TY - JOUR. T1 - Rapid detection of white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. AU - Kwak, Kevin T.. AU - Gardner, Ian. AU - Farver, Thomas B. AU - Hedrick, Ronald. PY - 2006/4/28. Y1 - 2006/4/28. N2 - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detection of white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV). The synthetic oligonucleotides WS 229F and WS 245R generate a 519 bp DNA amplicon from the WSIV genome that encodes the putative major capsid protein (MCP) gene. The WSIV PCR detected as little as 1 fg of plasmid DNA as mixed with 100 ng of host DNA. No amplicons were detected with the WSIV PCR assay upon testing of genomic DNA from uninfected white sturgeon spleen cell line (WSS-2), uninfected white sturgeon tissues, white sturgeon adenovirus (WSAV), Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AcHV-2), frog virus 3 (FV-3), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), and red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). The newly developed PCR assay was also evaluated with groups of ...

Iridoviridae is a family of viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes. Amphibia, fish, invertebrates, lepidoptera, and orthoptera insects serve as natural hosts. There are currently 12 species in this family, divided among two subfamilies and 5 genera. The name is derived from Iris the Greek goddess of the rainbow. This name was chosen because of the rainbow-like iridescence observed in heavily infected insects and pelleted samples of invertebrate iridoviruses. The term Iridovirus has an ambiguous meaning. It frequently appears in the literature as a description of any member of the Iridoviridae family. Yet it also is the name of a particular genus within Iridoviridae. Group: dsDNA Order: Unassigned Family: Iridoviridae Genus: Chloriridovirus Invertebrate iridescent virus 3 Genus: Iridovirus Invertebrate iridescent virus 1 Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 Genus: Lymphocystivirus Lymphocystis disease virus 1 Genus: Megalocytivirus Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus Genus: Ranavirus ...

Relationship of SGIV to other iridoviruses.Conservation of synteny and of gene order can give insights to assess structural conservation among the viral genomes within the family Iridoviridae. Conservation of synteny refers to a pair of genomes in which at least some of the genes are located at similar map positions regardless of the gene order or the presence of intervening genes. When the evolutionary distance is large, scrambling of the gene order and the presence of nonsyntenic intervening genes become frequent (23). Therefore, it is necessary to account for these features when studying iridovirus evolution.. To make comparisons between SGIV and five other iridovirus genomes (ATV, TFV, LCDV, ISKNV, or CIV), we shifted the starting coordinates and set the start codon (ATG) of MCPs as the first base for all viral genomes. We also altered sense and antisense strands on ATV, LCDV, ISKNV, and CIV genomes in order to get the same nucleotide order on MCPs individually. However, none of the ...

The genus Megalocytivirus, represented by red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), the first identified and one of the best characterized megalocytiviruses, Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus, and numerous other isolates, is the newest genus within the family Iridoviridae. Viruses within this genus are causative agents of severe disease accompanied by high mortality in multiple species of marine and freshwater fish. To date outbreaks of megalocytivirus-induced disease have occurred primarily in south-east Asia and Japan, but infections have been detected in Australia and North America following the importation of infected ornamental fish. The first outbreak of megalocytiviral disease was recorded in cultured red sea bream (Pagrus major) in Japan in 1990 and was designated red sea bream iridovirus disease (RSIVD). Following infection fish became lethargic and exhibited severe anemia, petechiae of the gills, and enlargement of the spleen. Although RSIV was

Image:13T.gif,thumb,200px,right,Iridovirus. From [http://www.sct.ub.es:801/Galeria/Galeria.htm UBWeb].]] ==Baltimore Classification== ===Higher order taxa=== Virus; Iridoviridae (Family); Iridovirus ===Species=== Example- Chilo iridescent virus (IV6) ==Description and Significance== The word Iridoviridae is derived from Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow. The rainbow-like iridescence observed in heavily infected insects and pelleted samples of invertebrates iridoviruses gives the virus this name. This iridescence fcilitated the first detection of an iridovirus in 1954. Iridoviruses have since been isolated from both invertebrates and non-mammalian vertebrate hosts. These hosts are mostly found in aquatic or moist environments. Iridoviruses pose significant problems to aquacultural practices but they could potentially be used in the biological control of insect pests. ==Genome Structure== The genome of the iridovirus is not segmented but contains a single molecule of linear ...

Killifish, fish guide for Variable Lampeye, Procatopus similis, Variable Lampeye Killifish identification and habitat, killifish pictures and fish information, Lampeye Killifish care for keeping the Killifish aquarium, lampeye breeding, Nigerian Lampeye, Yellow Lampeye

The emergence of an infectious viral disease caused by the Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) has led to substantial economic losses. However, no more molecular information is available for the understanding of the mechanisms associated with virus-host interaction. In this study, de novo sequencing was used to obtain abundant high-quality ESTs and investigate differentially-expressed genes in the spleen of Chinese giant salamanders that were either infected or mock infected with GSIV. Comparative expression analysis indicated that 293 genes were down-regulated and 220 genes were up-regulated. Further enrichment analysis showed that the most enriched pathway is complement and coagulation cascades, and significantly enriched diseases include inherited thrombophilia, immune system diseases, primary immunodeficiency, complement regulatory protein defects, and disorders of nucleotide excision repair. Additionally, 30 678 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from all spleen samples, 26 ...

Predicting antigens that would be protective is crucial for the development of recombinant vaccine using genome based vaccine development, also known as reverse vaccinology. High-throughput antigen screening is effective for identifying vaccine target genes, particularly for pathogens for which minimal antigenicity data exist. Using red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) as a research model, we developed ...

Staphylococcus aureus; RNA-binding proteins; T-lymphocytes; polypeptides; viral diseases of animals and humans; recombinant fusion proteins; brain; interleukin-2; tissue distribution; amino acids; spleen; gene expression regulation; introns; bacterial infections; pathogens; Vibrio vulnificus; transcription factors; complementary DNA; conserved sequences; immune response; kidneys; molecular cloning; exons; zinc finger motif; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; liver; Singapore grouper iridovirus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; fish diseases; grouper; Epinephelus coioides; sequence ...

There are many wild caught dwarf gourami about 1 inch with nice colors along with tiny 2cm long Indian glass fish and golden killifish. Can these be put in a discus aquarium after properly quarantining them. The dwarf gourami and glass fish seem very peaceful. Not sure about killifish.

One last little gourami thats worth a mention is the Honey gourami (Trichogaster chuna). The wild-type form of this species shows strong sexual dimorphism. Females are a fairly drab yellowy-brown with a dark band running from snout to tail, whereas males are deep golden-yellow with an extensive black patch that covers the chin, throat and belly. This dark patch is particularly well developed when the fish are in breeding condition, turning almost black. Males also have a distinctive yellow band across the top of the dorsal fin. Several artificial forms are sold as well and while these dont exhibit the interesting changes in colour that mark the wild-type fish, theyre nice-looking fish nonetheless. The most popular of these is probably the Red sunset form that is basically orangey-red in colour.. Compared to the Dwarf gourami, the Honey gourami is smaller, shyer, and more prone to hiding in aquaria with boisterous tank mates. Wild-caught specimens have had the reputation for being sensitive ...

I have had a male dwarf gourami in a ten gallon tank for a little over a year and he was getting slower and slower over a week and after a while he would...

Hello everyone. Two days ago i went to the store and i bought two Dwarf Gouramis, and Ive got only a problem with one of them : He isnt active at all, not eating, not moving, and keep being at one place and i never saw him eating this two days. Today I woke up and I saw him laying on the bottom on his side, I knocked easily on the aquariums glass to wake up him, immediately he woke up, swam few seconds in the area he stays, then got back and stayed there. The other one is

The TWiV posse considers viral insulin-like peptides encoded in fish genomes, and antiviral immunity in insects by production of viral DNA from defective genomes of RNA viruses.. ...

Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Jian Du, Liqing Wang, Yuanxian Wang, Jian Shen, Chuanyin Pan, Yan Meng, Changming Yang, Hong Ji, Wuzi Dong].

Donny, the blue dwarf., Welcome to our friendly aquarium forum. We are happy to talk fish, answer your questions and help solve your problems. Join today. Its free!

The effect of different concentrations of synthetic Gynogen (17β - Estradiol)on the adult fish, Trichogasterlaliuswas studied in the present investigation. It was found that fishes fed with homogenous mixture of the hormone in ethyl alcohol exhibited phenotypical, morphometric, gonadal changes and differences in GSI value. Significant differences for length, weight, body color and GSI values were observed between hormones treated and control groups. Hormone treated groups (i.e. 5 mg/Kg, 10 mg/Kg and 15 mg/Kg) were showing less color than the control groups. However, among the treated group; 15 mg/Kg was showing less coloration than 10 mg/Kg and 5 mg/Kg of hormone treated groups at the end of the experiment. The maximum length of 4.22 cm obtained in 5 mg/kg treated fish in 90th day whereas a minimum of 3.43 cm obtained in initial day in controlled fishes. The maximum weight of 1.3839 g was obtained in control fish in 45th day whereas a minimum of 0.915g was obtained in initial in 15 mg/kg treated fish.

General: The captive-bred Gold Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) is a variation of the Three-Spot Gourami, native to the wetlands of Southeastern Asia. Much like the Corydoras Catfish, the Gold Gourami has adapted well to the wetland environment. The Gold Gourami is a facultative air-breather, meaning it comes to the surface to breathe during naturally anoxic (without oxygen) periods that stagnant bodies of water sometimes undergo. The Gold Gourami can become rather aggressive as they reach maturation, and will make an ideal companion for a semi-aggressive community setting. Fecundity: This bubble-nest builder can produce up to 800 eggs per clutch. It is largely beneficial to include floating, aquatic plants in the breeding tank as the male Gold Gourami will utilize them to help construct a nest. Preferred Water Chemistry: Neutral (6.2 to 8.2 pH), intermediate water hardness (6 to 18dGH). Aquarium Diet (omnivore): Brine shrimp, blackworms, general flakes, omnivore pellet, ...

This chapter presents information on infectious diseases of free-living frogs and toads that have completed metamorphosis. The diseases discussed in this chapter pertain principally to sub-adult and adult frogs and toads that are at least 60-90 days removed from completion of metamorphosis. The main emphasis of this chapter is the diseases found in amphibians of Canada and the United States. Diseases of recent metamorphs, larvae and amphibian eggs are presented in the chapters Diseases of Amphibian Eggs and Embryos and Diseases of Tadpoles. The smallest disease agents (viruses and bacteria) are presented first, followed by fungi, protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites. Diseases presented in this chapter are Ranaviral (iridovirus) infection Lucke frog herpesvirus (kidney cancer) Frog erythrocytic virus West Nile virus Red-leg disease (bacterial septicemia) Salmonellosis Chytrid fungal infection Basidiobolus fungi Dermosporidiosis Ichthyophoniasis Dermocystidium & Dermomycoides Myxozoa Ribeiroia flukes and

muestreadas, basado en el carbono de N. nitida.. DISCUSSION. We found large variability of tree species composition and tree carbon content among the sampled plots, which suggested that they represent different successional stages. In general, biotic variables showed a better predictive value of the total tree carbon stock.. We used five specific allometric functions and a general function for the rest of the species present in our study, which were proposed by Gayoso et al. (2002) (table 1) to estimate total carbon. The only allometric model that we found in literature specifically built in Chiloé was reported by Naulin (2002) for D. winteri (DBH range: 7 - 32 cm). We used the DBH data from Naulin (2002) to test the agreement between her model and Gayoso et al. s and the result was an almost perfect linear relation (slope = 1.0053, R2 = 0.98, N = 15). This suggests that using the models of Gayoso et al. (2002) in Chiloé in other areas is reasonable, having the advantage that their models ...

muestreadas, basado en el carbono de N. nitida.. DISCUSSION. We found large variability of tree species composition and tree carbon content among the sampled plots, which suggested that they represent different successional stages. In general, biotic variables showed a better predictive value of the total tree carbon stock.. We used five specific allometric functions and a general function for the rest of the species present in our study, which were proposed by Gayoso et al. (2002) (table 1) to estimate total carbon. The only allometric model that we found in literature specifically built in Chiloé was reported by Naulin (2002) for D. winteri (DBH range: 7 - 32 cm). We used the DBH data from Naulin (2002) to test the agreement between her model and Gayoso et al. s and the result was an almost perfect linear relation (slope = 1.0053, R2 = 0.98, N = 15). This suggests that using the models of Gayoso et al. (2002) in Chiloé in other areas is reasonable, having the advantage that their models ...

We started a 10gal freshwater tank about 6 weeks ago, we started with a Guppy and a Dwarf Gourami. We also bought one live plant from Meijer, and now our...

I just started my aquarium almost a week ago when I added 2 dwarf gouramis and 3 ghost shrimp but I woke up this morning and one of my fish had died my water parameters were fine when I checked it, I

Some pictures of my aquariums as they look this month...They are all works in progress, of course....particularly now, soon after a plague. The 55-gallon houses a powder blue dwarf gourami, six

Genotypic variants of HPV16 are defined as having less than 2% differences in the major capsid protein gene with respect to the prototype genome have been ident...

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IB530 For 5% OFF Min Spend $30 , IB1060 For 10% OFF Min Spend $60 , IB15120 For 15% OFF Min Spend $120 , FREE Local Delivery For Orders Above $60. ...

Hello everybody. Lets talk about alternative leaders, a mechanism that had in Civ4 and was brought to Civ6, this time leaders can add different...

After getting bored of civ5 once again, my friends have suggested we play civ4. Weve played various MP modes before, but this time wed like to try...

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase holoenzyme provides the precursors necessary for viral DNA synthesis. Allows virus growth in non-dividing cells. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides (By similarity).

Adult strawberry root weevils are about 5 to 8 mm long. They are usually black, but some may be light-to dark-brown. They have rows of round punctures on the wing covers. All the adults are females. They cannot fly. Larval root weevils are legless grubs with pinkish-white C-shaped bodies and brown heads. They are about 6 mm long.. Root weevils reproduce asexually and all root weevils are therefore female. These beetles are unable to fly and are active at night. Most root weevils overwinter as larvae near the roots of their host plants. In spring they pupate and adults begin to emerge in early July. Adult weevils are 5-9 mm long and vary in colour from black to light brown to gray in colour, depending upon the species. In late July, the females deposit the eggs near the crown of the host plant. The eggs hatch and the larvae burrow into the soil to feed on the roots for the remainder of the season. Larvae are legless grubs with whitish bodies and brown heads and reach a length of 6 mm. There is ...

The US Geological Survey reported August 13 that a virus known to cause illness in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) has also been found in northern snakeheads (Channa argus), an invasive species now found in the Chesapeake Bay. This discovery comes from a USGS and Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries study on introduced pathogens in northern snakeheads in Virginia. The virus has previously been discovered in other fish species, including sunfish, but has only been shown to cause disease in largemouth bass.. The first reported case of Largemouth Bass virus (LMBV) in the United States was from Florida in 1991; since then, it has been found throughout the eastern, southern, and Midwestern states. Scientists are still unsure of how it originated and why it only causes disease in largemouth bass, but not in other species. When it does cause illness, affected fish often have trouble swimming and staying upright and can be seen floating near the surface of the water. LMBV belongs to ...

Infection with Rana grylio virus (RGV), an iridovirus isolated in China in 1995, resulted in a high mortality rate in frogs. The complete genome sequence of RGV was determined and analyzed. The genomic DNA was 105,791 bp long, with 106 open reading frames (ORFs). Dot plot analysis showed that the gene order of RGV shared colinearity with three completely sequenced ranaviruses. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on concatenated sequences of iridovirus 26 core-gene-encoded proteins, and the result showed high bootstrap support for RGV being a member of the genus Ranavirus and that iridoviruses of other genera also clustered closely. A microRNA (miRNA) prediction revealed that RGV could encode 18 mature miRNAs, many of which were located near genes associated with virus replication. Thirty-three repeated sequences were found in the RGV genome. These results provide insight into the genetic nature of RGV and are useful for laboratory diagnosis for vertebrate iridoviruses ...

Four species of root weevil are established in Colorado including strawberry root weevils, lilac root weevils, black vine weevils and rough strawberry root

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Red sea bream, Pagrus major, is a important aquaculture fish species both in Korea and Japan and many genetic studies of this species were carried out for aquaculture purpose. In this paper we reported the effects of selection by fish size on growth enhancement of Korean strain of red sea bream and the comparative growth performance of selected Korean strain and cultured Japanese strain and their reciprocal intraspecific hybrids. Selection effects on growth performance of Korean strainOffspring from selected line (5th generation of selection) showed significantly better performance in body weight, body length, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed consumption (but not in feed conversion ratio) than offspring from non-selected line (2nd generation of wild) at sea cages rearing trials with communal stocking. At 36 months of age offspring from selected line grew faster 1.49 times in body weight than offspring from non-selected line.Growth of selected Korean, cultured Japanese and their ...

CORVALLIS Ore. White sturgeon populations in the Columbia River may ...The research by Carl Schreck and Grant Feist biologists in OSUs Coll...Their research shows that white sturgeon living in the Columbia River ... We dont know the exact source of contamination Schreck said. The ...The OSU researchers say it is difficult to estimate the numbers of stu...,Contaminants,linked,to,sturgeon,decline,in,Columbia,river,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

Recently, commercial aquaculture farms in Northern California have exposed gravid, cultured white sturgeon females to cold water (12 ?? 1??C) throughout the late phase of vitellogenesis and ovarian follicle maturation resulting in improved ovulation rates and egg quality. However, the optimum timing for transfer of broodfish to the cold water and the capacity of transferred broodfish to maintain reproductive competence over an extended time in cold water had not been evaluated. Gravid white sturgeon females that have been raised at water temperatures of 16-20??C were transported to either cold water (12 ?? 1??C; Group 1) in November 1997 or maintained in ambient water temperatures (10-19??C; Group 2) until early spring. In March 1998, half of the fish in Group 2 had regressed ovaries, but the remaining females had intact ovarian follicles and were transported to the cold water. Ovarian follicles and blood were collected from females until they reached the...

in the present study juveniles of Trichogaster lalius were exposed to different concentration of spirulina powder incorporated diets to observe the impact in pigmentation of the respective fish in the captive condition.

description.provenance : Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T17:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 POTENTIAL MONITORING STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ROOT WEEVIL MANAGEMENT IN NURSERY AND SMALL FRUIT CROPS.pdf: 105097 bytes, checksum: e80a1b396e66c0561ead9547d5f494b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006- ...

Hello. Im a graduate student at the University of Toronto, working towards a neuroethology degree in Zoology. My research focuses on the characterisation of the neurological subtrate underying tymbal sound production in a variety of hexapods. Im currently looking for a better, quicker way to nail down pathways, as Im hoping to examine the information-processing capability of a central pattern generator, and most of the interneurons are unknown. My first choice was to use an Iridovirus to trans-synaptically trace the pathway. Unfortunately, the lab I work in is not geared for class 2 biohazard protocols. Im now looking for other possible routes for trans-synaptic (and hopefully flourescent) labeling. The only prep Ive found after many exhaustive literature searches is Horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ lectin. If this prep works (as far as I can tell, no one has intracellulary ionotophoresed this into insect neurons), this will only travel anterograde. My CPG is probably a ...

Articles , Fishwise- liquid detergent blue powder gourami ,Honey Gourami (Trichogaster chuna) are sweet and sensitive little fish belonging to the Anabantoid (Gourami) family, meaning like Betta fish they use a Labyrinth organ to take in air and are also Bubble-nesters. However, unlike Betta fish, the male and Honey Gourami …US Patent Application for Animal Feed Additives Comprising ...The liquid formulation may be sprayed onto the feed after it has been pelleted or may be added to drinking water given to the animals. For a solid formulation, the formulation may be for example as a granule, spray dried powder ...

This disease card provides information on signs of disease, the disease agent, known host range, distribution, molecular diagnostic methods and key contacts

Help us build the Amazon Research Center for Ornamental Fishes in Iquitos, Peru | Check out Amazon Research Center for Ornamental Fishes on Indiegogo.

Best wishes, Neale.,. Shrimp Tonight ... adding to FW 1/22/06 I am going to setup a 29 gallon freshwater aquarium. I was thinking about putting in 7 Zebra Danios, 9 Harlequin Rasboras, 4 Dwarf Gouramis, and about 10 Ghost Shrimp. I have a 50 gallon AquaClear Power filter and a 30 gallon undergravel that I will be using with air to circulate the undergravel. Would the Ghost Shrimp be ok with these other species? Would I be able to put in more fish or is this the max I should go? Any suggestions on other fish if possible? , The problem with adding shrimp is the fact that every once in awhile they need to shed their exoskeleton as they grow. When they do this their skin is soft and they have no protection and become mobile banquet blocks. Go with this set up at first and see how it goes for awhile. Meanwhile check out some other fish and check the nitrates periodically. If you can continue to keep the nitrates under 25 ppm between water changes then i think you can add a few more fish depending on ...

Best wishes, Neale.,. Shrimp Tonight ... adding to FW 1/22/06 I am going to setup a 29 gallon freshwater aquarium. I was thinking about putting in 7 Zebra Danios, 9 Harlequin Rasboras, 4 Dwarf Gouramis, and about 10 Ghost Shrimp. I have a 50 gallon AquaClear Power filter and a 30 gallon undergravel that I will be using with air to circulate the undergravel. Would the Ghost Shrimp be ok with these other species? Would I be able to put in more fish or is this the max I should go? Any suggestions on other fish if possible? , The problem with adding shrimp is the fact that every once in awhile they need to shed their exoskeleton as they grow. When they do this their skin is soft and they have no protection and become mobile banquet blocks. Go with this set up at first and see how it goes for awhile. Meanwhile check out some other fish and check the nitrates periodically. If you can continue to keep the nitrates under 25 ppm between water changes then i think you can add a few more fish depending on ...

A roving survey in maize growing mandals in Krishna and Guntur districts during kharif 2017-18, kharif 2018-19 to record the incidence and damage per cent of Chilo partellus (swinhoe) in the farmer fields. In Krishna district, the maximum leaf infestation was observed in Musunuru mandal in 2017-18 (20.33%) and 2018-19 (24.99) and lowest infestation is recorded in Veerullapadu mandal in 2017-18 (8.59%) and 2018-19 (11.92). In Guntur district, the maximum leaf infestation was observed in Pedanandipadu mandal in 2017-18 (22.68%) and 2018-19 (24.11) and lowest infestation is recorded in Narsaraopet mandal and in 2017-18 (9.84%) and 2018-19 (14.91). However, overall mean infestation was high in Guntur district in kharif 2017-18 (16.68%), 2018-19 (21.56%) than in Krishna district in kharif 2017-18 (13.03%) and 2018-19 (17.76%).The per cent dead hearts, stem tunneling, no of larvae, no of pupae and exit holes also followed the same trend.

Fishes from several waterways in Maryland have been tested for pathogens. This map illustrates the presence or absence of Largemouth Bass Virus (LMBV) and Whirling Disease in several species.. ...

This beetle typically has a one year life cycle, although considerable variation exists in developmental times. Most adults emerge in spring and early summer, but others may emerge throughout the year. An adult female weevil lays clusters of eggs on leaves that are folded and glued together. The eggs hatch in 7-10 days, and the newly emerged larvae drop to the soil. The larvae enter the soil and feed upon the roots of plants for several months. The larvae then pupate in the soil. Adults hatch from the pupae in about 2-4 weeks, but may remain in the pupal chamber for a month or more before emerging from the soil. Generation times vary between 5-18 months depending on environmental conditions. Adults typically live 4-5 months, and a female can lay around 5000 eggs in her lifetime. Natural dispersal of the DRW is slow because although the adults are capable of flight, they tend to stay on whatever host plant they first encounter and the dispersal rate of adults is estimated to be less than 300 ...

A database that provides information on more than 200 native tree and shrub species, and on almost 300 insects and 200 diseases found in Canadas forests.

Grouper is a popular fish among the health-conscious, possessing a lovely, mild flavor which lends itself to a variety of preparations. Add your favorite seasonings to the grouper fillets before you wrap them up and put them in the oven, and youll wind up with a moist, flavorful fish dish.

Black grouper at Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. U.S. wild-caught black grouper is a smart seafood choice because it is sustainably managed and responsibly harvested under U.S. regulations.

One million tiny insects are going to make a huge economic difference to the Southland region this autumn, thanks to the joint efforts of AgResearch, Beef + Lamb New Zealand, DairyNZ and Environment Southland. The project, which has been releasing parasitised clover root weevils on Southland farms for some time, is being considerably accelerated. If […]. ...

For the last 9 months I was unable to keep any fry to survive past 10 days. Most of the babies started to die on the second day and all died by the 4 or 5 day. Sometime some of the babies passed Meta Phase but all died by the 9 or 10 days ...

They hatch sooner than other damsels,and unless you record when they spawned,and how many days yours are taking to hatch,it´s hard to tell when the eggs are ready,because you don´t see refringent eyes within the eggs.A way I found to find out when they will hatch,is to siphon some few eggs and put them in a Petri dish in the dark for 15 minutes.If they hatch,I can pull the whole nest ...

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Im working on iridoviruses infecting erythrocytes of poikilotherms which are often misinterpreted as protozoan parasites. I would like to make contacts with anyone interested in these infections. E-mail address is zmtlopes at cc.fc.ul.pt my name is A.P. Alves de Matos ...

So I had a well established 55 gallon aquarium with some Rasboras, dwarf rainbows, 3 Gold Gouramis And 3 pearl Gouramis. I had the aquarium running for over...

One small spot I would first assume to be damage from hitting something, or another fish maybe ramming it. If this is the case you will need to keep an eye out for secondary fungal infections. These too I find usually clear themselves with good water quality and the fungus often later falls off revealing a clean and healed wound underneath ...

Seachem Vitality is suitable for both freshwater and marine ornamental fish, this supplement will restore essential elements. Best price guaranteed from Swell UK.

Are IDs for groups limited in scope? Or, like IDs for users, will they be referenced so widely that we may bump into technologies that constrain the chars that can be referenced ...

A sad day for BonsaiSite. They have lost Will, Grouper52. I dont know all the details. Will seems to have quit this forum a couple of times but kept coming back. This time he may be gone for good, but...