TY - JOUR. T1 - The usefulness of fractional anisotropy maps in localization of lacunar infarctions in striatum, internal capsule and thalamus. AU - Jeong, Hyun Kyung. AU - Lee, Seung Koo. AU - Kim, Dong Ik. AU - Heo, Ji Hoe. N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements This study was supported by grant from the Korean Radiological Society-Schering Research Fund.. PY - 2005/4. Y1 - 2005/4. N2 - We aimed in this study to assess the clinical usefulness of fractional anisotropy (FA) maps in the evaluation of lacunar infarctions in striatum, internal capsule and thalamus. We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients (18 men, 10 women; mean age 63 years) who had acute lacunar infarction in striatum, internal capsule and thalamus on diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI). Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were generated in addition to conventional T2 weighted images (T2WI) and trace maps of DWI. Two radiologists reviewed the location of infarcts in combination with and without FA maps. Exact location of ...

The genu of internal capsule is the flexure of the internal capsule. The fibers in the region of the genu are named the geniculate fibers; they originate in the motor part of the cerebral cortex, and, after passing downward through the base of the cerebral peduncle with the cerebrospinal fibers, undergo decussation and end in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves of the opposite side. ...

Results: Of 2,066 patients included in the analyses, associations were identified between ICH sites and poor outcomes: involvement of posterior limb of internal capsule increased risks of death or major disability (odds ratio [OR] 2.10) and disability (OR 1.81); thalamic involvement increased risks of death or major disability (OR 2.24) and death (OR 1.97). Involvement of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, thalamus, and infratentorial sites were each associated with poor EQ-5D utility score (≤0.7 [median]; OR 1.87, 2.14, and 2.81, respectively). Posterior limb of internal capsule involvement was strongly associated with low scores across all health-related quality of life domains. ICH encompassing the thalamus and posterior limb of internal capsule were associated with death or major disability, major disability, and poor EQ-5D utility score (OR 1.72, 2.26, and 1.71, respectively ...

An internal capsule stroke may cause weakness or sensory loss, is typically not life-threatening and often requires rehabilitation.

An internal capsule stroke may cause weakness or sensory loss, is typically not life threatening, and often requires rehabilitation. Learn more.

The zone in which the posterior limb of the internal capsule reaches the cortex is an especially interesting point. Since the posterior limb is a perfectly flat sheet in the model in a plane exactly parallel to the median sagittal plane, it reaches the cortex in the upper third of the central convolutions. Thus in a transverse section the posterior limb corresponds to the lateral border of the tail of the caudate nucleus, and the fibres first medullated are projected straight to the cortex in a sagittal plane parallel to the median sagittal plane and exactly midway between the edge of the lateral ventricle and the surface of the island of Reil. In the adult brain the plane of the primitive posterior limb of the internal capsule can be demonstrated by making a sagittal section along the lateral border of the caudate nucleus to the point where it curves around into the roof of the lateral ventricle. In all of the models there is a curious band labeled no. 37 on the cortical radiation at the ...

A block of tissue has been removed from the posterior part of the lentiform nucleus, internal capsule and thalamus. The relation of the lentiform nucleus to the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule (posterior stalk of the thalamus) is shown. The lateral nucleus of the thalamus has now been scraped away so that in places the internal capsule is exposed. In the depths of the thalamic dissection the H field of Forel (19) is exposed ...

Lacunes are caused by occlusion of a single deep penetrating artery that arises directly from the constituents of the Circle of Willis, cerebellar arteries, and basilar artery. The corresponding lesions occur in the deep nuclei of the brain (37% putamen, 14% thalamus, and 10% caudate) as well as the pons (16%) or the posterior limb of the internal capsule (10%). They occur less commonly in the deep cerebral white matter, the anterior limb of the internal capsule, and the cerebellum. The two proposed mechanisms are microatheroma and lipohyalinosis.[4] At the beginning, lipohyalinosis was thought to be the main small vessel pathology, but microatheroma now is thought to be the most common mechanism of arterial occlusion (or stenosis). Occasionally, atheroma in the parent artery blocks the orifice of the penetrating artery (luminal atheroma), or atheroma involves the origin of the penetrating artery (junctional atheroma). Alternatively, hypoperfusion is believed to be the mechanism when there is ...

Test 2 of 2: Disassemble and reassemble SSDT Checking ACPI table SSDT (#0) FAILED [HIGH] AMLAsmASL_MSG_SYNTAX: Test 2, Assembler error in line 1151 Line , AML source -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 01148, If (CondRefOf (\_SB.ALIC, Local6)) 01149, { 01150, Store (ShiftLeft (Add (Arg0, 0x02), 0x03), Local1) 01151, \_SB.ALIC (Local1, 0x00, Sleep (0x02), \_SB.ALIC (Local1, 0x01, Store (0x00, , ^ , Error 6126: syntax error, unexpected PARSEOP_SLEEP, expecting , or ) 01152, Local3), Store (0x01, Local2), Continue, Store (0x04, Local2)), If (LEqual (Local2, 01153, 0x05)) 01154, { ================================================================================ : ADVICE: (for Error #6126, ASL_MSG_SYNTAX): The disassembled code cannot be reassembled using the strict IASL compiler as it contains syntax errors. FAILED [HIGH] AMLAsmASL_MSG_SYNTAX: Test 2, Assembler error in line 1152 Line , AML source ...

Test 2 of 2: Disassemble and reassemble SSDT Checking ACPI table SSDT (#0) FAILED [HIGH] AMLAsmASL_MSG_SYNTAX: Test 2, Assembler error in line 1151 Line , AML source -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 01148, If (CondRefOf (\_SB.ALIC, Local6)) 01149, { 01150, Store (ShiftLeft (Add (Arg0, 0x02), 0x03), Local1) 01151, \_SB.ALIC (Local1, 0x00, Sleep (0x02), \_SB.ALIC (Local1, 0x01, Store (0x00, , ^ , Error 6126: syntax error, unexpected PARSEOP_SLEEP, expecting , or ) 01152, Local3), Store (0x01, Local2), Continue, Store (0x04, Local2)), If (LEqual (Local2, 01153, 0x05)) 01154, { ================================================================================ : ADVICE: (for Error #6126, ASL_MSG_SYNTAX): The disassembled code cannot be reassembled using the strict IASL compiler as it contains syntax errors. FAILED [HIGH] AMLAsmASL_MSG_SYNTAX: Test 2, Assembler error in line 1152 Line , AML source ...

This section, 7 mm. above the previous level, illustrates the anterior limb of the internal capsule as it passes forward between the head of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus ...

In our study, linear hyperintensity along the medial margin of the GPi on T2WI was frequently observed in patients with MJD, which is consistent with the results of a previous report2 in which hyperintensity along the GPi was considered to indicate the degeneration of the lenticular fasciculus, which originates from the inner portion of the GPi and runs dorsomedially through the fibers of the internal capsule.5,6 The GPi and its efferent fibers, such as the lenticular fasciculus and ansa lenticularis, are frequently degenerated in patients with MJD, and there is also frequent involvement of the nigrostriatal and subthalamopallidal connections,1,7 which also run along the GPi.8,9 Thus, linear T2 hyperintensity in patients with MJD might reflect not only degeneration of the lenticular fasciculus, but also degeneration of other fibers near the GPi.. Control subjects older than 60 years had more frequent linear hyperintensity along the GPi than control subjects younger than 60 years. Thus, we ...

The present study was designed to evaluate whether the functional outcome in patients with an acute-phase ICH can be predicted by measuring the FA in the cerebral peduncles within 2 days after onset. The FA measured in the affected cerebral peduncle decreased by 11% compared with the FA measured in the unaffected side. The rFA was negatively correlated with the PG both at day 0 and 28 days after onset and with the mRS score 28 days after the onset. The rFA showed a significant difference between the good and poor groups. Furthermore, only the rFA correlated significantly with the motor outcome among the variables that were used in the ICH scales. We conclude that DTI was able to predict the neuromotor outcome and may predict the functional outcome of the patients with ICH by measuring the FA in the acute phase of an ICH.. In previous studies, the neuromotor outcome was found to correlate with conventional neuroimaging findings such as the size, the volume,11,21 and the extent of the ...

Autologous Conditioned Plasma (ACP), ortopedik şəraitdə və cərrahi prosedurlardakı yenilənmə prosesini dəstəkləmək üçün istifadə olunan otoloji qandan çıxarılmış trombositlərə zəngin bir plazma. Kondikləşdirilmiş serum plazmanın digər qan komponentlərindən (eritrositlər kimi) ayrılması və konsentrələşdirilməsi ilə hazırlanır. ACP trombositlərə zəngin bir plazma (PRP). PRP, tam qan ilə müqayisədə əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə yüksək trombositlərin konsentrasiyası olan bir plazmanın növü üçün ümumi bir müddətdir. Bütün qandan çıxarılır. ACP-nin əsas komponentləri arasında trombotsitlər (trombositlər) və müalicə prosesində mühüm rol oynayan bir sıra inkişaf faktları daxildir. Digər trombositlərə zəngin plazma formulasiyasından fərqli olaraq, ACP yüksək konsentrasiyalarda olduqda şəfa prosesinə zərər verə bilən nötrofil granulositlər kimi ağ qan hüceyrələrinin aşağı konsentrasiyası ilə ...

HELLP sindromunun dinamikasını qiymətləndirmək çətin olduğu üçün, hamiləlik Qeysər kəsiyi ilə sona yetirilir. Bu zaman təbii doğuş ana və döl üçün çox riskli və təhlükəlidir. Trombositlərin sayının kəskin azalması (20 000/ mikrolitrə qədər) qanaxma təhlükəsini hədsiz artırmış olur. Hamilə qadın reanimasiya şöbəsində ciddi nəzarətə götürülməlidir. Ehtiyac olarsa təzyiqsalıcı və qıcolma əleyhinə preparatlar tətbiq olunur. Hamiləliyin gedişində ASS, immunqlobulin, plazmafarez kimi vasitələrlə konservativ müalicə tətbiq edilə bilər. ...

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Klasická cesta aktivace komplementu je spuštěna komplexem C1 (C1q, C1r, C1s), rozpozná-li Fc oblast imunoglobulinu navázaného na povrchový antigen patogena.. C1q nemá C-lektinovou doménu jako SP-A a MBL a není klasifikován jako kolektin. Namísto toho má C1q globulární doménu rozpoznávající Fc oblast imunoglobulinu navázaného na povrchový antigen. Vzhledem k podobnosti primární struktury C1q, SP-A a MBL není překvapivé, že se tyto proteiny podobají také ve své funkci. Všechny tři molekuly hrají roli v přirozené imunitě, např. umocňují fagocytózu mikroorganismů.[7][8] Všechny tři proteiny také vážou stejný C1qR.[9] Bylo prokázáno, že SP-A pomáhá makrofágům odstraňovat neutrofily umírající apoptózou.[10] Tato funkce byla dříve popsána u C1q. Navzdory strukturním podobnostem SP-A či SP-D nemůžou nahradit C1q při klasické aktivaci komplementu.[11]. Součástí obrany proti patogenům v plicích jsou surfaktanty SP-A a SP-D i ...

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Aditivii alimentari sunt raul de care in buna masura te poti feri, daca citesti etichetele si eviti alimentele procesate care-i contin. In consecinta, este important sa stii care sunt aditivii alimentari care trebuie evitati.. Glutamatul monosodic (MSG / E621) - MSG. Este un aminoacid folosit pentru a spori arome in sosuri pentru salate, chips-uri, supe in plic, sosuri si este adaugat din belsug in mancarea din restaurante. MSG este cunoscut ca un excitotoxin, adica o substanta care lezeaza grav celulele si determina alterarea functiilor lor. Consumul regulat de MSG duce la depresie, incapacitate de memorare si scaderea IQ-ului, leziuni oculare, oboseala, durerile de cap si obezitatea. Glutamatul monosodic produce dependenta, consumatorii fiind „setati sa consuma alimente care-l contin.. Sirop de porumb (HFCS). Este un indulcitor artificial supra-rafinat, care a devenit ingredientul de baza pentru a indulci alimente si bauturi. Siropul de glucoza creste nivelului de colesterol rau si ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging applied to those specific cerebral white matter tracts consistently involved pathologically in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a source of prognostic biomarkers. DESIGN: Baseline clinical assessment and 3-T diffusion tensor imaging, repeated after approximately 6 months.Tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess voxel wise correlations of just the baseline diffusion tensor imaging indices with the progression rate (change in disability score/time interval) within the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum. PATIENTS: The study involved 21 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 3 patients with primary lateral sclerosis. RESULTS: Correlation was observed between fractional anisotropy and progression rate for a region of the corticospinal tract spanning the posterior limb of the internal capsule, with a left hemisphere emphasis. Posterior limb of the internal capsule fractional anisotropy showed potential to distinguish those

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging applied to those specific cerebral white matter tracts consistently involved pathologically in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a source of prognostic biomarkers. DESIGN: Baseline clinical assessment and 3-T diffusion tensor imaging, repeated after approximately 6 months.Tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess voxel wise correlations of just the baseline diffusion tensor imaging indices with the progression rate (change in disability score/time interval) within the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum. PATIENTS: The study involved 21 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 3 patients with primary lateral sclerosis. RESULTS: Correlation was observed between fractional anisotropy and progression rate for a region of the corticospinal tract spanning the posterior limb of the internal capsule, with a left hemisphere emphasis. Posterior limb of the internal capsule fractional anisotropy showed potential to distinguish those

Lacunar stroke or lacunar infarct (LACI) is the most common type of stroke, and results from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brains deep structures. Patients who present with symptoms of a lacunar stroke, but who have not yet had diagnostic imaging performed, may be described as suffering from lacunar stroke syndrome (LACS). Much of the current knowledge of lacunar strokes comes from C. Miller Fishers cadaver dissections of post-mortem stroke patients. He observed lacunae (empty spaces) in the deep brain structures after occlusion of 200-800 μm penetrating arteries and connected them with five classic syndromes. These syndromes are still noted today, though lacunar infarcts are diagnosed based on clinical judgment and radiologic imaging. Each of the 5 classical lacunar syndromes has a relatively distinct symptom complex. Symptoms may occur suddenly, progressively, or in a fluctuating (e.g., the capsular warning syndrome) manner. Occasionally, cortical ...

The general patterns of early thalamocortical development follow a similar sequence in all mammals. Thalamocortical projections descend through the ventral thalamus, advance in the internal capsule amongst cells which already possess dorsal thalamic projections, then reach the cerebral cortex by associating with subplate cells and their early corticofugal projections. Initially, the thalamic projections pause in the internal capsule and subplate layer. The interactions of the thalamocortical projections with the early generated, largely transient cells of the subplate, marginal zone, internal capsule and ventral thalamus are believed to play a crucial role in the organized deployment of thalamic projections and establishing a functional cortical architecture. Selective fasciculation, contact guidance and release of neurotrophic factors are thought to play roles in the development of thalamocortical projections. These ideas are obtaining support from recent work on reeler and other strains of mice. The

The striatum is divided into the caudate nucleus and the putamen by the internal capsule, a major collection of fibers that run between the neocortex and thalamus in both directions [16]. The striatum is the main receiver of inputs to the basal ganglia from the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brain stem. The striatums neurons project out into the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. The globus pallidus and substantia nigra give rise to the major output projections from the basal ganglia [21]. Anatomically, the globus pallidus is situated medially to the putamen and is positioned slightly laterally to the internal capsule. It is divided into an external and internal segment. The internal pallidal segment relates functionally to the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, which lies in the midbrain on the medial side of the internal capsule [10]. The cells of the internal pallidal segment and pars reticulata use amino butyric acid GABA as a neurotransmitter, which is responsible for the ...

To elucidate the formation of early thalamocortical synapses we recorded optical images with voltage-sensitive dyes from the cerebral cortex of prenatal rats by selective thalamic stimulation of thalamocortical slice preparations. At embryonic day (E) 17, thalamic stimulation elicited excitation that rapidly propagated through the internal capsule to the cortex. These responses lasted less than 15 ms, and were not affected by the application of glutamate receptor antagonists, suggesting that they might reflect presynaptic fiber responses. At E18, long-lasting (more than 300 ms) responses appeared in the internal capsule and in subplate. By E19, long-lasting responses increased in the cortical subplate. By E21, shortly before birth, the deep cortical layers were also activated in addition to the subplate. These long-lasting responses seen in the internal capsule and subplate were blocked by the antagonist perfusion, but the first spike-like responses still remained. The laminar location of the responses

gives rise to the lateral lenticulostriate arteries which supply part of head and body of caudate, globus pallidus, putamen and the posterior limb of the internal capsule ...

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral striatum/anterior limb of the internal capsule is safe and feasible in addressing the affective component of pain in patients with post-stroke pain syndrome.

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A highly reliable model for the study of focal cerebral ischemia has been developed using a retro-orbital approach to occlude the lateral lenticulostriate arteries of the baboon. An infarction of the caudate, putamen and the anterior limb of the internal capsule has consistently been produced. Reliability has been attained because the anatomical variations of the lenticulostriate arteries of each animal can be fully appraised, permitting selective vessel occlusion. A well-defined clinical and radiographic lesion has also resulted from this procedure which was clinically well tolerated by all animals. Selective lenticulostriate occlusion provides a new approach to the study of focal cerebral ischemia in the sub-human primate, and serves for the evaluation of proposed therapies for treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. ...

head, brain, mri, without contrast, .stl, axial, dicom, coronal, sagital, T1, Frontal lobule, Frontal sinus, Superior frontal gyrus, Middle frontal gyrus, Falx cerebri, Caudate nucleus (head), Cingulate gyrus, Inferior frontal gyrus, Corpus callosum (genu), Internal capsule (anterior limb), Lateral ventricle (anterior horn), Third ventricle, Central sulcus, Precentral gyrus, Fornix, Postcentral gyrus, Interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro), Lateral sulcus, Claustrum, Insular arteries in the cistern of lateral cerebral fossa (insular cistern), Internal capsule (posterior limb), Insula, Thalamus, Globus pallidus (pallidum), Pineal gland, Putamen, Caudate nucleus (tail), Transverse temporal gyrus, Internal cerebral vein, Hippocampus, Vermis of cerebellum, Lateral ventricle (trigone with choroid plexus), Straight sinus, Middle temporal gyrus, Parietal lobule, Parieto-occipital sulcus, Superior sagittal sinus, Occipital gyri, Occipital lobule, Striate cortex, Occipital pole, cerebellum, fourth ...

Other articles where Corticospinal tract is discussed: human nervous system: Corticospinal tract: The corticospinal tract originates from pyramid-shaped cells in the premotor, primary motor, and primary sensory cortex and is involved in skilled voluntary activity. Containing about one million fibres, it forms a significant part of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and is…

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Infarct size on T2-weighted MRI correlates only modestly with outcome, particularly for small strokes. This may be largely because of differences in the locations of infarcts and consequently in the functional pathways that are damaged. To test this hypothesis quantitatively, we developed a mask of the corticospinal pathway to determine whether the extent of stroke intersection with the pathway would be more closely related to clinical motor deficit and axonal injury in the descending motor pathways than total stroke lesion volume. METHODS: Eighteen patients were studied | or =1 month after first ischemic stroke that caused a motor deficit by use of brain T2-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopic (MRS) measurements of the neuronal marker compound N-acetyl aspartate in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and motor impairment and disability measures. A corticospinal mask based on neuroanatomic landmarks was generated from a subset of the MRI data. The maximum proportion of

In one procedure, called a cingulotomy, doctors drill into the skull and thread wires into an area called the anterior cingulate. There they pinpoint and destroy pinches of tissue that lie along a circuit in each hemisphere that connects deeper, emotional centers of the brain to areas of the frontal cortex, where conscious planning is centered. This circuit appears to be hyperactive in people with severe O.C.D., and imaging studies suggest that the surgery quiets that activity. In another operation, called a capsulotomy, surgeons go deeper, into an area called the internal capsule, and burn out spots in a circuit also thought to be overactive. An altogether different approach is called deep brain stimulation, or D.B.S., in which surgeons sink wires into the brain but leave them in place. A pacemaker-like device sends a current to the electrodes, apparently interfering with circuits thought to be hyperactive in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (and also those with severe depression). The ...

In one procedure, called a cingulotomy, doctors drill into the skull and thread wires into an area called the anterior cingulate. There they pinpoint and destroy pinches of tissue that lie along a circuit in each hemisphere that connects deeper, emotional centers of the brain to areas of the frontal cortex, where conscious planning is centered. This circuit appears to be hyperactive in people with severe O.C.D., and imaging studies suggest that the surgery quiets that activity. In another operation, called a capsulotomy, surgeons go deeper, into an area called the internal capsule, and burn out spots in a circuit also thought to be overactive. An altogether different approach is called deep brain stimulation, or D.B.S., in which surgeons sink wires into the brain but leave them in place. A pacemaker-like device sends a current to the electrodes, apparently interfering with circuits thought to be hyperactive in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (and also those with severe depression). The ...

6 years & up. Take a closer look at the microscopic world around you with this unique STEM Starter, Prepared Slides, and Microscope Accessory Kit. This kit allows you to transform your smart phone or tablet and transform it into a powerful microscope. Select your preferred lighting, clip the microscope over the camera lens on your phone or tablet, and position the scope directly over an object or slide you want a closer look at. You can even take photos or record your research through video!… More » ...

Brain, Cortex, Functional Organization, Subcortex, Basal Ganglion, Internal Capsule, Cerebellum, Brainstem, Reticular Activating System, Cerebral Blood Flow (Perfusion Pressure, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, CMRO2, Inverse Steal, Grey/White Matter, Autoregulation Altered/Abolished, Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia, Global/Focal, Effects of Glucose, Brain Tumor, CSF (Volume, Composition, Flow), Blood Brain Barrier (Active/Passive Transport, Disruption, Relation to Chemical/Acid-Base), Cerebral Protection (Hypothermia, Anesthetics, Adjuvants), Spinal Cord (Organization, Reflexes, Tracts, Evoked Potentials), Skeletal Muscle Contraction (Depolarization, Role of Ca, Actin/Myosin, Energy Source/Release), Pain (Nociceptors, Afferent Neuron, Wind-up, Dorsal Horn, Supraspinal, Opioid Receptors, Autonomic Contribution, Visceral, Social/Vocational/Pschological, Gender/Age). ...

Whether you are contemplating purchasing or selling a Condo or Townhome in Corona, CA, it is imperative that you hire the right Real Estate Expert that can exceed all of your expectations. When you work with The Tom Bashe Team, your every need will be met with the greatest attention to detail. We understand the Corona Condo Market well, and you will not find a more qualified Corona Real Estate Agent to help you achieve your goals. As a prospective buyer working with The Tom Bashe Team, you will have access to new Corona Condo and Townhome listings the second they hit the market, giving you a much needed leg up on the competition. You will also be able to review intimate details about each complex, including a building description, amenities and a photo tour. As a seller of a Condo or Townhome in Corona, your unit will be front and center on both our main website, as well as the specific complex page for your property. This gives you maximum exposure above what a normal Corona Realtor would ...

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The family Michael D. Williams II is searching for answers after the 26-year-old was discovered lying in the middle of a Corona roadway last week.

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நெல்லை, தூத்துக்குடி, தென்காசியில் நேற்று ஒரே நாளில் 397 பேர் கொரோனால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டனர். இதில் பெண் உள்பட 3 பேர் பலியானார்கள்.