TY - JOUR. T1 - Long-term perfusion of the cerebroventricular system of dogs without leakage to the peripheral circulation. AU - Nitecki, S.. AU - Karmeli, R.. AU - Harty, G. J.. AU - Kamei, C.. AU - Yaksh, T. L.. AU - Szurszewski, J. H.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Methods developed previously for studying the effect of cerebroventricular injection or ventriculocisternal perfusion of test substances are unsatisfactory because the test substance is not confined to the central compartment. Most likely the test substance enters the peripheral circulation via the arachnoid villi. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for perfusing the cerebroventricular system of conscious dogs without passage of test substances to the peripheral circulation. With the method described, the mean (±SE) cerebroventricular pressure in conscious dogs was 7.4 ± 0.8 cmH2O (n = 16), and the mean (±SE) production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 25 ± 0.3 μl/min (n = 16). Endogenously occurring migrating ...

Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) is a cysteine protease that processes immature pro-IL-1β into active mature IL-1β. IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates many of the physiological and behavioral responses to inflammation. Genetic deletion of ICE has previously been shown to prevent some negative physiologic responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Here we used a preclinical murine model to test the hypothesis that ICE is necessary for development of depression-like behaviors following intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment with LPS. Adult male ICE knockout (ICE KO) and congenic wild-type C57BL/6 J (WT) mice were administered LPS either ICV at 100 ng/mouse or intraperitoneally (IP) at 830 μg/kg body weight or an equal volume of saline as controls. Mice were monitored up to 48 h after treatment for both sickness and depression-like behaviors. LPS given ICV induced a loss of body weight in both WT and ICE KO mice. This sickness response was similar

Our purpose was to study the influence of the stimulation of the cerebroventricular system on some mechanisms related to hydrosaline equilibrium and blood pressure regulation. Renal function and blood pressure (group 1) as well as the baroreceptor reflex (group 2) were studied. In group 1, we measured diuresis, natriuresis, creatinine clearance, lithium clearance, and blood pressure in control rats and after stimulation of the cerebroventricular system with 1 M NaCl solution. In group 2, we evaluated the baroreceptor reflex, producing an increase of blood pressure with an injection of phenylephrine to obtain baroreceptor reflex curves--characterized by threshold, point of inflection, heart period range, gain, and systolic pressure corresponding to half the heart period range (SBP50)--in control and experimental rats injected with saline and 1 M NaCl solution, respectively. In group 1 experimental rats, we observed a significant increase in diuresis, natriuresis, blood pressure, and glomerular ...

Anatomic, velocimetric, and brain motion MRI scans were combined with a computational fluid dynamics model to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mixing in the third cerebral ventricle of a healthy male adult. It was found that advection dominates over diffusion in most of the third ventricle. Three zones where diffusion plays an important role in the mixing process were identified. One of these zones, consisting of recessus infundibulus, recessus opticus and the adjacent regions up to commissura anterior, is likely to exist in the general population. We hypothesize that this zone may act as a buffer to flatten concentration peaks of pituitary gland hormones released into the CSF of the third ventricle. We further hypothesize that this zone may facilitate the communication between hypothalamus and the pituitary gland through the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid by prolonging residence times of the communicated hormones. ...

There is considerable evidence that N/OFQ and the NOP receptor are involved in a multitude of opioid actions. N/OFQ, given intracerebroventricularly, has been shown to block morphine analgesia (Mogil et al., 1996); however, it has antinociceptive activities when administered intrathecally (Tian et al., 1997). Although selective peptide antagonists have antinociceptive activity when given intracerebroventricularly (Calo et al., 2000, 2005), selective small-molecule antagonists are not analgesic (Ozaki et al., 2000; Zaratin et al., 2004). The analgesic action of small-molecule agonists, when given systemically, is also unclear. Initial publications suggested that the selective agonist Ro 64-6198 is not analgesic, and attenuates morphine analgesia (Jenck et al., 2000). However, recent studies have shown that Ro 64-6198 has antinociceptive activity in mice using the hotplate but not the tail-flick test (Reiss et al., 2008), and in monkeys when measuring tail withdrawal (Ko et al., 2009). In both of ...

In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that chronic BACE1 inhibition in aged Tg2576 mice can reduce brain amyloid to levels below that at start of treatment and rescue deficits in contextual fear memory. A robust increase in microglial ramification, associated with brain amyloid reduction, suggests recruitment of novel clearance pathways following BACE1 inhibition in aged transgenic mice.. We sought proof-of-concept of whether chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of a potent BACE1 inhibitor can reduce brain amyloid and/or improve function in aged Tg2576 mice, despite high P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux from the brain (Meredith et al., 2008). Intracerebroventricular doses ≤1.1 μg/d produced robust brain exposures that were well tolerated and revealed maximal efficacy. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion at 23.5 μg/d or subcutaneous infusion at 1.1 μg/d led to high mortality. Deaths were likely due to high compound exposures leading to non-BACE1-mediated toxicity, ...

Equipment for intracerebral administration of preparations is composed of a preparation-administering device (1) holding a preparation (2), and a plunger (4) removably arranged in the preparation-administering device adapted to push the preparation held therein toward one end of the preparation-administering device. The intracerebral preparation-administration equipment is inserted into a preparation-introducing guide (5) previously implanted in the head of a patient to introduce the preparation into its guide hole (26). The preparation is then guided to a site of administration through a flexible guide tube (23) communicated with the guide hole of the preparation-introducing guide. The equipment for intracerebral administration of preparations may be composed of a tubular preparation-retaining member (30) having a preparation contained therein, and a holder (32) for holding the tubular preparation-retaining member along with a push rod (31) inserted thereinto as an integral part thereof. In this

Intracerebroventricular injection (ICVI) is an invasive injection technique of substances directly into the cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral ventricles in order to bypass the blood brain barrier. Although this barrier effectively protects the brain, it can prevent important medications to enter the CNS. The technique is widely used in biomedical research to introduce drugs, therapeutic RNAs, plasmid DNAs, and viral vectors into the CNS of diseased mice models. It can also be used in human in cases of neurodegenerative disorders like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), or administering chemotherapy in gliomas as well as delivering neurotrophic factors to CNS. Ommaya reservoir is a catheter system invented by Ayub Ommaya, a Pakistani neurosurgeon in 1963. The reservoir is implanted under the scalp and attached to a catheter which is intracerebroventricularly inserted into the lateral ventricle. Lee, Mary; Desai, Archana (2007). Gibaldis Drug Delivery Systems in Pharmaceutical Care. ASHP. p. 107. ISBN ...

Vahidy, W.H., Yeo, J.-F., Ong, W.-Y., Farooqui, A.A. (2006). Effects of intracerebroventricular injections of free fatty acids, lysophospholipids, or platelet activating factor in a mouse model of orofacial pain. Experimental Brain Research 174 (4) : 781-785. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0672- ...

Before starting Brineura. Brineura is administered every other week through intraventricular infusion.1 This method allows Brineura to be delivered directly to a ventricle in the brain, and then into the fluid surrounding the brain, known as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Brineura is delivered into the CSF to help reach cells that are affected by CLN2 disease. Knowledgeable members of your healthcare team will give your childs Brineura infusions1.. To receive intraventricular infusions, your child will first need to have an intraventricular access device surgically implanted.1 This is an established procedure in pediatric neurosurgery.2 The neurosurgeon will discuss the procedure with you and answer any additional questions you may have.. Your healthcare team will let you know how to prepare your child for infusion, and what to expect during this procedure. Your child will be monitored before, during, and after the infusion, and may receive medications to reduce the risk of hypersensitivity ...

In the first stage, the channel gets flushed with deionized water and a cleaning solution in the central injection port. Once the cleaning cycle is finished the run buffer pvp and dye mixture gets introduced in the same port. The waste exits the ports on the sides which are extensions of, not perpendicular to the spiral channel. Once the channel is uniformly filled, confirmed by comparing the baseline fluorescence readings of each window, the sample is injected simultaneously into the two spiral arms and a high voltage is applied (Im getting a power supply which provides up to 12kv). The separation is read through each of the eight windows and the results are compared and optimized in programming. After separating a few samples the cycle resets itself and the cleaning cycle happens again ...

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When you install System Center 2012 Configuration Manager for the first time, you create a Configuration Manager site that is the foundation from which to manage devices and users in your enterprise. This site is either a central administration site or a primary site. A central administration site is suitable for large-scale deployments and provides a central point of administration and the flexibility to support devices that are distributed across a global network infrastructure. A primary site is suitable for smaller deployments and it has fewer options to accommodate any future growth of your enterprise.. When you install a central administration site, you must also install at least one primary site to manage users and devices. With this design, you can install additional primary sites to manage more devices and to control network bandwidth when devices are in different geographical locations. You can also install another type of site that is named a secondary site. Secondary sites extend a ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Seasonal and dose-dependent effects of intracerebroventricular leptin on lh secretion and appetite in sheep. AU - Miller, D W. AU - Findlay, P A. AU - Morrison, M A. AU - Raver, N. AU - Adam, C L. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - The role of leptin in neuroendocrine appetite and reproductive regulation remains to be fully resolved. A series of three experiments was conducted using adequately nourished oestradiol-implanted castrated male sheep. In a cross-over design (n=6), responses to a single i.c.v. (third ventricle) injection of leptin (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg ovine leptin (oLEP) and 1.0 mg murine leptin (mLEP)), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 20 micro g) or 0.9% saline (control) were measured in terms of LH secretion (4 h post-injection compared with 4 h pre-injection) and appetite (during 2 h post-injection) in autumn (Experiment 1). NMDA and 1.0 mg oLEP treatments were repeated in the same sheep in the following spring (Experiment 2). With an additional 12 sheep (n=18 in cross-over ...

ABSTRACTResolution of inflammation in the periphery was once thought to be a passive process, but new research now suggests it is an active process mediated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). However, this has yet to be ill

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its receptor are abundantly distributed in the brain, especially in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus associated with regulating energy homeostasis. To elucidate the possible involvement of CNP in energy regulation, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of CNP on food intake in mice. The intracerebroventricular administration of CNP-22 and CNP-53 significantly suppressed food intake on 4-h refeeding after 48-h fasting. Next, intracerebroventricular administration of CNP-22 and CNP-53 significantly decreased nocturnal food intake. The increment of food intake induced by neuropeptide Y and ghrelin was markedly suppressed by intracerebroventricular administration of CNP-22 and CNP-53. When SHU9119, an antagonist for melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptors, was coadministered with CNP-53, the suppressive effect of CNP-53 on refeeding after 48-h fasting was significantly attenuated by SHU9119. Immunohistochemical ...

Exercise increased many circulating inflammatory cells in both children with asthma does cialis make you last longer and controls. In addition, the factors independent of resection margin are more likely to increase the risk of local recurrence in pelvic osteosarcoma.. Because the molecular mechanism by which ZDC and Ti act on osteoblasts is incompletely understood, we attempted to get more information by comparing the effect of ZDC and Ti on osteoblast miRNAs. All the cialis vs viagra effectiveness drugs were given intracerebroventricularly (icv), histamine antagonists 15 min prior to compound 48/80. Generation of new cardiomyocytes after injury: de novo formation from resident progenitors vs.. Some inconsistencies in the results of two national food consumption surveys were discussed, as were the problems inherent in cooking method terminology. Care portals: enhancing the value of private duty home care through technology. Skin flaps mobilized from the inguinoperineal area instead of a ...

EGF promotes proliferation and migration of stem/progenitor cells in the normal adult brain. The effect of epidermal growth factor on neurogenesis in ischemic brain is unknown, however. Here we show that intraventricular administration of EGF and albumin augments 100-fold neuronal replacement in the injured adult mouse striatum after cerebral ischemia. Newly born immature neurons migrate into the ischemic lesion and differentiate into mature parvalbumin-expressing neurons, replacing more than 20% of the interneurons lost by 13 weeks after ischemia and representing 2% of the total BrdU-labeled cells. These data suggest that administration of EGF and albumin could be used to manipulate endogenous neurogenesis in the injured brain and to promote brain self-repair.. ...

The non-pathogenic parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), is an efficient vector for transgene expression in vivo and shows promise for treatment of brain disorders in clinical trials. Currently, there are more than 100 AAV serotypes identified that differ in the binding capacity of capsid proteins to specific cell surface receptors that can transduce different cell types and brain regions in the CNS. In the current study, multiple AAV serotypes expressing a GFP reporter (AAV1, AAV2/1, AAVDJ, AAV8, AAVDJ8, AAV9, AAVDJ9) were screened for their infectivity in both primary murine astrocyte and neuronal cell cultures. AAV2/1, AAVDJ8 and AAV9 were selected for further investigation of their tropism throughout different brain regions and cell types. Each AAV was administered to P0-neonatal mice via intracerebroventricular injections (ICV). Brains were then systematically analyzed for GFP expression at 3 or 6 weeks post-infection in various regions, including the olfactory bulb, striatum, cortex,

TY - JOUR. T1 - Intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-# peptides in normal mice to acutely induce alzheimer-like cognitive deficits. AU - Kim, Hye Yun. AU - Lee, Dongkeun K.. AU - Chung, Bo Ryehn. AU - Kim, Hyunjin V.. AU - Kim, Youngsoo. N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R and D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: H14C04660000). Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Journal of Visualized Experiments.. PY - 2016/2/24. Y1 - 2016/2/24. N2 - Amyloid-# (A#) is a major pathological mediator of both familial and sporadic Alzheimers disease (AD). In the brains of AD patients, progressive accumulation of A# oligomers and plaques is observed. Such A# abnormalities are believed to block long-term potentiation, impair synaptic function, and induce cognitive deficits. Clinical and experimental evidences have revealed that the acute ...

In rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), sustained remission of diabetic hyperglycemia can be induced by a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). To identify the brain area(s) responsible for this effect, we first used immunohistochemistry to map the hypothalamic distribution of phosphoERK (pERK1/2), a marker of MAP kinase-ERK signal transduction downstream of FGF receptor activation. Twenty minutes after icv FGF1 injection in adult male Wistar rats, pERK1/2 staining was detected primarily in two hypothalamic areas: the arcuate nucleus and adjacent median eminence (ARC-ME), and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). To determine whether an action of FGF1 localized to either the ARC-ME or the PVN is capable of mimicking the sustained antidiabetic effect elicited by icv FGF1, we microinjected either saline vehicle or a low dose of FGF1 (0.3 µg/side) bilaterally into either the ARC-ME area or PVN of Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of T2D, and ...

Infusion of synthetic ovine CRF (10 or 100 micrograms/h) into the lateral lateral cerebral ventricle for 24 h increased mean arterial blood pressure of conscious sheep. CRF infusion also increased urine output and sodium excretion. Intravenous infusi

The effects on nociception, blood pressure and heart rate of clonidine administered intrathecally to the lumbar level were determined in conscious rats and in rats anesthetized lightly with pentobarbital. In anesthetized rats, intrathecal (i.t.) clonidine (3.2-32.0 micrograms) inhibited the nociceptive tail-flick reflex and had biphasic effects on blood pressure; lesser doses (1.0-10.0 micrograms) produced depressor effects, whereas a greater dose (32.0 micrograms) produced a marked pressor response. Clonidine also produced biphasic effects on blood pressure in conscious rats, with the dose-response function shifted upward and to the left of that observed in anesthetized rats. The depressor and antinociceptive effects of 3.2 micrograms of clonidine were antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine (30.0 micrograms i.t.) but not by prazosin (30.0 micrograms i.t.) or by yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). Thus, these effects of clonidine are mediated by spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptors. The pressor response to ...

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an O(2)-binding protein localized to cerebral neurons of vertebrates, including humans. Its physiological role is unknown but, like hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytoglobin/histoglobin, it may transport O(2), detoxify reactive oxygen species, or serve as a hypoxia sensor. We reported recently that hypoxia stimulates transcriptional activation of Ngb in cultured cortical neurons and that antisense inhibition of Ngb expression increases hypoxic neuronal injury, whereas overexpression of Ngb confers resistance to hypoxia. These findings are consistent with a role for Ngb in promoting neuronal survival after hypoxic insults in vitro. Here we report that in rats, intracerebroventricular administration of an Ngb antisense, but not sense, oligodeoxynucleotide increases infarct volume and worsens functional neurological outcome, whereas intracerebral administration of a Ngb-expressing adeno-associated virus vector reduces infarct size and improves functional outcome, after focal ...

Recent evidence indicates that many of the physiologic, metabolic, and behavioral responses that accompany infection in mammals are important for maintaining homeostasis and promoting recovery. We have extended this concept to birds by demonstrating that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) increases body temperature (T$\sb{\rm b}$), reduces feed intake, increases somnolence, decreases plasma (Fe) and (Zn), increases plasma (Cu), and elevates plasma corticosterone. To determine if any of these responses could be mediated centrally, LPS was injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Whereas i.p. injection of LPS caused a modest increase in T$\sb{\rm b}$, the hyperthermic response to LPS injected i.c.v. was intense and long-lasting. This hyperthermia following i.c.v. injection of LPS was accompanied by only a transient reduction in food intake and elevation in sleep activity, with no change in plasma (Fe) or (Zn). Both peripheral and central injections of LPS increased ...

Both suckling and OT stimulation caused ERK1/2 activation; blocking it also blocked OT-evoked bursts. If suckling-evoked ERK1/2 activation is causally related to burst generation/milk ejections, then blocking ERK1/2 activation should also suppress the MER. To test this hypothesis, we first investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular microinjections of PD98059 (n = 3) or U0126 (n = 3) on the MER. Here we preferred the cerebroventricular injection rather than bilateral intra-SON injection because the former is an efficient approach to modulate burst activity by OT/OTR antagonist (Freund-Mercier and Richard, 1981, 1984) and can minimize physical damage to the SON for normal MER. In addition, this approach includes blockade in PVN neurons, thereby avoiding compensatory influences of intact PVN OT neurons after blocking ERK1/2 activation in the SON only.. Before applying PD98059 or U0126, a vehicle injection (1 μl of 50% DMSO plus 50% aCSF) was tested in these rats. Milk ejections, as ...

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Lukacs H, Hiatt ES, Lei ZM, Rao CV. Peripheral and intracerebroventricular administration of human chorionic gonadotropin alters several hippocampus-associated behaviors in cycling female rats ...

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Lesion of the anteroventral portion of the third cerebral ventricle causes hypernatremia, adipsia, and attenuation of the pressor response to intravenous administration of angiotensin II and norepinephrine. In addition, these lesions prevent the development of several experimental models of hypertension. In this study, a lesion of the third cerebral ventricle region was made in 14 dogs. In seven dogs in which hypernatremia developed the lesions included the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis; seven animals in which the circumventricular organ was spared by the lesion remained normonatremic. Vascular responsiveness of isolated right carotid artery rings to angiotensin II and phenylephrine was assessed 3 days after lesioning the anteroventral portion of the third cerebral ventricle. In endothelium-denuded ring vessels, vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine were significantly decreased in animals both with and without inclusion of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. A ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Behavioral effects of neurotensin in the open field. T2 - structure-activity studies. AU - Elliott, Peter J.. AU - Chan, Jackie. AU - Parker, Yuka Marie. AU - Nemeroff, Charles B.. PY - 1986/9/3. Y1 - 1986/9/3. N2 - The behavioral effects of intracerebroventricularly administered neurotensin (NT), some NT fragments and two synthetic NT analogs were investigated in the open field. Each peptide was studied in both a novel (no pre-exposure) and a familiar (with pre-exposure) environmental situation. Neurotensin decreases locomotor activity in the periphery but increases the time spent in the central area of the apparatus. Of the congeners tested, D-Phe11-NT has similar effects to NT whereas the NT fragments were generally inactive. These findings indicate that the intact peptide or stable substituted NT analogs, but not small C- and N-terminal fragments of NT, are behaviorally active after intraventricular administration.. AB - The behavioral effects of intracerebroventricularly ...

Problem statement: The present study was performed to determine the effect of Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of W-7, a specific calmodulin inhibitor, on the analgesic effect and development of tolerance to antinociceptive effect of acute and chronic morphine administration respectively. Approach: This study was carried out on male wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g. For acute experimental protocol, Morphine was injected intraperitonealy in a single dose (5 mg kg-1). For chronic experimental protocol, Morphine was administered daily (15 mg kg-1 for 8 days). The threshold to thermal nociceptive stimuli was measured by tail-flick test. In acute and chronic experiments, W-7 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μmol/rat) was injected through ICV at different paradigms. Maximal Possible Effect percentage (MPE%) was considered as analgesia index. Results: Our result showed that W-7 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μmol/rat) injections before acute morphine administration significantly reduced the analgesic effect of

Injection of norepinephrine in the lateral ventricles of rats recovering from lateral hypothalamic anorexia caused immediate feeding and, frequently, overeating. Intraventricular administration of the α-noradrenergic blocker, phentolamine, suppressed feeding in both normal rats and rats that had recovered from lateral hypothalamic lesions. Feeding is reinforced by ascending medial forebrain bundle fibers that form α-noradrenergic synapses in the hypothalamus and forebrain. Damage to these fibers suppresses feeding by reducing noradrenergic transmission and, hence, the rewarding value of food. Recovery of feeding after hypothalamic lesions coincides with the recovery of noradrenergic reward function. ...

Autor: Linthorst, A. C. E. et al.; Genre: Zeitschriftenartikel; Im Druck veröffentlicht: 1997; Titel: Long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of corticotropin-releasing hormone alters neuroendocrine, neurochemical, autonomic, behavioral and cytokine responses to a systemic inflammatory challenge

BACKGROUND The effect of small and high doses of intracerebroventricularly (icv) applied bradykinin (BK) on nociception produced by mechanical stimuli and the participation of B1 and B2 receptors in this nociception were investigated in rats. RESULTS BK at the lowest dose (0.06 μg) produced hyperalgesia whereas at the higher doses (6 and 12 μg) antinociception. This effect was abolished by B1 or B2 receptor antagonists, des-Arg(10)-HOE140 and HOE140 (1 pmol icv), respectively. CONCLUSION Depending on the dose used, BK produces pro- or anti-nociceptive action. Both B1 and B2 receptors are involved in the action of icv applied BK.

If I lived up there, I sure would have voted for him, said Short, an Inver Grove Heights resident who retired from coaching in 1998 with 374 victories and four state championships. I think he will be very good because he wont be afraid of any kind of work. When you arent afraid of work, it means you will dig and dig to find the right answers. Those determined kind of workers usually tend to be good decision makers.. Vandeveer said there is a correlation between coaching wrestling and what lies ahead for Dettmer.. His wrestling skills will absolutely come in handy in the respect that a lot of what happens in the Legislature is about persistence, keeping your eye on the goal, Vandeveer said. When you are working hard for an area that you represent, and to do it in an atmosphere where there is always a lot of peripheral action going on, it is similar to (wrestling). You have the one-on-one aspect, but you really have the team outlook, too. You are able to work independently, but a lot of ...

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With the recent advances in imaging techniques, we now understand that nociceptive inputs can result in the activation of complex interactions among central sites, including cortical regions that are active in cognitive, emotional and reward functions.

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Intraventricular drug delivery is the delivery of pain medication within the cerebrospinal fluid of the cistern (C1-2 vertebra) and intracranial ventricles.

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The involvement of central catecholaminergic neurons in tonic gonadotrophin release was investigated. Male rats were given a single cerebral intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA; 170 μg free base) dissolved in 0·001 n-HCL. Plasma LH and FSH were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay. In the 6-OHDA-treated animals, LH was significantly reduced (P,0·001 after 1 hr and remained consistently lower for 8 hr. After a transient elevation, the controls showed no significant change (P,0·01). No difference in LH concentrations was found between experimental groups sampled at 2 days or later (P,0·01). Levels of FSH were less consistently different. Administration of 6-OHDA dissolved in different vehicles, with varied pH and osmolarity, gave similar results which suggests that the quinone derivative of 6-OHDA is effective in producing the catecholaminergic impairment. These findings indicate that LH release in the male rat may be controlled (or at least ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Galanin antagonizes acetylcholine on a memory tast in basal forebrain-lesioned rats. AU - Mastropaolo, J.. AU - Nadi, N. S.. AU - Ostrowski, N. L.. AU - Crawley, Jacqueline. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. N2 - Galanin coexists with acetylcholine in medial septal neurons projecting to the ventral hippocampus, a projection thought to modulate memory functions. Neurochemical lesions of the nucleus basalis-medial septal area in rats impaired choice accuracy on a delayed alternation t-maze task. Acetylcholine (7.5 or 10 μg intraventricularly or 1 μg microinjected into the ventral hippocampus) significantly improved performance in the lesioned rats. Atropine (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally or 10 μg intraventricularly), but not mecamylamine (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally or 20 μg intraventicularly), blocked this action of acetylcholine, suggesting involvement of a muscarinic receptor. Galanin (100-500 ng intraventricularly or 200 ng into the ventral hippocampus) attenuated the ability of ...

Cilia free our airways of dust, mucus, and pathogens, transport egg cells through the fallopian tubes, and help sperm to move forward. The four chambers in our brain, so-called cerebral ventricles, are also lined with a layer of highly specialized cells covered with bundles of cilia on their surface. Although each one is just a few thousandths of a millimeter in size, hundreds of them beating in unison can generate powerful flows.. Gregor Eichele and Regina Faubel at the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Biophysical Chemistry, together with Eberhard Bodenschatz and Christian Westendorf at the MPI for Dynamics and Self-Organization, have now succeeded in making the complex network of these flows visible in an isolated cerebral ventricle tissue. For their experiments, the researchers in Göttingen concentrated on the third cerebral ventricle, which is embedded in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a very important control center, regulating functions like the circulatory system, body temperature, ...

Objective: To investigate the effect of lateral ventricle injection inhibitor nesfatin-1 on glycolipid metabolism and its relationship with hypothalamic AMPK expression. Methods: Nesfatin-1 was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat by the brain stereotactic technique (nesfatin-1 group), and the sham operation group was injected with an equal volume of artificial cerebrospinal fluid and the control group had no interference factor. The rats were kept for 4 weeks and an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect blood sugar and blood lipid levels. The expression of AMPK mRNA in rat hypothalamus was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of AMPKα and phosphorylated AMPKα (pAMPKα) in the rat hypothalamus was detected by Western blot. Results: (1)According to the results of biochemical tests, compared to the control group, the level of FPG and TG in experimental group were significantly decreased (P ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Central administration of phosphatidylserine attenuates isolation stress-induced behavior in chicks. AU - Koutoku, Tomoyuki. AU - Takahashi, Hirokazu. AU - Tomonaga, Shozo. AU - Oikawa, Daichi. AU - Saito, Shin. AU - Tachibana, Tetsuya. AU - Han, Li. AU - Hayamizu, Kohsuke. AU - Denbow, D. Michael. AU - Furuse, Mitsuhiro. PY - 2005/8. Y1 - 2005/8. N2 - The present study investigated whether centrally administered phosphatidylserine (PS) could modify the behavior of chicks under isolation-induced stress. Isolation stress-induced vocalization and spontaneous activity for 10 min, which were attenuated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of PS. The effect of PS was compared with other phospholipids or l-serine, a constituent of PS. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) had no effect on these behavior, but phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) significantly increased vocalizations and spontaneous activity compared with PS. l-Serine similarly decreased isolation-induced vocalizations and ...

J-113,397 is an opioid drug which was the first compound found to be a highly selective antagonist for the nociceptin receptor, also known as the ORL-1 receptor.[1][2] It is several hundred times selective for the ORL-1 receptor over other opioid receptors,[3][4] and its effects in animals include preventing the development of tolerance to morphine,[5] the prevention of hyperalgesia induced by intracerebroventricular administration of nociceptin (orphanin FQ),[6] as well as the stimulation of dopamine release in the striatum,[7] which increases the rewarding effects of cocaine,[8] but may have clinical application in the treatment of Parkinsons disease.[9][10][11] ...

Patients with chronic renal failure display abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism (1-5). They almost always have resistance to the peripheral action of insulin (5, 6), while insulin secretion...

Intracerebral injections are an invasive method to bypass the blood brain barrier and are widely used to study molecular and cellular mechanisms of the central nervous system

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Significance of CAMK2B gene acquisition and amplification with exogenous 30C6HSL promoters : Within the rigid β -can structure (6) of GFP variants, Baird et al. (7) found a site that would tolerate circular permutations where two portions of the polypeptide are flipped around the central site. With obvious clefts in the β-can, the chromophore of the circularly permuted GFPs (cpGFP) seemed to be more accessible to protons outside of the proteins. The use of cpGFP might be interesting for converting the interaction signal between two protein domains into a change in the electrostatic potential of the chromophore; in other words, to transduce the information of the interaction into a fluorescent signal. [1] ...

Significance of CAMK2B gene acquisition and amplification with exogenous 30C6HSL promoters : Within the rigid β -can structure (6) of GFP variants, Baird et al. (7) found a site that would tolerate circular permutations where two portions of the polypeptide are flipped around the central site. With obvious clefts in the β-can, the chromophore of the circularly permuted GFPs (cpGFP) seemed to be more accessible to protons outside of the proteins. The use of cpGFP might be interesting for converting the interaction signal between two protein domains into a change in the electrostatic potential of the chromophore; in other words, to transduce the information of the interaction into a fluorescent signal. [1] ...

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I prepared (or cooperated in the preparation of) the Work as part of my duties as an employee, and the Work is, therefore, a work made for hire, as defined by the United States Copyright Act of 1976, as amended ...

To our crafters and those who like to sew in our community, the City of Green is accepting homemade masks Monday through Fridays between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. at the Central Administration Building, 1755 Town Park Blvd. The masks will be shared with our local businesses, residents and volunteers who request them. Creating homemade masks: ...

Video articles in JoVE about oligonucleotides antisense include Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System.