A clinical evaluation of a new electron ProTon tonometer was performed comparing the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) measured using this instrument with those determined by a similar instrument, Tono-Pen XL, and by Goldmann applanation tonometry. The mean IOP measured in 106 eyes with the ProTon tonometer was not significantly different from that determined with Goldmann applanation, while the IOP values measured with Tono-Pen XL were significantly lower. The 95% limits of agreement between applanation tonometry and ProTon tonometry were between -4 mm Hg and 5 mm Hg and between applanation tonometry and Tono-Pen XL tonometry between -3 mm Hg and 8 mm Hg. The ProTon tonometer appears to have a higher level of accuracy than the Tono-Pen XL tonometer in clinical practice. ...

Aims To assess the test-retest variability of intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurements utilising dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and to evaluate possible influential factors.. Methods The study included 350 consecutive subjects (175 glaucoma, 175 control; one eye per subject) from seven European centres. IOP was measured once with a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and twice by DCT (DCT1, DCT2) in a randomised sequence. OPA was also recorded for both DCT measurements. Differences (DCT1-DCT2; OPA1-OPA2; GAT-DCT1; GAT-DCT2) were assessed using the t test. The intraclass coefficient of correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV) for DCT and OPA were calculated.. Results DCT1 was 0.6±1.6 mm Hg higher than DCT2 (p,0.001); OPA1 was 0.1±0.7 mm Hg higher than OPA2 (p=0.02). Results were not influenced by randomisation test order. In both glaucoma and normal subjects, DCT and OPA showed ICC,0.90 and ,0.76, and CoV=4.8-5.0% and 10.3-10.5%, respectively. DCT1 ...

Purpose: to compare the rebound tonometer ICare® (RT) with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) in cataract surgery and to assess the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Design: retrospective, comparative study. Methods: a total of 472 patients underwent IOP measurement using RT (time 0 = RTa). GAT IOP measurement was performed 5 minutes later, followed by a second RT IOP measurement after other 5 minutes (RTa + 10 min = RTb). CCT was obtained by ultrasound pachymetry. In 106 patients IOP was measured by means of RT and GAT before clear corneal cataract surgery (RT1 and GAT1) and at one day postoperatively (RT2 and GAT2). Results: RT IOP values > 5 mmHg were overestimated, while RT IOP values < 15 mmHg were underestimated. Every 100 μm of CCT an increase of 0.97 mmHg and 0.33 mmHg was found for RT and GAT respectively. The difference between RT1 and RT2, GAT1 and GAT2, RT1 and GAT1 was not statistically significant; while the difference between

TY - JOUR. T1 - Higher intraocular pressure is associated with leukoaraiosis among middle-aged and elderly Koreans without glaucoma or dementia. AU - Park, B. J.. AU - Kim, J. K.. AU - Lee, Yongjae. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - AimLeukoaraiosis and high intraocular pressure are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, vascular angiopathy, and geriatric syndrome. Until now, little is known about the relationship between intraocular pressure and leukoaraiosis in its preclinical stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between intraocular pressure and leukoaraiosis among middle-aged and elderly Koreans without glaucoma or dementia.MethodsWe examined the relationship of intraocular pressure with leukoaraiosis at a preclinical stage in 753 Korean adults (474 men, 279 women; mean age 57.8±6.6 years). A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in order to determine whether intraocular pressure is an independent determinant for leukoaraiosis.ResultsThe ...

Glaucoma is the second most common cause of legal blindness in the United States. Open-angle glaucoma is an asymptomatic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by enlarging optic disc cupping and visual field loss. Patients at increased risk for open-angle glaucoma include blacks older than 40 years, whites older than 65 years, and persons with a family history of glaucoma or a personal history of diabetes or severe myopia. Elevated intraocular pressure is a strong, modifiable risk factor for open-angle glaucoma, but it is not diagnostic. Some patients with glaucoma have normal intraocular pressure (i.e., normal-pressure glaucoma), and many patients with elevated intraocular pressure do not have glaucoma (i.e., glaucoma suspects). Routine measurement of intraocular pressure by primary care physicians to screen patients for glaucoma is not recommended. Open-angle glaucoma usually is discovered during an adult eye evaluation performed for other indications. Final diagnosis and treatment occur in

Purpose: : To compare the rate of post-operative hypotony following Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation either with or without suture ligation. Also to determine if the final IOP was different between the two groups as some reports have stated ligation of an AGV can cause valve membrane adhesion and dysfunction leading to an elevated IOP. Methods: : The medical records of all patients that underwent implantation of an AGV by one surgeon from January 2003 to February 2005 were reviewed. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and number of medications were collected pre- and post-operatively for each group of patients and compared statistically. Results: : 34 eyes received a ligated AGV while 12 received a non-ligated AGV. No statistically significant difference was found in pre-operative characteristics (type of glaucoma, vision, intraocular pressure, number of glaucoma medications). The non-ligated group had a significantly lower intraocular pressure on post-operative day 1 (5.3 vs 24.1 mmHg, ...

Aim: To evaluate the agreement between intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measurements with the Diaton and the Goldmann applanation tonometers (GAT). Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 196 eyes of 196 participants (66 patients

Overestimation of Intraocular Pressure by Goldmann Applanation Tonometry Without Astigmatic Correction. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(3):e153691. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.3691.

Purpose: : To compare the IOP measurements obtained with dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and to analyze the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT), age, and quality of the measurement. Methods: : 500 healthy subjects (ages: 7 to 86 years old) were consecutively recruited. GAT (Haag Streit R900, Switzerland), DCT (SMT Swiss Micro Technology, Switzerland), and CCT (Sonomed Micropach 200P+, USA) measurements were obtained from both eyes of each individual, in this order, by three observers. The mean of 5 CCT measurements was used for analysis. DCT measurements were accepted when quality scores varied between 1(higher quality) and 3 (lower quality). Results: : Mean DCT measurements were 3.24 mmHg higher than GAT readings. CCT values varied between 449 and 653 µm. IOP measured by GAT correlated strongly with CCT (r2=0.28, p,0.001), whereas DCT readings correlated poorly with CCT (r2=0.01, p=0.017). Both DCT (r2,0.01, p=0.044) and GAT (r2=0.01, p,0.001) ...

Looking for online definition of intraocular pressure in the Medical Dictionary? intraocular pressure explanation free. What is intraocular pressure? Meaning of intraocular pressure medical term. What does intraocular pressure mean?

Purpose: To study intraocular pressure (IOP) trends and risk factors of IOP elevation after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in diabetic macular edema. Methods: A retrospective review of 760 eyes treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for diabetic macular edema was performed. The rate and risk factors of IOP elevation were assessed. Intraocular pressure elevation was defined as an increase above baseline IOP by ≥6 mmHg, increase above baseline by ,20%, or IOP elevation to ,24 mmHg on 2 or more consecutive visits after treatment. When more than one pretreatment IOP reading was available, baseline IOP was calculated as the mean of the available pretreatment IOP readings (up to a maximum of three last IOP readings). Intraocular pressure elevation was considered transient unless it was maintained throughout the follow-up or required treatment (persistent elevation). Results: Over a mean follow-up of 18 months, persistent and ...

The collaborative normal tension Glaucoma study reported slower rate of incident visual field loss in cases of 30% or more reduction in IOP in patients with NTG [7]. This is also supported in a paper by Bhandari et al. (8).. Topical antiglaucoma drops and/laser trabeculoplasty should be used if IOP can be maintained at 30% or more below baseline [8, 9]. In a paper published by the NTG study group titled Intraocular pressure reduction in NTG patients, 57% of the patients achieved a 30% reduction in IOP with topical medication and/with laser trabeculoplasty while the other 43% needed as single fistulising procedure [10]. In contrast, Kamal and Hitchings are of the opinion that fistulising surgery with the use of an antiproliferative agent is the treatment most likely to achieve desired IOP reduction in NTG. They also recognise the risk of post-operative hypotony [1].. One might argue that our study involves a different cohort of patients, without any control group compared to other study ...

The paper reports the results obtained with reduction of intraocular pressure in 38 eyes of 38 patients with acute neovascular glaucoma. Cyclocryocoagulation alone was made in 12 eyes, 26 eyes were treated by transscleral panretinal cryocoagulation combined with cyclocryocoagulation. In eyes treated by cyclocryocoagulation alone the intraocular pressure less than 26 mmHg was on 5th day after operation in 41.6%, on 10th day in 66.7%. However, this effect was transient in one-third of the patients, and no effect was found in one-third of eyes. In eyes treated by transscleral panretinal cryocoagulation combined with cyclocryocoagulation, the intraocular pressure less than 26 mmHg by 3 days after operation was recorded in 50%, by 10 days in 76.9%. Postoperative hypotension developed in 27%. It is concluded that intraocular pressure in neovascular glaucoma is better managed by transscleral panretinal cryocoagulation with concurrent cyclocryocoagulation than by cyclocryocoagulation alone.

R-Type Compact Applanation Tonometer with an option to be permanently fixed to slit lamp. The applanation tonometer has accessories such as check weight & check weight holder and measuring prism. Depression type measurement system is observed with a left eye on the slit lamp with a measurement range of 0 - 80mmHg in the case of Takagi applanation tonometer

Purpose: To assess the relationship between day one post-operative intra-ocular pressure and patient demographic information, lens status, tamponade medium (air, perfluoroethane, sulfur hexafluoride) and laser treatment.. Methods: A prospective observational study of all patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy by a single surgeon within one case study. All patients had intraocular pressure recorded one-day after surgery. None of the patients had postoperative anti-glaucoma medications. All patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy were previously pseudophakic or underwent combined surgery.. Results: Out of a final cohort of 161 patients, 6% had raised IOP (defined as ,30mmHg). A parsimonious regression model showed no strong correlation between raised IOP and type of gas tamponade (p=0.028 for C2F6, p=0.067 for SF6, air was the reference category), and a moderate association with number of laser burns (p=0.067).. Conclusion: The use of gas tamponade, in particular C2F6, does not constitute ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of hydrogen sulfide donors on intraocular pressure in rabbits. AU - Salvi, Ankita. AU - Bankhele, Pratik. AU - Jamil, Jamal. AU - Chitnis, Madhura Kulkarni. AU - Njie-Mbye, Ya Fatou. AU - Ohia, Sunny E.. AU - Opere, Catherine A.. N1 - Funding Information: The project described was supported by Grant Number G20RR024001 from the National Center for Research Resources. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health. This project was also supported by Grant Number 1R15EY022215-01 from the National Institute of Health, National Eye Institute. Publisher Copyright: © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. PY - 2016/7/1. Y1 - 2016/7/1. N2 - Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effect of a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, GYY 4137, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive rabbits. Furthermore, we compared the IOP-lowering action ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Discovery of potent and selective urea-based ROCK inhibitors and their effects on intraocular pressure in rats. AU - Yin, Yan. AU - Cameron, Michael D.. AU - Lin, Li. AU - Khan, Susan. AU - Schröter, Thomas. AU - Grant, Wayne. AU - Pocas, Jennifer. AU - Chen, Yen Ting. AU - Schürer, Stephan. AU - Pachori, Alok. AU - Lograsso, Philip. AU - Feng, Yangbo. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - A series of urea-based Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors were designed and evaluated. The discovered compounds had excellent enzyme and cellular potency, high kinase selectivity, high aqueous solubility, good porcine corneal penetration, and appropriate DMPK profiles for topical applications as antiglaucoma therapeutics.. AB - A series of urea-based Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors were designed and evaluated. The discovered compounds had excellent enzyme and cellular potency, high kinase selectivity, high aqueous solubility, good porcine ...

Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. For most individuals, the normal range of introcular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. Elevated intraocular pressure is an important risk factor for glaucoma. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study, a large, multicentered, randomized clinical trial, determined that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Accordingly, most individuals with consistently elevated intraocular pressures of greater than 21mmHg, particularly if they have other risk factors, are treated in an effort to prevent vision loss from glaucoma. The pressure within the eye is maintained by the balance between the fluid that enters the eye through the ciliary body and the fluid that exits the eye through the trabecular meshwork. Ocular hypertension is treated with either medications or laser. Medications ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between corneal biomechanical properties measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and also CorvisST (CST) tonometry, and glaucomatous visual field (VF) severity. METHODS: One hundred forty-six eyes of 91 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who performed Humphrey Field Analyzer 30-2 or 24-2 SITA-Standard, ORA, and CST within 180 days were included in this multicentral, observational cross-sectional study. The association between ORA parameters (corneal hysteresis [CH] and corneal resistant factor [CRF]), CST parameters (A1 and A2 time, A1 and A2 length, A1 and A2 velocity, A1 and A2 deformation amplitude, highest deformation amplitude, highest concavity time, peak distance, and radius), and other basic parameters (age, intraocular pressure with Goldmann applanation tonometry, central corneal thickness, and axial length) against mean total deviation (mTD) were analyzed using a linear mixed-model and model selection with corrected Akaike ...

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in the industrialized nations. For a long time glaucoma has been defined as a disease in which high intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to irreversible optic disc damage and subsequent visual field loss. However, recent investigations show that IOP is not the only factor that is involved in the glaucomatous process leading to retinal ganglion cell death. The role of vascular factors in the pathogenesis of glaucoma has recently received much attention based on animal experiments and epidemiological studies. Genes with products that are involved in the regulation of blood flow to ocular tissues may also be considered plausible candidates as a contributory factor in the development of glaucoma. Little is, however, known about a potential association between glaucomatous optic neuropathy and glaucomatous visual field defects and optic nerve head blood flow in patients with progressive open angle glaucoma (OAG). The current study seeks to gain ...

To investigate the effect of aging on ocular parameters, including intraocular pressure (IOP), measured with different tonometry methods in healthy young (HY) and healthy elderly (HE) subjects and to study the effect of corneal parameters on tonometry methods. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, fifty eyes of 50 HY subjects (28 females, 22-31 years of age) and 43 eyes of 43 HE subjects (22 females, 64-79) were included. IOP was measured with four tonometry methods in a standardized order: ocular response analyser (ORA), dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), applanation resonance tonometry (ART) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Other measurements included axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (CC), anterior chamber volume (ACV), corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF). The mean IOP (HY/HE; mmHg +/- standard deviation (SD)) was 12.2 +/- 2.2/14.1 +/- 3.5 with GAT. IOP was significantly higher (difference +/- standard error) in HE ...

The effects of fentanyl and alfentanil on intra-ocular pressure during anaesthesia were investigated in 50 consecutive patients in a double-blind controlled trial. Both drugs produced a significant reduction in intraocular pressure (p less than 0.01)

TY - JOUR. T1 - Temporary intraocular pressure lowering by photodynamic therapy in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. AU - Parodi, Maurizio Battaglia. AU - Iacono, Pierluigi. AU - Bandello, Francesco. PY - 2011/1. Y1 - 2011/1. N2 - ■ BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to ascertain whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin is able to reduce the blood - aqueous barrier impairment in eyes affected by pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PESG) with consequent intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering. ■ PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients with poorly controlled PESG were selected. The laser energy was directed to the anterior chamber angle and the iris surface by means of a Goldmann lens. ■ RESULTS: IOP reduction was registered 1 month after PDT and lasted 3 months, reaching the values registered before PDT after that. Iris fluorescein angiography 1 week and 1 month after PDT showed reduced dye leakage, but the same amount of dye leakage visible before PDT was detectable 3 months later. ...

Bilateral acute severe intraocular pressure elevation requiring filtration surgery after implantation of toric Artisan phakic intraocular lenses Case Study ...

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma and is the only target for current glaucoma therapy. The genetic factors which determine IOP are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study for IOP in 11,972 participants from 4 independent population-based studies in The Netherlands. We replicated our findings in 7,482 participants from 4 additional cohorts from the UK, Australia, Canada, and the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2/Blue Mountains Eye Study. IOP was significantly associated with rs11656696, located in GAS7 at 17p13.1 (p = 1.4 x 10\(^{-8}\)), and with rs7555523, located in TMCO1 at 1q24.1 (p = 1.6 x 10\(^{-8}\)). In a meta-analysis of 4 case-control studies (total N = 1,432 glaucoma cases), both variants also showed evidence for association with glaucoma (p = 2.4 x 10\(^{-2}\) for rs11656696 and p = 9.1 x 10\(^{-4}\) for rs7555523). GAS7 and TMCO1 are highly expressed in the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork as well as

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma and is the only target for current glaucoma therapy. The genetic factors which determine IOP are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study for IOP in 11,972 participants from 4 independent population-based studies in The Netherlands. We replicated our findings in 7,482 participants from 4 additional cohorts from the UK, Australia, Canada, and the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2/Blue Mountains Eye Study. IOP was significantly associated with rs11656696, located in GAS7 at 17p13.1 (p = 1.4 x 10\(^{-8}\)), and with rs7555523, located in TMCO1 at 1q24.1 (p = 1.6 x 10\(^{-8}\)). In a meta-analysis of 4 case-control studies (total N = 1,432 glaucoma cases), both variants also showed evidence for association with glaucoma (p = 2.4 x 10\(^{-2}\) for rs11656696 and p = 9.1 x 10\(^{-4}\) for rs7555523). GAS7 and TMCO1 are highly expressed in the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork as well as

Smart contact lenses are no longer science fiction. In the last few years we have covered several smart contact lenses with different purposes. One of these electronic contact lenses is the Sensimed Triggerfish, a device capable of continuous measurement of the intra-ocular pressure (IOP). It is the first of its kind, since current measurements of (Read more...). Full Story →. ...

This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Intraocular Pressure, IOP, Schiotz Tonometry, Anterior Chamber Depth, Tonometry, Tonometer, Applanation Tonometry, Goldmann Tonometer, Tono-Pen, Pneumatonometer, Air-Puff Tonometry, Non-contact Tonometry, Digital Tonometry, Applanation Tonometer.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Increased expression of the WNT antagonist sFRP-1 in glaucoma elevates intraocular pressure. AU - Wang, Wan Heng. AU - McNatt, Loretta G.. AU - Pang, Iok Hou. AU - Millar, J. Cameron. AU - Hellberg, Peggy E.. AU - Hellberg, Mark H.. AU - Steely, H. Thomas. AU - Rubin, Jeffrey S.. AU - Fingert, John H.. AU - Sheffield, Val C.. AU - Stone, Edwin M.. AU - Clark, Abbot F.. PY - 2008/3. Y1 - 2008/3. N2 - Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the principal risk factor for glaucoma and results from excessive impedance of the fluid outflow from the eye. This abnormality likely originates from outflow pathway tissues such as the trabecular meshwork (TM), but the associated molecular etiology is poorly understood. We discovered what we believe to be a novel role for secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (sFRP-1), an antagonist of Wnt signaling, in regulating IOP. sFRP1 was overexpressed in human glaucomatous TM cells. Genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway were expressed in cultured TM ...

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, with an estimated world-wide prevalence of 3.5% in members of the population older than 40 years of age. Elevated intraocular pressure as the result of abnormal resistance to aqueous humor drainage is a major contributing, and the only preventable, factor in glaucoma development. Schlemms canal (SC), a lymphatic-like vessel encircling the anterior portion of the eye, plays a key role in promoting aqueous humor outflow and maintenance of normal intraocular pressure. The risk of developing glaucoma increases with age; therefore, understanding mechanisms of SC maintenance and how aging affects SC function are of special importance, both for prevention and novel treatment approaches to glaucoma. Using a compelling array of genetic models, Kim et al. report in this issue of the JCI that continuous angiopoietin/TIE2 signaling is required for maintaining SC identity and integrity during adulthood and show that its age-related changes can be rescued by a TIE2 ...

Primary open angle glaucoma is a condition where the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) is greater than normal. If the intraocular pressure were to be measured in everyone across the country, the average pressure would be 16 mm Hg. A pressure above 21 mm Hg is considered elevated. There are some patients with intraocular pressures of between 21 and 25 who do not go on to develop glaucoma. However, these patients need to be watched closely. The exact causes of primary open angle glaucoma are not well understood. Aqueous fluid is constantly produced within the eye and travels throughout the eye, ultimately draining through a trabecular meshwork to be reabsorbed back into the rest of the body. It is believed that in individuals with glaucoma, the trabecular meshwork does not allow the fluid to leave the eye as quickly as in normal patients and as a result, the pressure in the eye becomes elevated. Primary open angle glaucoma can be detected on examination. Except in advanced cases, ...

What Is Ocular Hypertension? Eye pressure is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), the same unit of measurement used in weather barometers. While normal eye pressure has historically been considered a measurement of less than 21 mm Hg, this normal normal upper limit may vary in different populations. Ocular hypertension is not the same…

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of lentivirus-mediated C3 expression on trabecular meshwork cells and intraocular pressure. AU - Tan, Junkai. AU - Fan, Ning. AU - Wang, Ningli. AU - Feng, Bingkai. AU - Yang, Ming. AU - Liu, Guo. AU - Wang, Yun. AU - Zhu, Xianjun. AU - Kaufman, Paul L.. AU - Pang, Iok Hou. AU - Liu, Xuyang. PY - 2018/10. Y1 - 2018/10. N2 - PURPOSE. We evaluated the effects of lentivirus-mediated exoenzyme C3 transferase (C3) expression on cultured primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells in vitro, and on rat intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS. HTM cells were cultured and treated with lentivirus vectors expressing either green fluorescent protein (GFP) only (LV-GFP) or GFP and C3 together (LV-C3-GFP). Changes in cell morphology and actin stress fibers were assessed. The vectors were also injected into the anterior chamber of rats, and GFP expression was visualized by a Micron III Retinal Imaging Microscope in vivo and a fluorescence microscope ex vivo. Changes in rat IOP were ...

Ocular hypertension is treated with either medications or laser. Medications that lower intraocular pressure work by decreasing aqueous humor production and/or increasing aqueous humor outflow. Laser trabeculoplasty works by increasing outflow. The cannabinoids found in cannabis sativa and indica (marijuana) have been shown to reduce intraocular pressure, by up to 50% for approximately four to five hours. But due to the duration of effect, significant side-effect profile, and lack of research proving efficacy, the American Glaucoma Society issued a position statement in 2009 regarding the use of marijuana as a treatment for glaucoma.[6]. ...

PURPOSE: The genetic etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is still largely unknown, because of its complexity and disparities in its classification. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic contribution to various early, continuous markers of POAG by assessing the heritability of intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and neuroretinal rim and optic disc parameters in a genetically isolated population. METHODS: A total of 2620 subjects (mean age, 48 years; range 18-86) from extended pedigrees living in a small town in The Netherlands underwent an extensive ophthalmic examination. Their IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry, their RNFL thickness by scanning laser polarimetry (GDx VCC), and their optic disc parameters by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT II). Risk associations were explored by linear regression analyses and heritability estimates by variance component methods. RESULTS: Inbreeding was present in 2042 (81%)

Ang, A, Reddy, MA, Shepstone, L and Broadway, DC (2004) Long term effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure in normal tension glaucoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 88 (5). pp. 630-634. ISSN 1468-2079 Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy ...

Learn more about selective laser trabeculoplasty with the eye doctors and ophthalmologists at CGCRCET, serving Nacogdoches and East Texas.

PubMed journal article: Comparing glaucomatous optic neuropathy in primary open angle and primary angle closure glaucoma eyes by scanning laser polarimetry-variable corneal compensation. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

Indication: reduction of elevated intraocular pressure Glaucoma affects approximately 1-2% of people over 60 years of age. It is caused by raised intraocular pressure and can lead to blindness. Beta adrenergicantagonists are one option for treating glaucoma. They are thought to act by reducing the production of aqueous humour and have an advantage over parasympathomimeticagents as they have less effect on pupil size. Levobunolol is an addition to the range of beta blockers suitable for ophthalmic use. It has been approved for the control of intraocular pressure in chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension and the treatment of acutely elevated intraocular pressure following laser capsulotomy and extra-capsular cataract extraction. Systemic adverse effects can result from the use of eye drops containing betablockers. Levobunolol is therefore contraindicated in patients with conditions such as asthma. ...

The results suggest that in the rabbit the increase in aqueous humour ET-1 concentration after ALT is immediate, detectable even 30 min after the laser treatment, followed by no further increase during the second 30-min period after ALT, and associated with an immediate postlaser IOP elevation withi …

Cosopt (dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination) has well known effect for IOP reduction in POAG and OHT.3-5 However, there is no study about the effect and safety of Cosopt in NTG, Cosopt is not used the first line drug in the management of NTG.. In Korea, the prevalence of NTG is higher than western countries, the majority (about 80-90%) of open angle glaucoma patients have an IOP of 21 mmHg or less, so the study of NTG is important and searching of effective drug for the treatment of NTG is necessary.. In this study, we would prove the non-inferiority of Cosopt compared to Xalatan,6 which is used as a first line drug in the management of NTG, in the aspects of IOP and OPP including diastolic OPP (DOPP).. A prospective, interventional, randomized, crossover, single masked, single center study. Forty-four NTG patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Patients in group A were treated with Cosopt, lubricant, and Xalatan for 4 weeks each, whereas patients in group B were treated with ...

Introduction: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is an anterior optic neuropathy of chronic and progressive course, characterized by perimeter alteration and excavation of the specific optic disc. This neuropathy is usually accompanied by ocular hypertonia. The iridocorneal angle remains open in gonioscopy. POAG is the primary cause of irreversible blindness in adults around the world, posing a real public health and quality of life problem as well as an economic problem. The progressive and irreversible loss of vision makes POAG a disease that can lead to blindness. The main objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of primary open angle glaucoma in the ophthalmology department of the National Hospital Center of Nouakchott. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective descriptive study of 6 months (March 1st 2017 to August 30th 2017), on patients with a POAG with the presence of at least one of the three signs (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg, papillary

This study investigated the efficacy of brinzolamide/timolol fixed combination on intraocular pressure during 24 hours after uneventful phacoemulsification

Background: To evaluate the ability of topical ibopamine 2% to detect outflow resistance by comparing it with the tonography test in eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: 62 eyes with OHT and 33 control eyes were included in this prospective study. Tonography was done manually as a standard outflow facility measurement. We used a C value of 0.18 mu l/min/ mm Hg or less and a P-o/C value of 100 and above as a positive tonographic test. The ibopamine test performed on the following day was considered positive if there was an intraocular pressure (IOP) change of at least 3 mm Hg. Results: The sensitivity of the tonography and ibopamine tests was 69 and 53%, respectively, in eyes with OHT. The specificity of both tests was 97%. Although the sensitivity of the tonography test is higher than that of the ibopamine test, the difference between both was not statistically significant in these eyes ( p = 0.409). Positive results in tonography were associated with higher IOP, while the results were ...

Treatment of Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eyes optic nerve and result in blindness. One type of glaucoma, called open-angle glaucoma, is often associated with an increased pressure inside your eye. This can lead to vision loss or even blindness. This fact sheet focuses on open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of the disease, Glaucoma, Glaucoma Treatment, Symptoms Of Glaucoma, Causes Of Glaucoma, Definition Of Glaucoma, Glaucoma Diagnosis, Acute Glaucoma, Glaucoma Angle, Glaucoma Pressure, Glaucoma Surgery, Glaucoma Test, What Is Glaucoma, Acute Angle Glaucoma, Chronic Glaucoma, Cure For Glaucoma, Glaucoma Eyes, Glaucoma Laser Surgery, Glaucoma Information, Glaucoma Medications, Glaucoma Prevention, Glaucoma Signs, Glaucoma Tests, Glaucoma Therapy, Glaucoma Types

Press Release issued Jan 20, 2017: GlobalDatas clinical trial report, Normal-Tension Glaucoma Global Clinical Trials Review, H2, 2016 provides an overview of Normal-Tension Glaucoma clinical trials scenario. This report provides top line data relating to the clinical trials on Normal-Tension Glaucoma. Report includes an overview of trial numbers and their average enrollment in top countries conducted across the globe. The report offers coverage of disease clinical trials by region, country (G7 & E7), phase, trial status, end points status and sponsor type. Report also provides prominent drugs for in-progress trials (based on number of ongoing trials). GlobalData Clinical Trial Reports are generated using GlobalDatas proprietary database - Pharma eTrack Clinical trials database. Clinical trials are collated from 80+ different clinical trial registries, conferences, journals, news etc across the globe. Clinical trials database undergoes periodic update by dynamic process.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Measurement of episcleral venous pressure. AU - Sit, Arthur J. AU - McLaren, Jay W.. PY - 2011/9. Y1 - 2011/9. N2 - Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) is an important determinant of intraocular pressure (IOP) and can be measured by using various techniques. It has been measured non-invasively by estimating the pressure required to compress an episcleral vein to a predetermined endpoint. However, the lack of objective endpoints makes EVP measurement in humans uncertain, and a wide range of mean EVP has been reported in the literature. We review the evidence for physiologic regulation of EVP and its role in glaucoma therapy, techniques that have been used to measure EVP and the need for objective measurements, and reported values for EVP. We also review recent progress toward developing an objective technique for EVP measurement.. AB - Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) is an important determinant of intraocular pressure (IOP) and can be measured by using various techniques. It has ...

Glaucoma is a family of diseases, which causes retinal nerve death. There is no accepted definition of Glaucoma due to the different aspect of the disease. Factors which cause or contribute to Glaucoma are varied.. One factor that has a very strong link to the progression of Glaucoma is Interocular Pressure (IOP). An increase in IOP is thought to cause damage to the retinal nerves at the Optic nerve head, leading to Glaucoma, this is called Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG). However, IOPs within the normal range can also be found in those that develop Glaucoma. This is then called Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG). It is thought that those with this type of Glaucoma are sensitive to even IOPs in the normal range or there are other factors at play, which are not fully understood.. For both Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma treatment regimes involve lowering the IOP with the use of Glaucoma drops. These drops lower the IOP by either reducing the production of aqueous or ...

Meditation Can Help Lower Eye Pressure in Open-Angle Glaucoma. A recent study published in the Journal of Glaucoma suggests holistic glaucoma treatment such as meditation and mindfulness can reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of the disease.. The study included 90 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who were divided into two groups. One group participated in one-hour guided daily meditation sessions for 21 days, and the other group served as the control. All participants continued their prescribed glaucoma medication to lower IOP. Individuals who practiced meditation showed lower IOP, reduced stress and improved quality of life. The control group did not experience these benefits.. Researchers concluded holistic glaucoma treatment, in conjunction with prescribed glaucoma medication, can benefit glaucoma patients.. Ophthalmologists Can Detect Glaucoma Early Through Comprehensive Eye Exams. According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, ...

Meditation Can Help Lower Eye Pressure in Open-Angle Glaucoma. A recent study published in the Journal of Glaucoma suggests holistic glaucoma treatment such as meditation and mindfulness can reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of the disease.. The study included 90 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who were divided into two groups. One group participated in one-hour guided daily meditation sessions for 21 days, and the other group served as the control. All participants continued their prescribed glaucoma medication to lower IOP. Individuals who practiced meditation showed lower IOP, reduced stress and improved quality of life. The control group did not experience these benefits.. Researchers concluded holistic glaucoma treatment, in conjunction with prescribed glaucoma medication, can benefit glaucoma patients.. Ophthalmologists Can Detect Glaucoma Early Through Comprehensive Eye Exams. According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, ...

The study was conducted to find out the effect of smokeless tobacco (ST) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) among non-smokers and smokers. Thirty-seven healthy volunteers of between 19-30 years age, classified into two groups, non-smokers (n=22) and- smokers (n=15), were used. The IOPs of the right eyes were measured before (0min) and 1, 3 and 5mins after sniffing 40mg ST with Pulsair 2000 tonometer. Among non-smokers and smokers, the difference in mean IOP at different times (0min, 1min, 3mins and 5mins) was statistically significant by one-way ANOVA (p,0.05). Post hoc analysis using Duncan multiple range (DMR) test showed that the peak IOP was at 1min after sniffing ST. The difference in IOP before sniffing ST between smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant by Mann-Whitney test (p,0.05). Also the difference in the peak time of 1min between smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant (p,0.05). It was concluded that ST stimulates aqueous humour formation thereby tending to ...

Authors: Fleischman D, Allingham RR.. Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in the world. Well-known risk factors include age, race, a positive family history and elevated intraocular pressures. A newly proposed risk factor is decreased cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). This concept is based on the notion that a pressure differential exists across the lamina cribrosa, which separates the intraocular space from the subarachnoid fluid space. In this construct, an increased translaminar pressure difference will occur with a relative increase in elevated intraocular pressure or a reduction in CSFP. This net change in pressure is proposed to act on the tissues within the optic nerve head, potentially contributing to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Similarly, patients with ocular hypertension who have elevated CSFPs, would enjoy a relatively protective effect from glaucomatous damage. This review will focus on the current literature pertaining to the role of CSFP in glaucoma. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Update and optimal use of a brinzolamide-timolol fixed combination in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. AU - Syed, Misha F.. AU - Loucks, Emma K.R.. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - Glaucoma encompasses a wide clinical spectrum of disease, with the common pathophysiology of progressive optic neuropathy leading to visual field loss. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key risk factor in disease progression. Treatment is aimed at reduction of IOP to minimize continued optic nerve head damage. Pharmacologic treatment with various classes of IOP-lowering medications is generally employed before more aggressive surgical interventions. Monotherapy is generally accepted as initial therapy for glaucoma, but at least half of patients may require more than one IOP-lowering medication. One option is the fixed combination of brinzolamide 1% and timolol maleate 0.5%, which is commercially available in some countries as Azarga® for treatment of glaucoma not adequately responsive to ...

AIM To study the correlation between severity of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and success of three types of surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective review of all records of patients diagnosed with PCG up to age 1 year who underwent goniotomy, trabeculotomy, or combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with mitomycin C as initial procedure between 1982 and 2002 at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 532 paediatric glaucoma patients below age 1 year (820 eyes) with a minimum 1 year follow up were identified. The main outcome measures used for the surgeries were postoperative intraocular pressure, stability of the corneal diameter, and maintenance of corneal clarity. Surgical success was defined as a postoperative intraocular pressure of | or = 21 mm Hg without additional medical or surgical therapy, and with decreased corneal oedema, stabilised corneal diameter, and no additional optic nerve damage for at least 1 year after surgery. Complications, time of surgical failure,

TY - JOUR. T1 - Bimatoprost 0.01% in treatment-naive patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. T2 - An observational study in the Korean clinical setting. AU - Park, Ki Ho. AU - Simonyi, Susan. AU - kim, chanyun. AU - Sohn, Yong Ho. AU - Kook, Michael Scott. PY - 2014/12/17. Y1 - 2014/12/17. N2 - Background: This study evaluates the efficacy and tolerability (ie, occurrence and severity of hyperemia) of bimatoprost 0.01% in treatment-naïve patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension in the Korean clinical setting. Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, observational study, treatment-naïve patients with OAG, including patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG, defined as IOP ≤21 mm Hg), or ocular hypertension received bimatoprost 0.01% once daily. Hyperemia was assessed at baseline and weeks 6 and 12, graded by a masked evaluator using a photonumeric scale (0, +0.5, +1, +2, +3), and grouped as (0 to +1) and (+2 to +3). Shifts between groupings were ...

Corneal pachymetry is a non-invasive ultrasonic technique for measuring corneal thickness, and has been used primarily in the evaluation of persons with corneal diseases and in the assessment of persons at risk for glaucoma. Ultrasonic corneal pachymetry is performed by placing an ultrasonic probe on the central cornea, after the cornea has been anesthetized with a topical anesthetic. A technician can operate the pachymeter and it normally takes less than 30 seconds per eye to complete measurements.. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (Kass et al, 2002; Gordon et al, 2002), a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of glaucoma treatment in persons with elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP) greater than or equal to 24 mm Hg, found central corneal thickness a statistically significant predictor of development of glaucoma. Corneal thickness was measured only after the study was initiated, and was not used to guide therapy. For the enrolled patients, the Ocular Hypertension Treatment ...

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by a degeneration of the optic nerve, which is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure. The increase in intraocular pressure is probably caused by a reduction in outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular outflow pathways. The degeneration of the optic nerve is the result of the loss of individual retinal ganglion cells, where the ganglion cells die by an apoptotic mechanism.. Glaucoma accounts for 15% of blindness worldwide, and is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. It is a heterogeneous group of disorders, the majority of which are associated with an open, normal appearing anterior chamber angle with normal trabecular meshwork and are termed open angle glaucoma. Open angle glaucomas have onset in mid adulthood and relentless slow progression. The juvenile and infantile glaucomas are more severe clinically and more difficult to manage.. Primary congenital glaucoma is a clinical and genetic entity ...

19070 Bruce B Downs Blvd There are unique kinds of glaucoma. There are various sorts of glaucoma. Luckily, there are a number of tactics to help control glaucoma and avoid damage. Another sort of glaucoma is acute angle-closure glaucoma, which is normally characterized through an acute gain in the intraocular pressure. Open-angle glaucoma is the most typical form.Open-angle (chronic) glaucoma is the United States of America most frequent kind of glaucoma. It is easily the most frequent form of glaucoma. There are different kinds of glaucoma. There are a number of different forms of glaucoma. There are two sorts of glaucoma. Treating glaucoma can be exceedingly quick. Congenital glaucoma is nearly always treated with surgery. It is seen in babies. 813-632-2020 There is an assortment of kinds of glaucoma. Even though in most cases there isnt any way to cut back glaucoma, there are many therapy alternatives. If youve got open-angle glaucoma, you will likely be given eye drops. ...

Glaucoma drainage devices are designed to divert aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to an external reservoir, where a fibrous capsule forms about 4-6 weeks after surgery and regulates flow. These devices have shown success in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with previously failed trabeculectomy and in eyes with insufficient conjunctiva because of scarring from prior surgical procedures or injuries. They also have demonstrated success in complicated glaucomas, such as uveitic glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, and pediatric and developmental glaucomas, among others.

Acute angle-closure glaucoma is caused by a rapid or sudden increase in pressure inside the eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP). Symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma severe eye pain, nausea and vomiting, headache, blurred vision and/or seeing haloes around lights, profuse tearing. The condition requires treatment by an ophthalmologist which may include medication, surgery, or a combination approach.

0016]Tetrahydrocortisol, especially the 3-alpha-5-beta isomer, has been shown to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits made ocularly hypertensive with dexamethasone (Southren Weinstein el al., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 28, 901 (1987) and to be useful in the prevention of the elevation in intraocular pressure resulting from treatment with glucocorticoids (U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,943, Clark et al.). 3-α-5-β-Tetrahydrocortisol has been shown to lower intraocular pressure in patients when applied topically as a 1% suspension. (J. Ocul. Pharmacol. 10,385 (1994) and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,997,826 (Southren et al.)). THC may affect intraocular pressure by preventing changes in the trabecular meshwork cytoskeleton caused by glucocorticoids, such as cortisol (Invest. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37, 805-13(1996)). In line with this proposal is the observation that decreasing cortisol formation in the eye by inhibition of its synthesis reduces IOP. Carbenoxolone treatment resulted in a 20% decrease in ...

Purpose: To identify and compare possible changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after 3 months of positive airway pressure (PAP) in patients with severe OS...

Numerous randomized clinical trials have concluded that lower IOP delays or prevents progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The Collaborative Normal Tension Glaucoma Study found slower progression in visual field defects when IOP was lowered by 30% or more.33 A faster rate of progression was noted in women, patients with migraines and those with disc hemorrhages. Notably, the untreated group was highly variable with some patients not progressing in a five-year period.33. In the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study, researchers found topical ocular hypotensive agents were effective in delaying or preventing onset of POAG in 50% of patients with elevated IOP when IOP was decreased by 20%.34. Management. With the plethora of drug classes available, optometrists can individualize therapy based on drug allergies, systemic medications and ocular diseases. Topical drugs can be classified into three categories based on how they lower IOP: by increasing aqueous outflow via the trabecular ...

11. Glaucoma- Tonometry, gonioscopy, evaluation of the optic nerve, imaging in glaucoma, perimetry, ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, normal- pressure glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, classification of secondary glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, pigment dispersion, neovascular glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, lens related glaucoma, traumatic glaucoma, iridocorneal endothelial sydrome, glaucoma in intraocular tumors, glaucoma in epithermal growth, glaucoma in iridoschisis, primary congenital glaucoma, iridocorneal dysgenesis, glaucoma in phacomatoses, glaucoma medications, newer antiglaucoma drugs, laser therapy, trabeculectomy, non-penetrating surgery, antimetabolities in filtration surgery, drainage shunts ...

1. In a study of open angle glaucoma patients who received 150mg of Alpha Lipoic Acid each day, 45-47% of the eyes had enhancement of colour visual fields and visual sensitivity when compared to controls using only topical medical therapy. More advanced cases had an even better response compared to their controls. Filina, et al., Vestn Oftalmol 1995 Oct- Dec;111(4):6-8. 2. Pre-treatment with Alpha Lipoic acid has been found to reduce neuronal damage from excitotoxic damage from cyanide, glutamate and iron ions, demonstrating a strong neuroprotective effect for this substance in nerve tissue. It may be useful in treating glaucoma. (Ed. Note: Recent evidence points to the importance of neuroprotection against glutamate in glaucoma patients, with many medications now heavily promoting this property!) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1995 Jul;15(4):624-30 Altern Med Rev 1998 Aug;3(4):308-11 (Other ALA/Neuroprotective Studies). 3. The eyes of open angle glaucoma patients were found to have significantly ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Glaucoma drainage implants. T2 - A critical comparison of types. AU - Schwartz, Kenneth S.. AU - Lee, Richard K. AU - Gedde, Steven J. PY - 2006/4/1. Y1 - 2006/4/1. N2 - Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to critically compare the various glaucoma drainage implants in popular use. Recent findings: Glaucoma drainage implants are being increasingly utilized in the surgical management of glaucoma. Comparisons between the various drainage implants are difficult because most clinical data are derived from retrospective studies with different study populations, follow-up periods, and criteria defining success. The type of glaucoma under treatment is a major factor influencing surgical outcomes. The resistance to aqueous flow through glaucoma drainage implants occurs across the fibrous capsule around the end plate, and the major determinants of the final intraocular pressure are capsular thickness and filtration surface area. The use of antifibrotic agents as adjuncts to ...

It is an important job for an ophthalmologist to provide adequate testing for glaucoma during your annually scheduled eye examination. As one of the leading causes of vision loss, glaucoma can be very harmful to the optical system if left untreated.. Glaucoma damages the eyes optic nerve and nerve fiber layer of the retina. The most frequent cause of this damage is due to chronically elevated intraocular pressure levels. Glaucoma patients may first notice the disease as blind spots begin to appear in vision but usually have no awareness of the problem whatsoever. Nerve damage may be due to fluid drainage problems as a result of aging (chronic open-angle glaucoma) or a physical blockage in the drainage system (angle-closure glaucoma). Denver Glaucoma Patients who notice sudden blurred vision, colorful halos, serious eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting should contact our office immediately as these symptoms are a true ocular emergency.. The Denver glaucoma physicians at the Cherry Creek Eye ...

PURPOSETo test whether blocking the Na+/H+ antiport reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in the mouse.METHODSThe electrophysiologic approach (the servo-null micropipette system, SNMS) that had been adapted for continuously monitoring IOP in the mouse was used in a study of the effects of a series of transport inhibitors.RESULTSTopical application of three direct blockers of Na+/H+ exchangers produced comparable reductions in mouse IOP: dimethylamiloride (DMA, -5.0 +/- 0.7 mm Hg), ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA, -4.1 +/- 1.0), and BIIB723 (-4.9 +/- 1.7 mm Hg). These effects were mediated locally, not systemically, because adding DMA to one eye had no effect on IOP in the contralateral eye. In contrast to the actions of selective inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchange, neither the low-potency inhibitor amiloride nor the inhibitor of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport bumetanide by itself was effective. Dorzolamide, which slows delivery of H+ and HCO3- to Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- antiports, also reduced IOP by 2.9 +/- 0.6 mm ...