The virions of Inoviridae consist of a capsid that is not enveloped. The capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight to flexuous with a length of 85-280 nm or 760-1950 nm, and a width of 10-16 nm or 6-8 nm. Frequently morphologically aberrant forms have also been observed and they are of abnormal length. (source: ICTV dB Descriptions) ...

Lien vers Pubmed [PMID] - 31332386. Nat Microbiol 2019 Nov;4(11):1895-1906. Bacteriophages from the Inoviridae family (inoviruses) are characterized by their unique morphology, genome content and infection cycle. One of the most striking features of inoviruses is their ability to establish a chronic infection whereby the viral genome resides within the cell in either an exclusively episomal state or integrated into the host chromosome and virions are continuously released without killing the host. To date, a relatively small number of inovirus isolates have been extensively studied, either for biotechnological applications, such as phage display, or because of their effect on the toxicity of known bacterial pathogens including Vibrio cholerae and Neisseria meningitidis. Here, we show that the current 56 members of the Inoviridae family represent a minute fraction of a highly diverse group of inoviruses. Using a machine learning approach leveraging a combination of marker gene and genome ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of a new plasmid-like prophage In a pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strain. AU - Lan, Shih Feng. AU - Huang, Chung Ho. AU - Chang, Chuan Hsiung. AU - Liao, Wei Chao. AU - Lin, I. Hsuan. AU - Jian, Wan Neng. AU - Wu, Yueh Gin. AU - Chen, Shau Yan. AU - Wong, Hin Chung. PY - 2009/5/1. Y1 - 2009/5/1. N2 - Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common food-borne pathogen that is normally associated with seafood. In 1996, a pandemic O3:K6 strain abruptly appeared and caused the first pandemic of this pathogen to spread throughout many Asian countries, America, Europe, and Africa. The role of temperate bacteriophages in the evolution of this pathogen is of great interest. In this work, a new temperate phage, VP882, from a pandemic O3:K6 strain of V. parahaemolyticus was purified and characterized after mitomycin C induction. VP882 was a Myoviridae bacteriophage with a polyhedral head and a long rigid tail with a sheath-like structure. It infected and lysed high ...

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Asima Chatterjee, a pioneer in the field of chemistry, is the subject of the September 23 Google Doodle. Asima Chatterjee, a trailblazer, was born in Calcutta.

Viruses are highly host specific.[5] Studies have shown that marine viruses are more likely to infect cooccurring organisms, those that live in the same region a virus exists in.[6] Therefore, biogeography is an important factor in a virions ability to infect. The knowledge of variation of viral populations across spatiotemporal and other environmental gradients is supported viral morphology, determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Non-tailed viruses appear to be dominant in multiple depths and oceanic regions, followed by the Caudovirales myoviruses, podoviruses, and siphoviruses.[7] However, viruses belonging to families Corticoviridae,[8] Inoviridae[9] and Microviridae[10] are also known to infect diverse marine bacteria. Metagenomic evidence suggests that microviruses (icosahedral ssDNA phages) are particularly prevalent in marine habitats.[10] Metagenomic approaches to assess viral diversity are often limited by a lack of reference sequences, leaving many sequences ...

An aerobic biofilter system was studied to assess its effectiveness for reducing enteric microbial indicators in flushed swine wastewater under different seasonal conditions. A laboratory-scale, low-pressure UV collimated beam apparatus was used to investigate the effectiveness of UV irradiation for inactivating enteric bacteria, coliphages, and bacterial spores in treated and untreated swine wastewater having unfiltered absorbances of 5 to 11 cm−1 and total suspended solids concentrations of 500 to 1200 mg/L. Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, somatic coliphages, and male-specific coliphages were reduced by 97 to 99% in the biofilter system when reactor water temperatures were between 23 and 32 °C. Salmonella were reduced by 95 to 97% when water temperatures were 17 to 32 °C. Of the six microbial indicators studied, Clostridium perfringens spores were typically reduced the least by the biofilter system. At an average absorbed UV irradiation dose of 13 mJ/cm 2 , maximum ...

Homologs of Toxin-Encoding Genes. Although V. fischeri is not known to be pathogenic, and strain ES114 is a beneficial symbiont, its genome carries homologs of Vibrio genes that may have toxin activity (Table 3, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). As mentioned earlier, these include two CTX phage-encoded genes, zot (zona occludins toxin) and ace (accessory cholera enterotoxin), the latter of which has been found only in the V. cholerae and V. fischeri genome sequences. The proteins coded for by these genes have been shown to contribute to the structure of CTX phage (17), and their possible roles as toxins remain controversial (31, 32). At this time, it is not known whether the V. fischeri homologs of these two genes are expressed in this species, or whether they might play a role in this bacteriums symbiotic associations.. All sequenced Vibrio species carry genes encoding another putative toxin called RTX (repeats in structural toxins). RTX activity in V. ...

We studied the steady-state responses to changes in growth rate of yeast when ethanol is the sole source of carbon and energy. Analysis of these data, together with data from studies where glucose was the carbon source, allowed us to distinguish a universal growth rate response (GRR) common to all media studied from a GRR specific to the carbon source. Genes with positive universal GRR include ribosomal, translation, and mitochondrial genes, and those with negative GRR include autophagy, vacuolar, and stress response genes. The carbon source-specific GRR genes control mitochondrial function, peroxisomes, and synthesis of vitamins and cofactors, suggesting this response may reflect the intensity of oxidative metabolism. All genes with universal GRR, which comprise 25% of the genome, are expressed periodically in the yeast metabolic cycle (YMC). We propose that the universal GRR may be accounted for by changes in the relative durations of the YMC phases. This idea is supported by oxygen ...

A two-stage model estimates aggregate and source-specific import demand elasticities for pork in Japan. The low income elasticity of imported pork and low income elasticity of U.S. pork reflect consumer survey results of low quality rating for imported pork compared to domestic pork, and rating for U.S. pork not higher than Canadian pork. To maintain and increase market share, the U.S. needs strategies to reverse consumer attitude by positioning U.S. pork as high quality, safe, and low cost. Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Ukhova, Yekaterina S.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve a source-specific revision to the Arizona state implementation plan (SIP) that provides an alternative to Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) for the Coronado Generating Station (``Coronado), owned and operated by the Salt...

The Calcutta University, IISER Pune and the University of Glasgow have secured a joint funding of Rs 1.4 crore from an international credit mobility scheme for encouraging collaboration between the three institutes.

She couldn t come to Calcutta to promote her debut film, but the Om Shanti Om star used her private visit to attend a sangeet on Monday ... , Read ...

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The army has begun putting up walls of barbed wire on stretches running parallel to the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir during a major counter-insurgency drive codenamed Operation Sarp Vinash carried out from April 20 to May 18. ... , Read.. ...

Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1, Serotype Ogawa, Biotype El Tor Strain -- La Huasteca Region, Mexico, 2013. Díaz-Quiñonez, Alberto; Hernández-Monroy, Irma; Montes-Colima, Norma; Moreno-Pérez, Asunción; Galicia Nicolás, Adriana; Martínez-Rojano, Hugo; Carmona Ramos, Concepción; Sánchez-Mendoza, Miroslava; Cruz Rodríguez-Martínez, José; Suárez-Idueta, Lorena; Eugenia Jiménez-Corona, María; Ruiz-Matus, Cuitláhuac; Kuri-Morales, Pablo // MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report;6/27/2014, Vol. 63 Issue 25, p552 The article reports on the outbreak of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor strain in the La Huasteca region in Mexico in September 2013. Topics discussed include the identification of two cases of cholera in Mexico City by Mexicos National System of... ...

Background Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 has two major serotypes, Ogawa and Inaba, which may alternate among cholera epidemics. The rfbTgene is responsible for the conversion between the two...

Was going through your old blogs about Calcutta. Even though I am from a Hai Raam-you said ANDA variety of UP brahmin family, have always been a wannabe bong. And now have turned my thoroughbred beef eating mallu husband into one hell of a bong convert. So much so that we are sneaking away to Calcutta for 3 days which has left our families befuddled and enlightening us about Air Asia and cheap foreign travel ;). I have always been a fan of yours and would love to have a chance to explore the place through your eyes. The must dos and eats and drinks! I have been there once and did the Victoria memorial, Flurrys routine but would love to spend these 3 days as a true blue bong would. Would you mind helping me out if it is not too inconvenient for you? I promise to return the favor by divulging all the secrets held close to my heart about Lucknow and Bangalore! Pretty please? ...

When Anirban - along with the rest of Calcutta - awoke that morning, they were greeted by what The Telegraph would call the heaviest downpour of 72 years in the next days paper. Half of Calcutta and all of Deshapriya Park were underwater, with water stretching to Anirbans waist (and my chin, if we were adults but we were still in our early teens). Having seen this glimpse of a future movie called 2012, Anirban pretended to study and prayed for the rains to stop. The downpour became heavier ...

Goh, R.B.H. (2010-07). The postclone-nial in Kazuo Ishiguros Never Let Me Go and Amitav Ghoshs The Calcutta Chromosome: Science and the body in the Asian diaspora. Ariel 41 (3-4) : 45-71. ScholarBank@NUS Repository ...

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The Calcutta Elite Lions Club is a part of Lions Clubs International, a network of volunteers who work together to answer the needs that challenge communities around the world.

Dr. Sarkar, MD is a practicing Internist in Earle, AR. Dr. Sarkar graduated from Calcutta National Medical College, University of Calcutta in 1986...

Tara Devi Harak Chand Kankaria Jain College, a self-financed college, was established in 2006 and is affiliated to the University of Calcutta. The Department of English at T.H.K Jain College was established in the year 2010.

Koehler, R. (1927). Echinides du Musée Indien á Calcutta, III: Echinides réguliers. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. 10: 1-158 ...

Most of the males that Calcutta Rescue helps earn between a meager Rs. 40 - 60 per day rickshaw pullers, cycle van drivers, sweepers, paper collectors, waste disposal collectors, daily labourers, etc. The women often earn less, many of them working as maidservants or rag pickers. Some, of course, resort to begging. The majority of their children have no schooling; but those that do often have an irregular attendance record. The general health condition of such a group is poor - malnourishment is not uncommon and they suffer recurring incidences of coughs, colds, diarrhoea, and fever. Their awareness on health issues is minimal or non-existent. And not surprisingly, addiction, as well as physical and sexual abuse is widespread.. Calcutta Rescues Street Medicine Program provides immediate primary medical treatment to people living on the Kolkata streets. It refers children for immunisation if required. It also refers patients to Calcutta Rescues own clinics and government clinics for further ...

Archer J, Pinney JW, Fan J, Simon-Loriere E, Arts EJ, Negroni M, Robertson DLet al., 2008, Identifying the important HIV-1 recombination breakpoints., PLoS Comput Biol, Vol: 4 Recombinant HIV-1 genomes contribute significantly to the diversity of variants within the HIV/AIDS pandemic. It is assumed that some of these mosaic genomes may have novel properties that have led to their prevalence, particularly in the case of the circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). In regions of the HIV-1 genome where recombination has a tendency to convey a selective advantage to the virus, we predict that the distribution of breakpoints--the identifiable boundaries that delimit the mosaic structure--will deviate from the underlying null distribution. To test this hypothesis, we generate a probabilistic model of HIV-1 copy-choice recombination and compare the predicted breakpoint distribution to the distribution from the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Across much of the HIV-1 genome, we find that the observed frequencies of ...

This novel has been described as a kind of mystery thriller (India Today). It brings together three searches: the first is that of an Egyptian clerk, Antar, working alone in a New York apartment in the early years of the twenty-first century to trace the adventures of L. Murugan, who disappeared in Calcutta in 1995; the second pertains to Murugans obsession with the missing links in the history of malaria research; the third search is that of Urmila Roy, a journalist in Calcutta in 1995 who is researching the works of Phulboni, a writer who produced a strange cycle of Lakhan stories that he wrote in the 1930s but suppressed thereafter. ...

Syllabus Of M.Sc Zoology In Calcutta University 2020 2021. Get the latest Syllabus Of M.Sc Zoology In Calcutta University updates here at StudyChaCha.

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Despite being wary of the burgeoning crowd on the roads and queues in front of eateries during Durga Pujo, I would be no where else but in Calcutta during the four days. As the festivities come to a close, I reflect on the reason… Am I growing old? Im yet to see pronounced grey hairs. The wrinkles havent peeked in. Though I do get breathless on occasions, Im managing the marathon with my hyperactive five-year-old. And yes, I can still polish off a plate of Arsalans chicken biryani, without the acerbic burp an hour later. As a Park Circus girl, I was brought up on biryani, a delicacy I believe Calcutta serves the best (No debate here please)! First, it used to arrive home from Shiraz-the Golden Restaurant. A few years later Zeeshan elbowed it out but the fame was short-lived. One fine day, Arsalan set foot and conquered the hearts and palates of Calcutta. The reign continues. Since then many Aliahs, Alibabas and Royals have mushroomed in the vicinity, but Arsalan continue ...

Despite being wary of the burgeoning crowd on the roads and queues in front of eateries during Durga Pujo, I would be no where else but in Calcutta during the four days. As the festivities come to a close, I reflect on the reason… Am I growing old? Im yet to see pronounced grey hairs. The wrinkles havent peeked in. Though I do get breathless on occasions, Im managing the marathon with my hyperactive five-year-old. And yes, I can still polish off a plate of Arsalans chicken biryani, without the acerbic burp an hour later. As a Park Circus girl, I was brought up on biryani, a delicacy I believe Calcutta serves the best (No debate here please)! First, it used to arrive home from Shiraz-the Golden Restaurant. A few years later Zeeshan elbowed it out but the fame was short-lived. One fine day, Arsalan set foot and conquered the hearts and palates of Calcutta. The reign continues. Since then many Aliahs, Alibabas and Royals have mushroomed in the vicinity, but Arsalan continue ...

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Disclaimer - All information and content on this site are for information and educational purposes only. The information should not be used for either diagnosis or treatment or both for any health related problem or disease. Always seek the advice of a qualified physician for medical diagnosis and treatment ...

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I am super excited to be a mere 15 days away from my 3 week trip to Calcutta, India! Ive had to pool a LOT of my own resources to get my plane ticket so Im trying to get some more help with this. As of right now, I need about $300 to carry me through ...

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Jan 24, 2021 - Calcutta, now known as Kolkata is the capital of the eastern Indian state of West Bengal and is located on the bank of River Hooghly. The city was initially developed by British East India Company and later became the capital of British Empire till 1911, when the capital was relocated to Delhi. The city grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the British Indian Empire. It still maintains that heritage.

In 1954, Huldah Buntain sailed with her husband to Calcutta, India, for a one-year term as missionaries. That stint has stretched into 60 years of serving the poor in one of the most populous cities ...

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Post Poll Violence: ভোট পরবর্তী অশান্তি মামলার রায়ে কিছুটা পরিবর্তন করল কলকাতা হাইকোর্ট৷ ভোট পরবর্তী অশান্তির অভিযোগে রাজ্য সরকার গঠিত সিটের তদন্ত হবে কলকাতা হাইকোর্টের অবসরপ্রাপ্ত প্রধান বিচারপতি মঞ্জুলা চেল্লুরের নজরদারিতে৷

A new doctoral student award Nirmal Chandra Memorial Doctoral Student Award has been instituted for obtaining the highest CGPA among the PhD graduating students ...

Since tests to determine early in pregnancy the sex of the fetus have become widely available in India, female fetuses have been widely disappearing, according to columnist Seema Sirohi in Calcutta. Technology and tradition have combined cruelly to offer parents an easy release from the curse of girl babies.

Samuel Newell (1784-1821) was born in Durham, Maine. He graduated from Harvard College in 1807, and from Andover Theological Seminary in 1810, where he met Judson and Nott. In February 1812, he married Harriet Atwood, after a two year engagement. The Newells and the Judsons sailed for Calcutta, India on the ship Carava