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UMESC Publications Selecting a distributional assumption for modelling relative densities of benthic macroinvertebrates. Gray, B. R., 2005, Selecting a distributional assumption for modelling relative densities of benthic macroinvertebrates: Ecological Modelling, v. 185, p. 1-12.. Abstract. The selection of a distributional assumption suitable for modelling macroinvertebrate density data is typically challenging. Macroinvertebrate data often exhibit substantially larger variances than expected under a standard count assumption, that of the Poisson distribution. Such overdispersion may derive from multiple sources, including heterogeneity of habitat (historically and spatially), differing life histories for organisms collected within a single collection in space and time, and autocorrelation. Taken to extreme, heterogeneity of habitat may be argued to explain the frequent large proportions of zero observations in macroinvertebrate data. Sampling locations may consist of habitats defined ...

Although NGS approaches have dramatically increased the capacity of genomics applications in biodiversity science, these applications have so far focused on discovering biota rather than monitoring their changes. As such, issues related to efficiency, repeatability and robustness have not been fully explored. A biomonitoring application based on NGS analysis of communities[6] requires robustness and reproducibility. This work was an attempt in demonstrating the utility of ethanol as a source of DNA in a multiplex PCR approach for NGS-based environmental barcoding.. Our previous work has demonstrated the utility of leaked or ethanol-based DNA from preservative ethanol for direct PCR amplification and subsequent Sanger sequencing of single specimens[7]. Here we extended this approach for a mixed community of benthic taxa collected using standard aquatic biomonitoring approaches and analyzed using an NGS workflow. Although this approach is somewhat similar to using environmental DNA (e-DNA), ...

Invertebrates are the planets biggest source of biodiversity and can be found on every level of the food chain and in every ecosystem on the planet. They perform vital roles in their environments and help regulate important biological processes. Invertebrates are an immense food supply to other invertebrates as well as vertebrates; acting as the primary food source for amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles. Plants depend on insects to help cross-pollinate and produce viable fruits and seeds.. Benthic invertebrates are commonly used in water quality monitoring as they are easy and inexpensive to collect and are relatively long-lived in the system (1+ year). Certain invertebrates are sensitive to environmental changes because they cannot easily escape degrading conditions. In general, the absence of invertebrate species that are sensitive to degrading conditions may indicate poor water quality whereas their presence would indicate good water quality. Species that are more tolerant of the ...

We are interested in the mechanisms behind the proximal processes of evolution - those that lead to population differentiation, divergence and ultimately speciation. Our group specialises in terrestrial invertebrates because their abundance and low dispersal rates make them excellent models for addressing basic evolutionary principles. Currently we are studying huntsman and

Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA fragments that organisms leave behind in their surrounding environment (such as soil, sediment and water). eDNA technology sequences these DNA fragments and can provide information on taxonomic composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Compared with traditional biological survey methods, eDNA technology is more sensitive, efficient and noninvasive. As a novel method for surveying aquatic organisms, eDNA techniques have been widely used in biodiversity assessments of aquatic organisms, including monitoring of endangered, rare and invasive species. In this review, we summarize recent developments in eDNA technology and focus primarily on the operational procedure and its application for freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate analyses. Finally, we discuss the advantages and potential caveats of current eDNA practices.. Key words: metabarcoding, next-generation sequencing, invasive species, freshwater ecosystem, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) ...

The chaetognaths are an extraordinarily homogeneous phylum of animals at the morphological level, with a bauplan that can be traced back to the Cambrian. Despite the attention of zoologists for over two centuries, there is little agreement on classification within the phylum. We have used a molecular biological approach to investigate the phylogeny of extant chaetognaths. A rapidly evolving expansion segment toward the 5 end of 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned, and sequenced from 26 chaetognath samples representing 18 species. An unusual finding was the presence of two distinct classes of 28S rDNA gene in chaetognaths; our analyses suggest these arose by a gene (or gene cluster) duplication in a common ancestor of extant chaetognaths. The two classes of chaetognath 28S rDNA have been subject to different rates of molecular evolution; we present evidence that both are expressed and functional. In phylogenetic reconstructions, the two classes of 28S

Although experiencing strong anthropogenic pressures in many estuaries, the ecology of tidal freshwater areas remains largely undocumented. As part of a restoration project in the freshwater zone of the Schelde estuary (Belgium), a new tidal habitat restoration technique (Controlled Reduced Tide system, CRT) was hypothesised to successfully compensate for the impairment of contemporary habitats. The suitability of this newly-created habitat (CRT) and the estuary was investigated over a period of three years for its macroinvertebrate community development. In both the estuary and the CRT, habitats along a flooding gradient were monitored. Differences between the CRT and reference sites in community functioning were explored according to environmental characteristics and organism biological attributes using the RLQ ordination analysis together with the fourth-corner method. Frequently flooded reference sites exhibited environmental characteristics resulting from a hydrological shear stress. In the ...

Brunton, C. H. C., L. R. M. Cocks, and S. L. Long (eds.). 2001. Brachiopods Past and Present. The Systematics Association Special Volume Series 63. Taylor and Francis, London and New York.. Carlson, S. J. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships among extant brachiopods. Cladistics 11:131-197.. Carlson, S. J. 2001. Ghosts of the past, present, and future in brachiopod systematics. Journal of Paleontology 75:1109-1118.. Cohen, B. L. 2000. Monophyly of brachiopods and phoronids: reconciliation of molecular evidence with Linnean classification (the subphylum Phoroniformea nov.). Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 267:225-231.. Cohen, B. L., A. Gawthrop, and T. Cavalier-Smith. 1998. Molecular phylogeny of brachiopods and phoronids based on nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 353:2039-2061.. L ter, C. 2000. The origin of the coelom in brachiopoda and its phylogenetic significance. Zoomorphology 120:15-28.. Richardson, J. ...

Macroinvertebrates were collected in 375 samples from 139 SFTs, using one-minute kick samples and identified to Biological Monitoring Working Party family level. ANOVA and Pair-wise analysis of Lotic-invertebrate Index for Flow Evaluation Velocity Group shows significant differences between 80% of SFT combinations with UP least distinct. Mean relative abundance and taxonomic richness increased from NP, through SM and RP to UW and were positively related to velocity. ANOVA showed significant differences between relative abundance and richness in SFTs, whilst Pair-wise analysis shows that adjacent SFTs, in relation to velocity, were less different than those further away. Thus NP is similar to SM and different to UW. Diversity and Equitability between SFTs were less distinct. Thirteen macroinvertebrate family groups were significantly associated (X2 Test) with particular Surface Flow Types, e.g. Ancylidae with UW; Chironomidae with NP. Biological distinctiveness was not established, although ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Finfish and aquatic invertebrate pathology resources for now and the future. AU - Spitsbergen, Jan M.. AU - Blazer, Vicki S.. AU - Bowser, Paul R.. AU - Cheng, Keith C.. AU - Cooper, Keith R.. AU - Cooper, Timothy K.. AU - Frasca, Salvatore. AU - Groman, David B.. AU - Harper, Claudia M.. AU - Law, Jerry M.(Mac). AU - Marty, Gary D.. AU - Smolowitz, Roxanna M.. AU - St. Leger, Judy. AU - Wolf, Douglas C.. AU - Wolf, Jeffrey C.. PY - 2009/3. Y1 - 2009/3. N2 - Utilization of finfish and aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has grown dramatically in recent decades. Likewise the aquaculture of finfish and invertebrates has expanded rapidly worldwide as populations of some aquatic food species and threatened or endangered aquatic species have plummeted due to overharvesting or habitat degradation. This increasing intensive culture and use of aquatic species has heightened the importance of maintaining a sophisticated understanding of pathology of ...

The calcareous shells of brachiopods offer a wealth of informative characters for taxonomic and phylogenetic investigations. In particular scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used for decades to visualise internal structures of the shell. However, to produce informative SEM data, brachiopod shells need to be opened after chemical removal of the soft tissue. This preparation occasionally damages the shell. Additionally, skeletal elements of taxonomic/systematic interest such as calcareous spicules which are loosely embedded in the lophophore and mantle connective tissue become disintegrated during the preparation process. Using a nondestructive micro-computed tomography (μCT) approach, the entire fragile endoskeleton of brachiopods is documented for the first time. New insights on the structure and position of tissue-bound skeletal elements (spicules) are given as add ons to existing descriptions of brachiopod shell anatomy, thereby enhancing the quality and quantity of informative characters

Surveys targeted the invertebrate assemblage feature of Culbin Sands, Culbin Forest and Findhorn Bay SSSI; however, sampling of other terrestrial invertebrate species was also undertaken. Surveys for adult Diptera species were undertaken in four areas within the SSSI on 3-5/08/2015 using an aerial net with a gape of approximately 0.5 m in diameter attached to a 3-m long pole. Netted specimens were collected with a pooter for identification. Surveys for other terrestrial invertebrates were undertaken on 02-05, 12 & 13/08/2015 in areas of suitable habitat. This involved a combination of bugvac, sweep netting (in six locations) and active searches. A moth trap was also used at a single location; and transects of pitfall traps were installed in two locations on 04/08/2015 and collected on 13/08/2015 ...

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F1736-09(2016) Standard Guide for Irradiation of Finfish and Aquatic Invertebrates Used as Food to Control Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms irradiation facilities~ pathogens~ aquatic invertebrates~ finfish~

Salmon biomass was an important predictor of several measures of breeding bird density and diversity. Our findings demonstrate that breeding birds may benefit from residual salmon-derived nutrients in landscapes adjacent to spawning grounds and that this trend extends beyond stream riparian zones to estuarine riparian forests, and well beyond the salmon spawning season.. Total bird density, Shannons index of diversity (which emphasizes richness and rare species) and the densities of insectivorous birds, golden-crowned kinglets and Pacific wrens were correlated strongly with salmon biomass. Nutrients from salmon probably affect breeding birds through several indirect pathways, including increased availability of emerged adult aquatic insect prey. Adults of aquatic invertebrates are found throughout forested habitats and are consumed by insectivorous birds in multiple foraging guilds [37]. However, aquatic invertebrates are highly variable in marine-derived nutrient enrichment owing to the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Negative effects of vertebrate on invertebrate herbivores mediated by enhanced plant nitrogen content. AU - Zhu, Yu. AU - Zhong, Zhiwei. AU - Pages, Jordi F.. AU - Finke, Deborah. AU - Wang, Deli. AU - Ma, Quanhui. AU - Hassan, Nazim. AU - Zhu, Hui. AU - Wang, Ling. N1 - 6703, Aqr; Data Archiving: data archived at Dryad. PY - 2019/3. Y1 - 2019/3. N2 - Classic theory holds that the main interaction within the herbivore guild is competition, based on research focused on co‐occurring, similarly sized species that reduce the quantity of shared plant resources. However, plant quality may also be crucial in mediating herbivore interspecific interactions. This is especially true when competition occurs between distantly related herbivore species, given that small terrestrial herbivores (e.g., insect herbivores) appear to be more sensitive to alterations of plant quality than plant quantity.In this study, we first tested in the field whether large vertebrate herbivores (cattle Bos ...

Lineus Medical Awarded Key Patent. Lineus Medical continues to expand the patent protection of its flagship product, SafeBreak Vascular, a break-away medical device technology that helps protect IV lines. - PR12823228

Ph.D. Auckland University. Research Focus: Invertebrate Ecology, Invasive Species Ecology. Office: DK 3024 and PSC 3113. Phone: 703-993-5956. E-mail: Click Here. Dr. Fowlers general research interests and experiences include global aquatic invertebrate species patterns, biodiversity, phenotypic plasticity, parasitology, and community and population level interactions of aquatic invertebrates, especially those concerning invasions. She has experience working in freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems both in the United States and globally. Currently, her laboratory at GMU has three main topics of study: host-parasite interactions, invasion dynamics and processes, and natural resource management of commercially and recreationally important aquatic invertebrate species.. Dr. Fowler teaches courses in Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Marine Ecology at the graduate and undergraduate level. She holds an adjunct position at the College of Charleston and is a research associate with the Smithsonian ...

BRACHIOPOD Meaning: an arm (see brachio-) + pous foot (from PIE root *ped- foot). They develop long spiral arms from… See definitions of brachiopod.

Figure 5. Relationships Between Macrobenthic function as Characterized by a Composite PCA Variable Based on the Three Process-Indicators and Four Functional Environmental Variables. Although the relationship with DO was relatively weak, the link was surprising given that the DO values were only point measures of a labile variable measured at different times of the day. Overall, these results suggest that the macrobenthic process-indicators did reflect ecosystem function.. Objective 3: Obtain and Process 2002 and 2003 Macrobenthic Indicator Data Processing of 2002 Macrobenthic Samples. Sixty macrobenthic samples were obtained during the 2002 sampling period and included 30 samples from 10 stations sampled in July 2002, from the GBNERR, and two sets of 15 samples sampled in August and November 2002, from 5 stations in East Bay. All of the 2002 samples have been processed, including sorting and quality control for the removal of macrobenthic organisms, size fractionation of macrobenthic ...

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is caused by diminished function of the Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein, but the molecular pathways critical for SMA pathology remain elusive. We have used genetic approaches in invertebrate models to identify conserved SMN loss of function modifier genes. Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans each have a single gene encoding a protein orthologous to human SMN; diminished function of these invertebrate genes causes lethality and neuromuscular defects. To find genes that modulate SMN function defects across species, two approaches were used. First, a genome-wide RNAi screen for C. elegans SMN modifier genes was undertaken, yielding four genes. Second, we tested the conservation of modifier gene function across species; genes identified in one invertebrate model were tested for function in the other invertebrate model. Drosophila orthologs of two genes, which were identified originally in C. elegans, modified Drosophila SMN loss of function ...

Ricordea Florida. Ricordea florida mushrooms are some of the most colorful available. Ricordea florida is an animal somewhere between a coral and an anemone, and is found living in the reefs of the Caribbean. The brightness and vibrancy of the colors is absolutely outstanding. Unfortunately for most hobbyists, the orange/variety is almost never found in local aquarium shops, and expensive if you do find it. Last, they are photosynthetic and survive fine with no feeding. This variety is orange/pink in color with shads of golden yellow. The colors of these invertebrates are further intensified under fluorescent actinic lighting. It will adapt to a wide variety of lighting conditions, and care should be taken to acclimate this coral to metal halide lighting. Place the invertebrate low in the aquarium until it opens fully, then gradually over a few weeks, move the rock to the desired location. It prefers a low water movement within the aquarium. The light driven process of photosynthesis provides ...

Learning Resources (Map Quiz): y2 animals names, vertebrates and invertebrates (animals) - Click on the the square above when you read the name of the animal and on the square below when you read vertebrate or invertebrate.

A GLP-compliant guideline study (EPA-660/3-75-009) is available for propylene oxide, reporting a 96 h LC50 value of 52 mg/L in the freshwater species Salmo gairdneri (new name: Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Shell Research Ltd., 1986). The only saltwater species reported is the common mullet (Mugil cephalus) which shows a similar sensitivity to the freshwater species, having a 96 h LC50 of 89 mg/L (Crews, 1974). Due to the fact that the substance is considered ready biodegradable, no significant concentrations are present in the water compartment. This is supported by exposure assessment with EUSES. The maximal local PEC value that was calculated was 2.31.10-3mg/L for freshwater and 8.65.10-4mg/L for seawater. Since these concentrations are very low, no significant long term exposure of fish and aquatic invertebrates is assumed and therefore long-term toxicity tests with fish and aquatic invertebrates are not needed. A GLP-compliant guideline study ( EPA-660/3-75-009) is available for propylene oxide, ...

ISJ Minireview 2004 - Article describes how - Glucans enhance the immune system of invertebrates (animals without a spine), thus proving that Glucans have a basic function in the immune system of most biological species. Read more…. ...

Read chapter IV. Benthic Invertebrates in Soft Sediments: When Drakes Estero, which lies within the Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS) about 25 miles no...

Marine Invertebrate Anatomy photo, Marine Invertebrate Anatomy photos, Photos of Marine Invertebrate Anatomy, Natural History Photography

Invertebrate definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. See more. Vertebrates and invertebrates Students watch two videos: one about vertebrates and the other about invertebrates. 1, No. They then complete activities to test comprehension. Invertebrates vary widely in size, from 50 μm (0.002 in) rotifers to the 9â 10 m (30â 33 ft) colossal squid. Having a backbone or spinal column. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Invertebrate. Can Invertebrate be pronounced multiple ways? It differs in dogs, horses, and ruminants. A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. These outpocketings are pharyngeal arches, and they give rise to a number of different structures in the skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several â ¦ Some so-called invertebrates, such as the Tunicata and Cephalochordata, are more closely ...

The Paleozoic era spanned from 540 to 252 million years ago (mya) and represents the first era of diverse, complex life on Earth. The name Paleozoic means ancient life. During the early Paleozoic era, many new groups of marine invertebrates (animals without backbones) dominated the earth, although primitive vertebrates (animals with backbones) also began to appear. As the Cambrian explosion continued, almost all of the major groups of modern animals evolved from shared common ancestors. The ancient world ocean brimmed with invertebrate animals such as sponges, corals, and crabs (Fig. 7.11 A) as well as the first vertebrate animals: fishes (Fig. 7.11 B). The first animals to begin to colonize dry land were likely arthropods (Fig. 7.11 C). Arthropods are a group of invertebrate animals with jointed arms and hard shells including crabs, shrimp, spiders, and insects. By the end of the Paleozoic era-almost 300 mya after the Cambrian explosion-arthropods, amphibians, and some primitive reptiles ...

There is no long-term test on aquatic invertebrates available for reaction mass of Heptanoic acid 3-pentanoyloxy-2,2-bis-pentanoyloxymethyl-propyl ester, Heptanoic acid 2-heptanoyloxymethyl-3-pentanoyloxy-2-pentanoyloxymethyl-propyl ester and Heptanoic acid 3-heptanoyloxy-2-heptanoyloxymethyl-2-pentanoyloxymethyl-propyl ester (former CAS 68441-94-1). Since all substances within this polyol esters category are readily biodegradable, it is not foreseen that they will pose a risk to aquatic invertebrates on the long-term. However, due to the poor water solubility of the test substance and as long term toxicity to aquatic organisms is a mandatory endpoint in accordance to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex IX 9.1 Aquatic toxicity, hence a test to investigate long term toxicity on invertebrates of 2,2-bis[[(1-oxopentyl)oxy]methyl]propane-1,3-diyl divalerate (CAS-No.15834-04-5) has been proposed. This substance is a mono-constituent PE polyol ester. It has the shortest chain length within the PE ...

Invertebrates represent one of the most species-rich taxa on Earth and yet are often overlooked in conservation planning. In particular, there is a pressing need to consider the protection of invertebrates in agricultural landscapes, which make up a high proportion of the Earths terrestrial surface. As E. O. Wilson has commented, invertebrates are

Summarized result for the determination of nature of chemical Aluminum, 2-(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-inden-2-ylidene)-1,2-dihydro-6,7-quinolinedisulfonate complexes (94891 -32 -4) on the growth and other biological and physical activity of aquatic invertebrates, algae and cyanobacteria when chemical comes in contact with test organisms, by considering the data for structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals from various sources which are as follows: Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates: Short term toxicity of Aluminum, 2-(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-inden-2-ylidene)-1,2-dihydro-6,7-quinolinedisulfonate complexes (94891 -32 -4) on the growth and other biological activity of aquatic invertebrates is predicted on the basis of it structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals. The studies are as mentioned below: Short term toxicity study was performed to determine the toxic effect of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals on the invertebrates ...

Passamaneck and his co-workers examined photoreception in larval brachiopods. As a child, I first knew this group of animals by the name lamp shells, because one of the two shelly valves that encloses the animals body looks a bit like an ancient Roman oil lamp. Ive still got a couple of shells somewhere around - & also a fossil brachiopod endocast, fetchingly called a vulva stone because of its apparent resemblance to a portion of the female human anatomy.. Brachiopods are a taxon of marine invertebrates with a reasonably long fossil history - their remains have been found in rocks dating back to the early Cambrian, more than 500 million years ago. Along with the majority of other animal phyla brachiopods are protostomes: a grouping based on a number of shared embryonic features but named for the fact that when the embryonic gut is forming, the opening that will become the mouth develops first, ahead of the anus. Chordates like us, on the other hand, are deuterostomes and yes, youve ...

PNECs for dissolved metals are primarily based on single species data determined in the laboratory. It is important to check their capacity for protecting the environment through field data, making the relationship between measured metal levels and observed ecosystem effects in the field. freshwater: Freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates are a group of organisms of known sensitivity to metals. An extensive dataset on zinc concentrations in UK waters was compared with associated benthic invertebrate community metrics. This large scale study revealed that the freshwater standard for zinc (dissolved) should be in the range 20 -27 µg/l ; it was concluded that the ecotoxicity data (NOECs) were showing the same lower range of sensitivity, and that application of additional safety factors on the ecotoxicity information was overly-conservative, and not reflecting ecological reality. Marine water: The available field data relate to algal communities, which are known to be among the most sensitive ...

Spent a week inventorying stream restoration structures on Kettle Creek. A variety of structures have been used by the watershed group to reduce bank erosion and improve trout habitat. Ive looked a many streams in north-central Pennsylvania and these structures are holding up better than most. Heres an example of a cross-vein type structure in the upper catch-and-release section of the stream ...

Were bivalves ecologically dominant over brachiopods in the late Paleozoic? A test using exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages - Volume 45 Issue 2 - Shannon Hsieh, Andrew M. Bush, J Bret Bennington

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of an enormous number of cells, and large cellular variance, integrated into an elaborate network. The CNS is the most complex animal organ, and therefore its establishment must be controlled by many different genetic programs. Considering the high level of complexity in the human CNS, addressing issues related to human neurodevelopment represents a major challenge. Since comparative studies have revealed that neurodevelopmental programs are well conserved through evolution, on both the genetic and functional levels, studies on invertebrate neurodevelopmental programs are often translatable to vertebrates. Indeed, the basis of our current knowledge about vertebrate CNS development has been greatly aided by studies on invertebrates, and in particular on the Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) model system.. This thesis attempted to identify novel genes regulating neural cell specification and proliferation in the CNS, using the Drosophila model system. ...

This annual review focuses on invertebrate model organisms, which continue to yield fundamental new insights into mechanisms of aging. This year, the budding yeast has been used to understand how asymmetrical partitioning of cellular constituents at cell division can produce a rejuvenated offspring from an aging parent. Blocking of sensation of carbon dioxide is shown to extend fly lifespan and to mediate the lifespan-shortening effect of sensory exposure to fermenting yeast. A new study of daf-16, the key forkhead transcription factor that mediates extension of lifespan by mutants in the insulin-signalling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrates that expression of tissue-specific isoforms with different patterns of response to upstream signalling mediates the highly pleiotropic effects of the pathway on lifespan and other traits. A new approach to manipulating mitochondrial activity in Drosophila, by introducing the yeast NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, shows promise for understanding ...

This site is a disused railway cutting near Tilton-on-the-Hill, which is extremely rich in fossils. Now fairly overgrown, there is just one small area of collecting where the cliffs are still accessible. The site is a SSSI, for the diversity of its fossils, its geological important and for the living fauna and flora that can be seen here. It is also a nature reserve. One key feature is the presence of two thick limestone beds - crammed full of brachiopods - which can be easily collected from by looking in the loose scree. Jurassic, Disused Railway Cutting, Rating: ♦♦♦♦♦. ...

Article: Williams A, Popov LE, Holmer LE & Cusack M (1998) The diversity and phylogeny of the paterinate brachiopods. Palaeontology, 41 (2), pp. 221-262.

Article: Williams A, Cusack M & Buckman JO (1998) Chemico-structural phylogeny of the discinoid brachiopod shell. Philosophical Transactions B: Biological Sciences, 353 (1378), pp. 2005-2038. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0350

Atrypa: Genus of extinct brachiopods, or lamp shells, that has a broad time range and occurs abundantly as fossils in marine rocks from the Silurian through the Early Carboniferous (444...

3 Credits. Introduction to the invertebrate phyla. It provides an overview of the structure, function, evolution, diversity and ecology of invertebrate animals by examining the increasing complexity in form and function in the invertebrates and their evolutionary and ecological relationships. Examples emphasize marine, terrestrial and freshwater aquatic invertebrates. Laboratories include examination of the major groups of invertebrates and may include a weekend field trip to Prince Rupert. (3,3,0) Prerequisites ...

New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

The increasing demand for tools that can score biological condition from aquatic community data has spurred the creation of many predictive models (e.g., observed/expected [O/E] indices) and multimetric indices (MMIs). The geographic and environmental scopes of these indices vary widely, and coverages often overlap. If indices developed for large environmentally heterogeneous regions provide results equivalent to those developed for smaller regions, then regulatory entities could adopt indices developed for larger regions rather than fund the development of multiple indices within a region. We evaluated this potential by comparing the performance (precision, bias, responsiveness, and sensitivity) of benthic macroinvertebrate O/E indices and MMIs developed for California (CA) with that of indices developed for 2 large-scale condition assessments of US streams: the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Western Pilot Study (EMAP-West) and the western portion of the Wadeable Streams Assessment

Noise pollution in the ocean is increasingly recognized as harmful to marine mammals, affecting their ability to communicate, find mates, and hunt for food. But what impact does noise have on invertebrates - a critical segment of the food web?

Native Hawaiian invertebrates encompass over 5,000 endemic insect species that are known to occur in Hawaii. Invertebrate populations play an integral role in native Hawaiian ecosystems serving as critical food resources for ōpeapea and native birds. Hawaiian invertebrates are essential pollinators of native trees and the biotrophic mediators of native Hawaiian forests.. ...

Initial concerns about EDCs were centred, primarily, on terrestrial, vertebrate wildlife, because it was in wild animals that adverse effects were first noted, but subsequent research has implicated EDCs in effects on farm animals [2], marine, freshwater and terrestrial invertebrates [28-30] and humans [31, 32].. Modern husbandry practices and modern household environments are both associated with increased exposure to the ubiquitous EDCs through food, water, inhaled air and administered pharmaceuticals [33]. Interest in environmental pollutants with respect to animals reared for food or as pets lies in many different areas. Consumers of farm animal products are often concerned about possible health risks associated with contaminated meat and dairy products while producers are concerned with both the image associated with their products and its monetary value. Pet owners have concerns about their animals health and welfare. Consequently, veterinarians have an interest in all of these issues and ...

ABSTRACT: Chaetognaths are abundant carnivores with broad distributions that are intermediate hosts of trophically transmitted parasites. Monthly variations in chaetognath and parasite species distributions, abundance, prevalence, and intensity related to seasonal environmental changes were recorded in 2004 and 2005 in Laguna Nichupté, a coral reef, and the adjoining continental shelf of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Of 12 chaetognath species plus Sagitta spp., only 5 (Ferosagitta hispida, Flaccisagitta enflata, Sagitta spp., Serratosagitta serratodentata, and Pterosagitta draco) were parasitized. These species were parasitized with 33 types of flatworms and unidentified cysts (likely protozoan ciliates), having an overall mean prevalence of 6%. Digenean metacercaria larvae numerically dominated the parasite assemblages. Cluster analysis defined 2 chaetognath species assemblages. One included 7 species inside Laguna Nichupté, where F. hispida was numerically dominant (98.9%); the other contained 13 ...