.. AU - Morgan, Evan. AU - Herbison, C.E.. AU - Delima, R.. AU - Graham, R.M.. AU - Chua, A.C.G.. AU - Leedman, Peter. AU - Fleming, R.E.. AU - Bacon, B.R.. AU - Olynyk, J.K.. AU - Trinder, Debbie. PY - 2007. Y1 - 2007. N2 - Iron absorption and hepatic iron uptake are increased in a transferrin receptor 2 (Y245X) mutant mouse model of hemochromatosis type 3. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G323-G328, 2007. First published August 24, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00278.2006.-Hereditary hemochromatosis type 3 is an iron (Fe)-overload disorder caused by mutations in transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2). TfR2 is expressed highly in the liver and regulates Fe metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate duodenal Fe absorption and hepatic Fe uptake in a TfR2 (Y245X) mutant mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis type 3. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin is decreased in pregnancy: a prospective longitudinal study. AU - van Santen, Susanne. AU - Kroot, Joyce J. C.. AU - Zijderveld, Gerard. AU - Wiegerinck, Erwin T.. AU - Spaanderman, Marc E. A.. AU - Swinkels, Dorine W.. PY - 2013/7. Y1 - 2013/7. KW - hepcidin. KW - iron homeostasis. KW - physiology. KW - pregnancy. U2 - 10.1515/cclm-2012-0576. DO - 10.1515/cclm-2012-0576. M3 - Article. C2 - 23241678. VL - 51. SP - 1395. EP - 1401. JO - Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. JF - Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. SN - 1434-6621. IS - 7. ER - ...

beneficiation Of haematite iron ore. beneficiation process of iron ore hematite dry separation. hematite iron ore roasting for beneficiation hematite beneficiation process for iron ore processing 183 apr 2014 iron ore is a mineral which is used after extraction and processing for the the main ores of iron usually contain iron, hematite or a typical flow sheet for iron ore sep 21, 2020 the current study investigates the effect of microwave processing on low-grade banded iron ore using charcoal, coking coal, and non-coking coal. charcoal showed better microwave heating response at low temperatures, and the coals exhibit better heating response at higher temperatures. low carbon dosage 12% is sufficient to generate concentrate with 61.8% iron grade and for 94.8% iron india, million tons of iron ore slimes are being gener-ated every year during the concentration of hematite ore and discarded without any further utility. In order to recover values from ultra-fines, several industries are employing ...

A 10-year-old male child came to our out-patient department (OPD) for evaluation of refractory anemia. He had received adequate dietary and oral iron supplementation but still required multiple blood transfusions. He had no anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps or bleeding from any site. There was no family history of blood transfusions. Laboratory investigations showed hemoglobin of 6.4 gm/dl, total leucocyte count 7600 cells/cumm, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 18 mm/hr at end of 1 hour, packed cell volume 22%, mean corpuscular volume 54.1fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 25.4gm/dL, Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) 17.2%, reticulocyte count 1.13%, serum ferritin 2.6ng/dL, serum iron 15ug/dL and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) 570 mcg/dL suggestive of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Peripheral film showed microcytic hypochromic anemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis and thyroid function tests were normal. Routine stool examination was normal and ...

A 10-year-old male child came to our out-patient department (OPD) for evaluation of refractory anemia. He had received adequate dietary and oral iron supplementation but still required multiple blood transfusions. He had no anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps or bleeding from any site. There was no family history of blood transfusions. Laboratory investigations showed hemoglobin of 6.4 gm/dl, total leucocyte count 7600 cells/cumm, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 18 mm/hr at end of 1 hour, packed cell volume 22%, mean corpuscular volume 54.1fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 25.4gm/dL, Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) 17.2%, reticulocyte count 1.13%, serum ferritin 2.6ng/dL, serum iron 15ug/dL and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) 570 mcg/dL suggestive of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Peripheral film showed microcytic hypochromic anemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis and thyroid function tests were normal. Routine stool examination was normal and ...

Western Australia Iron Ore , BHP, Integrated iron ore mines, rail and port operations in the Pilbara region of Western Australia Explore our global locations Western Australia Iron Ore (WAIO) is an integrated system of four processing hubs and five mines connected by more than 1,000 kilometres of rail infrastructure and port facilities in the Pilbara region of northern Western ,Iron Ore Company of Canada, The Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC) is a leading Canadian producer of iron ore concentrate and iron ore pellets that serves customers worldwide Discover more about the IOC today with Rio TintoIron Ore , 2007, Prices for iron ore cargoes with a 635% iron content for delivery into Tianjin remained above $160 per tonne in the third week of January, a level not seen since October of 2011 amid continued industrial demand from China Data showed that China imported 117 billion tonnes of iron ore, beating its previous record of 1075 billion tonnes in 2017 despite a decline in December shipmentsIron ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Safety and efficacy of rapid (1,000 mg in 1 hr) intravenous iron dextran for treatment of maternal iron deficient anemia of pregnancy. AU - Wong, Lee. AU - Smith, Samuel. AU - Gilstrop, Marisa. AU - Derman, Richard. AU - Auerbach, Sarah. AU - London, Nicola. AU - Lenowitz, Steven. AU - Bahrain, Huzefa. AU - Mcclintock, Jessica. AU - Auerbach, Michael. PY - 2016/6/1. Y1 - 2016/6/1. N2 - Maternal iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Oral iron is recommended to reverse anemia, but has gastrointestinal toxicity and frequent non-adherence. Intravenous (IV) iron is reserved for intolerance of, or unresponsiveness to, oral therapy, malabsorption, and severe anemia (1% with hemoglobin [Hgb] levels ,7 g/dL). With rare (,100 per one million) adverse events (AEs) ability to infuse a sufficient dose of low molecular weight iron dextran (LMWID) over 60 min, LMWID is an attractive option. This study demonstrated safety and efficacy of rapid IV ...

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An increased plasma transferrin level is often seen in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia, during pregnancy, and with the use of oral contraceptives, reflecting an increase in transferrin protein expression. When plasma transferrin levels rise, there is a reciprocal decrease in percent transferrin iron saturation, and a corresponding increase in total iron binding capacity in iron deficient states[10] A decreased plasma transferrin can occur in iron overload diseases and protein malnutrition. An absence of transferrin results from a rare genetic disorder known as atransferrinemia, a condition characterized by anemia and hemosiderosis in the heart and liver that leads to heart failure and many other complications. Transferrin and its receptor have been shown to diminish tumour cells when the receptor is used to attract antibodies.[5] ...

Subclinical iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed in a captive neonatal female Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) through blood samples obtained as part of an in-house training program for venipuncture. Routine blood testing performed at day 2 of age was within in-house and ISIS normal values for this species. Microcytic hypochromic anemia (HCT = 16 %; MCV = 38.4 fL; MCH = 13.3 ??g; MCHC = 34.6 g/dL) with thromboctyosis (platelets = 1018 * 103/?L) and poikilocytosis was diagnosed at day 38 of age. Iron dextran (10 mg/kg i.m.) was administered at day 40 and day 68 of age. Blood sampling at day 88 of age indicated improving hematocrit (32%) and low serum iron (45 ?g/dl; ISIS normal = 154 +/- 54 ?g/dl). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC; 438 ?g/dl), percent saturation (10%), ferritin (240 ng/ml), and haptoglobin (16 mg/dl) were also measured, but normal values are not established for this species. Repeat blood sampling through day 529 of age showed normalization of hematocrit and serum iron parameters ...

Background and Purpose: Brain iron overload plays a detrimental role in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A recent study found that minocycline acts as an iron chelator and reduces iron-induced neuronal death in vitro. The present study investigated if minocycline reduces iron overload after ICH and iron-induced brain injury in vivo.. Methods: This study was divided into three parts. (1) Male Sprague-Dawley rats with different sizes of ICH were euthanized 3 days later for serum total iron and brain edema determination. (2) Rats had an ICH treated with minocycline or vehicle. Rats were euthanized 1, 3 and 7 days later for serum iron, brain iron, and brain iron handling protein measurements. (3) Rats had a 50µl intracaudate injection of either saline, FeCl2, FeCl2+minocycline or FeCl2+macrophage/microglia inhibitory factor and were euthanized at one day later for measurements of brain edema, blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal death.. Results: After ICH, serum total iron ...

Several minerals and trace elements are essential for normal thyroid hormone metabolism, e.g., iodine, iron, selenium, and zinc. Coexisting deficiencies of these elements can impair thyroid function. Iron deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis by reducing activity of heme-dependent thyroid peroxidase. Iron-deficiency anemia blunts and iron supplementation improves the efficacy of iodine supplementation. Combined selenium and iodine deficiency leads to myxedematous cretinism. The normal thyroid gland retains high selenium concentrations even under conditions of inadequate selenium supply and expresses many of the known selenocysteine-containing proteins. Among these selenoproteins are the glutathione peroxidase, deiodinase, and thioredoxine reductase families of enzymes. Adequate selenium nutrition supports efficient thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism and protects the thyroid gland from damage by excessive iodide exposure. In regions of combined severe iodine and selenium deficiency, ...

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) convened a multidisciplinary task force to critically review the evidence for iron chelation and the rationale for treatment of transfusional iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The task force was charged with addressing issues related to tissue iron toxicity; the role of MRI in assessing iron overload; the rationale and role of treating transfusional iron overload in patients with MDS; and the impact of iron overload on bone marrow transplantation. This report summarizes the background data and ensuing discussion from the NCCN Task Force meeting on transfusional iron overload in MDS. ...

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) convened a multidisciplinary task force to critically review the evidence for iron chelation and the rationale for treatment of transfusional iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The task force was charged with addressing issues related to tissue iron toxicity; the role of MRI in assessing iron overload; the rationale and role of treating transfusional iron overload in patients with MDS; and the impact of iron overload on bone marrow transplantation. This report summarizes the background data and ensuing discussion from the NCCN Task Force meeting on transfusional iron overload in MDS. ...

Hemochromatosis (HH) is a condition that results from iron overload (too much iron in the body). There are several known types of hemochromatosis. The most common known is classic-type 1 or hereditary hemochromatosis. This type is caused by mutated (changed) copies of the HFE gene. Some people with classic-type 1 hemochromatosis never experience iron overload. Of those who do, the excess iron build up is very slow and disease onset is later in life. Iron overload can occur in infants, children, juveniles and teens but this type of iron overload is rarely from classic-type 1 hemochromatosis. Even if a child is born with two mutated copies of HFE, early iron loading is unusual unless other modifiers such as environmental, behavior, genetic or a combination of these are present ...

Objectives Iron overload is now recognized as a health problem in industrialized countries, as excessive iron is highly toxic for liver and spleen. The potential use of curcumin as an iron chelator has not been clearly identified experimentally in iron overload condition. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of curcumin to alleviate iron overload-induced hepatic and splenic abnormalities and to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms. Design and Methods Three groups of male adult rats were treated as follows: control rats, rats treated with iron in a drinking water for 2 months followed by either vehicle or curcumin treatment for 2 more months. Thereafter, we studied the effects of curcumin on iron overload-induced lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant depletion. Results Treatment of iron-overloaded rats with curcumin resulted in marked decreases in iron accumulation within liver and spleen. Iron-overloaded rats had significant increases in malonyldialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation and

Aim and Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the effect of health education and iron supplementation on haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) levels in adolescent girls. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in adolescent girls (13-19 years) in the selected schools of kanchipuram district. Group A received iron with folic acid supplementation whereas group B subjects received health education along with iron and folic acid supplementation. Hb concentration and Hct values were estimated using digital haemoglobin testing system at baseline and follow up (3 months later). Results: On the comparative assessment of iron supplementation with health education and iron supplementation alone, the present study showed a statistical significant increase in Hb and Hct levels in group B compared to group A subjects. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings suggest that health education and weekly iron folate supplementation can improve the Hb and Hct levels and also health education

DISCUSSION. In the present study, the prevalence of iron depletion and iron-deficiency anemia in five-year old children of a cohort in the city of Diamantina (MG), were investigated. It is important to mention that most studies on this topic in Brazil have investigated iron-deficiency anemia [2,5,7,8,12,25-29], and few have evaluated these two conditions [6,30,31]. Therefore, our data will, in most cases, be compared with studies that investigated iron-deficiency anemia.. In the present study, the prevalence of iron depletion (15.9%) was similar to that of iron-deficiency anemia (18.94%). This result differs from those of studies that also investigated these two conditions [6,30,31]. Castro et al. [6] assessed the factors associated with iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in children aged 6-60 months in an urban area of two municipalities in the state of Acre and identified prevalence of 43.5% of iron depletion, which is more than twice the value found for anemia (20.9%). Carvalho et al. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The effects of pH and the iron redox state on iron uptake in the intestine of a marine teleost fish, gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). AU - Cooper, C. A.. AU - Bury, N. R.. AU - Grosell, Martin. PY - 2006/3/1. Y1 - 2006/3/1. N2 - In the marine teleost intestine the secretion of bicarbonate increases pH of the lumen (pH 8.4 -9.0) and importantly reduces Ca2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations by the formation of insoluble divalent ion carbonates. The alkaline intestinal environment could potentially also cause essential metal carbonate formation reducing bioavailability. Iron accumulation was assessed in the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) gut by mounting intestine segments in modified Ussing chambers fitted to a pH-stat titration system. This system titrates to maintain lumen pH constant and in the process prevents bicarbonate accumulation. The luminal saline pH was clamped to pH 5.5 or 7.0 to investigate the effect of proton concentrations on iron uptake. In addition, redox state was altered ...

Background: Iron is an essential trace element in cell proliferation. Several investigations demonstrate that iron deprivation inhibits cell proliferation. However, the impact of iron on telomerase activity of activated lymphocytes remains unexplained to date. Objective: In this study, the effect of iron on the proliferation and telomerase activity of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were investigated. Methods: Iron loading was performed by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 500μM FeSO4.7H2O for 24 h and iron chelation was done by exposing cells to desferrioxamine, a potent iron chelator. The effects of silymarin, a flavonoid with both antioxidant and iron chelating activities, on the proliferation and telomerase activity of PHAactivated lymphocytes were also compared with desferrioxamine. Proliferation and telomerase activity were assessed using BrdU incorporation assay and Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP), respectively. Results: The proliferations of

There is no effective treatment for the cardiomyopathy of the most common autosomal recessive ataxia, Friedreich ataxia (FA). This disease is due to decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin, which leads to alterations in mitochondrial iron (Fe) metabolism. The identification of potentially toxic mitochondrial Fe deposits in FA suggests Fe plays a role in its pathogenesis. Studies using the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) conditional frataxin knockout mouse that mirrors the disease have demonstrated frataxin deletion alters cardiac Fe metabolism. Indeed, there are pronounced changes in Fe trafficking away from the cytosol to the mitochondrion, leading to a cytosolic Fe deficiency.. Read More: Identification of nonferritin mitochondrial iron deposits in a mouse model of Friedreich ataxia. ...

Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 7;372(19):1832-43.. Iron deficiency anemia in adults. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-adults/ . Updated March 14, 2019. Accessed February 12, 2020. Iron deficiency in children (infancy through adolescence). EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-children . Updated January 29, 2020. Accessed February 12, 2020.. Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet. 2016 Feb 27;387(10021):907-16.. 10/12/2010 DynaMed Plus Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T435307/Iron-deficiency-in-children-infancy-through-adolescence : Baker R, Greer F, Committee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics. Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0-3 years of age). Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):1040-1050. ...

ALS is characterized by oxidative damage in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, which is exerted by pro-oxidative activity of iron. Such activity of iron can be drastically increased in the presence of inappropriate iron ligands that catalyze redox cycling of iron, thereby promoting hydroxyl radical generation. The aim of our study was to determine the relative level of inappropriate iron ligands in the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. To determine the levels of inappropriate iron ligands and redox activity of iron in cerebrospinal fluid (10 samples from ALS patients and 10 controls), we applied electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We have shown that cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients comprises twofold increased level of inappropriate iron ligands, proportionally increasing iron redox activity and hydroxyl radical production compared to controls. In conclusion, our results strongly support the pro-oxidative/detrimental role of inappropriately chelated iron in ALS pathophysiology. ...

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A brief summary of the research carried out on the problem of geophagia is reported in this paper. Geophagia was a common finding among Turkish children and women in villages, associated with severe iron deficiency anemia in addition to zinc depletion. The syndrome characterized by geophagia, iron deficiency anemia, growth retardation, hypogonadism and zinc deficiency has been observed in both sexes in Turkey for several decades. Zinc deficiency has been also shown by our group in this syndrome. The decreased concentrations of zinc in serum, plasma, RBC, hair and urine were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Oral iron (both inorganic and radioactive iron) and zinc absorption tests were carried out with and without clay and revealed decreased iron and zinc absorption in some cases with prolonged geophagia. Therefore, malabsorption of iron and zinc was considered to be an additional and/or a new finding in the syndrome. Furthermore, Turkish clay most probably inhibits zinc absorption in a

Iron is a critical metal for essential cellular processes, such as respiration, in both human and microbial cells. Thus, in the context of infection, iron is a high-value cellular commodity and an evolutionist might reasonably expect a metallic tug-of-war between host and pathogen iron-binding proteins or other iron-binding molecules (siderophores). This speculation is impressively supported in a paper published this month (Barber and Elde, 2014). These authors provide strong evidence for positive selection affecting several sites in host (transferrin, Tf) and pathogen (transferrin binding protein A) iron-binding proteins based on a combination of genetic, structural, and functional experimental methods.. Tf is a ferric (Fe3+) iron-binding protein synthesized in the liver and secreted into the blood. This plasma protein contains two similar lobes, N (N-terminal) and C (C-terminal), each of which can bind one ferric iron ion. Tf serves to ferry iron absorbed from the intestines to cells, ...

SUMMARY Iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia are common nutritional and hematologic disorders. In infants and young children, iron deficiency is most commonly caused by insufficient dietary iron. Rarely, it can result from mutations in TMPRSS6, a gene encoding a membrane protease that serves normally as a transcriptional suppressor of the primary negative regulator of iron absorption, hepcidin. In young women, iron deficiency is most often the result of blood loss in menstruation or as a result of blood loss during pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation. In older adults, bleeding is often the cause of iron deficiency, and may originate from the gastrointestinal tract, as from hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer, hiatus hernia, colon cancer, or angiodysplasia; from the genitourinary tract; from uterine leiomyomas or carcinoma, or a renal tumor; or from the pulmonary tree, through chronic hemoptysis caused by infection or malignancy, or as a result of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Iron deficiency ...

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Ferritins (MW: ~ 450 kD) are polymeric proteins composed of 2 subunits a heavy chain and a light chain polypeptide, that reversibly bind and store iron in liver, spleen and bone marrow. The ferritin molecule consists of 24 self-assembling polypeptide subunits composed of the heavy and light chains. Ferritin light chain is the main intracellular iron storage protein. The proportion of heavy and light chain composing the ferritin molecule varies from tissue to tissue. This variation accounts for the differences in the rate of iron uptake and release in different tissues or organs. Recombinant Human Ferritin Light Chain is produced in E.coli as a single non-glycosylated polypeptide having a molecular weight of 19 kDa. Clinically, the monitoring of serum ferritin levels aides in the diagnosis and management of iron metabolic disorders. Serum levels increase in hepatic diseases, various malignancies, inflammation and late stage hemochromatosis. Ferritin levels are also indicative of the ero

Objective: Evidence suggests that abnormal iron metabolism is associated with Parkinson disease (PD), with raised iron levels found in pathologically affected areas in PD. It is unknown if this elevated iron is actually associated with neurons or reactive glia, and we therefore addressed this issue by determining if raised iron was present in single dopaminergic neurons.. Methods: We used unfixed frozen sections from postmortem tissue of PD patients and elderly normal individuals to avoid metal contamination and translocation. Levels of iron and other elements were measured using sensitive and specific wavelength dispersive electron probe x-ray microanalysis coupled with cathodoluminescence spectroscopy in individual substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.. Results: We identified raised intraneuronal iron in single defined substantia nigra neurons in PD (mean neuronal iron 2,838 vs 1,611, p , 0.0001) but not in other movement disorders such as Huntington disease. These findings were unrelated to ...

Lack of available iron is one of many environmental challenges that a bacterium encounters during infection and adaptation to iron starvation is important for the pathogen to efficiently replicate within the host. Here we define the transcriptional response of B. anthracis Sterne (34F2) to iron depleted conditions. Genome-wide transcript analysis showed that B. anthracis undergoes considerable changes in gene expression during growth in iron-depleted media, including the regulation of known and candidate virulence factors. Two genes encoding putative internalin proteins were chosen for further study. Deletion of either gene (GBAA0552 or GBAA1340) resulted in attenuation in a murine model of infection. This attenuation was amplified in a double mutant strain. These data define the transcriptional changes induced during growth in low iron conditions and illustrate the potential of this dataset in the identification of putative virulence determinants for future study.

The vibrational spectrum of an η[superscript 1],η[superscript 1]-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complex was measured by nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy and fit using an empirical force field analysis. Isotopic 18O2 labelling studies revealed a feature involving motion of the {Fe2(O2)}[superscript 4+] core that was not previously observed by resonance Raman spectroscopy ...

Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in Friedreichs ataxia. This autosomal recessive disease is caused by a homozygous guanine-adenine-adenine trinucleotide repeat expansion in the frataxin gene (chromosome 9q21). One untoward effect of frataxin deficiency is the lack of iron (Fe)-sulfur clusters. Progressive remodeling of the heart in FA, however, may be more specifically related to sarcoplasmic Fe overload.. Read More: Relation of Cytosolic Iron Excess to Cardiomyopathy of Friedreichs Ataxia. ...

Iron deficiency anemia is a condition in which the bodys supplies of iron are low, hindering the body from making enough red blood cells. Hemorrhoids may play a role in iron deficiency anemia.

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Study Flashcards On Hematology - Abnormal iron metabolic anemias, megaloblastic anemia at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want!

Based on the ability of phytosiderophores to chelate other heavy metals besides iron ( Fe), phytosiderophores were suggested to prevent graminaceous plants from cadmium (Cd) toxicity. To assess interactions between Cd and phytosiderophore-mediated Fe acquisition, maize (Zea mays) plants were grown hydroponically under limiting Fe supply. Exposure to Cd decreased uptake rates of 59 Fe(III)-phytosiderophores and enhanced the expression of the Fe-phytosiderophore transporter gene ZmYS1 in roots as well as the release of the phytosiderophore 2-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) from roots under Fe deficiency. However, DMA hardly mobilized Cd from soil or from a Cd-loaded resin in comparison to the synthetic chelators diaminetriaminepentaacetic acid and HEDTA. While nano-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed the formation of an intact Cd(II)-DMA complex in aqueous solutions, competition studies with Fe( III) and zinc( II) showed that the formed Cd(II)-DMA complex was weak. Unlike HEDTA, DMA ...

The article presents information on a study related to the efficacy of low-dose iron supplementation in older patients with iron-deficiency anemia. A randomized controlled trial of 90 patients was conducted in geriatric ward in a hospital in Rehovot, Israel. Low iron doses were given as liquid ferrous gluconate in a simple syrup to some patients. The study found that in older patients with iron-deficiency anemia, increases in hemoglobin levels did not differ between those receiving low-dose and conventional-dose iron supplementation ...

human iron metabolism wikipedia. functions of the kidney in a human body parts of the. form 5 chapter 3 homeostasis the kidney a malaysian. cell transport and homeostasis ck 12 foundation. frontiers systemic regulation of mineral homeostasis by. proposed transport of iron by the lung to maintain. cholesterol transport and homeostasis in the brain. iron homeostasis in plants a brief overview. calcium homeostasis pathway suite. ch103 chapter 8 homeostasis and cellular function.

Author(s): Hernando, Diego; Levin, Yakir S; Sirlin, Claude B; Reeder, Scott B | Abstract: Liver iron overload is the histological hallmark of hereditary hemochromatosis and transfusional hemosiderosis, and can also occur in chronic hepatopathies. Iron overload can result in liver damage, with the eventual development of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Assessment of liver iron levels is necessary for detection and quantitative staging of iron overload and monitoring of iron-reducing treatments. This article discusses the need for noninvasive assessment of liver iron and reviews qualitative and quantitative methods with a particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specific MRI methods for liver iron quantification include signal intensity ratio as well as R2 and R2* relaxometry techniques. Methods that are in clinical use, as well as their limitations, are described. Remaining challenges, unsolved problems, and emerging techniques to provide improved characterization

TY - JOUR. T1 - Posttranscriptional Regulation of Chimeric Human Transferrin Genes by Iron. AU - Cox, Laura A.. AU - Adrian, Gwendolyn S.. PY - 1993/5/1. Y1 - 1993/5/1. N2 - Transferrin, the transferrin receptor, and ferritin are integral to the bodys management of iron, an element required for life but highly toxic when present in excess. The transferrin receptor and ferritin are regulated posttranscriptionally by iron: the transferrin receptor by mRNA stability and ferritin by mRNA translation. Results described here indicate that transferrin, like ferritin, is regulated by iron at the level of translation. Chimeric genes introduced into the mouse genome were composed of the human transferrin 5′ regulatory region fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. Iron administration to transgenic mice resulted in a significant decrease of transferrin-directed CAT enzyme activity and CAT protein in liver, but no significant decrease in human transferrin-CAT mRNA levels. ...

Aims: Iron deficiency is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Appropriate iron substitution is critical and intravenous iron is an established therapy for these patients. The objective of this study was to assess treatment routine, effectiveness, and safety of iron isomaltoside (Monofer (R), Pharmacosmos A/S, Holbaek, Denmark) in CKD patients in clinical practice. Materials and methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in predialysis CKD patients treated with iron isomaltoside according to the product label and to routine clinical care. Results: The study included 108 patients with predialysis CKD: 22 were in stage 2 - 3, 41 in stage 4, and 45 in stage 5. The mean (standard deviation) age was 67 (15) years, and 55% of patients were male. The majority of patients (65%) received one iron isomaltoside treatment In patients with a baseline Hb amp;lt; 10 g/dL, the mean dose of iron isomaltoside in the study was lower than the estimated total iron requirement (567 ...

Ferritin is the intracellular protein responsible for the sequestration, storage and release of iron. Ferritin can accumulate up to 4500 iron atoms as a ferrihydrite mineral in a protein shell and releases these iron atoms when there is an increase in the cells need for bioavailable iron. The ferritin protein shell consists of 24 protein subunits of two types, the H-subunit and the L-subunit. These ferritin subunits perform different functions in the mineralization process of iron. The ferritin protein shell can exist as various combinations of these two subunit types, giving rise to heteropolymers or isoferritins. Isoferritins are functionally distinct and characteristic populations of isoferritins are found depending on the type of cell, the proliferation status of the cell and the presence of disease. The synthesis of ferritin is regulated both transcriptionally and translationally. Translation of ferritin subunit mRNA is increased or decreased, depending on the labile iron pool and is ...