To determine whether DNA polymerase plays a role in the hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes, we examined the frequency and pattern of substitutions in variable VH6 genes from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of three patients with xeroderma pigmentosum variant disease, whose polymerase had genetic defects. The frequency of mutation was normal but the types of base changes were different: there was a decrease in mutations at A and T and a concomitant rise in mutations at G and C. We propose that more than one polymerase contributes to hypermutation and that if one is absent, others compensate. The data indicate that polymerase is involved in generating errors that occur predominantly at A and T and that another polymerase(s) may preferentially generate errors opposite G and C.. ...
Puri, J; Ben, neriah Y.; Givol, D; and Lonai, P, Antibodies to immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions protect helper cells from specific suicide by radiolabeled antigen. (1980). Subject Strain Bibliography 1980. 1413 ...
Objectives We have studied the role of lymphoproliferative tumors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and the origin of the autoantibodies in PNP. Objectives of this study is to understand the characteristics of immunoglobulin genes of the B-cells isolated from the tumor which can produce auto-antibody.. Methods Total RNA of the tumor cells was then isolated and the mRNA was reversely transcribed into cDNA. V-H and V-L genes were amplified and cloned and their sequences were analyzed.. Results 49 V H genes (527 to 577 bp) and 36V(L) genes ( 445 to 454 bp) sequences were cloned from five tumors. All of the IgV(L) were mostly homologous to IGKV4-01 germ-line gene. The frequency of IgV(H) germ-line gene usage in a decreasing order was IGHV3-23 > IGHV3-9 > IGHV4-31 > IGHV4-59. There was more nucleotide changes occurred in complementary determining regions ( CDR) than those in the framework regions (FR) in the V-H and V-L of B cell clones. In both V-H and V-L, the probability (P) that the number of ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - RosettaAntibody. T2 - Antibody variable region homology modeling server. AU - Sircar, Aroop. AU - Kim, Eric T.. AU - Gray, Jeffrey J.. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - The RosettaAntibody server (http://antibody.graylab.jhu.edu) predicts the structure of an antibody variable region given the amino-acid sequences of the respective light and heavy chains. In an initial stage, the server identifies and displays the most sequence homologous template structures for the light and heavy framework regions and each of the complementarity determining region (CDR) loops. Subsequently, the most homologous templates are assembled into a side-chain optimized crude model, and the server returns a picture and coordinate file. For users requesting a high-resolution model, the server executes the full RosettaAntibody protocol which additionally models the hyper-variable CDR H3 loop. The high-resolution protocol also relieves steric clashes by optimizing the CDR backbone torsion angles and by ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - AID is essential for immunoglobulin V gene conversion in a cultured B cell line. AU - Harris, Reuben S.. AU - Sale, Julian E.. AU - Petersen-Mahrt, Svend K.. AU - Neuberger, Michael S.. N1 - Funding Information: We thank Richard Grenfell for assistance with cell sorting, and we thank Gareth Williams and Rupert Beale for the partial AID cDNA clone and the 3′RACE product, respectively. R.S.H. was the recipient of a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Hitchings-Elion fellowship, and S.K.P.M. was the recipient of an EMBO fellowship. This work was supported in part by grants from the Arthritis Research Campaign and the Leukaemia Research Fund.. PY - 2002/3/5. Y1 - 2002/3/5. N2 - Following productive V gene rearrangement, the functional immunoglobulin genes in the B lymphocytes of man and mouse are subjected to two further types of genetic modification. Class-switch recombination, a region-specific but largely nonhomologous recombination process, leads to a change in constant region of the ...
Humans; Animals; Amino Acid Sequence; Molecular Sequence Data; Species Specificity; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Genetic Engineering; Tumor Cells, Cultured; *Genes, Immunoglobulin; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*genetics/immunology; Antibody Affinity; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/*genetics; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/chemistry/*genetics; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; Mice/*genetics/immunology; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*genetics/immunology. ...
Human B lymphocytes expressing the CD5 surface antigen (CD5+ B cells) constitute a subset capable of producing polyspecific antibodies recognizing a variety of self antigens. The repertoire of antibodies produced by CD5+ and CD5- B cells is different. However, it is not yet established whether this distribution is reflected in different immunoglobulin variable region gene (IgV) use. Rearrangement of heavy chain IgV (IgVH) genes represents one of the first identifiable stages in the maturation of B cells, and occurs in a developmentally ordered fashion. The repertoire of IgVH gene expression is highly restricted during fetal life but diversifies progressively after birth. A high frequency of VH gene use from the relatively small VHIV gene family has previously been demonstrated in human fetal liver B cells. In the present study, 102 B cell lines established by Epstein-Barr Virus-transformation of separated CD5+ and CD5- cord blood B cells, were examined for the frequency of IgV expression using ...
deemed to be within a hypervariable region under one set of criteria while being deemed to be outside a hypervariable region under a different set of criteria. One or more of these positions can also be found in extended hypervariable regions (as further defined below). The invention provides antibodies comprising modifications in these hybrid hypervariable positions. In one embodiment, these hybrid hypervariable positions include one or more of positions 26-30,33-35B, 47-49, 57-65, 93,94 and 102 in a heavy chain variable domain. In one embodiment, these hybrid hypervariable positions include one or more of positions 24-29, 35-36,46-49, 56 and 97 in a light chain variable domain. In one embodiment, an antibody of the invention comprises a variant human subgroup consensus framework sequence modified at one or more hybrid hypervariable positions. In one embodiment, an antibody of the invention comprises a heavy chain variable domain comprising a variant human subgroup III consensus framework ...
The antigen-binding site of antibodies forms at the interface of their two variable domains, VH and VL, making VH-VL domain orientation a factor that codetermines antibody specificity and affinity. Preserving VH-VL domain orientation in the process of antibody engineering is important in order to re …
Human B lymphocytes expressing the CD5 surface antigen (CD5+ B cells) constitute a subset capable of producing polyspecific antibodies recognizing a variety of self antigens. The repertoire of antibodies produced by CD5+ and CD5- B cells is different. However, it is not yet established whether this distribution is reflected in different immunoglobulin variable region gene (IgV) use. Rearrangement of heavy chain IgV (IgVH) genes represents one of the first identifiable stages in the maturation of B cells, and occurs in a developmentally ordered fashion. The repertoire of IgVH gene expression is highly restricted during fetal life but diversifies progressively after birth. A high frequency of VH gene use from the relatively small VHIV gene family has previously been demonstrated in human fetal liver B cells. In the present study, 102 B cell lines established by Epstein-Barr Virus-transformation of separated CD5+ and CD5- cord blood B cells, were examined for the frequency of IgV expression using ...
The invention provides recombinant antibody molecules comprising antigen binding regions derived from the heavy and/or light chain variable regions of a donor anti-CD3 antibody, e.g. OKT3, and which have anti-CD3 binding specificity, preferably of affinity similar to that of OKT3. The recombinant antibody is preferably a humanized antibody and may be a chimeric or CDR-grafted antibody. A method is disclosed for preparing CDR-grafted humanized antibodies in which, in addition to the CDRs, non-human antibody residues are preferably used at positions 23, 24, 49, 71, 73 and 78 of the heavy chain variable region and at positions 46, 48, 58, and 71 of the light chain variable region. The recombinant, especially the humanized, anti-CD3 antibodies may used for in vivo therapy or diagnosis.
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英) We have established a method for selecting binding phages from a phage immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) library by panning with nitrocellulose membranes (membrane panning). To evaluate the concentrating ability of membrane panning for binding phages, a phage VH library containing clones that bind to hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) was used for panning against HEL. The efficiency of our method was as high as that of panning with magnetic beads. In addition, we performed membrane panning against target proteins and isolated the binding phages. The human VH genes of these phages were cloned and expressed as VH-bacterial alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) conjugates (VH-PhoA) in Escherichia coli. The dose-dependent binding of VH-PhoA to target proteins was confirmed by dot blotting. When applied to disease-associated antibodies, these methods will likely benefit clinical research. In addition, these techniques may be applicable to systematic analysis in proteome studies. (日) ...
Diversification of the antibody repertoire in mammals results from a series of apparently random somatically propagated gene rearrangement and mutational events. Nevertheless, it is well known that the adult repertoire of antibody specificities is acquired in a developmentally programmed fashion. As previously shown, rearrangement of the gene segments encoding the heavy-chain variable regions (VH) of mouse antibodies is also developmentally ordered: the number of VH gene segments rearranged in B lymphocytes of fetal mice is small but increased progressively after birth. In this report, human fetal B-lineage cells were also shown to rearrange a highly restricted set of VH gene segments. In a sample of heavy-chain transcripts from a 130-day human fetus the most frequently expressed human VH element proved to be closely related to the VH element most frequently expressed in murine fetal B-lineage cells. These observations are important in understanding the development of immunocompetence. ...
One problem with the study of antibodies was that they are heterogenous. For example, an electrophoresis pattern of an animal immunized against albumin (a homogenous protein) would show a spike of albumin and then several much smaller spikes of antibodies (meaning the albumin antibodies are polyclonal, or consisting of different subsets binding different sites on the same antigen). In multiple myeloma, tumorous plasma cells all secrete the tame type of immunoglobulin. This leads to a huge monoclonal spike of antibodies, since there will be huge amounts of a single antibody. The experiments below were all performed to determine the structure of antibodies. After all these experiments, the antibody structure shown above was determined. ...
A brief introduction about immunoglobulin, antibody structure and function. Knowledge about antibody fragments, affinity and avidity, antibody classes and antibody-antigen specific interaction.
Angiogenesis is a potential prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Elevated circulating levels of angiogenic factors in CLL have been repeatedly reported. Nevertheless, the issue of bone marrow neovascularization in CLL remains controversial, partly due to limited number of published studies, different methods of assessing microvessel density (MVD) and small patient cohorts. Moreover, there are very scarce data regarding the relationship of marrow angiogenesis to prognostic markers in CLL. Our objectives were: 1. To assess bone marrow MVD in CLL using two different monoclonal antibodies and a reproducible method of MVD quantification; 2. To examine the possible association of marrow MVD and clinical course, pattern of marrow infiltration, Rai stage, cytogenetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and mutation status of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH). MVD was higher using CD34 vs vWF antibody ( ...
FIG. 6. V-gene reverted chimeras and dissection of functional relevance. Resolution-enhancing methods are particularly useful when analyzing diffuse effects such as somatic hypermutation, which alters ∼50 residues between PG9 and PG16. (A) Schematic V-gene reverted chimeras of PG16 and PG9 Fabs are shown: both heavy and light chain V genes reverted to germ line precursor, only heavy V gene reverted, or only light chain V gene reverted (see Fig. S2 in the supplemental material). PG16 light chain is in light blue, PG16 heavy chain is in tan, and PG16 CDR H3 is in red; PG9 light chain is in light green, PG9 heavy chain is in green, and PG9 CDR H3 is bordered in dark green. V-gene reversion to germ line is shown by hatching. (B) IC50 are reported for each category of antibodies: V-gene heavy and light chain reverted to germ line (VhVl), Vl reverted, Vh reverted, and affinity-matured antibodies, i.e., wild-type PG9 and PG16. There were significant differences in IC50 among the four groups according ...
The amino acid sequences of the Fd fragments of two human pathological immunoglobulins of the immunoglobulin G1 class are reported. Comparison of the two sequences shows that the heavy-chain variable regions are similar in length to those of the light chains. The existence of heavy chain variable region subgroups is also deduced, from a comparison of these two sequences with those of another γ 1 chain, Eu, a μ chain, Ou, and the partial sequence of a fourth γ 1 chain, Ste. Carbohydrate has been found to be linked to an aspartic acid residue in the variable region of one of the γ 1 chains, Cor.. ...
Chimeric antibody expression is one of the recombinant antibody expression. You only need to provide antibody sequence or variable region gene sequences,
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As with all gene therapies, IGT also raises concerns about the ethical implications of gene therapies designed to improve or enhance human beings rather than simply treat medical conditions. Conferring disease immunity arguably straddles the line between these approaches. Injecting viruses that are designed to modify the human genome also carries the risk of potentially severe side effects.. Thus far, gene therapy researchers have mostly limited themselves to what is known as somatic gene therapy, rather than germ line gene therapy. In the former, only non-reproductive DNA is modified, meaning that the modified traits cannot be passed on to future generations. It is widely accepted that germ line gene therapy poses an even more perilous ethical landscape than the gene therapies already under development.. Finally, the prospect of modifying the human genome raises the question, as always, of who would control such technology, and who would get to decide when it would be used.. ...
In preferred embodiments, the isolated polypeptide comprises an immunoglobulin variable domain that unfolds reversibly (e.g., VH, a variant VH, VL and/or variant VL)- in certain embodiment, the isolated polypeptide comprises a variant VH and/or a variant VL that unfolds reversibly. Preferably the variable domain that unfolds reversibly (e.g., VH, variant VH, VL, variant VL) has binding specificity for a target ligand and binds to the target ligand with a suitable dissociation constant (Kj) and suitable off rate (Koff)- A suitable Kd can be about 50 nM to about 20 pM or less, for example about 50 nM, about 1 nM, about 900 pM, about 800 pM, about 700 pM, about 600 pM, about 500 pM, about 400 pM, about 300 pM, about 200 pM, about 100 pM or about 20 pM or less. A suitable Kotr can be about 1 x 101 s1 to about 1 x 107 s1 or less, for example about 1 x 101 s1, about 1 x 102 s1, about 1 x 103 s1, about 1 x 104 s1, about 1 x 105 s1, about 1 x 106 s1 or about 1 x 101 s1 or less. ...
Hi all, Im a beginner to bioinformatics, and Im having trouble finding specific tools that could help me analyze and visualize data of immunoglobulin variable heavy chains. The data I have is from a MiSeq readout. So far Ive only been able to use PEAR to sticth my reads together, FASTAptamer to count, compare, and cluster my sequences, and thats about it. Ive been trying to use different visualization tools on Galaxy but it seems like the ones that do allow FASTA files as input are spitting out errors because of varying length of sequences in the file and other errors (one that keeps popping up is Picked Up JAVA_OPTIONS?). Ive tried IgGalaxy but Im having trouble setting it up because the VMWare isnt compatible with my computer. Am I missing something with Galaxy that Im not aware of? Thanks in advance!. ...
1AR2: X-ray crystallography reveals stringent conservation of protein fold after removal of the only disulfide bridge from a stabilized immunoglobulin variable domain.
RNA spike-in standards are becoming an essential tool to assess errors and bias in sequencing data, the most notable example being the establishment of the External RNA Controls Consortium (ERCC) spike-in mix (36). We translated this concept to Ig-seq by designing a set of synthetic (in vitro transcribed) RNA standards. It is impractical to generate a spike-in mix comprising the full diversity of antibody repertoires at a clonal or V-gene level (,140 V-genes in IGHV repertoire of BALB/c mice). However, fractional sample spike-ins, like the ERCC spike-in mix (92 polyadenlyated transcripts), have proven to be valuable and sufficient for evaluation of errors and bias in sequencing data. We designed our synthetic spike-ins to consist of 16 full-length antibody sequences on the basis of mouse VH regions. Notable spike-in features were the incorporation of 16 unique CDR3 amino acid sequences, seven different V-genes, designed positions for somatic hypermutation, a synthetic segment [for bioinformatic ...
1AR2: X-ray crystallography reveals stringent conservation of protein fold after removal of the only disulfide bridge from a stabilized immunoglobulin variable domain.
Background information on the structure of antibodies and the advantage of recombinant antibodies for reproducible results in in flow cytometry. | Canada
A new way to teach antibody structure and function! The antibody is a remarkable weapon of the immune system. Now your students can make their very own model of an antibody complete with antigen! Download and print as many times as you want - forever at no extra cost!A great way to cover antibody structure and humoral
Glutamine 121 protrudes away from the surface of the antigen. The exposed residue can fit into a depression in the antibody. Association leads to the formation of __________ between antigen and antibody? ...
Most antigens have multiple epitopes (multivalent) Usually carbohydrate or peptide. ... Aggregates formed by interaction of multivalent antibodies and multivalent ... - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 20efd9-ZWU2N
SQ P01864 # GCAB_MOUSE Ig gamma-2A chain C region secreted form (B allele) ! SQ P01863 #GCAA_MOUSE Ig gamma-2A chain C region, A allele; 86% sequence identity ! SQ NA # natural chimera; best hits are: SQ P01751 (Ig heavy chain V region B1-8/186-2) and SQ P01864 (Ig gamma-2A chain C region secreted form) ! SQ P01868 # GC1_MOUSE Ig gamma-1 chain C region secreted form ! SQ P01864 # GCAB_MOUSE (P01864) Ig gamma-2A chain C region ! SQ P01837 # KAC_MOUSE (P01837) Ig kappa chain C region ! SQ P01863 # GCAA_MOUSE Ig gamma-2A chain C region, A allele ! SQ NA # part of Fab 28 against HIV-1 RT ! SQ P01868 # ! GC1_MOUSE Ig gamma-1 chain C region secreted form ...
Abcam provides specific protocols for Anti-Cyclin B1 antibody [V152] (ab72) : Flow cytometry protocols, Immunohistochemistry protocols, Immunocytochemistry…
When asking yourself, What is gene therapy?, you must also ask,How does gene therapy work? Other important questions to ask is Why is gene therapy difficult? One of the most important factors in the process is germ line gene therapy, a very modern genetic process.
Considering the nearly infinite number of possible antigens that can invade the body, the immune system had to develop a method for accurately targeting each one of these compounds, ranging from small molecules, to stray proteins, to viruses capable of infecting cells. The antibody was the immune systems response to this problem. It has been estimated that humans generate about 10^10 different antigens, each capable of binding a unique epitope of an antigen. Since antibodies are proteins, and proteins are controlled by the genes from which they are transcribed, a clever system of gene shuffling and manipulations developed to enable the immune system to create a huge repertoire of antibodies from a limited number of genes. [15] The variable region of each immunoglobulin chain is encoded in several pieces known as gene segments. For heavy chains, these segments are called the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments. (Only V and J exist for light chains) 50 V segments, 25 D segments, ...
Background In mouse the cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7) is necessary for generation of B lymphocytes, but human IL-7 does not appear to have this function. amino acid identity and are expressed in cell lines and main hematopoietic lineage cells differentially. Genes Selumetinib for FIGLER homologs had been discovered in macaque, orangutan, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, pup, rooster, toad, and puffer seafood databases. The nonhuman FIGLER homologs talk about 38C99% general amino acid identification with their individual counterpart. Bottom line The extracellular domains structure and lack of recognizable cytoplasmic signaling motifs in associates from the extremely conserved FIGLER gene family members recommend a trophic or cell adhesion function for these substances. History Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is normally a nonredundant cytokine necessary for the era of B and T lineage cells in mice [1-5]. Although Selumetinib IL-7 is vital for T cell advancement in humans, individual B cell advancement is unaffected ...
Detailed description of antibodies, phases of B-Cell development, stem cells, pre B-cells & B-cells, antibody Structure, isolation of immunoglobulins, structures of light and heavy chains and basic structure of immunoglobulins.
ho62a01.x1 Soares_NFL_T_GBC_S1 Homo sapiens cDNA clone IMAGE:3041928 3- similar to SW:TVA1_MOUSE P01738 T-CELL RECEPTOR ALPHA CHAIN V REGION PHDS58 PRECURSOR. [1] ;, mRNA ...
Sequence analyses of K1 variable region, VRI loop, identifies genotype diversity in childhood KSHV from African endemic region. The K1 region was PCR amplified
Several genes for the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chains (VH genes) have been isolated from human fetal liver DNA by using a cDNA plasmid probe containing a mouse VH sequence. The detectable VH genes are separated by 12-16 kilobases of DNA, and hybridization experiments show about 23 hybridizing VH genes in DNA of three different individuals. The complete nucleotide sequence of one of these human VH genes shows that it belongs to the human VHIII subgroup. The VH gene appears to contain an intervening sequence (104 bases in length) within a precursor sequence, between residues -4 and -5. The precursor sequence is itself 19 codons in length. The 3 end of the V gene seems to be at codon 93 or 94, and this is followed by the conserved sequences C-A-C-A-G-T-G and G-A-C-A-C-A-A-A-C-C. The presence of these sequences suggests that similar enzymatic mechanisms are involved in the integration of V genes in both heavy and light chains.
Journal of Immunology Research is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that provides a platform for scientists and clinicians working in different areas of immunology and therapy. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, as well as clinical studies related to classical immunology, molecular immunology, clinical immunology, cancer immunology, transplantation immunology, immune pathology, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, immune disorders, and immunotherapy.
We have analyzed several closely related members of the gene family encoding the variable regions of human immunoglobulin kappa light chains (V kappa genes). Two of these genes differ at a single nucleotide out of 940 bases sequenced, and are believed to be alleles of a locus called HK 101. This substitution results in an amino acid replacement in the first complementarity-determining region of the kappa chain. We also compared the structures of two nonallelic human V kappa loci (HK 101 and HK 137) and found a high degree of sequence homology over a region at least 13.5 kb long. This long block of homology indicates that these two loci arose from a recent gene duplication. The DNA sequences of these two nonallelic V kappa genes exhibit a very unusual distribution of nucleotide substitutions. Seven of the ten substitutions found among 940 bases are clustered in a 39 base stretch encoding the first complementarity-determining region and the second framework region of the protein. We suggest that this
Three anti-ABA single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody genes, namely ABA26, MAC61, MAC252 scFvs, had been constructed from mouse and rat hybridomas and expressed in bacteria, yeast and plants. All of these scFv genes could be expressed in E. coli using the T7 promoter, either targeted to the E. coli periplasm or cytoplasm, albeit at comparatively low levels. The cytoplasmically located scFv proteins were in the form of insoluble fraction and did not therefore exhibit any binding activities to the ABA. The majority of the periplasmically located scFv proteins were retained in the bacterial cytoplasm as insoluble bodies with the ompA signal peptide attached to them. Nevertheless, the positive signal in ELISA test indicated that a small portion of scFv proteins were in the form of soluble functional scFv proteins. All the three periplasmically expressed scFv proteins had specific ABA binding activities. However, the affinity constants of the scFv proteins were found to be 5 to 10 fold lower than those of ...
ONLINE COVER B Cell Outsiders Moving In. Shown are representative lineages of clonally related immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions found in the cerebral spinal fluid and peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients. Complementary studies by Palanichamy et al. and Stern et al. report that in multiple sclerosis patients, B cells found outside the central nervous system-in peripheral blood and draining cervical lymph nodes-share antigen specificity with intrathecal B cell repertoires. These data support the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies to prevent lymphocytes from crossing the blood-brain barrier or induce peripheral B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis patients. See the related Focus by Lu et al. [CREDIT: L. APELTSIN, H-C. VON BUEDINGEN/DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO] ...
Crews, Stephen Thomas (1983) The Structure of Mammalian Genes: (1) Antibody Heavy Chain Variable Region Genes: Organization, Diversity, and Somatic Mutation. (2) Structure and Transcription of the DNA Encompassing the Origin of Replication of Human Mitochondrial DNA. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/4dgr-za66. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08302019-152439482 ...
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) or antibody diversity arises from somatic recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments and is concentrated within the Ig heavy (H) chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR-H3). We performed high-throughput sequencing of the expressed antibody heavy chain repertoire from adult torafugu. We found that torafugu use between 70% and 82% of all possible V (variable) D (diversity) J (joining) gene segment combinations and that they share a similar frequency distribution of these VDJ combinations. The CDR-H3 sequence repertoire observed in individuals is biased with the preferential use of a small number of VDJ, dominated by sequences containing inserted nucleotides. We uncovered the common CDR-H3 amino acid (aa) sequences shared by individuals. Common CDR-H3 sequences feature highly convergent nucleic acid recombination compared with private ones. Finally, we observed differences in repertoires between IgM and IgT, including the unequal usage frequencies of V gene
Nucleotide sequences of the four genes composing the T15 heavy chain variable region (VH) family of the CBA/J mouse have been determined. Comparison of these sequences with their published BALB/c and C57BL/10 homologues reveals that nucleotide differences found between given alleles of two strains, i.e., CBA/J and BALB/c, are observed in other family members of the same strain. We suggest that these patterns of sequence variation are most readily explained by gene interaction (conversion). Additionally, the sequence of a CBA/J hybridoma, 6G6, proposed to have been generated by gene conversion, is directly encoded by the CBA/J V11 gene indicating that the putative conversion has occurred meiotically in the germline. These results are consistent with the premise that gene correction is occurring frequently among members of this family and that such processes may contribute significantly to the evolution of Ig variable region genes even in the relatively short time frame of inbred strain derivation ...
A recombinant chimeric (murine/human) monoclonal antibody (IgG1k) that functions as an immunosuppressive agent, specifically binding to and blocking the interleukin-2 receptor a-chain (IL-2R alpha, also known as CD25 antigen) on the surface of activated T-lymphocytes. It is a 144 kDa glycoprotein obtained from fermentation of an established mouse myeloma cell line genetically engineered to express plasmids containing the human heavy and light chain constant region genes and mouse heavy and light chain variable region genes encoding the RFT5 antibody that binds selectively to the IL-2R alpha.
The VH gene repertoire of human peripheral B cells was analyzed using PCR analysis of individual blood B cells. Because genomic DNA of single B cells was analyzed, data from both productive and nonproductive VDJ rearrangements were obtained. Nine out of 75 B cells contained both functional and nonfunctional rearrangement products, whereas 62/75 had a single productive VDJ rearrangement. The distribution of VH families was ordered in accordance with the germline complexity, although a bias toward VH3 and some of its members was found. This bias was noted in both the productively and nonproductively rearranged repertoires, indicating that it resulted from molecular and not selective processes. Evidence for negative selection of certain VH3 and VH4 family members was noted in that they were found less often as productive than nonproductive VDJ rearrangements. In addition, evidence for positive selection based on CDR3 was obtained, in that JH6 and DXP1 were found at a higher frequency in the ...
501411DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody 1F6 heavy chain variable region (VH) 1atggcttggg tgtggacctt gctattcctg atggcagctg cccaaagtgc ccaagcacag 60atccagttgg tgcagtctgg acctgaggtg aagaagcctg gagagacagt caagatctcc 120tgcaaggctt ctgggtatac cttcacaaac tatggaatga actgggtgaa gcaggctcca 180ggaaagggtt taaagtggat gggctggata aacacctaca ctggagagcc aacatatgct 240gatgccttca agggacggtt tgccttctct ttggaaacct ctgccagcac tgcctatttg 300cagatcaaca acctcaaaaa tgaggacacg gctacatatt tctgtgcaag agactacggc 360gactatggta tggactactg gggtcaagga acctcagtca ccgtctcctc a 4112137PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody 1F6 heavy chain variable region (VH) 2Met Ala Trp Val Trp Thr Leu Leu Phe Leu Met Ala Ala Ala Gln Ser1 5 10 15Ala Gly Ala Gln Ile Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Pro Gly Glu Thr Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe 35 40 45Thr Asn Tyr Gly Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu 50 55 60Lys Trp Met Gly Trp Ile Asn Thr Tyr Thr ...
October 10, 2019-New York, US Antibodies are crucial tools in scientific researches, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Designing antibodies with desired functions targeting specific epitopes now becomes a powerful prompter in the field of medical research and medicine development. Creative Biolabs, equipped with the first-level technology support and knowledgeable scientists, has launched the one-stop services regarding antibody design, aiming to help clients obtain ideal, highly developable and stable epitope-specific mAbs.. The neo epitope-specific mAbs design services are comprehensive and systematic, mainly made up of antibody structure modelling, antibody-antigen complex analysis, computer-aided affinity maturation, antibody structure determination, and experimental validation.. For the first step antibody structure design modeling, Creative Biolabs provides two approaches: homology modeling and antibody initio (or de novo) modeling. The homology modeling method takes advantage of ...
371107PRTArtificialD2E7 light chain variable region 1Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Arg Asn Tyr 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ala Ala Ser Thr Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Arg Tyr Asn Arg Ala Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 1052121PRTArtificialD2E7 heavy chain variable region 2Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Arg1 5 10 15Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Asp Asp Tyr 20 25 30Ala Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45Ser Ala Ile Thr Trp Asn Ser Gly His Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60Glu Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Tyr65 70 75 80Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr ...
Examines monoclonal antibody synthesis. Discusses expression of MABs in various mammalian systems. Includes a review of research on the expression of antibody fragments in various microbial systems. Describes the use of catalytic antibodies for a variety of applications. Reviews applications of MABs and its fragments.
The crystal structure of the Fab complexed to antigen reveals a number of water molecules that are fixed in the binding area. Many of these water molecules form hydrogen bond bridges between antigen and antibody, contributing to the strength of binding. There is no evidence for the exclusion of water from the antibody/antigen complex. The affinity for binding can be expressed by the equation describing free energy in a system: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where G = free energy or energy available for work, H = total energy in a system (enthalpy), T = absolute temperature (in Kelvin) and S = entropy. Which of the following statements are correct concerning the generation of a negative ΔG (indicating a spontaneous reaction) for high affinity antibody/antigen binding? ...
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Request Service. P lease, request a specific quote by completing the online quotation form accessible by pressing the following button; you will be contacted back by the next business day. We guarantee competitive pricing & rapid turnover; we combine cloning and expression on request. All yields are estimates and not guaranteed.. Request A Quote. For all other inquiries, contact us by email at [email protected] or by phone at 1-877-223-3104 (PST).. All our work is performed by highly experienced staff at our San Diego facility in California. We use highly efficient cloning techniques to ensure timely delivery and have very high standards for validation. All products and services are for research use only and are not intended for use in humans.. ...
The immune system produces a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulins in response to foreign antigens. During B-cell development, VDJ recombination and somatic mutations generate diversity, whereas selection processes remove it. Using both proteomic and NGS approaches, we characterized the immune repertoires in groups of rats after immunization with purified antigens. Proteomics and NGS data on the repertoire are in qualitative agreement, but did show quantitative differences that may relate to differences between the biological niches that were sampled for these approaches. Both methods contributed complementary information in the characterization of the immune repertoire. It was found that the immune repertoires resulting from each antigen had many similarities that allowed samples to cluster together, and that mutated immunoglobulin peptides were shared among animals with a response to the same antigen significantly more than for different antigens. However, the number of shared sequences decreased in a
The structures of only a few hundred antibodies have been solved by X-ray crystallography and there are even fewer structures of antibody-antigen complexes. There are however, many more antibody sequences in the databases, and homology modeling can be a useful tool in extending the number of structures of antigen-binding sites. Being able to model the structures of anitgen-binding sites can help in guiding the synthesis of novel antibody variable regions for potential therapeutics and laboratory regents ...
A role of B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) is well established, but there is limited understanding of their involvement during active disease. Here, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) B cells in treatment-naive patients with MS or high-risk clinically isolated syndrome. Using flow cytometry, we found increased CSF lymphocytes with a disproportionate increase of B cells compared with T cells in patients with gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions on brain MRI. Ig gene heavy chain variable region (Ig-VH) repertoire sequencing of CSF and PB B cells revealed clonal relationships between intrathecal and peripheral B cell populations, which could be consistent with migration of B cells to and activation in the CNS in active MS ...
qorts a comprehensive toolset for quality control and, the rna structurome transcriptome wide structure probing, illumina gaiix for high throughput sequencing, visualizing and characterizing dna rna and protein, cloning and sequencing of the light chain variable region
Complete information for IGLV@ gene (Gene Cluster), Immunoglobulin Lambda Variable Cluster, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
B cells, the elite soldiers of the bodys immune system serve as an army that is ready to recognize and destroy the invading antigens
Lötscher, Erika; Zimmer, Franz-Josef; Klopstock, Thomas; Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz; Jaenichen, Rita; Straubinger, Bernhard und Zachau, Hans G. (1988): Localization, analysis and evolution of transposed human immunoglobulin VK genes. In: Gene, Vol. 69, Nr. 2: S. 215-223 [PDF, 475kB] ...
Sequenta, Inc. has announced publication of a study done in collaboration with researchers from UCSF and UCLA that used the companys proprietary LymphoSIGHT™ immune repertoire sequencing...