TY - JOUR. T1 - Measuring the solubility of benzoic acid in room temperature ionic liquids using chronoamperometric techniques. AU - He, W.. AU - Silvester, D.S.. AU - Streeter, I.. AU - Aldous, Leigh. AU - Hardacre, Christopher. AU - Compton, R.G.. PY - 2009/1. Y1 - 2009/1. N2 - The electrochemical reduction of benzoic acid (BZA) has been studied at platinum micro-electrodes (10 and 2 mu m diameters) in acetonitrile (MeCN) and six room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs): [C(2)mim][NTf2], [C(4)min][NTf2], [C(4)mpyrr][NTf2], [C(4)mim][BF4], [C(4)mim][NO3] and [C(4)mim][PF6] (where [C(n)mim](+)=1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, [NTf2](-)=bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide, [C(4)mpyrr](+)=N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, [BF4](-)=tetrafluoroborate, [NO3](-)=nitrate and [PF6] = hexafluorophosphate). Based on the theoretical fitting to experimental chronoamperometric transients in [C4mpyrr][NTf2] and MeCN at several concentrations and on different size electrodes, it is suggested that a fast chemical step ...

Room Temperature Ionic liquids are relatively more useful in the synthesis of inorganic nanostructured materials because of their unique properties. To synthesize the iron oxide nanoparticle in simple precipitation method, a novel ionic liquid was used as the greener medium and stabilizing agent namely “1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate [BMIM][TfO]”. The crystallinity, chemical structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the synthesized magnetite nanoparticles have been characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy(AFM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies. The XRD study is divulge that the synthesized magnetite nanoparticles have inverse spinel face centered cubic structure. The FT-IR vibration peaks show the formation of Fe|sub|3|/sub|O|sub|4|/sub| nanoparticles, where the vibration peak for Fe-O is deliberately

Copper(ii) can be extracted in supercritical CO2 from a room temperature ionic liquid using CO2-philic fluorinated β-diketonate ligands; thanks to the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTf2N) ionic liquid properties, there is no need to add modifiers to the neat supercritical

TY - JOUR. T1 - Probing the effect of a room temperature ionic liquid on self-assembled structure of phospholipid membrane. AU - Bhattacharya, G.. AU - Gupta, R.. AU - Sen, D.. AU - Aswal, V. K.. AU - Ghosh, S. K.. PY - 2019/7. Y1 - 2019/7. M3 - Meeting Abstract. VL - 48. SP - S68-S68. JO - EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS. JF - EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS. SN - 0175-7571. ER - ...

Herein, we present a computational and experimental study assessing the solubility of tobramycin 1 in a series of hydrophilic room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). We show that hydrophilic ionic liquids, in particular those containing acetate, [OAc]-, enable significantly enhanced solubilisation of tobramycin in comparison to conventional molecular solvents ...

Abstract: Supercapacitors, advanced electrochemical devices, have attracted great interest due to their extraordinary properties, such as high power density, fast charging or discharging rate, and ultra-long cycle life. Currently, great efforts have been devoted to increasing their moderate energy density (typically , 5 Wh·kg-1). Especially, room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been considered as a promising electrolyte for further improving supercapacitors performances owing to their large voltage window, high thermal stability, and wide working temperature range. However, RTILs suffer from the high viscosity and poor conductivity stemming from their strong cation-anion interactions. In this work, we investigate the influences of solvent on the capacitive performance within RTIL-based supercapacitors. Activated graphene powders are employed as the electrode active materials, and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) is chosen as the electrolyte because of the wide ...

Pages that link to Electrospun polymer membrane activated with room temperature ionic liquid: Novel polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries ...

Differential capacitances were measured in 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (PMIBF4) ionic liquid at three different electrode substrates (Hg, GC (glassy carbon) and Au) as a function of potential. Essentially different capacitance-potential curves were obtained at different electrodes. From the parabolic electrocapillary curve measured at dropping Hg electrode in PMIBF4, the potential of zero charge (PZC) was found to be −0.31 V vs. Ag/AgCl (wire). However, the capacitance-potential curve at Hg electrode was found not to show any valley related to the PZC, whereas at GC and Au electrodes a minimum was observed at 0.29 and −0.51 V, respectively. The results are in disagreement with the recent theoretical study which implies that the capacitance-potential curve should be of bell shape with the maximum value of capacitance at PZC. The parabolic capacitance-potential curve similar to those obtained in inorganic molten salts was also observed for the first time at GC electrode. Probable

The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution by some ionic liquids (ILs) namely, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [HMIM][TfO], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM][BF4], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [HMIM][PF6], and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide [HMIM][I] was investigated using electrochemical measurements, spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. All the ILs showed appreciably high inhibition efficiency. At 303 K, the results of electrochemical measurements indicated that the studied ILs are mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption studies showed that all the four ILs adsorb spontaneously on steel surface with [HMIM][TfO], [HMIM][BF4] and [HMIM][I] obeying Langmuir adsorption isotherm, while [HMIM][PF6] conformed better with Temkin adsorption isotherm. Spectroscopic analyses suggested the formation of Fe/ILs complexes. Some quantum chemical parameters were calculated to corroborate experimental results ...

Three brønsted acidic ionic liquids, 1-methylimidazolium acetate ([Hmim][CH3COO]), 1-methylimidazolium propionate ([Hmim][CH3CH2COO]) and 1-methylimidazolium butyrate ([Hmim][CH3CH2CH2COO]) were used as reaction medium for atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB)/CuBr as the initiating system. Kinetic studies, chain extension and block copolymerization confirmed the well-controlled manner of these polymerizations in three brønsted acidic ionic liquids. The reactions were fast and the polydispersities of the polymers were quite narrow (1.10,Mw/Mn,1.34). The rate of polymerization in [Hmim][RCOO] decreased with the increasing alkyl chain lengths (n from 1 to 3), indicating a strong dependence of reaction rate on the length of the substituted groups of the anions in ionic liquids. ...

The high viscosity of ionic liquids is an impediment to their use in solvent-based processes. This property is even higher when ionic liquids are combined with solid solute. When SC-CO 2 (supercritical carbon dioxide) is dissolved in an ionic liquid, the mixture viscosity can be considerably reduced: at 25 MPa the mole fraction of CO 2 in [BMIm + ][PF 6-] reaches 80% and the viscosity is reduced by 90%. Ionic liquids are so numerous and expensive as well as high-pressure processes. Although both have great potential to make processes safer, cleaner and more efficient. That is why to develop an ionic liquid solvent-based processes using micro-device. The main objective of using this apparatus in this study is to allow ionic liquid screening. An additional advantage of the small length scale is the potential for high-pressure applications due to lower mechanical stress in the micro-device material. Furthermore, the micro-device developed [1,2] is transparent, uses micro-capillaries technology and resist

The use of alkyl-3-methylimidazolium alkylsulfonate ionic liquids for implementing aqueous biphasic systems is studied in this work for the first time. The ability of high charge density inorganic salts, such as K3PO4, to promote phase segregation in aqueous solutions containing the ionic liquids 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfonate ([C(1)mim][C1SO3]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexylsulfonate ([C(2)mim][C6SO3]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium butylsulfonate ([C(2)mim][C4SO3]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfonate ([C(4)mim][C1SO3]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfonate ([C(4)mim][C2SO3]), 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfonate ([C(5)mim][C1SO3]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfonate ([C(6)mim][C1SO3]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfonate ([C(6)mim][C2SO3]) was experimentally determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. In general, the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquids studied is affected by the increase of the alkyl chain length. However, the position of the

TY - JOUR. T1 - Ion chromatography as a novel method to quantify the solubility of pyridinium ionic liquids in organic solvents. AU - Onink, Ferdy. AU - Meindersma, Wytze. AU - Burghoff, Bernhard. AU - Weggemans, Wilko. AU - Aerts, Guus. AU - De Haan, André. PY - 2014/2/18. Y1 - 2014/2/18. N2 - A validated ion chromatographic method was developed and applied for the determination of the maximum solubility of pyridinium ionic liquids in several aromatic solvents. Elution was performed on a Metrosep C3-150 prototype column at 40°C with acetonitrile-water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. Mixtures of pyridinium ionic liquids and aromatic solvents were diluted with acetonitrile and acetone on a 1:1:2 weight base before the analysis. The chromatographic time only took 20 min. The standard curves for both pyridinium ionic liquids ([4-mebupy]BF4 and [3-mebupy]N(CN)2) were linear (r2 = 0.9980-0.9998) in all aromatic solvents (toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene) in the concentration range of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Phase equilibrium phenomena in solutions involving tannins, flavonoids and ionic liquids. AU - Lukasik, Rafal Bogel. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - This work presents a foremost systematic study on the solubility of phenolic compounds (tannic acid, quercetin and gallic acid) in ionic liquids. A series of 1-butyl-3-methylimiazolium salts of hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide derivatives were used in this research. The solid-liquid equilibrium measurements in binary systems were carried out by using a dynamic method from 273 K to 413 K. Among all tested ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was found to be the best solvent for tannic acid. The solubility of tannic acid was lower for [bmim][PF6] and decreased for [bmim][OTf] and [bmim][NTf2]. The solubility of tannic acid in ionic liquids follows the E-T(N) polarity scale of the studied ionic liquids. Furthermore, tetrafluoroborate and ...

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) consist of bulky and asymmetric organic cations such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-alkylpyridinium, N-methyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium and ammonium ions. Phosphonium cations are less common, but offer some advantageous properties.[23][24] A wide range of anions are employed, ranging from simple halides, which generally suffer high melting points, to inorganic anions such as tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate, and to large organic anions like bistriflimide, triflate or tosylate. There are also many potential uses of ionic liquids with simple non-halogenated organic anions such as formate, alkylsulfate, alkylphosphate or glycolate. The melting point of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is about −80 °C (−112 °F) and it is a colorless liquid with high viscosity at room temperature. If a highly asymmetric cation is combined with a highly asymmetric anion, formed ionic liquid may not freeze down to very low temperatures (down to −150 ...

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The goal of this research was to synthesize, characterize and study the potential of selected ionic liquids as solvents for the separation of ethane and ethene. The influence on ethene absorption of the presence of three different metallic cations, lithium (I), nickel (II) and copper (II) in an ionic liquid was also studied. The selected ionic liquids are based in the imidazolium cation containing a functionalization in the alkyl side chain. The chosen anions were the bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide, [NTf2], the dicyanamide, [DCA] and the methylphosphite, [C1HPO3]. Several parameters were taken into account for this primary evaluation, such as measurements of density, viscosity and absorption of each gas in the ionic liquids, since an ideal separation solvent should have a high absorption capacity and gas selectivity, low viscosity, high thermal stability and fast absorption kinetics for the selected gas. The absorption of the 2 gases in the pure ionic liquids and ionic liquid + metallic salt solutions was

Nowadays, constructing a mechanism to prevent the aggregation petroleum asphaltenes by the use of new acidic ionic liquids has become of fundamental importance. In this research, 3-(2-carboxybenzoyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride ([CbMIM] [Cl]) and other ionic liquids such as [CbMIM]BF|sub|4|/sub|, [HMIM]Cl, [BMIM]Br, and [HMIM]HSO|sub|4|/sub| were tested. It should be noted that during the experiment the presence of the acidic ionic liquid moiety enhanced interactions between asphaltenes and acidic ionic liquids and it greatly limited asphaltene aggregation. We considered parameters such as temperature, amount of dispersant, effect of water: toluene ratio, the stirring time and effects of other ionic liquids, and determination of concentration of petroleum asphaltenes after dispersing by acidic ionic liquid under various parameters using UV-Visible spectroscopy.

The structure and properties of the electrical double layer in ionic liquids is of interest in a wide range of areas including energy storage, catalysis, lubrication, and many more. Theories describing the electrical double layer for ionic liquids have been proposed, however a full molecular level description of the double layer is lacking. To date, studies have been predominantly focused on ion distributions normal to the surface, however the 3D nature of the electrical double layer in ionic liquids requires a full picture of the double layer structure not only normal to the surface, but also in plane. Here we utilize 3D force mapping to probe the in plane structure of an ionic liquid at a graphite interface and report the direct observation of the structure and properties of topological defects. The observation of ion layering at structural defects such as step-edges, reinforced by molecular dynamics simulations, defines the spatial resolution of the method. Observation of defects allows for ...

TY - PAT. T1 - Process for removing metals from hydrocarbons by using ionic liquids. AU - Srinivasan, Geetha. AU - Seddon, Kenneth. AU - Holbrey, John. AU - Nockemann, Peter. AU - Atkins, Martin. AU - Abai, Mahpuzah. AU - Kuah, Yongcheun. AU - Zou, Yiran. PY - 2012/4. Y1 - 2012/4. N2 - The present invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury- containing hydrocarbon fluid feed using specifically selected ionic liquids comprising, contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with an ionic liquid having the formula[Cat+][M+][X-] and separating from the ionic liquid a hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing fluid feed.. AB - The present invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury- containing hydrocarbon fluid feed using specifically selected ionic liquids comprising, contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with an ionic liquid having the formula[Cat+][M+][X-] ...

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are molten salts which are liquids at room temperature. Compared with traditional solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have many advantages such as high chemical and thermal stability, low volatility and non-flammability. According to the literature, ILs have the ability to dissolve many polymers. Moreover, it is feasible to design the physicochemical properties of an IL which extend their scope. As greener solvent, IL-enzyme catalyzed relations have attracted considerable attention. Lipases are one among the important enzymes in both industrial and pharmaceutical sectors that catalyze synthesis, hydrolysis and transesterification of fatty acids esters. It has been shown that lipase is catalytically active in hydrophobic ILs with hexafluorophosphate or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions while the activity is less in hydrophilic ILs with nitrate or acetate anions. Lipase is used in catalytic transesterification triglycerides with an alcohol (usually ...

This work covers homogeneous and biphasic catalysis in ionic liquids and water. The work presented herein is divided into two major parts: catalytic hydrogenation and catalytic hydroformylation. The first part also serves as an introduction to catalysis in ionic liquids and water in general. The hydrogen solubility in ionic liquids is determined, and the effect on hydrogenation turnover frequencies in the catalytic reduction of benzene to cyclohexane in ionic liquids studied. The ruthenium catalysed reduction of bicarbonate in ionic liquid-aqueous biphasic systems is investigated and the in situ identification of ruthenium species reported. Recycling of the catalyst was hampered by the formation of inactive ruthenium carbonyl species. Preliminary results in the reduction of maleic acid and 5-hexen-2-one under solvent-free conditions, in water and in the presence of ionic liquids are reported. Whereas the mechanism appears to be colloidal when the reduction is carried out neat and in the presence of

We combine direct surface force measurements with thermodynamic arguments to demonstrate that pure ionic liquids are expected to behave as dilute weak electrolyte solutions, with typical effective dissociated ion concentrations of less than 0.1% at room temperature. We performed equilibrium force-distance measurements across the common ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][NTf2]) using a surface forces apparatus with in situ electrochemical control and quantitatively modeled these measurements using the van der Waals and electrostatic double-layer forces of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory with an additive repulsive steric (entropic) ion-surface binding force. Our results indicate that ionic liquids screen charged surfaces through the formation of both bound (Stern) and diffuse electric double layers, where the diffuse double layer is comprised of effectively dissociated ionic liquid ions. Additionally, we used the energetics of thermally ...

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) consist of bulky and asymmetric organic cations such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-alkylpyridinium, N-methyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium and ammonium ions. Phosphonium cations are less common, but offer some advantageous properties.[23][24] A wide range of anions are employed, ranging from simple halides, which generally suffer high melting points, to inorganic anions such as tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate, and to large organic anions like bistriflimide, triflate or tosylate. There are also many potential uses of ionic liquids with simple non-halogenated organic anions such as formate, alkylsulfate, alkylphosphate or glycolate. The melting point of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is about −80 °C (−112 °F) and it is a colorless liquid with high viscosity at room temperature. If a highly asymmetric cation is combined with a highly asymmetric anion, formed ionic liquid may not freeze down to very low temperatures (down to −150 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrochemical Proton Reduction and Equilibrium Acidity (pKa) in Aprotic Ionic Liquids: Protonated Amines and Sulfonamide Acids. AU - Bentley, Cameron L. AU - Bond, Alan Maxwell. AU - Hollenkamp, Anthony Frank. AU - Mahon, Peter J. AU - Zhang, Jie. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Many organic compounds contain acidic and/or basic groups that dictate their physical, chemical, and biological properties. For this reason, the acid dissociation constant, Ka, a quantitative measure of acid strength in solution, is a fundamentally important parameter in organic (synthetic) chemistry and related fields. In this study, the thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanisms of the proton reduction (hydrogen evolution) reaction at a platinum electrode have been investigated in the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, using a range of nitrogen (RxNH) acids as the proton source. The formal potential of the H+solvated/H2 process (simulated by ...

BISAC: SCI013000. Chapter One by V. S. Protsenko , A. A. Kityk, L. S. Bobrova, D. A. Shaiderov, and F. I. Danilov examines the effect of water addition on some physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents through experimentation. In Chapter Two, Maria Rita Ortega Vega and Célia de Fraga Malfatti deliberate on ionic liquids electrochemical behavior for corrosion inhibition of different metals. In Chapter Three, Junpeng Li and Rui Wang present the process and mechanism of electrochemical synthesis of DMC in ionic liquids. Xinpeng Liu, Sen Qiao, and Rui Wang provide an overview of the applications of ionic liquids on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, Ola Lasekan, Somayeh Gholivand, Tan Chin Ping, Faridah Abas, Leong Sze Wei, and Megala Muniandy study the biocatalyst process for the esterification of dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) with different ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, ...

Phosphonium-based ionic liquids were used as new compatibilizers of polypropylene/polyamide blends using a standard extrusion process. Selected ionic liquids containing the same (trihexyl)tetradecylphosphonium-based cation but differing by the polarity of their counteranions were introduced at various concentrations in the blend. The anions selected have a special affinity with PP or PA6 phase (Figure 1). The effect induced by the presence of ionic liquids on the morphology, cristallization behaviour, thermal and mechanical properties of blends was highlighted. It seems that the addition of only 1wt% of ionic liquids induces a significant decrease of the size of the dispersed polymer phase (PA6 droplets) from 27 μm for the virgin binary PP/PA6 blends to 3 μm for PP/PA6/ILs ternary blends (Figure 2). It was also revealed that the final properties of the blends depend strongly on the polarity and concentration of ionic liquids introduced. When the counteranion was more hydrophilic, the compatibilization

A series of alkaline ionic liquids (ILs) including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium benzoate ([BMIM]PHCOO), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium carbonate ([BMIM]2CO3), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM]OAc), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide ([BMIM]OH), ethanolamine tetrafluoroborate ([MEA]BF4), and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG)-based ILs, etc., were synthesized and utilized as catalysts for the conversion of carbohydrates into 5-HMF. 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine tetrafluoroborate ([TMG]BF4) was confirmed to exhibit excellent catalytic activity, and was much cheaper than other ILs such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) for use as a solvent in the conversion of C6 carbohydrates into 5-HMF. The 5-HMF yields from fructose, glucose, cellobiose, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were 74.19%, 27.33%, 20.20%, and 17.73%, respectively. In addition, the possible pathway of carbohydrates (MCC, cellobiose, glucose, etc.) conversion into 5-HMF with [TMG]BF4 as a catalyst was speculated, and

Increasing attention is being devoted to the interaction of a new class of organic ionic liquids known as room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with biomolecules, partly because of health and environment concerns, and, even more, for the prospect of exciting new applications in biomedicine, sensing and energy technologies. Here we focus on the interaction between RTILs and phospholipid bilayers that are well-accepted models for bio-membranes. We discuss how neutron scattering has been used to probe both the structure and the dynamics of these systems, and how its integration with molecular dynamics simulation has allowed the determination of the microscopic details of their interaction.. ...

Acknowledgements. Preface.. Editorial.. Contributors.. 1 Ionic Liquids in the Temperature Range 150-1500 K: Patterns and Problems (C.Austin Angell).. 2 Conductivities of Ionic Liquid Mixtures with Organic Electrolyte Solutions (D. Bansal, F. Croce, J. Swank and M. Salomon).. 3 How Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids Behave in Aqueous Solutions (Marijana Blesic, Kenneth R. Seddon, Natalia V. Plechkova, Nimal Gunaratne, António. Lopes and Luís Paulo N. Rebelo).. 4 Mass Spectrometry Studies on Ionic Liquids Aggregates (R. Lopes da Silva, I. M. Marrucho, J. A. P. Coutinho and Ana M. Fernandes).. 5 Study of the Sm-Al Alloys Formation in the Molten LiCl-KCl Eutectic (G. De Córdoba and C. Caravaca).. 6 Alumina Solubility and Electrical Conductivity in Potassium Cryolites with Low Cryolite Ratio (Alexander Dedyukhin, Alexei Apisarov, Olga Tkatcheva, Yurii Zaikov and Alexander Redkin).. 7 Ionic Liquids as Solvents for the Variable Temperature Electrodeposition of Metals and Semiconductors: A Short Introduction ...

Three basic ionic liquids(BILs), 1-amyl-3methylimidazolium acetate (C5mim][Ac]), 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium acetate ([Bmim][Ac]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]), have been applied for the dissolution of lignin from wheat grass under microwave conditions with the decreased alkalinity order of [Emim][Ac],[Bmim][Ac],[C5mim][Ac]. Also the behavior of oxygen-containing groups within lignin in the dissolution of ionic liquids was investigated by elemental analysis, analytical pyrolysis, 2D-HSQC spectra, GPC, TG and FTIR analysis. Results revealed that [Emim][Ac] showed a higher dissolution capacity (≥ 330 g/kg) at 80°C within 30 min under microwave condition with higher alkalinity. In the process of dissolution, ionic liquids mainly attack the oxygen-containing groups and the aryl ether bond in the lignin side chain. The methoxy content reduction, the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages and the degradation of β-β linkages obviously happened in the dissolution process, resulting in ...

The multixenobiotic/multidrug resistance (MXR/MDR) system controls transport of foreign molecules across the plasma membrane as a preventive measure before toxicity becomes apparent. The system consists of an efflux pump, ABCB1, and/or a member of the ABCC family. Ionic liquids are broadly used solvents with several unique properties such as wide liquid range, negligible vapor pressure, good thermal and chemical stability and extraordinary dissolution properties for organic and inorganic compounds. Ionic liquids containing imidazolium ring are frequently used as solvents in drug synthesis. Constitutive and induced amounts of ABCB1 and ABCC1 proteins were estimated here by Western blotting and quantified by flow cytometry in HeLa cells exposed to three homologous 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and one benzyl ring substituted salts. Aliphatic substituents in position 1 of the salts caused a weak toxicity but 1-benzyl ring was strongly toxic. An 8-day long treatment with 10-4 M ...

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Daedalus designed it; Theseus emerged victorious from it, having slain the Minotaur, by following Ariadnes thread. To enter the world of ionic liquids, with over 8000 papers having been published in the last decade, can seem as daunting as the task which faced Theseus: what is needed is the aid of Ariadne. The required threads come in the form of the recent books published on the subject,52,60,61 and some useful reviews.25,36,62 But even here, a thread is needed: remarkably, a review of ionic liquids appears every two-to-three days, and papers are appearing faster than forty per week. The second edition of Ionic Liquids in Synthesis will be a welcome addition to the literature, and this is due to appear later this year.63. Unlike the six hundred conventional solvents that are extensively used in industrial processes, ionic liquids represent a different paradigm. As there are at least a million simple ionic liquids (and a trillion ternary systems), they can be designed to optimise a specific ...

The purpose of this work is to determine the solubility of greenhouse gases in different ionic liquids (ILs). Experimental values for the solubility of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in ionic liquids are measured at different temperatures and at pressures close to atmospheric. Carbon dioxide is the most soluble gas studied with mole fraction solubility of the order of 10(-2). Nitrous oxide is one order of magnitude less soluble than carbon dioxide, whereas methane is the least soluble gas. Finally, a group contribution method aimed at estimating the Henrys law constant of CO2 in ILs as a function of temperature was developed. Such a method makes it possible to predict the solubility of CO2 in ionic liquids when experimental data are unavailable.

The chromatographic behavior of ephedrines (norephedrine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and methylephedrine) on a C18 column was studied with different concentrations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids as the eluent at pH 3.0. The addition of ionic liquid has great effects on the separation of these basic compounds: decreasing band tailing, reducing band broadening, and improving resolution. The retention times of the analytes increase at first and then decrease with the increase in the concentration of ionic liquid. This effect may be attributed to the competition between imidazolium cations and the polar groups of the analytes for the silanol group on the alkylsilica surface, and also to the formation of weak bilayer electronic structure on the C18 column. Several ionic liquids with different alkyl substituents on the imidazolium cations or with different counterions as the eluents were compared.

One of the room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride ([BMIM]Cl) was chosen to prepare the concentrated solutions of Polyacrylonitrile(PAN). The rheological behaviors of the solutions were measured with rotational rheometryunder different conditions, including temperatures, concentration, and molecular weight ofPAN. The solutions exhibited shear-thinning behaviors, similar to that of PAN/DMFsolutions. The viscosities decreased with the increasing of shear rates. However, theviscosity decreased sharply at high shear rates when the concentration was up to 16wt%. Thedependence of the viscosity on temperature was analyzed through the determination of theapparent activation energy. Unusually, the viscosity of solutions of higher concentration islower than that of lower concentration. Similarly, the viscosity of low molecular weightPAN was higher than high molecular weight PAN at high shear rates. The dynamicrheological measurement indicates the loss modulus is much higher

Because of potential widespread application of ionic liquids in industrial processes, they should be evaluated before being allowed to enter the environment. The sorption of the substance on soil and sediment is an essential parameter in a new approach of chemical design. The HPLC method involving cyanopropyl-reversed phases for determining sorption coefficients may be an alternative tool in predicting the soil sorption properties of a variety of compounds in comparison to traditional laboratory methods. We obtain significant correlation of capacity factors, log k,and organic carbon normalized sorption coefficients, log Koc, for the set of homologous ionic liquids (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts) for meadow soils, CL1, CL2 and agricultural soils AG2, AG3 (R2=0.97, 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99, respectively). Results for marine sediment are also significant (R2=0.99). The correlation with forest soil, WO and peat, PE data is also reasonably good (R2=0.92 and R2=0.94). However, the set including both ...

The direct-on-barrier electroplating of copper on ruthenium from a 1 mol dm(-3) solution of CuCl in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, [C(2)mim][N(CN)(2)], is reported. Continuous layers of copper with a preferential Cu(111) orientation were obtained from this electrolyte. The copper coatings were investigated by top view scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM). The nucleation density was both theoretically and experimentally evaluated by the Scharifker-Hills model and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The direct plating of copper on resistive substrates for advanced interconnects and package is a promising new application of ionic liquids ...

Microwave heating was used to synthesise different types of 1, 2, 3 triazolium based ionic liquids (5a-j) with good yield in reduced time. These ionic liquids were further screened as reaction medium for Aldol reaction using two different most promising organocatalysts; proline and proline tetrazole. In both cases, Aldol products were obtained in good yield and selectivity with each ionic liquid. It is important to notify that all the ionic liquids (5a-j) offer 5 times recyclability with our catalytic system (Proline or Proline tetrazole ...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been successfully used to image biofilms because of its high resolution and magnification. However, conventional SEM requires dehydration and metal coating of biological samples before observation, and because biofilms consist mainly of water, sample dehydration may influence the biofilm structure. When coated with an ionic liquid, which is a kind of salt that exists in the liquid state at room temperature, biological samples for SEM observation do not require dehydration or metal coating because ionic liquids do not evaporate under vacuum conditions and are electrically conductive. This study investigates the ability of ionic liquids to allow SEM observation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms compared with conventional coating methods. Two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic ionic liquids, all of which are electronic conductors, are used. Compared with samples prepared by the conventional method, the ionic-liquid-treated samples do not exhibit a fibrous extracellular

Abstract: A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study on the solubility of 84 organic compounds in 4 different ionic liquids was done based on VolSurf parameters using the partial least square (PLS) statistical method and good results were obtained. The training set model predicts the solubilities of the test set well. An analysis of the VolSurf descriptors show that large volume hydrophilic regions are beneficial for solubility, and the interaction energy is about -0.84 kJ·mol-1 between the organic compounds and the ionic liquids. A certain degree of hydrophobicity is also favorable for solubility. When the ionic liquids have a small hydrophobic substituent, an asymmetric partial hydrophobic region in the organic compound is advantageous for solubility. If the ionic liquid has a large hydrophobic substituent, a large hydrophobic region in the organic compound benefits the solubility. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis shows that hydrophilic parameterW1 is the most ...

Ionic Liquds III will complete the trilogy of Symposium Series books Ionic Liquids: Industrial Applications for Green Chemistry, SS 818 and Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents: Progress and Prospects, SS 856 edited by Robin Rogers and Ken Seddon. Ionic Liquids III will include the latest advances in the field of ionic liquids (IL).

An ionic liquid is disclosed A precursor composition that comprises at least one ionic liquid and at least one energetic material is also disclosed, as is a method of synthesizing an ionic liquid and a method of desensitizing an explosive composition.

The negligible volatility of ionic liquids allows them to be studied by applying ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) techniques, i.e. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Consequently, this Thesis describes the XPS of ionic liquid-based metal catalytic systems. Correlation between the binding energy derived from XPS and reaction performance is extensively discussed and used to design a catalytic system for the Suzuki cross coupling reaction. To allow comparable information for the solute dissolved in ionic liquids to be obtained, pure ionic liquids and ionic liquid mixtures are analysed. Fitting models of C 1 s spectra for different ionic liquid families are presented. Charge correction methods, specifically the influence of anion basicity on charge correction, are discussed in detail. The cation-anion interaction is investigated for different families of ionic liquids with single and mixed anions. The interaction between catalysts and ionic liquids can also be demonstrated by XPS. The formation of ...

In this work, ionic liquids are evaluated for the first time as solvents for extraction and entrainers in separation processes involving terpenes and terpenoids. For that purpose, activity coefficients at infinite dilution, gamma(infinity)(13), of terpenes and terpenoids, in the ionic liquids [C(4)mim]Cl, [C(4)mim][CH3SO3], [C(4)mim][(CH3)(2)PO4] and [C(4)mim][CF3SO3] were determined by gas liquid chromatography at six temperatures in the range 398.15 to 448.15 K On the basis of the experimental values, a correlation of gamma(infinity)(13) with an increase of the solubility parameters is proposed. The infinite dilution thermodynamic functions were calculated showing the entropic effect is dominant over the enthalpic. Gas liquid partition coefficients give indications about the recovery and purification of terpenes and terpenoids from ionic liquid solutions. Presenting a strong innovative character, COSMO-RS was evaluated for the description of the selectivities and capacities, showing to be a useful

TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONYL FLUORIDE 335-05-7 NMR spectrum, TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONYL FLUORIDE H-NMR spectral analysis, TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONYL FLUORIDE C-NMR spectral analysis ect.

Dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals are predominantly produced by thermal processes such as incineration and combustion at concentrations in the range of 10-100 ng of I-TEQ/kg (I-TEQ = international toxic equivalents). In this work, a new approach for the removal of dioxins from high-temperature vapor streams using facilitated supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) is proposed. The use of ceramic membranes containing specific ionic liquids, with extremely low volatility, for dioxin removal from incineration sources is proposed owing to their stability at very high temperatures. Supported liquid membranes were prepared by successfully immobilizing the ionic liquids tri-C₈-C₁₀-alkylmethylammonium dicyanamide ([Aliquat][DCA]) and 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Omim][DCA]) inside the porous structure of ceramic membranes. The porous inorganic membranes tested were made of titanium oxide (TiO₂), with a nominal pore size of 30 nm, and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), with a nominal ...

The depletion of petroleum reserves and the high level of pollution caused by fossil fuels have led to enhancing renewable energy and fuel production from biomass. Eucalyptus globulus and Nothofagus pumilio residues could constitute an interesting source of biomass for second generation biofuel production. Lenga residues were pretreated with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-N-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C2mimCl), followed by subsequent fermentation using both the strategy of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) as well as Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF). The SHF process yielded 0.134 g ethanol/g glucose (26.3 wt-% of the theoretical yield) compared to the SSF process which yielded 0.173 g ethanol/g glucose (33.9 wt-% of the theoretical yield) within the first 24 h of fermentation. In case of Eucalyptus residues, another IL, 1-N-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2minOAc) was applied. The SSF process was applied for a period of three days. As a result, 3.7 g ethanol/L ...

Relaxation processes for imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated by means of an incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering technique. In order to clarify the cation and anion effects on the relaxation processes, ten samples were measured. For all of the samples, we found three relaxations at around 1 ps, 10 ps, and 100 ps-10 ns, each corresponding to the alkyl reorientation, the relaxation related to the imidazolium ring, and the ionic diffusion. The activation energy (E{sub a}) for the alkyl relaxation is insensitive to both anion and alkyl chain lengths. On the other hand, for the imidazolium relaxation and the ionic diffusion processes, E{sub a} increases as the anion size decreases but is almost independent of the alkyl chain length. This indicates that the ionic diffusion and imidazolium relaxation are governed by the Coulombic interaction between the core parts of the cations (imidazolium ring) and the anions. This is consistent with the fact that the imidazolium-based ILs ...

A new electrochemical method to detect and quantify the explosive compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous solutions is demonstrated. A disposable thin-film electrode modified with a droplet of a gel-polymer electrolyte (GPE) was immersed directly into samples of TNT at concentrations of 1-10 µg/mL. The GPE contained the hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([P14,6,6,6][NTf2]) and the polymer poly(hexyl methacrylate). The RTIL acted to preconcentrate TNT into the GPE and provided ionic conductivity. The polymer provided both (i) sufficient viscosity to ensure mechanical stability of the GPE and (ii) strong hydrophobicity to minimize leaching of the RTIL. Square wave voltammetry was performed on the first reduction peak of TNT-preconcentrated samples (15 min soaking with mechanical stirring), with linear plots of peak current vs cumulative concentration of TNT, giving an averaged limit of detection of 0.37 µg/mL ...

Acetone and methanol are organic solvents widely used in industry. Acetone with methanol forms a homogeneous minimum-boiling azeotrope which is not separable by conventional distillation processes. A common method for its separation is the extractive distillation in the presence of a selective solvent (such as water). In this paper, the use of an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoro methanesulfonate [Emim][triflate]) for acetone-methanol separation by extractive distillation was designed. The aim of the design calculation was to obtain acetone with the purity of 99.5 mol % and methanol with the purity of above 99.0 mol %. Calculations were carried out in a proprietary program constructed in Matlab® by solving a set of material balances at individual theoretical stages of the distillation column combined with the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the ternary system acetone-methanol-[Emim][triflate]. For the description of VLE of the above mentioned system, the NRTL equation was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Feasibility of thermal separation in recycling of the distillable ionic liquid [DBNH][OAc] in cellulose fiber production. AU - Ahmad, Waqar. AU - Ostonen, Alexandr. AU - Jakobsson, Kaj. AU - Uusi-Kyyny, Petri. AU - Alopaeus, Ville. AU - Hyväkkö, Uula. AU - King, Alistair W T. PY - 2016/10/1. Y1 - 2016/10/1. N2 - The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH][OAc]) recovery from water solution by thermal separation. The evaporation behavior of pure [DBNH][OAc] was first studied using low pressure distillation in the pressure range of 0.5-2 kPa. The dew points of the distillation products from [DBNH][OAc] were measured in the pressure range of 0.5-15 kPa and modeled using an Antoine equation. Measurements for vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) of water + [DBNH][OAc] system were carried out using a static total pressure method. The temperature range for the VLE measurement was 303-353 K. The results showed negative ...

In three steps to ruthenium-based heterogeneous catalysts: The central element of this novel and simple route is the immobilization of Ru0 nanoparticles on montmorillonite (see picture; the arrows indicate a Ru nanoparticle intercalated in the interlaminar space of montmorillonite) with the help of an ionic liquid. The resulting catalyst is highly efficient for the hydrogenation of benzene. ...

The article briefly reviews three subjects recently investigated in Fribourg: (i) electron collisions with surfaces of ionic liquids, (ii) two-dimensional (2D) electron energy loss spectra and (iii) resonances in absolute cross sections for electronic excitation of unsaturated compounds. Electron energy loss spectra of four ionic liquids revealed a number of excited states, including triplet states. A solution of a dye in an ionic liquid showed an energy-loss band of the solute, but not in all ionic liquids. 2D spectra reveal state-to-state information (given resonance to given final state) and are shown to be an interesting means to gain insight into dynamics of nuclear motion in resonances. Absolute cross sections for pyrimidine are reported as a function of scattering angle and as a function of electron energy. They reveal resonant structure which was reproduced very nicely by R-matrix calculations. The calculation provided an assignment of the resonances which reveals common patterns in

Kinetics of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Production from Monosaccharides in Media Containing an Ionic Liquid and a Solid Acid Catalyst

Ionic liquids as reaction modifiers in the heterogeneously catalyzed selective hydrogenation of citral. (deposited 15 Sep 2009 07:05) [Gegenwärtig angezeigt] ...

Four different catalytic systems were studied for biomimetic coupled oxidations using H2O2 or O2. In the first example, osmium tetroxide works as a substrate-selective catalyst for dihydroxylation of olefins. Electron transfer to H2O2 is facilitated by electron transfer mediators (ETMs). In one case VO(acac)2 or MeReO3 was used as ETM; in the other case a combination of flavin and tertiary amine was used as ETMs. These three systems were immobilized in the ionic liquid [bmim]PF6 for the purpose of recycling of the catalyst.. In the second example, an organocatalyst (a flavin) was used for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and this catalytic system was recycled and reused in an ionic liquid.. In the third example, primary aromatic amines were oxidized by H2O2 to nitroso compounds in a selenium-catalyzed oxidation. The nitrosoarenes were used in a one-pot hetero Diels-Alder reaction with dienes forming 1,2-oxazines.. In the fourth example, a cobalt salophen complex was immobilized in ...

In this work, the brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera were pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid, water and three different types of ionic liquids (ILs): 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene acetate ([DBNH][OAc]) and 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene-sulfurdioxide-monoethanolamine (DBU-MEA-SO2-SIL), to disassemble the complex polysaccharide structure. After each pretreatment procedure, enzymatic saccharification was performed to release the monosaccharides. The main building blocks of M. pyrifera were processed by derivatization via acid methanolysis and subjected to gas chromatographic analysis. It was found that the main constituents were alginate (60.6 wt.%) and cellulose (22.6 wt.%) of total carbohydrate content. The degradation of alginate requires the action of alginate lyase and oligoalginate lyase, which hydrolyze the main chain in a synergistic mechanism releasing uronic acid (unsaturated uronate). Upon saccharification of cellulose, ...

0116] This example provides a combined electrochemical and elemental analysis of cycled cells demonstrating intercalation of the P13 scaffolding ion into layered cathodes such as V2O5 is largely irreversible in the presence of magnesium ions and therefore constitutes a stable modification of the cathode host layered structure even during Mg ion cycling. Pouch cells were constructed using layered V2O5 as the working electrode and an electrolyte containing 0.4 M Magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MgTFSI) in N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (P13 TFSI) as the electrolyte. All cells underwent five galvanostatic cycles at 10 mA/g between -1.2 V and +0.7 V vs. an Ag/Ag+ quasi-reference electrode. The water content was below 150 ppm in the electrolyte. After cycling, or sitting while the remainder of the test set was cycled, the charged, discharged, and non-cycled cells were opened in an Argon filled glovebox, and the cathodes removed and rinsed. All cathodes ...

Embodiments of the present invention include systems and methods for generating a curvature compensated bandgap voltage reference. In an embodiment, a curvature compensated bandgap reference voltage is achieved by injecting a temperature dependent current at different points in the bandgap reference voltage circuit. In an embodiment, the temperature dependent current is injected in the proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) and complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current generation block of the bandgap circuit. Alternatively, or additionally, the temperature dependent current is injected at the output stage of the bandgap circuit. In an embodiment, the temperature dependent current is a linear piecewise continuous function of temperature. In another embodiment, the temperature dependent current has opposite dependence on temperature to that of the bandgap voltage reference before curvature compensation.

Application: This special purpose and specially tested capillary GC column is designed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It incorporates an ionic liquid stationary phase. Each column is individually tested to ensure resolution of several key sets (phenanthrene/anthracene, benzo[a]anthracene/chrysene/triphenylene, and benzo [b]fluoranthene/benzo[k]fluoranthene/benzo[j]fluoranthene). USP Code: None Phase: Non-bonded; 1,12-Di(tripropylphosphonium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Temp. Limits: Subambient to 300 °C (isothermal or programmed)

Several IL based electrolytes with an imidazolium cation (EMI) have been investigated trying to elucidate a possible beneficial effect of mixing FSI and TFSI anions in terms of physico-chemical properties and especially Li+ solvation. All electrolytes were evaluated in terms of phase transitions, densities and viscosities, thermal stabilities, ionic conductivities and local structure, i.e. charge carriers. The electrolytes with up to 20% of Li-salts showed to be promising for high temperature lithium ion battery application (ca. 100°C) and a synergetic effect of having mixed anions is discernible with the LiTFSI 0.2 EMIFSI 0.8 electrolyte giving the best overall performance. The determination of the charge carriers revealed the SN to be ca. 2 for all analysed electrolytes, and proved the analysis of the mixed anion electrolytes to be challenging and inherently leads to an ambiguous picture of the Li+ solvation.

Benzazolo [2,1-b]quinazolinones and triazolo[2,1-b]quinazolinones were synthesized in high yields by the condensation reaction of an aldehyde and a cyclic β-diketone with 2 - aminobenzimidazole, 2 - aminobenzothiazole or 1, 2, 4 - triazole derivatives in 1 - butyl - 3 -methylimidazolium bromide as an ionic liquid under classic heating conditions within 5-60 minutes.

Since Sony commercialized the first Li-ion battery (LIB) in 1992, this technology has steadily grown, and nowadays LIBs are the state of art of commercial rechargeable batteries. In fact, billions of cells are building by year to power portable electronic devices and more recently electric cars (EV and PHEVs). Besides LIBs are very promising candidates to meet the demands of electrochemical storage for renewable energies sources. Widely publicized hazardous incidents and recalls of LIBs have raised legitimate concerns regarding Li-ion battery safety, especially for the large-size LIBs. Most of the commercial LIBs use carbonaceous materials as anodes. Regarding safety, dangerous Li-dendrite grown during overcharge has been reported in carbonaceous-based anodes. Strategies to improve LIB safety are based on the use of anode materials with higher redox potentials than graphite [1] , and replacement of the now used liquid electrolytes with other more safety liquids. Current liquid electrolytes raise ...

The group pioneered electrochemical studies in sc. We designed and built the sophisticated equipment necessary for operating at high pressures and temperatures and developed electrochemical sensors to measure solubility and follow rates of reactions in situ. We have characterised solvation in supercritical fluids and the effects of density on solute-solute interactions, most notably with ionic species. We have also just completed the first comprehensive study of hydrogen bonding in supercritical fluids and these data are being used to interpret the pressure dependency of the product distributions for a variety of reactions. Our initial work was funded by the EPSRC, Ineos Fluor and Advanced Phytonic Ltd. We have pioneered the use of supercritical hydrofluorocarbon solvents for catalytic reactions. An EPSRC funded postdoctoral researcher studied the mechanisms of a number of reactions in these media and I currently have two industrially funded students looking at Friedel Crafts and hydrogenation ...

Tallinn University of Technology, the only technological university in Estonia, is the flagship of Estonian engineering and technology education. Here the synergy between different fields (technological, natural, exact, social and health sciences) is created and new ideas are born.. Take a closer look ...

Utilizing Gold Nanoparticles as well as Polymer-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles in some Separation and Quantification Protocols and Adsorption and Quantification of Gold Chlorocomplexes and Amoxicillin on Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode and Surface Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrode with Gold-Decorated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Ionic Liquid Nanocomposite Film for Sensitive and Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Dihydroxybenzene ...

Utilizing Gold Nanoparticles as well as Polymer-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles in some Separation and Quantification Protocols and Adsorption and Quantification of Gold Chlorocomplexes and Amoxicillin on Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode and Surface Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrode with Gold-Decorated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Ionic Liquid Nanocomposite Film for Sensitive and Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Dihydroxybenzene ...

Method For Producing Ionic Liquids, Ionic Solids Or Mixtures Thereof - The invention relates to a method for producing ionic liquids and ionic solids which takes recourse to a novel, especially modular production process. According to the inventive method, those salts from an ionic carbonate, hydrocarbonate or monoalkyl or monoaryl carbonate precursor (cationic synthesis module) are produced that comprise the desired quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium or the analogous quaternary heteroaromatic cation. This precursor can be produced and stored efficiently and with a high degree of purity. The actual process for producing the desired ionic compound, which comprises the introduction of the desired anion, is, unlike generic production processes known so far, flexible, fast and generally applicable. In a preferred embodiment, the carbonate, hydrocarbonate or monoalkyl or monoaryl carbonate anion is completely removed in the form of a gaseous carbon dioxide by reaction with any Brønsted acid ...

Prof. Christopher Hardacre has been appointed the new director of the UK Catalysis Hub going forward into Phase II.. Chris is the Vice Dean and Head of School of Natural Sciences at University of Manchester. His research group focuses on ionic liquids and catalysis, with relevant projects in biomass processing, energy, fine chemical synthesis, plasma catalysis for emission control and clean hydrogen production. Much of the work has centred around developing new catalytic processes as well as investigating the structure-activity/selectivity relationships using in-situ spectroscopic and structural methods. He has published 450+ papers (H-index 71) and 11 patents. His work is funded by EPSRC, EC, TSB, RS, industry and local government, attracting ,£15m since 2003. He was part of the Queens University Ionic Liquid Laboratory which attained the Queens Award for Further and Higher Education (2006). Awarded the RSC Teamwork in Innovation (2005), the USA 2008 R&D 100 award and the IChemE Andrew Medal ...

Piperidine-based 6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane features the quaternized ammonium group with the highest stability against nucleophilic (OH-) substitution and elimination reactions.. M. G. Marino, J. P. Melchior, A. Wohlfarth, and K. D. Kreuer ...

To further illustrate the versatility of this methodology, the diallyl derivatives 10 was obtained by allylation of 5, followed by a ring-closing metathesis (5 mol% of Grubbs third generation catalyst, 25 ºC, CH2Cl2) to afford the indolizidine 11 in excellent yields.14 Reduction of methyl ester employing LiAlH4 in refluxing THF afforded the alcohol with concomitant olefinic bond reduction in 86% overall yield (Scheme 3). The dehydroxylation to achieve 615 was carried out using PBr3 followed by AIBN and Et3SiH treatment (82% in two steps). It was also tested the reduction of the bromide derivative 14 with LiAlH4 in THF and reflux, but it was observed lower yields (56%) when compared with radical AIBN/Et3SiH protocol. The cis-dihydroxylation of 11 using catalytic osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) in THF:H2O afforded the diastereomeric diols 12 and 13 (90%) in a 5:1 dr (Scheme 3). The facial selectivity in the osmylation can be rationalized in terms of the concavity of ...

This invention relates to a process for separating 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from a mixture comprising both 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane wherein

Michael Harper for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online. In accordance to Moore´s Law, the semiconductors of the future will have to continue to be improved upon year after year. IBM may already be getting a head start by taking some inspiration from the human brain to create their latest microchips.. Yesterday, IBM announced that they´ve been able to improve semiconductors on an atomic level using drops of ionic liquid. Today´s semiconductors require conventional electrical assistance to operate.. Under IBM´s new method, these semiconductors could be powered by the ionic liquid and even mimic the way the human brain operates. With this new approach, IBM could one day make a highly efficient chip which consumes less power. These chips could even go a long way to improve the battery life of today´s mobile devices. IBM´s work into developing this new procedure has been published in the journal Science.. Our ability to understand and control matter at atomic scale dimensions allows us to ...

Understanding of electrical and electrochemical devices in operating conditions is vital for development of new technologies. Many important characteristics that determine the performance of such devices lie on their surfaces and interfaces which significantly deviate from the bulk properties. However, particularly for the liquid based devices, carrying out surface analysis is challenging and requires highly sophisticated instrumentation. In this PhD. thesis, we aim to unravel the potential development on liquids, dielectrics as well as the liquid/solid interfaces during AC and DC excitation in a chemically resolved fashion using the UHV compatible non-aqueous liquids in a basic electrowetting on dielectrics configuration within X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) chamber. Low molecular weight Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a particular ionic liquid Diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [DEME][TFSI] are used to represent two extreme cases as being non-ionic ...

If you experience nutritional side effects during your cancer treatment, you will need to consider the different kinds of liquids that you may use for nourishment, to quench your thirst, or settle your stomach. Clear liquids are helpful for many of the side effects of cancer. Generally speaking, clear liquids are liquids that are easy to see through and to pour. A clear liquid diet is not nutritionally adequate and should only be followed for a short time to help control symptoms from cancer treatment side effects. If you are experiencing symptoms that will not allow you to consume anything more than clear liquids, talk to your doctor or registered dietitian for recommendations. Full liquids have more calories, protein, and nutrients so they can be used to help meet your daily calorie and protein requirements. Full liquids include those that are easy to pour and/or can be sucked through a straw. Some liquids are considered both clear and full.. The National Cancer Institute provides the ...

N-functionalized imidazoles are a class of heterocyclic organic molecules, and are well-known as components of pharmaceuticals and also serve as building blocks for imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). While IL-based solvents have been the focus of many research efforts in areas such as CO2 capture, imidazoles have not been considered for these same applications. Imidazoles possess many of the same desirable characteristics as ILs such as tunable chemical structures, low vapor pressure and good chemical/thermal stability. Despite these promising features, it has only been very recently that reports on the the relationships between imidazole structure and physical properties were reported, and the study of imidazoles as tailored solvents is still dwarfed by the body of knowledge available for ILs. Our research in this area has focused on developing structure-property relationships for a wide range of N-functionalized imidazoles, with emphasis on density, viscosity, vapor pressure, pKa, heat ...

MRAČEK, L., SYROVÝ, T., PRETL, S., NEŠPŮREK, S., HAMÁČEK, A. Influence of ionic liquids on the performance of organic electrochemical transistor. In Book of Abstracts : 40th International Microelectronics and Packaging IMAPS Poland 2016 Conference. Wrocław: Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 2016. s. 129-130. ISBN: 978-83-932464-2-7 ...

The transformation of cellulose into long-chain alkyl glycoside surfactants has been carried out following two different routes: (1) Direct transformation of cellulose to butyl-, hexyl-, octyl-, decyl- and dodecyl-a,ß-glycosides in an ionic liquid media and Amberlyst-15Dry as catalysts, with mass yield of up to 82%; and (2)two steps reaction with transformation of cellulose into methyl glucosides, with a procedure described by Zhang et al., followed by transacetalation with 1-octanol and 1-decanol in the presence of Amberlyst-15Dry. A kinetic study for the direct transformation of cellulose using 1-octanol has shown that depolymerisation of cellulose continues during the Fischer glycosidation. Increasing the chain length of the alcohol decreases the global reaction rate owing to an increase in the lipophilicity of the alcohol that decreases its contact with the carbohydrates. Finally, several acid catalysts were tested and the best results were obtained with Amberlyst-15Dry ...

Martzy R, Kolm C, Krska R, Mach RL, Farnleitner AH, Reischer GH (2019) Challenges and perspectives in the application of isothermal DNA amplification method for food and water analysis.Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 144:9, 1695-1702. Martzy R, Bica-Schröder K, Pálvölgyi AM, Kolm C, Jakwerth S, Kirschner AKT, Sommer R, Krska R, Mach RL, Farnleitner AH, Reischer GH (2019) Simple lysis of bacterial cells for DNA-based diagnostics using hydrophilic ionic liquids.Scientific Reports 9:13994. Martzy R, Kolm C, Brunner K, Mach RL, Krska R, S?inkovec H, Sommer R, Farnleitner AH, Reischer GH (2017) A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection of Enterococcus spp. in water.Water Research 122:62-69. Georg Kerber (2019) 3D Modellierung des Grundwasserkörpers für den Bereich des Brunnenfeldes Donauinsel Nord.Technische Universität Wien, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ...

Looking for online definition of Imidazolium in the Medical Dictionary? Imidazolium explanation free. What is Imidazolium? Meaning of Imidazolium medical term. What does Imidazolium mean?

101003 avhandlingar från svenska högskolor och universitet. Avhandling: CO2 separation using ionic liquid-based absorbents : thermodynamics and kinetics.

Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was studied in 1-(3-sulfonic acid)-propyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([PSMIM]HSO4)-H2O/THF biphasic system...

We develop, characterize, and apply novel solvent systems for enhanced separations. The field of separations has long been explored by chemical engineers. One way to optimize separations is through solvent manipulation. Through molecular design, smart solvents can be created which accomplish this task. Smart solvents undergo step or gradual changes in properties when activated by a stimulus. These property changes enable unique chemistry and separations. This thesis explores the application of two different types of smart solvents: switchable and tunable solvents. First we show that a neutral liquid can react with carbon dioxide and be switched into an ionic liquid which can then be thermally reversed back to its molecular form. Each form that the solvent takes has unique properties that can be structurally tuned to span a large range. We also look at a tunable solvent system based on polyethylene glycol/dioxane that is initially homogeneous, but induced to a heterogeneous system through carbon ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - New tetrapropylammonium bromide-based deep eutectic solvents. T2 - Synthesis and characterizations. AU - Jibril, Baba. AU - Mjalli, Farouq. AU - Naser, Jamil. AU - Gano, Zaharaddeen. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Deep eutectic solvents are analogues of ionic liquids that are environmentally benign, have a range of desirable liquid properties and are easy to prepare. In this study, new tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are introduced. Different hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) - ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and glycerol were used at different molar ratios of TPAB:HBD (1:2.5-1:5). Effects of temperature and the TPAB:HBD ratios on the DESs were investigated. Solvents of different physicochemical properties andwide liquid rangeswithminimummelting point temperatures of 249.75, 253.95 and 257.05 Kwere obtained for TPAB:ethylene glycol (1:4), TPAB:triethylene glycol (1:3) and TPAB/glycerol (1:3) respectively. The samples were further characterized in ...

Metal halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are generating great excitement due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, which lend them to application in high-efficiency solar cells and light-emission devices. However, there is currently debate over what drives the second-order electron-hole recombination in these materials. Here, we propose that the bandgap in CH3NH3PbI3 has a direct-indirect character. Time-resolved photo-conductance measurements show that generation of free mobile charges is maximized for excitation energies just above the indirect bandgap. Furthermore, we find that second-order electron-hole recombination of photo-excited charges is retarded at lower temperature. These observations are consistent with a slow phonon-assisted recombination pathway via the indirect bandgap. Interestingly, in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase, fast quenching of mobile charges occurs independent of the temperature and photon excitation energy. Our work ...

Liquids have a variety of uses, as lubricants, solvents, and coolants. In hydraulic systems, liquid is used to transmit power.. In tribology, liquids are studied for their properties as lubricants. Lubricants such as oil are chosen for viscosity and flow characteristics that are suitable throughout the operating temperature range of the component. Oils are often used in engines, gear boxes, metalworking, and hydraulic systems for their good lubrication properties.[2]. Many liquids are used as solvents, to dissolve other liquids or solids. Solutions are found in a wide variety of applications, including paints, sealants, and adhesives. Naphtha and acetone are used frequently in industry to clean oil, grease, and tar from parts and machinery. Body fluids are water based solutions.. Surfactants are commonly found in soaps and detergents. Solvents like alcohol are often used as antimicrobials. They are found in cosmetics, inks, and liquid dye lasers. They are used in the food industry, in processes ...

Liquids have a variety of uses, as lubricants, solvents, and coolants. In hydraulic systems, liquid is used to transmit power.. In tribology, liquids are studied for their properties as lubricants. Lubricants such as oil are chosen for viscosity and flow characteristics that are suitable throughout the operating temperature range of the component. Oils are often used in engines, gear boxes, metalworking, and hydraulic systems for their good lubrication properties.[2]. Many liquids are used as solvents, to dissolve other liquids or solids. Solutions are found in a wide variety of applications, including paints, sealants, and adhesives. Naphtha and acetone are used frequently in industry to clean oil, grease, and tar from parts and machinery. Body fluids are water based solutions.. Surfactants are commonly found in soaps and detergents. Solvents like alcohol are often used as antimicrobials. They are found in cosmetics, inks, and liquid dye lasers. They are used in the food industry, in processes ...

Liquids have a variety of uses, as lubricants, solvents, and coolants. In hydraulic systems, liquid is used to transmit power. In tribology, liquids are studied for their properties as lubricants. Lubricants such as oil are chosen for viscosity and flow characteristics that are suitable throughout the operating temperature range of the component. Oils are often used in engines, gear boxes, metalworking, and hydraulic systems for their good lubrication properties.[3] Many liquids are used as solvents, to dissolve other liquids or solids. Solutions are found in a wide variety of applications, including paints, sealants, and adhesives. Naphtha and acetone are used frequently in industry to clean oil, grease, and tar from parts and machinery. Body fluids are water based solutions. Surfactants are commonly found in soaps and detergents. Solvents like alcohol are often used as antimicrobials. They are found in cosmetics, inks, and liquid dye lasers. They are used in the food industry, in processes ...

Glycosylation is an important and universal post-translational modification for many proteins, and regulates protein functions. However, simple and rapid methods to analyze glycans on individual proteins have not been available until recently. A new technique to analyze glycopeptides in a highly sensitive manner by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) using the liquid matrix 3AQ/CHCA was developed recently and we optimized this technique to analyze a small amount of transmembrane protein separated by SDS-PAGE.. We used the MALDI-MS method to evaluate glycosylation status of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Glycosylation of MT1-MMP is reported to modulate its protease activity and thereby to affect cancer cell invasion. After in-gel tryptic digestion of the protein, a single droplet of the digest was applied directly to the liquid matrix on a MALDI target plate. Concentration of hydrophilic glycopeptides within the central area occurred due ...