TY - JOUR. T1 - Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus. AU - Khatri, M.. AU - Sharma, J. M.. PY - 2007/7/1. Y1 - 2007/7/1. N2 - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. This viruscauses an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The virus infects and destroys actively dividing IgM-bearing B cells. Although B cells are the principal targets for IBDV, recent data show that the virus also infects macrophages. IBDV-infected macrophages produce various cytokines and chemokines which may play an important role in the protection and/or pathogenesis of IBDV. In this review, the modulatory effects of IBDV on macrophages will be discussed.. AB - Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious ...

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens between 3 and 6 weeks of age. It is caused by infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) which occursworldwide affecting livelihoods of resource - compromised poor communities. In Zambia, there is scantily documented information on the epidemiology of IBD. In-depth knowledge on the epidemiology of IBD is needed for effective control measures. This study aimed at molecular detection of circulating IBDV strains, andknowledge assessment of farmers about the disease in Ndola, Kitwe, Kalulushi, Luanshya and Mufulira districts of the Copperbelt province. A cross-sectional purposive study was carried out in the Copperbelt province from February to March, 2015 to determine the occurrence of IBD. The identification of IBDV was done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the hypervariable domain (VP2-HVR). A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 77 respondents who presented poultry ...

詹明才。1992。農桿菌轉殖水稻系統的建立。國立台灣大學農藝學研究所博士論文。 Alvarez, M.L., Pinyerd, H.L., Topal, E. and Cardineau, G.A. 2008. P19-dependent and P19-independent reversion of F1-V gene silencing in tomato.Plant Molecular Biology 68:61-79. Angel, C.A., Hsieh, Y.C., Schoelz, J.E. 2011. Comparative analysis of the capacity of tombusvirus P22 and P19 proteins to function as avirulence determinants in Nicotiana species. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 24:91-99. Arnold, M., Durairaj, V., Mundt, E., Schulze, K., Breunig, K.D., Behrens, S.E.2012. Protective vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus with whole recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis yeast expressing the viral VP2 subunit. PLoS ONE 7:e42870. Azad, A. A. Mckern, N. M., Macreadie, I. G., Failla, P., Heine, H. G., Chapman, A., Ward, C. W., Fahey, K. J. 1991. Physicochemical and immunological characterization of recombinant host-protective antigen (VP2) of infectious bursal disease ...

Recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. This phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) between wild birds and domestic poultry. To this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four species of free-living Egyptian wild birds (i.e. mallard duck, bean goose, white-fronted goose and black-billed magpie). Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of three positive isolates revealed that the IBDV/USC-1/2019 strain clustered with previously reported very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) Egyptian isolates. Interestingly, two other wild bird-origin isolates (i.e. IBDV/USC-2/2019 and IBDV/USC-3/2019) grouped with a vaccine strain that is being used in commercial poultry. In conclusion, our results revealed the ...

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus that infects the B-cells in the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens, causing Gumboro disease. The IBDV 114 kDa polyprotein (NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) is thought to be processed at 512Ala-Ala513 and 755Ala-Ala756 through the proteolytic activity of VP4, a serine protease which uses a Ser/Lys catalytic dyad, to release pVP2, VP4 and VP3. Precursor VP2 (pVP2) is further processed at its C-terminus to generate VP2 and structural peptides through the cleavage of the 441Ala-Phe442, 487Ala-Ala488, 494Ala-Ala495 and 501Ala-Ala502 peptide bonds to release VP2 and four structural peptides, pep46, pep7a, pep7b and pep11. While the processing at the 441Ala-Phe442 site was shown to be mediated by the endopeptidase activity of VP2, the processing at the other two sites is not well understood. The products resulting from the processing of the IBDV polyprotein were previously identified by anti-VP2 and anti-VP3 antibodies. The present study used anti-VP4 ...

The nucleotide sequence of genome segment A cDNA of the STC strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was determined and compared with sequences of the homologous genome segment of the 002-73 strain of IBDV and the Jasper strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). The STC-IBDV genome segment A was determined to be 3262 base pairs (bp), which is close to the estimated total length of 3300 bp for genome segment A in IBDV, although there is no proof that it is the real length of this genome segment. The STC-IBDV genome segment A contains two major overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The large ORF of 3036 bp predicts a polyprotein of M r 109358, whereas the small ORF is 435 bp and predicts a protein of M r 16550 in STC-IBDV. STC-IBDV and 002-73-IBDV polyproteins are closely related (97.4% amino acid homology). Most of the amino acid mismatches are in VP2 sequences, mainly within the area of the conformation-dependent epitope. Comparison with the Jasper-IPNV polyprotein reveals levels

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a chicken pathogen that infects the bursa of Fabricius, an organ involved in the development of the immune system in chickens. Infection by the virus leads to destruction of the bursa and immunosuppression. Infection by virulent strains may result in mortality. Current methods to combat the virus involve the use of vaccines. These are usually a mixture of live attenuated and oil inactivated virus. Variant strains of the virus are able to escape the vaccine-generated antibodies. In addition, the vaccines result in damage to the bursa. Identification of a receptor for IBDV could result in the development of either treatment for the virus or superior vaccines by interfering with the attachment of the virus to host cells. Several methods for identifying IBDV binding proteins from the membranes of cells from the bursa of Fabricius were examined. Affinity chromatography of IBDV binding proteins with a matrix consisting of IBDV cross-linked to Sepharose 4B ...

Testing by the egg and poultry industries, Biosecurity New Zealand and a specialist overseas laboratory confirmed the presence of the chicken virus infectious bursal disease virus type 1 (IBDV-1) in layer hens at a South Island egg farm in September 2019.. The likely presence of the disease was first picked up by Mainland Poultry at its Waikouaiti farm in Otago through its regular, voluntary testing routine. No birds at the farm have shown any signs of sickness due to IBDV-1 infection. Results of testing from Mainland Poultrys Hillgrove site returned positive at this location. No other properties appear to be affected.. IBDV-1 was previously discovered in New Zealand in 1993. An industry-led programme has allowed New Zealand to claim absence from the disease. The virus is present in many other countries and they successfully manage it. ...

Read Infectivity and propagation of attenuated infectious bursal disease virus in the chicken B-lymphocyte cell line DT40, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Read Efficient rescue of infectious bursal disease virus using a simplified RNA polymerase II-based reverse genetics strategy, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

The study aimed to identify putative virulence determinants for the exotic poultry pathogen infectious bursal disease virus. Results suggest that three specific amino acids in viral protein 2 influence viral pathogenicity, and as a consequence these were exploited for the development of two new molecular diagnostic assays that are currently undergoing evaluation ...

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) alters host genomic methylation patterns. Here the implications for viral release and immunosuppression

Infectious bursal disease, IBD (also known as Gumboro disease, infectious bursitis and infectious avian nephrosis) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), characterized by immunosuppression and mortality generally at 3 to 6 weeks of age. The disease was first discovered in Gumboro, Delaware in 1962. It is economically important to the poultry industry worldwide due to increased susceptibility to other diseases and negative interference with effective vaccination. In recent years, very virulent strains of IBDV (vvIBDV), causing severe mortality in chicken, have emerged in Europe, Latin America, South-East Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Infection is via the oro-fecal route, with affected bird excreting high levels of the virus for approximately 2 weeks after infection. IBDV is a double stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome and belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of family Birnaviridae. There are two distinct serotypes of the ...

Yousif AA, Mohammad WA, Khodeir MH, Zeid AZ, el-Sanousi AA, Saber MS, Reda IM. 2006, Egypt J Immunol. 13(2):85-94.Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most

Two serotypes have been identified in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the family Birnaviridae. A reverse genetics system was used for generation of chimeras in genome segment A of the two serotypes, in which the complete viral VP5 gene and 3′ noncoding region (NCR), or parts thereof, were exchanged. The engineered viruses were characterized in vitro and in vivo in comparison to serotype I and II IBDV. Our results show that IBDV chimeras exhibit a different phenotype in cell culture compared to the wild-type viruses. In in vitro-cultivated bursal-derived cells, chimeric viruses infected B lymphocytes, as does serotype I IBDV. Surprisingly, serotype II virus was also able to infect in vitro-cultivated bursal cells, but these were neither B lymphocytes nor macrophages. After infection of susceptible chickens all chimeras replicated in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), and three chimeric viruses caused mild depletion of bursal cells. In contrast, after infection of chickens with a chimeric

Two different real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection approaches based on SYBR Green I dye and Taqman probe based assays were developed for the detection and differentiation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) subtypes. Both approaches were able to detect and differentiate IBDV subtypes based on the use of subtype-specific primers or subtype-specific probes where the primers were designed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) concept. After optimization of the primer combinations and PCR parameters, very virulent-specific primer, IF & IVIR, and classical-specific primer, IF & RCLA were used in the SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR assay. Plasmid DNA carrying the VP4 gene of the references IBDV strains: very virulent strain UPM94/273 and classical strain D78 were established and used as positive controls in the real time RT-PCR. The developed assay had a dynamic detection limit which spans over 5 log10 concentration range for very virulent and spans over 7 log10 ...

The present invention relates to a non pathogenic vaccine comprising a recombinant Infectious Bursal Disease virus that includes a recombinant Segment A, designated as rD78GLSNSΔ, that includes sequences from D78 and GLS strains and wherein the NS protein is not expressed.

Materials and methods. The bursae obtained from clinically normal indigenous scavenging chickens and IBD-confirmed dead broiler chickens from different farms were smeared directly onto separate filter papers, fixed with 99% ethanol and transported to Japan for molecular characterisation, as described previously (Kasanga et al. 2008; Maw et al. 2006).Total RNA was isolated from the bursal tissues fixed on filter papers and first-strand complementary DNAs were synthesised as described in a previous report (Kasanga et al. 2008). The VP2-HVRs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the V1forward primer (5-CCAGAGTCTACACCATAA-3) and V2 reverse primer (3-TAGAAAGAGTGGCAACAGG-5) (Yamaguchi et al. 2007). The PCR products were cloned into the plasmid pGEM-T-Easy vector (Promega, Madison WI, USA) and cloned DNAs were sequenced at the Dragon Genomics Center (TAKARA Bio, Mie, Japan) using a Templiphi DNA sequencing Template Amplification Kit, DYEnamic ET dye terminator kit, and ...

Materials and methods. The bursae obtained from clinically normal indigenous scavenging chickens and IBD-confirmed dead broiler chickens from different farms were smeared directly onto separate filter papers, fixed with 99% ethanol and transported to Japan for molecular characterisation, as described previously (Kasanga et al. 2008; Maw et al. 2006).Total RNA was isolated from the bursal tissues fixed on filter papers and first-strand complementary DNAs were synthesised as described in a previous report (Kasanga et al. 2008). The VP2-HVRs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the V1forward primer (5-CCAGAGTCTACACCATAA-3) and V2 reverse primer (3-TAGAAAGAGTGGCAACAGG-5) (Yamaguchi et al. 2007). The PCR products were cloned into the plasmid pGEM-T-Easy vector (Promega, Madison WI, USA) and cloned DNAs were sequenced at the Dragon Genomics Center (TAKARA Bio, Mie, Japan) using a Templiphi DNA sequencing Template Amplification Kit, DYEnamic ET dye terminator kit, and ...

Methods. Construction of the scFv Bacterial Displaying Library against Vp2. Immunization of Chicken: Three specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were immunized by intra-ocular administration of IBDV vaccine strain B-87 in the dose of 107pfu, the chickens were boosted one week later by intra-muscular injection with 0.5ml of formalin-inactivated preparation of B-87 emulsified with an equal volume of Freunds incomplete adjuvant. Four weeks after the secondary vaccination, the titer of immune serum was determined by ELISA, chickens were euthanized and spleens were collected for extraction of RNA by Trizol.. cdna Synthesis from Spleen Total Rna of The Immunized Chicken. Splenocytes were isolated from the immunized chicken for RNA extraction, and total RNA was extractd using Trizol. cDNA was synthesized from total RNA sample using Superscript II (Invitrogen) and random hexamer oligonucleotide pimers (2 μg). Construction of scFv library. Primers for scFv designed based on the variable region gene ...

La bursite infectieuse aviaire (IBD) est une des causes majeures de pertes économiques pour lindustrie aviaire. La vaccination est le principal outil de contrôle de cette maladie et les oiseaux susceptibles doivent être vaccinés aussitôt que le niveau des anticorps maternels (MA) anti-IBDV est suffisamment bas. Lestimation du moment de vaccination est habituellement déterminée par la formule de Deventer qui utilise le titre initial de MA anti-IBDV et la demi-vie des anticorps pour prédire lévolution du titre. Dans la présente étude, leffet du gain de poids sur la vitesse de disparition des MA a été étudié dans le but de lutiliser pour prédire la détermination du moment de la vaccination. Lanalyse des taux danticorps neutralisants par ELISA a montré que les poussins avec une forte croissance avaient un taux de disparition plus rapide des MA que ceux à faible croissance. Une formule pour la prédiction du moment de vaccination contre le IBDV, basée sur le gain de poids ...

Learn about the veterinary topic of Infectious Bursal Disease in Poultry. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.

REAL, right upper lobe, apical segment (B1), posterior segment (B2), anterior segment (B3), right middle lobe (or more correctly - just middle lobe), lateral segment (B4), medial segment (B5), right lower lobe superior segment (B6), medial segment (B7), anterior segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment , left upper lobe, apicoposterior segment (B1/2), anterior segment (B3), superior lingular segment (B4), inferior lingular segment (B5), left lower lobe, superior segment (B6), anteromedial segment (B8), lateral segment (B9), posterior segment (B10), 3d, model, .stl, printable ...

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP) technique was used for the identification and characterization of Pakistani field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). A total of 8 bursa samples were collected from two outbreaks during September and October 2003 from Tehsil Sumandri, Dist. Faisalabad with 40-50% mortality in commercially reared broiler chicken flocks experiencing signs typical of infectious bursal disease (IBD). Four samples were found to contain IBDV genome by One Step RT-PCR using VP2 gene specific primers. The assay amplified a 743 bp fragment from 701-1444 nucleotides. RT-PCR product was further subjected to restriction digestion using MboI and MvaI restriction enzymes. A third enzyme SspI was used to identify the very virulent phenotype. The RFLP profile was found similar for all four isolates with MvaI enzyme but different for one isolate when digested with MboI. All three MvaI-positive viruses were ...

Viral capsids are metastable structures that perform many essential processes; they also act as robust cages during the extracellular phase. Viruses can use multifunctional proteins to optimize resources (e.g., VP3 in avian infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV). The IBDV genome is organized as ribonucleoproteins (RNP) of dsRNA with VP3, which also acts as a scaffold during capsid assembly. We characterized mechanical properties of IBDV populations with different RNP content (ranging from none to four RNP). The IBDV population with the greatest RNP number (and best fitness) showed greatest capsid rigidity. When bound to dsRNA, VP3 reinforces virus stiffness. These contacts involve interactions with capsid structural subunits that differ from the initial interactions during capsid assembly. Our results suggest that RNP dimers are the basic stabilization units of the virion, provide better understanding of multifunctional proteins, and highlight the duality of RNP as capsid-stabilizing and genetic ...

Genome replication is a critical step in virus life cycles. Here, we analyzed the role of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP3, a major component of ...

Immunosuppressive viruses are frequently found as co-infections in the chicken industry, potentially causing serious economic losses. Because traditional molecular biology methods have limited detection ability, a rapid, high-throughput method for the differential diagnosis of these viruses is needed. The objective of this study is to develop a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler Analyser-based multiplex PCR method (GeXP-multiplex PCR) for simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses. Using chimeric primers, eight such viruses, including Mareks disease virus (MDV), three subgroups of avian leucosis virus (ALV-A/B/J), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and avian reovirus (ARV), were amplified and identified by their respective amplicon sizes. The specificity and sensitivity of the optimised GeXP-multiplex PCR assay were evaluated, and the data demonstrated that this technique could selectively amplify

The Lasher Laboratory enhances the University of Delawares ability to respond quickly and efficiently to industry needs for poultry disease diagnosis and outreach activities. Diagnostic services available at the Lasher Laboratory include poultry necropsy and clinical diagnosis, bacteriology, mycology, molecular diagnostic testing, and serology. Virology and histopathology specimens collected at the laboratory are sent to the Newark campus for evaluation. The Lasher Laboratory conducts applied research on poultry diseases, often in collaboration with poultry industry scientists, and provides a broiler progeny challenge service for evaluating infectious bursal disease virus vaccinal immunity. As a NALHN approved laboratory, the Lasher Laboratory routinely performs surveillance for avian influenza and exotic Newcastle disease. Avian influenza surveillance programs include pre-slaughter testing of commercial broiler chickens, routine surveillance of backyard flocks, and testing of diseased flocks. ...

218.The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. Two serotypes are known to exist, but only serotype 1 is pathogenic. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period is short and the first symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection. The lesions in the bursa of Fabricius are progressive. In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged, oedematous and covered with a gelatinous transudate.. ...

1. Fernandez R, Rojo F, Garcia H, Sanchez P, Martinez H, Menendez A, Ruiz H et al. Field efficacy in broiler chickens in Latin America of vHVT-013, a Mareks HVT vector vaccine expressing VP2 in infectious bursal disease virus. Oral presentation and abstract at the 15th congress of the World Veterinary Poultry Association, 2007; p199.. 2. Atienza JC, Nagera AJ, Martinez PO, Baysac ND, Castillo MT, Damaso VR, Lemière S. Evaluation of a herpesvirus of turkey vector vaccine inducing protection against infectious bursal and Mareks diseases (VAXXITEK® HVT+IBD) under Philippines field conditions. Oral presentation. XXIII World Poultry Congress, Brisbane, Australia. 2008. Article wpc0801684, 9 p.. 3. Garritty AT. The eff ect of vectored HVT+IBD (Vaxxitek® HVT + IBD) vaccination on body weights, uniformity and virus shedding in commercial broilers. Abstract. International Poultry Scientifi c Forum, Atlanta, 2011; p31.. 4. Godinho E, Pereira CJ, Fernandez A, Lemiere S. Case study of broiler chicken ...

PULLMAN, Wash. (AP) - Researchers say a serious new form of a viral poultry disease has been found in Washington state.Infectious bursal disease virus, known as IBDV for short, is not known to infe...

Authors: Galloux, M.; Libersou, S.; Morellet, N.; Bouaziz, S.; Ouldali, M.; Da Costa, B.; Lepault, J.; Delmas, B.. Citation: Galloux, M.; Libersou, S.; Morellet, N.; Bouaziz, S.; Da Costa, B.; Ouldali, M.; Lepault, J.; Delmas, B.. Infectious bursal disease virus, a non-enveloped virus, possesses a capsid-associated peptide that deforms and perforates biological membranes J. Biol. Chem. 282, 20774-20784 (2007).. Assembly members: ...

VAXXITEK® HVT+IBD+ILT is the first vaccine to offer protection in one shot from Infectious Laryngotracheitis, Mareks Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health launched an innovative, first-of-its-kind vaccine in the United States to protect poultry from three diseases. VAXXITEK HVT+IBD+ILT is the first vaccine to offer protection in one shot from Infectious Laryngotracheitis, Mareks Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease (classic and variant types). This new trivalent vaccine provides a strong immune foundation, optimizes protection for flocks and offers reliable protection, said Matt Nelson, who . . .

This page contains information on veterinary pharmaceutical and biological products that are sold in several different countries and areas where they may be marketed under different trade names and pursuant to different regulatory approvals. Accordingly, ThePoultrySite and CEVA SANTE ANIMALE give no guarantee that the details presented are correct with respect to all locations ...

Abcam provides specific protocols for Anti-Infectious Bursal Disease (Standard) (IBD) antibody (ab31672) : Immunohistochemistry protocols, Immunocytochemistry…

IBD (Infectious Bursal Disease, IBD) is a highly infectious and transmitted disease for chickens. The bursa of Fabricius is the target organ of this virus. Classical IBDV strains could infect chickens

Infectious Brusal Disease Virus Antibody Test Kit [IBD-2P] - Kit includes approximately 640 test samples plus controls, contains 5 microtiter plates. Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) affects primarily young chickens. The condition is considered economically significant due its ability to induce profound immunosuppression in chickens often resulting in susceptibility to secondary bacterial and viral infections. The symptoms include depression, anorexia, ruffled feathers, and

The 2.6-angstrom structure of infectious bursal disease virus-derived t=1 particles reveals new stabilizing elements of the virus capsid ...

Researchers at The Pirbright Institute have created a new method of genetically modifying the Mareks disease vaccine so that it is able to protect against another destructive poultry virus called infectious bursal disease (IBD), and potentially others such as avian influenza and Newcastle disease. This approach could lead to a reduction in the number of vaccines that need to

Antibodies are other respectable achievements of our R&D experts, recognized by Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology. Among that, HANVET K.T.G is a sterile emulsion, containing specific antibodies against infectious bursal disease (IBD), Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious bronchitis (IB) in chickens; that obtained from hyper-immunized hen egg-yolk. In addition, the preparation acts as a non-specific protein-therapy and increases the bodys resistance to prevent infections and secondary infections. HANVET K.T.G has also been recognized by the first prize of VIFOTEC 2007 for a creative bio-product and the second prize at Korean International Expo in 2007 ...

For vaccination of healthy chickens 7 to 14 days of age, as an aid in the prevention of infectious bursal disease (IBD) and to maximize response to subsequent inactivated IBD vaccines.. ...

VAXXITEK HVT+IBD+ILT is the first vaccine to offer protection in one shot from infectious laryngotracheitis, Mareks disease and infectious bursal disease

I, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, am serving as Editor on Archives of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ABB). I submitted an editorial titled, Edible vaccines to combat Infectious Bursal Disease of poultry for publication in ABB. After submitting the manuscript; the services rendered by the management and technical personnel to handle and process the manuscript were marvelous. Plagiarism report was shared with me with complements before reviewers comments, All steps including article processing and service charges were well taken care of keeping in view the authors interest/preference. All together, it was an encouraging and wonderful experience working with ABB personnel.. ...

Ol h, I., Magyar, A., Nagy, N., Horv th, E., Kov cs, A., Nagy, E. (2001): Effect of IBDV infection on the secretory dendritic cells. - In: van den Berg, T. (szerk.) EU Cost Action 839: International Symposium on Infectious Bursal Disease and Chicken Infectious Anemia. Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxemburg, pp. 329-340 ...

Amakye-Anim, J., T. Lin, P. Hester, et al. (2000) Ascorbic acid supplementation improved antibody response to infectious bursal disease vaccination in chickens. Poultry Science 79:680-688. Azad, I., J. Dayal, M. Poornima, and S. Ali (2007) Supra dietary levels of vitamins C and E enhance antibody production and immune memory in juvenile milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) to formalin-killed Vibrio vulnificus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 23:154-163. Carroll, R., K. Kovacs, and E. Tapp (1965) Protection against mercuric chloride poisoning of the rat kidney. Arzneimittelforschung 15:1361-1363. Feigen, G., B. Smith, C. Dix, et al. (1982) Enhancement of antibody production and protection against systemic anaphylaxis by large doses of vitamin C. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology 38:313-333. Gage, J. (1975) Mechanisms for the biodegradation of organic mercury compounds: the actions of ascorbate and of soluble proteins. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ...

Poultry Diagnostics Market Analysis By Test Types (ELISA, PCR), By Disease Type (Avian Salmonellosis, Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bursal Disease, Avian Encephalomyelitis,

Does not work either. Also, your mailer destroys your patches. Le 20/02/2015 19:37, Steve Lhomme a écrit : , Heres one over the current master. Ill submit the other one after this , one is in, as it depends on it. , , --- , modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , 2 +- , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment.cpp , 12 ++++++------ , modules/demux/mkv/matroska_segment_parse.cpp , 14 +++++++------- , 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) , , diff --git a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , index 1feca55..21618f4 100644 , --- a/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , +++ b/modules/demux/mkv/demux.cpp , @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ matroska_stream_c , *demux_sys_t::AnalyseAllSegmentsFound( demux_t *p_demux, EbmlS , // find the families of this segment , KaxInfo *p_info = static_cast,KaxInfo*,(p_l1); , b_keep_segment = b_initial; , - if( unlikely( p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , + if( unlikely( p_info-,IsFiniteSize() && , p_info-,GetSize() ,= SIZE_MAX ) ) , { , msg_Err( p_demux, KaxInfo ...

DDC classification: 2562-T Dissertation note: A number of feed additives including antibiotics have been extensively used in poultry feeds. However, the use of antibiotics has been restricted due to the drug resistance and the issue of residues in meat. Now a day, the use of medicinal plants is being popular as an alternate remedy. Asafoetida is a natural feed additive and antimicrobial, immune stimulator, antiviral, antifungal, anti-parasitic, antithrombotic, antioxidant, anti-cancerous, and vasodilator activities. It is being used for the control of some viral problems. Some previous studies also indicated that it has beneficial effects on the immune system. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the immunomodulatory effects of F. foetida with IBD vaccine in enhancing the immune system and ultimately increase the production of poultry products. A total of n=90 day old broiler chicks were purchased and kept under the optimum conditions at CVAS Jhang. Birds were divided into three ...

There is increasing concern about the impact of veterinary drugs and livestock pathogens as factors damaging wildlife health, especially of threatened avian scavengers feeding upon medicated livestock carcasses. We conducted a comprehensive study of failed eggs and dead nestlings in bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) to attempt to elucidate the proximate causes of breeding failure behind the recent decline in productivity in the Spanish Pyrenees. We found high concentrations of multiple veterinary drugs, primarily fluoroquinolones, in most failed eggs and nestlings, associated with multiple internal organ damage and livestock pathogens causing disease, especially septicaemia by swine pathogens and infectious bursal disease. The combined impact of drugs and disease as stochastic factors may result in potentially devastating effects exacerbating an already high risk of extinction and should be considered in current conservation programs for bearded vultures and other scavenger species, especially in

Background and aims: Medicinal plant products are considered to be an effective candidate against the number of viral diseases as generally observed or reported in developing countries. As per the literature, secondary metabolites (i.e. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins etc.) are reported in medicinal plant products and showed its antiviral properties. In this study, our group focused on those medicinal plants especially roots of Ficus benghalensis and Ficus racemosa related to New castle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) having in vitro antiviral activity. These studies were conducted on the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods: For antimicrobial studies, different medicinal plant products especially roots of Ficus benghalensis and Ficus racemosa were collected from Vidya Pratishthans garden, School of Biotechnology, Baramati. These medicinal plant leaves are used in the form of aqueous extract and determined its anti-microbial activity against poultry viruses

If the blast-like cell population is exhausted after IBDV infection or testosterone treatment, regeneration of the follicle, but not the entire bursa, is handicapped. The cytological structure of the cortico-medullary and FAE-supportive epithelial cells is quite different. The former are rich in cytoplasmic organelles and their cytoskeletal keratin filaments outline the arch shape of the cells, while FAE-supportive cells form 2-3 squamous cell layers that are rich in keratin with few organelles. 1993b; Mast and Goddeeris, 1998b). Ellipsoids and PWP Penicillar capillaries lack muscular layers, have stomata and are lined with cuboidal endothelium. The mid-portion of the capillary is surrounded by the ellipsoid which is an efficient filtration apparatus with mechanical filtration carried out by the extracellular matrix and phagocytic filtration by cellular components. 1). The basal membrane and the CSS are interconnected with fine reticular fibres, forming a three-dimensional network. Intravenously ...

Funded by the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through its Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program, grant number UL1TR002541 ...