Abstract. Secondary or reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is frequently related to viral infections. However, the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus associated HPS has never been reported. On October 10, 2009, a 17-year-old female child with no past medical history, complaining of severe asthenia, pneumonia, myalgia, and high fever, was admitted to our department, and H1N1 DNA was detected. Five days after her hospitalization, all signs and symptoms aggravated into HPS. After treatment for H1N1 influenza, the patient had a recovery and clearance of H1N1 infection 10 days after hospitalization. Three weeks later, the patient was discharged without any complaints, indicating the etiological role of H1N1infection in HPS.

In April 2009, novel swine-origin influenza viruses (S-OIV) were identified in patients from Mexico and the United States. The viruses were genetically characterized as a novel influenza A (H1N1) strain originating in swine, and within a very short time the S-OIV strain spread across the globe via human-to-human contact.We conducted a comprehensive computational search of all available sequences of the surface proteins of H1N1 swine influenza isolates and found that a similar strain to S-OIV appeared in Thailand in 2000. The earlier isolates caused infections in pigs but only one sequenced human case, A/Thailand/271/2005 (H1N1 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza a epidemic. AU - Smith, Gavin J D. AU - Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran. AU - Bahl, Justin. AU - Lycett, Samantha J.. AU - Worobey, Michael. AU - Pybus, Oliver G.. AU - Ma, Siu Kit. AU - Cheung, Chung Lam. AU - Raghwani, Jayna. AU - Bhatt, Samir. AU - Peiris, J. S Malik. AU - Guan, Yi. AU - Rambaut, Andrew. PY - 2009/6/25. Y1 - 2009/6/25. N2 - In March and early April 2009, a new swine-origin influenza A (HlNl) virus (S-OIV) emerged in Mexico and the United States. During the first few weeks of surveillance, the virus spread worldwide to 30 countries (as of May 11 ) by human-to-human transmission, causing the World Health Organization to raise its pandemic alert to level 5 of 6. This virus has the potential to develop into the first influenza pandemic of the twenty-first century. Here we use evolutionary analysis to estimate the timescale of the origins and the early development of the S-OIV epidemic. We show ...

This document provides interim guidance for state and local health departments, hospitals, and clinicians in regions with few or no reported cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) (S-OIV) regarding which patients to evaluate for possible infection with swine influenza A (H1N1). As of April 29 1:00 PM, there were 91 laboratory confirmed cases of S-OIV infection identified in 14 states in the United States. Human cases of S-OIV infection also have been identified internationally. Based on the rapid spread of the S-OIV thus far, public health officials believe that more cases will be identified over the next several weeks, including in regions that currently have few or no reported cases ...

The Pandemic H1N1/09 virus is a swine origin Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 virus strain responsible for the 2009 flu pandemic. For other names see the Nomenclature section below. The virus is a novel strain of influenza. Existing vaccines against seasonal flu provided no protection. A study at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published in May 2009 found that children had no preexisting immunity to the new strain but that adults, particularly those over 60, had some degree of immunity. Children showed no cross-reactive antibody reaction to the new strain, adults aged 18 to 64 had 6-9%, and older adults 33%. Much reporting of early analysis repeated that the strain contained genes from five different flu viruses: North American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and two swine influenza viruses typically found in Asia and Europe. Further analysis showed that several of the proteins of the virus are most similar to strains that caused mild ...

The recent swine origin influenza pandemic (2009), new emergence of swine origin H3N2v, and delayed availability of vaccine for these agents highlight the need to test and optimize public health intervention strategies to reduce transmission of influenza. We will use a new technology for biological particle collection (U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/162,395, McDevitt et al., Aerosol Sci Technol 2013) to make fundamental observations on infectious respiratory droplets in a study of up to 200 naturally occurring seasonal influenza cases. We will collect respiratory droplets shed by participants while breathing normally, talking, and spontaneously coughing. We will characterize the size distribution of droplets containing infectious virus. We will use these basic data to examine the roles of large and small respiratory droplets and examine how the interaction of host factors and virus type impact the shedding of infectious respiratory droplets. Subjects will be recruited through a web ...

The use of monoclonal antibodies Fab28 and Fab49 for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infections is described, the which virus is responsible for the influenza syndrome commonly known as

Vaccination Pandemrix suspension and emulsion for emulsion for injection. 1 dose (0.5 ml) contains Split influenza virus, inactivated, containing antigen 3.75 micrograms of A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)v-like strain (X-179A). * Pandemic influenza vaccine (H1N1)v (split virion, inactivated, adjuvanted) ...

Influenza A virus has been detected in the blood of some infected individuals, and may pose a safety concern for collection, handling and transport of specimens for epidemiological and public health investigations if infectious virus is present in samples. Furthermore the effect of storage on virus stability and infectivity has not been well studied. We examined the stability of novel pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus RNA when the virus was stored in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), plasma, or buffy coated blood at either room temperature or 4°C using a sensitive Taqman RT-PCR assay. We also investigated virus infectivity using the EID50 assay when virus was stored in PBS, plasma, or buffy coats isolated from blood at 4°C. Viral RNA stability was affected by the matrix used for storage. The recovery of viral RNA was highest when virus was stored in PBS with lower amounts being recovered from plasma and buffy coats at either room temperature or 4°C. Incubation time did not appear to be a major factor

On April 24, 2009, CDC reported eight confirmed cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection in Texas and California.1 The strain ...

Influenza A virus is a major public health threat, killing more than 30,000 people per year in the USA (1). In early 2009, a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus was identified in specimens obtained from patients in Mexico and the United States (2). The virus spread quickly around the world and on June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic (3). Influenza A virus has one of sixteen possible Hemagglutinin (HA) surface proteins and one of nine possible neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins. The Hemagglutinin protein facilitates viral attachment while neuraminidase is involved in viral release. These proteins also elicit immune responses that prevent infection or independently reduce viral replication. The genetic make-up of this swine flu virus is unlike any other: it is an H1N1 strain that combines a triple assortment first identified in 1998 including human, swine, and avian influenza with two new pig H3N2 virus genes from Eurasia, themselves of recent human origin ...

Influenza A virus is a major public health threat, killing more than 30,000 people per year in the USA (1). In early 2009, a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus was identified in specimens obtained from patients in Mexico and the United States (2). The virus spread quickly around the world and on June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic (3). Influenza A virus has one of sixteen possible Hemagglutinin (HA) surface proteins and one of nine possible Neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins. The Hemagglutinin protein facilitates viral attachment while Neuraminidase is involved in viral release. These proteins also elicit immune responses that prevent infection or independently reduce viral replication. The genetic make-up of this swine flu virus is unlike any other: it is an H1N1 strain that combines a triple assortment first identified in 1998 including human, swine, and avian influenza with two new pig H3N2 virus genes from Eurasia, themselves of recent human origin ...

A pandemic novel H1N1 swine-origin influenza virus has emerged. Most recently the World Health Organization has announced that in a country-dependent fashion, up to 15% of cases may require hospitalization, often including respiratory support. It is now clear that healthy children and young adults are disproportionately affected, most unusually among those with severe respiratory disease without underlying conditions. One possible explanation for this case age distribution is the doctrine of Original Antigenic Sin, i.e., novel H1N1 may be antigenically similar to H1N1 viruses that circulated at an earlier time. Persons whose first exposure to influenza viruses was to such similar viruses would be relatively immune. However, this principle is not sufficient to explain the graded susceptibility between ages 20 and 60, the reduced susceptibility in children below age 10, and the unusual toxicity observed. We collected case data from 11 countries, about 60% of all cases reported through mid-July 2009. We

Feng-Cai Zhu, M.D Click here ., Hua Wang, M.D., Han-Hua Fang, M.D., Jian Guo Yang, M.D., Xiao Jun Lin, M.D., Xiao-Feng Liang, M.D., Xue-Feng Zhang, M.D., Hong-Xing Pan, M.D., Fan-Yue Meng, M.D., Yue Mei Hu, M.D., Wen-Dong Liu, M.D., Chang-Gui Li, M.D., Wei Li, M.D., Xiang Zhang, M.D., Mei Hu Jin, M.D., Wei Bing Peng, M.D., Bao Ping Yang, M.D., Pei Xi, M.D., Hua-Qing Wang, M.D., and Jing-Shan Zheng, M.D.: A Novel Influenza A Vaccine in a variety of Age Groups Recently, a novel swine-origin influenza A virus was defined as the cause of large numbers of febrile respiratory ailments in Mexico and the United States.1,2 It quickly spread to numerous countries around the world, prompting the World Health Company to declare a pandemic on June 11, 2009.3 An important technique of controlling this pandemic will be large-level immunization.. This getting contrasts with the constant observation of JC virus in urine in mere one third of people in cross-sectional studies10-13 and the observation that the ...

Swine influenza A virus (SwIV) infection has considerable economic and animal welfare consequences and, because of the zoonotic potential, can also have public health implications. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 swine-origin infection is now endemic in both pigs and humans. In Europe, avian-like H1avN1, human-like H1huN2, human-like swine H3N2 and, since 2009, pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) lineage viruses and reassortants, constitute the dominant subtypes. In this study, we used a swine pH1N1 challenge virus to investigate the efficacy of whole inactivated virus vaccines homologous or heterologous to the challenge virus as well as a commercial vaccine. We found that vaccine-mediated protection was most effective when vaccine antigen and challenge virus were homologous and correlated with the specific production of neutralising antibodies and a cellular response to the challenge virus. We conclude that a conventional whole inactivated SwIV vaccine must be antigenically matched to the challenge strain to be an

Prior research developed Reassortment Networks to reconstruct the evolution of segmented viruses under both reassortment and mutation. We report their appl

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Patient is a male in his 40s from Bannock County. Patient is recovering at home. Patient had contact with a confirmed case.. - Patient is a female, under the age of 18, from Bannock County. Patient is recovering at home. Patient had contact to a confirmed case. - Patient is a female, under the age of 18, from Bannock County. Patient is recovering at home. Case is considered community transmission.. - Patient is a female, under the age of 18, from Bear Lake County. Patient is recovering at home. Patient had contact to a confirmed case.. - Patient is a male in his 80s from Bingham County. Patient is recovering at home. Case is considered community transmission.. - Patient is a female, under the age of 18, from Bingham County. Patient is recovering at home. Case is considered community transmission.. - Patient is a female in her 30s from Bingham County. Patient is recovering at home. Case is considered community transmission.. - Patient is a female in her 60s from Bingham County. Case is considered ...

Limitations of the study. The study has several limitations, however. For example, it isnt known what proportion of all hospitalised SARI patients were tested by each of the 41 sentinel laboratories. This proportion is expected to be lower during initial weeks of surveillance. However, with the expansion of the testing criteria to include all SARI patients, it is assumed that majority of SARI patients hospitalised in these facilities would have been tested for COVID-19, the authors say. Further, most of the sentinel hospitals which tested for COVID-1 are state-run and located in urban areas. This means that the study would not be able to pick up on community transmission in rural areas, if it is happening. Also, the fact that private labs and hospitals may not be sending their SARI samples to government-tun testing sites is a blind-spot. Finally, the authors say the study could have missed some COVID-19 positive SARI patients, because the test used, called the reverse-transcriptase real-time ...

Original text: http://www.davidcayley.com/blog/2020/4/8/questions-about-the-current-pandemic-from-the-point-of-view-of-ivan-illich-1. Last week I began an essay on the current pandemic in which I tried to address what I take to be the central question that it raises: Is the massive and costly effort to contain and limit the harm that the virus will do the only choice we have? Is it no more than an obvious and unavoidable exercise of prudence undertaken to protect the most vulnerable? Or is it a disastrous effort to maintain control of what is obviously out of control, an effort which will compound the damage being done by the disease with new troubles that will reverberate far into the future? I hadnt been writing for long before I began to realize that many of the assumptions I was making were quite remote from those being expressed all around me. These assumptions had mainly come, I reflected, from my prolonged conversation with the work of Ivan Illich. What this suggested was that, before I ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Although to date the H1N1 (or swine flu) vaccine has not been released, there is already talk about it becoming mandatory. Concern among parents and others, including people who have not vaccinated before, is that this time they should.. When deciding whether to vaccinate of not, consider that even though swine flu has spread rapidly across the world, most people who had it experienced unusually mild flu symptoms. In rare cases it affects the lungs causing pneumonia, which could become life-threatening. Though I believe that the risk of these severe complications can be all but eliminated with a few natural precautions, no one can prove definitively that this is so.. Also consider that the swine flu vaccine is not just the usual flu vaccine adapted to a new strain, it is a newly engineered vaccine. Given how quickly it is being developed, it is impossible to rule out the risk of potentially severe side effects that may only become apparent after the vaccine is released in the ...

The symptoms of swine flu are similar to normal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, aching limbs, chills and fatigue. Some patients infected with swine flu have also reported loss of appetite, diarrhoea and vomiting. In very young children, the warning signs include fast or troubled breathing, a bluish skin tone, a failure to interact with others, and being highly irritable. As with seasonal flu, swine flu varies in severity, with the worst cases leading to fatal pneumonia and respiratory failure. The new strain seems to be more lethal to those in the 25 to 45 age range. This was a hallmark of the Spanish 1918 flu pandemic that killed tens of millions worldwide. Younger people were probably hit harder than the elderly by the 1918 flu virus because their immune systems overreacted. ...

WHOs done it: Swine flu scam enters $600 billion phase! Responding to pharmaceuticals business emergency, WHO phinally declares swine flu phandemic Here are some of the issues to consider: 1. Swine flu is a phandemic; its a pandemic created by the World Health Organization (WHO), for pharmaceuticals. [See background, and scam details.] 2. The recent…

WASHINGTON - A substantial portion of elderly Americans may have some immunity to the swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus, a finding that may prove useful when and if a vaccine to the new flu strain becomes available. The questions of whom to target with a swine flu vaccine, and how to stretch the supply if it is limited, are among the most important issues facing public health officials over the next four months.

Source: AP. ATLANTA - Health officials are investigating a never-before-seen form of the flu that combines pig, bird and human viruses and which has infected seven people in California and Texas. All the victims recovered, but the cases are a growing medical mystery because its unclear how they caught the virus.. None of the seven people were in contact with pigs, which is how people usually catch swine flu. And only a few were in contact with each other, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.. Still, health officials said its not a cause for public alarm: The five in California and two in Texas have all recovered, and testing indicates some mainstream antiviral medications seem to work against the virus.. Dr. Anne Schuchat of the CDC said officials believe it can spread human-to-human, which is unusual for a swine flu virus.. The CDC is checking people who have been in contact with the seven confirmed cases, who all became ill between late March and ...

WILL THE CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC DECIMATE THE L.T.C.I. INDUSTRY? Courtesy: https://lnkd.in/eBf-4vY By Dr. David E. Marcinko MBA I admit that I held a state insurance license. LINK: https://lnkd.in/e9AmEhd A 22 minute computer test was the barrier to entry. There arent many with both medical and insurance licenses; and even fewer who actually practiced inside a…

The last time the government embarked on a major vaccine campaign against a new swine flu, thousands filed claims contending they suffered side effects. This time, the government has already taken steps to head that off.

The best thing you can do to protect your children from swine flu (H1N1 virus) is to get them the seasonal flu vaccine. Each year, researchers determi

momof2little1s and her family Last summer, CafeMom momof2little1s personally endured a swine flu horror story at 34 weeks pregnant. Although, she and ...

Via the Globe and Mail, a report by Caroline Alphonso: Swine flu less severe than feared? Excerpt:The pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in Canada is not as severe as expected nor is it spreading quickly, the countrys top public health official...

So, news today that a new pandemic of swine flu is threatening the health and lives of the citizens of the world. The dictionary assures me that the word pandemic is an adjective which means: Widespread; general. Medicine Epidemic over a wide geographic area and affecting a large proportion of the population: pandemic influenza. Now, I…

At the beginning of the summer it looked as if we could be on the brink of a major health epidemic that could bring the country to its knees. A huge machine went to work preparing for the impending cataclysm. Six months later the swine flu epidemic has been a bit of a damp squib, and the medical profession looks as if it has been crying wolf yet again.. Millions of pounds were spent on vaccines and antivirals and a great deal of anxiety has been generated. So was this incompetence? And, are we going to point the finger of blame at someone?. The retrospectoscope is a great and wonderful tool. Looking back to the summer there was a very real threat of a new strain of a virus, which had the potential to spread rapidly across the world. Attempts at containment were unlikely to succeed. In addition, there was evidence from South America showing that this new virus had the potential to be highly virulent, and worst case scenarios suggested that up to 65,000 people could have died.. Those responsible ...

Using the finger-prick tests suitable for large scale home testing has given us clearest insight yet into the spread of the virus in the country and who has been at greatest risk. Prof Graham ...

First Minister Arlene Foster said decisions at the Executive had been taken mindful of the fact that the R number pertaining to the transmission rate of the coronavirus has risen to an estimated 1.3.. Because of the concern around the level of community transmission and the desire prioritise the reopening of our schools, we have decided that it is prudent to pause the reopening of our public houses and we have set a new indicative date of September 1, she said.. I want to acknowledge that the hospitality sector have been working very hard with us, they have been in partnership with us right throughout this issue and this is not a reflection on the hospitality sector, rather its a reflection on the fact that the R rate has risen, there is a rise in community transmission and we always said there is a need to work together to try and push that down.. Turning to mandatory face coverings, Mrs Foster said retail workers will not have to wear masks, but those entering shops will.. Its about ...

The likelihood of a third wave of pandemic H1N1 influenza appears to be declining as all indicators of swine flu activity remain low throughout the bulk of the country, according to data released

Swine flu cases continue appearing as the virus evolves, prompting a World Health Organization meeting to address decisions surrounding creation and distribution of a vaccine.

The World Health Organization said Friday that swine flu infections are declining in the Southern Hemisphere as its seasonal flu period comes to an end.

Children should be among the first people to be vaccinated against swine flu if health officials hope to temper the severity of the epidemic, a study published Thursday has found.

Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius appealed anew Wednesday for widespread inoculation against a surging swine flu threat, calling the vaccine

All this week weve been talking to CafeMoms about whether or not their family will receive the H1N1 vaccine to prevent the swine flu. AmyTuteurM...

Well after posting yestreday about definately not having it im now really really unsure. I cant believe they would let us have it but then the WHO dont agree with it so who do we believe? I cant help thinking I have come this far without getting Swine Flu that im due on 20th December so its only another 7 weeks to hold off until. Its the ladies earlier on that I feel sorry for having to make a bigger decision ...

More than half of Britons being offered vaccination against pandemic H1N1 flu are turning it down because they fear side-effects or think the virus is too mild to bother, a survey of doctors showed on Wednesday ...

A 56-year-old woman and a 50-year-old man died of swine flu here Monday - the first deaths in Orissa due to the pandemic H1N1 virus this year, a senior health official said. The woman from citys Sailashree Vihar area

Balish, A., Garten, R., Klimov, A. and Villanueva, J. (2013), Analytical detection of influenza A(H3N2)v and other A variant viruses from the USA by rapid influenza diagnostic tests. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 7: 491-496. doi: 10.1111/irv.12017 ...

Background The recent emergence of a novel pandemic influenza A(H1N1) strain in humans exemplifies the rapid and unpredictable nature of influenza virus evolution and the need for effective therapeutics and vaccines to control such outbreaks. However, resistance to antivirals can be a formidable problem as evidenced by the currently widespread oseltamivir- and adamantane-resistant seasonal influenza A viruses (IFV). Additional antiviral approaches with novel mechanisms of action are needed to combat novel and resistant influenza strains. DAS181 (Fludase™) is a sialidase fusion protein in early clinical development with in vitro and in vivo preclinical activity against a variety of seasonal influenza strains and highly pathogenic avian influenza strains (A/H5N1). Here, we use in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models to evaluate the activity of DAS181 against several pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses. Methods and Findings The activity of DAS181 against several pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus ...

Please cite this paper as: Erkoreka A. (2010) The Spanish influenza pandemic in occidental Europe (1918-1920) and victim age. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(2), 81-89.. Background Studies of the Spanish Influenza pandemic (1918-1920) provide interesting information that may improve our preparation for present and future influenza pandemic threats.. Methods We studied archives from France, Italy, Spain and Portugal, obtaining high-quality data that allowed us to calculate mortality rates associated with the Spanish flu and to characterize the proportional distribution of influenza deaths by age in the capital cities of these countries.. Results French and American troops who fought in the First World War began to be affected from April 1918 onwards by a benign influenza epidemic, which hardly caused any deaths. The first occidental European country in which the pandemic spread to large sectors of the population, causing serious mortality, was Spain. The associated influenza provoked in ...

On May 18, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr).. Since April 15 and 17, 2009, when the first two cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection were identified from two southern California counties, novel influenza A (H1N1) cases have been documented throughout the world, with most cases occurring in the United States and Mexico (1--3). In the United States, early reports of illnesses associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) infection indicated the disease might be similar in severity to seasonal influenza, with the majority of patients not requiring hospitalization and only rare deaths reported, generally in persons with underlying medical conditions (2,3). As of May 17, 2009, 553 novel influenza A (H1N1) cases, including 333 confirmed and 220 probable cases, had been reported in 32 of 61 local health jurisdictions in California. Of the 553 patients, 30 have been hospitalized. No fatal cases associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) ...

It was found by the technique of molecular hybridization that the pandemic influenza virus strains of 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2) evolved by reassortment of RNA segments from the foregoing pandemic strains, replacing four genes including those coding for haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) (1957) or only that coding for the haemagglutinin (1968), respectively. The earlier pandemic strains from 1918-9 (as deduced from the swine influenza strain (Hsw1N1), which is assumed to be a survivor of the Spanish influenza), from 1933-4 (H0N1), and from 1947 (H1N1) were derived from each other through a number of point mutations only. The Russian strain from 1977 (H1N1) is genetically almost identical with the FW strain from 1950 (H1N1). In contrast to the conserved genes coding for the internal viral proteins, the genes coding for the viral surface glycoproteins consist of a relatively small highly conserved part which presumably is responsible for the functional integrity of the gene products, and ...

On April 30, this report was posted as an MMWR Dispatch on the MMWR website (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr).. In March and early April 2009, Mexico experienced outbreaks of respiratory illness and increased reports of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in several areas of the country. On April 12, the General Directorate of Epidemiology (DGE) reported an outbreak of ILI in a small community in the state of Veracruz to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in accordance with International Health Regulations. On April 17, a case of atypical pneumonia in Oaxaca State prompted enhanced surveillance throughout Mexico. On April 23, several cases of severe respiratory illness laboratory confirmed as swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection were communicated to the PAHO. Sequence analysis revealed that the patients were infected with the same S-OIV strain detected in two children residing in California (1). This report describes the initial and ongoing investigation of the S-OIV ...

An influenza pandemic is a global epidemic caused by a new influenza virus to which there is little or no pre-existing immunity in the human population. Influenza pandemics are impossible to predict; and they may be mild, or cause severe disease or death. Severe disease may occur in certain risk groups, which may correspond to those at risk of severe disease due to seasonal influenza. However, healthy persons are also likely to experience more serious disease than that caused by seasonal influenza.. The most recent pandemic occurred in 2009 and was caused by an influenza A (H1N1) virus. It is estimated to have caused between 100 000 and 400 000 deaths globally in the first year alone. ...

World Health body raises alert to level 6, we are entering full pandemicSwine Flu Fallout: 1000+ Deaths Suspected, 150,000+ SickenedMarine Tests Positive for Swine FluA Flu By Any Other Name Is Still DeadlySwine Flu Vaccine Could Take 6 MonthsSwine flu epidemic enters dangerous new phaseScientists say Swine Flus Movement is Impossible to Predict US Declares Public Health Emergency Over Swine Flu Outbreak. Swine Flu: Asian countries take measures against outbreak. Texas closing school indefinitely 3rd student w/swine flu. Deadly swine flu outbreak cant be contained. WHO fears swine flu pandemic imminent. More than 100 U.S. schools closed because of swine flu. India: India finally wakes up to swine flu. Suspected Swine Flu Has College Campus on Alert. Swine Flu Disease: A Prophetic Sign?. Swine Flu Is Evolution in Action. TOO MANY TO LIST!!!! ...

Phylogenetic analyses performed in this study and by others (7, 19, 24) have shown that each segment of the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus clusters with an established swine influenza lineage, suggesting that the progenitors of this virus likely originated in pigs. In previously documented instances of swine influenza virus infections of people, only limited human transmission was evident (22, 23, 30). The pandemic H1N1 2009 virus has demonstrated the ability for sustained human-to-human transmission, and the results of this and an associated study (10) confirm that the virus is also capable of human-to-swine, swine-to-swine, and swine-to-human transmission.. Based on a presumed single point source of infection for this swine herd (10), it is worth noting that none of the isolates, based on the sequences obtained for the H1, N1, NP, or M gene, were identical. This is in contrast to the apparent genetic stability of pandemic H1N1 2009 viruses that have been isolated from humans, as well as ...

BackgroundIn April 2009, an outbreak of novel swine-origin influenza A (2009 H1N1 influenza) occurred at a high school in Queens, New York. We describe the outbreak and characterize the clinical and epidemiologic aspects of this novel virus.MethodsThe New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene characterized the outbreak through laboratory confirmation of the presence of the 2009 H1N1 virus in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens and through information obtained from an online survey.

Swine flu is an infection of a host animal by any one of several specific types of microscopic organisms called swine influenza virus.Basically Swine flu is a respiratory disease that infects pigs . This new killer swine flu virus is a never-before-seen virus in human beings that can cause a serious situation with pandemic potential. The symptoms of Swine Flu are similar to that of a regular seasonal flu that includes fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.. The preventive measures are as follows:. 1. Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when you sneeze or cough and dispose them properly. Practice good personal hygiene and make sure you use surgical masks and gloves and other sanitary products when you are stepping out of your home.. 2. Those who travel abroad have to be alert about the epidemic situation. Especially those who travel to California, Kansas, New York, Ohio and Texas have to be very cautions avoiding crowded groups because confirmed human cases of ...

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) for detection of influenza antigens from nasal or throat swabs are widely available, highly specific and produce fast results but have low sensitivity leading to high false negative results. Not all commercial RIDT can differentiate between influenza A and influenza B, and none of the available RIDT can provide information on influenza A subtypes. ...

Some important videos that one must watch to understand to remove the misconceptions about swine flu. The videos titled How I survived swine flu is the interview of two swine flu survivors. Is is basically a first hand account of two H1N1 survivors. Also Dr. Srinivasan Ramanathan Lilavati Hospital gives tips on choosing the right mask for H1N1 and precautions that we need to take to avoid swine flu. It is important to note that the fatality rate in swine flu is less than 1%. Because these symptoms are not specific to swine flu, a differential diagnosis of probable swine flu requires not only symptoms, but also a high likelihood of swine flu due to the persons recent and past medical history. For example, during the 2009 swine flu outbreak in the United States, the CDC advised physicians to consider swine influenza infection in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute febrile respiratory illness who have either been in contact with persons with confirmed swine flu, or who were in one ...

The clinical diagnosis of influenza is often challenging, especially in young children. Thus, pediatricians often use in-office rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) to confirm clinical suspicions of influenza.

The global swine flu pandemic is now over, the WHO has said, though some groups remain at risk of severe illness from the virus.. Following a meeting of its emergency committee, the WHO announced that the world was now in a post-pandemic period.. The world is no longer in phase 6 of influenza pandemic alert, WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan said. We are now moving into the post-pandemic period. The new H1N1 virus has largely run its course.. The WHO said that a number of groups remain at increased risk of severe illness from the pandemic H1N1 virus. These include young children, pregnant women, and people with underlying respiratory or other chronic conditions, including asthma and diabetes.. Patients who have severe or deteriorating influenza should be treated as soon as possible with oseltamivir, the WHO said.. Read more at Healthcare Republic.. ...

Transmission of swine influenza virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always cause human influenza, often only resulting in the production of antibodies in the blood. The meat of the animal poses no risk of transmitting the virus when properly cooked. If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People who work with pigs, especially people with intense exposures, are at increased risk of catching swine flu. In the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, which allows accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, fifty confirmed transmissions have been recorded. Rarely, these strains of swine flu can pass from human to human. In humans, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort. Pigs can also become infected with human influenza, and this ...

A DOCTOR IN SWEDEN HAS FOUND THE TOXIC METALS ARSENIC AND TIN IN PANDEMRIX SWINE FLU VACCINE. *DEADLY POISONS PRESENT IN SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS. *NATIONAL AUTHORITIES FAILED TO REACT TO HIS RESEARCH. *DOCTOR FEARS THE CONTAMINATION OF DRUGS WITH POISONOUS METALS COULD BE WIDESPREAD. A doctor inSwedenhas found traces of the toxic metals arsenic and tin in GlaxoSmithKline s swine flu Pandemrix vaccine.. The consultant anaesthetist at aUniversityHospitalsaid he was surprised to find quite robust amounts of colloidal or nano-sized heavy metals when he conducted an ICP analysis of GSK s swine flu vaccine.. He found the following concentration in Pandemrix: arsenic [As] = 2.421 ppm and tin [Sn] = 1.511 ppm.. There was no indication on the product details supplied by GSK that the Pandemrix vaccine with the ASO3 adjuvant contained these toxic compounds.. Colloidal or nano-sized arsenic is a strong and active haemolytic agent. In addition, both arsenic and tin are known to be carcinogenic, to disturb DNA ...

Influenza, also known as the flu, is a disease that attacks the respiratory tract (nose, throat, and lungs) in humans. Different from a viral cold, influenza usually comes on suddenly and may include fever, headache, tiredness (which may be extreme), dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and body aches. Seasonal influenza is a yearly occurrence that causes minor economic impact and kills primarily persons aged 65 and older. It also provides immunity to those who are exposed, but do not succumb, to the virus.. World-wide pandemics of influenza occur when a novel (new or different) virus emerges to which the population has little immunity. During the 20th century there were three such pandemics, the most notable of which was the 1918 Spanish influenza responsible for 20 million deaths throughout the world. When influenza strains of avian or swine influenza interact with the common strains of human influenza, a mutation can occur that leads to a virus capable of human-to-human transmission, ...

Every year influenza virus causes seasonal epidemics that affect 5-10% of the world population and kill up to 500,000 people. In nature, the virus primarily infects aquatic birds which can further infect domestic chickens and pigs. Sporadically, the virus jumps the species barrier from these domestic animals to humans causing a world-wide pandemic that can infect 30-50% of the population in a single winter season. This is what may happen with the pandemic swine-origin H1N1 virus because few people have protective antibodies against it.. As with all genes, those of influenza virus need to be transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) that is subsequently translated into proteins by ribosomes. However, viruses have no metabolism of their own and must use the ribosomes of the cells they have infected. Therefore, the viral mRNA molecules must resemble cellular mRNAs otherwise the ribosomes will not recognise them. One of the characteristics of all cellular mRNAs is that they start with a molecular tag, a ...

Transmission of swine influenza virus from pigs to humans is not common. When transmitted, it does not always cause human influenza and often, the only sign of infection is the presence of antibodies which are only detectable by laboratory tests. When transmission results in influenza in a human, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People who work with pigs, especially people with intense exposures, are at risk of catching swine flu. However, only about fifty such transmissions have been recorded since the mid-20th Century, when identification of influenza subtypes became possible. Eating pork does not pose a risk of infection. Rarely, these strains of swine flu can pass from human to human. In humans, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort ...

To investigate the frequency of oseltamivir resistance in circulating strains of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic virus in Scotland, 1,802 samples from 1,608 infected hospitalised patients were screened by the H275Y discriminatory RT-PCR. Among these, we identified 10 patients who developed the H275Y mutation. All of them were immunocompromised and were under treatment or had been treated previously with oseltamivir.

Diagnosis of influenza is done mainly by Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), culture, serology, and immunofluorescence assays.

This article originally appeared on QSR on July 21, 2021.. April Mason authored an article for Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) online, published July 21, 2021, discussing franchising opportunities and challenges in the food service industry as we look forward to a post-pandemic world.. While many restaurants were hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic and unable to survive the shutdowns, others were well equipped for off-premises sales or able to quickly pivot to new offerings, which has given them sustained potential for growth through franchising. This includes those who have adapted to accommodate rising preference for curbside pick-up and delivery, as well as brands that have developed effective apps and technology to drive more sales. Another advantage for those franchises that effectively navigated the pandemic is an abundance of desirable real estate due to a spike in closures.. However, the post-pandemic era is not without challenges for restaurants looking to grow via franchising. First, the ...

Carlsbad-based Life Technologies Corp. has created a USDA-approved, real-time test to detect strains of swine flu. The Swine Influenza Virus testing kit will be sold to veterinary diagnostic labs around the world, the company said, in a statement July 12. Swine flu is a common debilitating condition mostly affecting pigs, causing fever, lethargy, breathing problems and significant weight loss - and resulting in economic loss to swine producers. In rare instances, the virus is transmitted from pigs to humans, with human symptoms similar to the regular seasonal influenza virus, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, Lifes test, called the VetMAXTM-Gold SIV Detection Kit, is for animal use only. The detection kit can test for various strains of swine flu, including H1N1. Studies have shown that the swine flu H1N1 is common throughout pig populations worldwide, with 25 percent of animals showing antibody evidence of infection, according to the CDC. In the U.S., ...

ECDC has published Seasonal influenza transmission in Europe. Click through to download the full report as a PDF. Excerpt from the summary: Today ECDC publishes its risk assessment on the 2012/13 seasonal influenza epidemics in Europe. Epidemics started earlier than...

Influenza A viruses can be further broken down into different strains. Current sub-types of influenza A viruses found in people are influenza A (H1N1) and influenza A (H3N2) viruses. In the spring of 2009, a new influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged to cause illness in people. This virus was very different from the human influenza A (H1N1) viruses circulating at that time. The new virus caused the first influenza pandemic in more than 40 years. That virus (often called 2009 H1N1) has now replaced the H1N1 virus that was previously circulating in humans ...

Here, we have evaluated the cross-neutralization of pandemic and seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses. Despite more than 90 years of separation between these viruses that both caused human pandemics, the 1918 SC and 2009 CA viruses raised immune responses in mice that demonstrated cross-neutralization, whereas they were both resistant to antisera directed to a relatively recent seasonal influenza virus of the same subtype. To understand the molecular basis for cross-neutralization, we examined the specificity of antibody recognition by protein competition studies, as well as by site-directed mutagenesis and protein structural modeling. The RBD-A region was defined as the target of neutralization, and we demonstrated that glycosylation sites in this region are important in allowing evasion of antibody neutralization in seasonal strains. Specifically, introduction of glycosylation sites into these strains eliminated their ability to bind neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that glycan shielding from ...

Whats your opinion on this article? (FinalCall.com) - Top officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently reported that the United States has exceeded 1,000 deaths from the declared swine influenza pandemic and has witnessed many millions of cases since the virus first emerged six months ago. We have seen, since the beginning of the pandemic in April and May, more than 1,000 deaths from pandemic influenza and more than 20,000 hospitalizations in this country,said Thomas Frieden, director of the CDC, in a news briefing.. We have had, up until now, many millions of cases of pandemic influenza in the U.S., and the numbers continue to increase, said Mr. Frieden.. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 4,735 people have died globally from swine flu infections since the H1N1 virus was first reported in Mexico. The seasonal flu causes an estimated 36,000 deaths yearly according to the CDC.. Plans of mass vaccinations by the government are now ...

Swine flu, like the seasonal influenza virus, is a respiratory infection which can be passed from person to person as a result of the transmission of bodily fluids. Prevention of the swine flu virus is possible and there are simple steps residents can take to reduce their risk, said Cindy Powers, director of infection control at Christus Hospital - St. Elizabeth and St. Mary. t Staying in good general health by getting plenty of sleep, engaging in physical activity, managing your stress, drinking plenty of fluids and eating nutritious meals In most cases, symptoms of swine flu are identical to the influenza virus symptoms - fever, headache, fatigue, dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion and body aches, said Powers. If you, or someone you know, live in an area where swine flu cases have been reported and become ill with the symptoms listed above, contact your health care provider who will determine whether influenza testing or treatment is needed.

Sustaining Indie Brands Post-pandemic will discuss a 360-degree review of strategies to emerge competitive in the post-pandemic recovery.

Background: Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 was the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Though the overall global case fatality rate of the 2009 pandemic H1N...

What is 2009 H1N1 (swine flu)? 2009 H1N1 (sometimes called swine flu) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the United States in April 2009. This virus is spreading from person-to-person worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that a pandemic of 2009 H1N1 flu was underway. Why is the 2009 H1N1 virus sometimes called swine flu? This virus was originally referred to as swine flu because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in the virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine) in North America. But further study has shown that the 2009 H1N1 is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. Scientists call this a quadruple ...

What is 2009 H1N1 (swine flu)? 2009 H1N1 (sometimes called swine flu) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the United States in April 2009. This virus is spreading from person-to-person worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that a pandemic of 2009 H1N1 flu was underway. Why is the 2009 H1N1 virus sometimes called swine flu? This virus was originally referred to as swine flu because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in the virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine) in North America. But further study has shown that the 2009 H1N1 is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. Scientists call this a quadruple ...

No matter what you open, turn on, or tune into, chances are youll catch a headline about swine flu. The outbreak can be tracked at HealthMap or with their newly launched Twitter stream, which, according to Discovery News, was created in response to swine flu to enable more frequent updates than the hourly ones on the official HealthMap website.. A respiratory illness once limited to pigs, with occasional transmission to humans, the strain of swine flu that has appeared today and in cases throughout Mexico and the United States is unusual because it is capable of being spread from human to human. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this current swine flu has been sequenced and identified as part of the H1N1 family of influenza viruses. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the pandemic alert level for swine flu at phase 4, which indicates sustained human-to-human transmission. Stages 5 and 6 represent pandemic levels of widespread transmission.. Scientists are ...

The World Health Organization said Tuesday a spike in swine flu cases in Australia may push it to finally announce the first flu pandemic in 41 years. It also expressed concern about an unusual rise in severe illness from the disease in Canada. WHOs flu chief Keiji Fukuda said the agency wanted to avoid adverse effects if it announces a global outbreak of swine flu. Fukuda said people might panic or that governments might take inappropriate actions if WHO declares a pandemic. Some flu experts think the world already is in a pandemic and that WHO has caved in to country requests that a declaration be postponed. On the surface of it, I think we are in phase 6, or a pandemic, said Margaret Chan, WHOs director-general. ...

Interviews, Latest News, Local and National Resources Featured in Companion Website to PBS Flu Special that Airs Nationwide on December 14 -. WASHINGTON, D.C. - PBS NewsHour, the premiere news and public affairs website at pbs.org, will launch today, Tuesday, December 8, the companion website to Anatomy of a Pandemic, a television special and on-going digital media initiative about a pandemics impact on modern society, in response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic.. The Anatomy of a Pandemic website (www.pbs.org/newshour/pandemic) will feature a forum after the programs premiere to ask questions of influenza experts from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. The site will also provide the latest public media news on H1N1, as well as national and local resources Categories: Care and Treatment,International News,US News,Vaccine Updates,Video and Media. Tagged: Care and Treatment, flu, h1n1, influenza, International News, ...

Infection with the novel H1N1 influenza virus, initially popularly termed swine flu, was first reported in April 2009 and prompted the World Health Organization to raise its pandemic alert to the highest level. The World Health Organization also stated that during pregnancy both mother and baby were at increased risk when infected with either pandemic or seasonal influenza and that pregnant women should be vaccinated. 1 Because of concerns about the severity of the disease during pregnancy, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented enhanced surveillance for infection with this novel virus in pregnant women and placed them in a group that merits priority vaccine administration. It was also suggested that the benefit of treatment with the antiviral medication oseltamivir outweighs any theoretical risk 2 and that confirmed H1N1 cases, with associated symptoms, particularly fever, merit immediate attention. In addition, precautions must be taken when confirmed or suspected ...

Boost your immune system with the best immune support supplement available to you.. London July 24 2009. Britain released today that England has 100,000 MORE cases of swine flu this week than they had last week. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) announced that swine flu now has developed another symptom, neurological disorders, especially in children (4 cases in Dallas TX this week). There seems to be a surge of swine flu infections that support a growing concern for a catastrophic world pandemic. The technical definition for pandemic has been reached. There is now the waiting game to determine how man will tame this invisible scourge.. Swine flu Conspiracy?. Swine flu vaccine manufacturers will make an estimated one and a half billion dollars from the vaccines and medications that have been ordered by nations all over the world (BUT NOT TAKEN YET). If there is not a STORY to keep patients requesting the swine flu shots and meds, these manufacturers stand to lose ...

Swine Flu is caused by influenza type A virus, there are regular outbreaks among herds of pigs, where the disease causes high levels of illness but is rarely fatal. It tends to spread in autumn and winter but can circulate all year round. There are many different types of swine flu and like human flu, the infection is constantly changing. Swine flu does not normally infect humans, although sporadic cases do occur usually in people who have had close contact with pigs. There have also been rare documented cases of humans passing the infection to other humans. Human to human transmission of swine flu thought to spread in the same way as seasonal flu - through coughing and sneezing. In the latest outbreak, in Mexico, it is clear that the disease is being passed from person to person. The outbreak in Mexico seems to involve a new type of swine flu that contains DNA that is typically found in avian and human viruses. The World Health Organisation has confirmed at least some of the cases are caused by ...

Swine flu - an alternative approach by Professor Gerber, Alumnus Medical Faculty. University of Berlin Germany.. Everybody has experienced common cold or even flu several times, nevertheless more and more people are getting very nervous about it in view of the current swine influenza pandemic although the virus has proven to be relatively mild with mostly moderate symptoms.. Every year, seasonal flu causes an estimated fifty thousand deaths in the European Union alone; most people die from bacterial infections and secondary illnesses. The highly variable type A is the most virulent one among the influenza viruses. Based on the antibody response these pathogens can be subdivided into different stereotypes, e.g. H5N1 that causes avian flu, or H1N1 that caused Spanish flu in 1918, and the swine flu 2009. Owing to frequent variations in their genetic pattern, every year different strains prevail and, therefore, novel vaccines have to be manufactured.. Flu vaccination may help to avoid influenza. ...

Novel H1N1 (referred to as swine flu early on) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the U.S. in April 2009. This virus is contagious and spreading from person-to-person worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread (through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza). On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) signaled that a pandemic of novel H1N1 flu was underway ...

WEDNESDAY, April 15, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Trying to identify animals that are most likely to transmit viruses to humans may not help prevent future pandemics, researchers say.. Instead, the focus should be on specific types of viruses and how they spread, they suggest.. The current coronavirus pandemic is believed to have originated in bats, and most emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, meaning that theyre spread from animals to humans, according to researchers from the University of Glasgow in Scotland.. This pandemic shows the serious health and economic threat that zoonotic viruses pose, so its crucial to learn more about them.. This study found little variation in the proportion of zoonotic viruses in 11 major orders of birds and mammals, and that animal orders with more species hosted more viruses overall and more zoonotic viruses.. The findings challenge the belief that certain animal reservoirs, such as bats, pose a heightened risk of spreading viruses to humans, according to ...

List of swine flu cases around the world. Swine flu outbreaks and swine flu countries are found here to show the impact of swine flu worldwide. List includes ...

Are you structured for slow in a fast world? The global pandemic has changed the axis of our universe. What was disruptive before is now massively transformative. Do you have a strategy to keep up?. History tells us that every global crisis shifts the axis of the future of our universe, and every crisis offers an opportunity to improve. In the harsh reality of our post-pandemic world, leadership strategies that worked yesterday are exposed as being irrelevant tomorrow even while they are being actively considered today.. Pre-pandemic, CEOs and organizations were dealing with a world of business model disruption, the acceleration of technology, the faster evolution of key skills, and other critical issues. Now, in the harsh light of our new world, one thing is clear - the future is even more complex than it was before. And a simple fact has emerged - there is a massive and growing gap between the speed of change and the ability of organizations to keep up. Bridging this gap is critical to future ...

The Chenango County Health Department has been notified by the New York State Department of Health that there are laboratory confirmed cases of swine origin influenza A (H1N1)...