TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of exercise, age and gender on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A in elderly individuals. AU - Shimizu, Kazuhiro. AU - Kimura, Fuminori. AU - Akimoto, Takayuki. AU - Akama, Takao. AU - Otsuki, Takeshi. AU - Nishijima, Takahiko. AU - Kuno, Shinya. AU - Kono, Ichiro. PY - 2007/12/1. Y1 - 2007/12/1. N2 - The influence of age and gender on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in response to moderate exercise training was studied in 158 elderly subjects. Subjects were assigned to an exercise training group (EXC: 51 males, 74 females) or a non-exercise control group (CON: 11 males, 22 females). The subjects in each group were separated into four age-gender subgroups (60-69-yr-old males, over 70-yr-old males, 60-69-yr-old females, over 70-yr-old females) and compared by age and gender. Subjects in EXC participated in exercise sessions 5-days a week for 6 months. Saliva samples were collected both before and after the study period. The SIgA secretion rates were ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Altered secretory immunoglobulin a on skin surface after intensive exercise. AU - Eda, Nobuhiko. AU - Shimizu, Kazuhiro. AU - Suzuki, Satomi. AU - Tanabe, Yoko. AU - Lee, Eunjae. AU - Akama, Takao. PY - 2013/9/1. Y1 - 2013/9/1. N2 - Eda, N, Shimizu, K, Suzuki, S, Tanabe, Y, Lee, E, and Akama, T. Altered secretory immunoglobulin A on skin surface after intensive exercise. J Strength Cond Res 27(9): 2581-2587, 2013-The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity endurance exercise on skin immunity by estimating secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and staphylococci on skin surface. Seven healthy adult men (age, 22.3 ± 2.0 years) performed bicycle exercise at 75% HRmax for 60 minutes from 2030 to 2130 hours. Secretory immunoglobulin A was obtained from 1 ml extraction liquids stirred with the microtube homogenizer in the open end of a polypropylene tube for 60 seconds. Secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ...
We standardized and evaluated an ELISA technique for the detection of total and specific anti-Giardia duodenalis secretory IgA antibodies (slgA). Samples of saliva and serum of 161 Venezuelan schoolchildren were analysed. After stool examination, 66 children were diagnosed to be infected with Giardia duodenalis, 22 with other protozoa, and 73 non-parasitized. The mean (+ 2 SD) values of secretory IgA in the non-parasitized group was considered as the criterion of positivity. The levels of total and specific anti-Giardia slgA were significantly higher in children with Giardia compared with the group with other protozoa (p , 0.01) and the non-parasitized group (p , 0.001). The ELISA technique developed showed values of sensitivity and specificity of 74 and 94 per cent, respectively, a predictive value of 92 per cent for positive samples and 80 per cent for negative samples. Specific anti-Giardia IgA serum levels showed a low sensitivity (57 per cent) and a predictive value for negative samples (53 ...
Summary Parenteral immunization of BALB/c mice at 3 months of age with inactivated influenza virus vaccine elicited a haemagglutinin (HA)-specific serum IgG antibody response. The magnitude of this response declined with advancing age at the time of vaccination. By contrast, HA-specific IgA and IgG antibody levels observed in lung lavage fluids of mice immunized at 1 and 2 years of age were comparable to those of 5 month old mice when inactivated influenza virus vaccine was administered intragastrically. The secretory immune response was not fully developed in the first 3 weeks of life. However, the HA-specific IgA and IgG responses to oral vaccination in sera were reduced in 1 or 2 year old mice when compared to 5 month old mice. These data demonstrated the preservation of the virus-specific secretory IgA response in the pulmonary fluids of aged mice after oral vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. An age-dependent difference of systemic and mucosal immunity was evident in orally
The intracellular fates of membrane and secretory immunoglobulin heavy chains were examined in a pre-B cell line that has switched to the gamma isotype. The membrane form of the heavy chain (gamma m) was rapidly degraded while the secretory form (gamma s) was retained intracellularly in association with BiP. The degradation of gamma m could not be inhibited by ammonium chloride, chloroquine, or monensin suggesting that it occurred in a nonlysosomal compartment. The inability to detect any Endo H-resistant form of gamma m before its degradation suggested that degradation occurs before entry into the Golgi compartment. Degradation of gamma m could be inhibited by incubation at 24 degrees C. In a derivative of this cell line expressing a transfected kappa gene, gamma s formed disulfide linked tetramers with kappa and was secreted, while gamma m, although associated with kappa, continued to be rapidly degraded. These observations suggest that membrane and secretory heavy chain proteins are retained ...
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is a subclass of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity. SIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions from tear glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, the respiratory system, the genito-urinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract. (1) SIgA is not synthesized by mucosal epithelial cells in these structures or derived from blood. Instead, it is produced by B-lymphocytes adjacent to the mucosal cells, then transported through the cell interiors, and released into the secretions from the cells. (2) SIgA plays a key role in protecting vulnerable areas such as the oral cavity, lungs, and gut from invading pathogens. (1) Differences in SIgA levels in the saliva from different glands have been observed in humans, with the highest levels found in the minor saliva glands. (2,3) SIgA exhibits a diurnal rhythm, decreasing from the highest levels in the morning to the lowest in the evening. (4) Read More... ...
The amino acid L-glutamine plays a key role in maintaining mucosal cell integrity and gut barrier function. L-Glutamine also enhances the guts immune function, in part by increasing the production of secretory immunoglobulin A, an antibody that promotes immune function. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), helps maintain normal intestinal permeability because it enhances mucus production and is involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans, the building blocks of the guts connective tissue. Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast that helps to decrease intestinal permeability. Like L-glutamine, this beneficial yeast exerts its protective effect on the GI tract by increasing the production of secretory immunoglobulin A. Bacillus coagulans is a safe and effective probiotic that survives in stomach acid and produces lactic acid in the intestine. The probiotics in Gastriplex can be very effective in helping to maintain a healthy GI tract in an animal. The botanical, slippery elm, which has ...
Mucosal surfaces like those present in the lung, gut, and mouth interface with distinct external environments. These mucosal gateways are not only portals of entry for potential pathogens but also homes to microbial communities that impact host health. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the single most abundant acquired immune component secreted onto mucosal surfaces and, via the process of immune exclusion, shapes the architecture of... ...
Are you becoming sensitive to an ever growing list of foods? Do you do lab testing only to have everything come back negative, despite clear and obvious reactions to foods. If so, you may have low SIgA levels.. SIgA refers to secretory immunoglobulin antibodies. The immune system makes antibodies to tag proteins to be destroyed and removed from the body. Antibodies tag dead and dying cells as a clean-up service. They also tag foreign invaders, or pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria for the immune system to attack and destroy.. In the case of an immune imbalance that leads to autoimmunity, they erroneously tag healthy tissue for destruction and removal. This is why you will see some positive antibodies on a test for autoimmunity, called the reference range. They are there to remove unhealthy or dead cells, but if there are too many that indicates an autoimmune process.. In the case of multiple food sensitivities, immune imbalances or poor digestion can cause an overzealous response in tagging ...
Viral proteins are highly antigenic and referred to as potent stimulators of adaptive immune responses. useful tool for the investigation of mucosal immune responses or autoimmune diseases and extends the spectrum of antibodies with specific effector functions. by hybridoma technology occur in a polymeric or dimeric form analogue to produced IgA [4]. The obtained secretory IgA antibodies were used for experimental studies of mucosal surfaces and microfold (M) cells in order to investigate bacterial and viral intestine infections. Additional investigations showed that secretory IgAs appear to have got an increased functional stability and activity than IgG counterparts [5]. For their particular effector features, IgA antibodies are of high scientific interest because they are impressive in recruiting polymorphonuclear cells for antibody reliant mobile cytotoxicity (ADCC) [6] and in improving respiratory system burst and phagocytosis of individual leukocytes [7]. These data reveal that antibodies ...
Our findings suggest that there is a critical window when a moms mental health can have a significant impact on the development of her infants gut microbiome and immune health, she added.. Although sIgA is also passed from moms to infants through breastmilk, the researchers found that breastfeeding did not change the relationship between maternal distress and lower sIgA levels in infants.. We also found that the lowest levels of sIgA occurred when infants were between four and eight months of age, the time they are starting to produce greater amounts of their own sIgA, added the studys first author, medical student Liane Kang (University of Alberta).. The researchers followed 1,043 newborn babies participating in the CHILD Cohort Study, building on their previous study that showed a general association between a mothers prenatal and postnatal distress and her childs sIgA levels.. PRESS RELEASE. , Folio story. ...
Antibiotics are designed to affect gut microbiota and subsequently gut homeostasis. However, limited information exists about short- and long-term effects of early antibiotic intervention (EAI) on gut homeostasis (especially for the small intestine) of pigs following antibiotic withdrawal. We investigated the impact of EAI on specific bacterial communities, microbial metabolites and mucosal immune parameters in the small intestine of later-growth-stage pigs fed with diets differing in CP levels. Eighteen litters of piglets were fed creep feed with or without antibiotics from day 7 to day 42. At day 42, pigs within each group were offered a normal- or low-CP diet. Five pigs per group were slaughtered at days 77 and 120. At day 77, EAI increased Enterobacteriaceae counts in the jejunum and ileum and decreased Bifidobacterium counts in the jejunum and ileum (P , 0.05). Moreover, tryptamine, putrescine, secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG concentrations in the ileum and interleukin-10 (IL-10) ...
CONLEY ME, DELACROIX DL. Intravascular and Mucosal Immunoglobulin A: Two Separate but Related Systems of Immune Defense?. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:892-899. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-892. Download citation file:. ...
The different states would appear to be distinct and self-explanatory: there are immune cells in the tumor (infiltrated), or they are pushed to the periphery (excluded), or they are absent (desert). The latter two states are often referred to as cold as opposed to the hot infiltrated state. It is common now to propose as a therapeutic strategy turning cold tumors hot. The problem is that these illustrated states are necessary over-simplifications. Thus, immune infiltration might suggest responsiveness to immune checkpoint therapy with anti-PD-(L)-1 antibodies, and indeed, one biomarker of tumor responsiveness is the presence of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. But in reality, many tumors are infiltrated with T cells that fail to respond to immune checkpoint therapy at all. The immune excluded phenotype, alluded to above with reference to the Wnt-beta catenin pathway, can be driven instead by TGF beta signaling, or other pathways. The immune desert may exist because of active immune exclusion, ...
An Examination of Procedure for Measuring Secretory IgA in Saliva and the Relationship Between Allergy and IgA Concentration in Students. (Kawasaki Medical Welfare Journal Vol.7,No.1,1997 Abstracts) (1998 ...
NEW YORK, March 6, 2013-- SIGA Technologies, Inc., a company specializing in the development of pharmaceutical agents to fight pathogens capable of use as bioweapons, today reported its financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2012.
Summary Acute Market Reportss, SIGA Technologies, Inc. - Product Pipeline Review - 2015, provides an overview of the SIGA Technologies, Inc.s
Objectives: A costly signaling model suggests tattooing inoculates the immune system to heightened vigilance against stressors associated with soft tissue damage. We sought to investigate this inoculation hypothesis of tattooing as a costly honest signal of fitness. We hypothesized that the immune system habituates to the tattooing stressor in repeatedly tattooed individuals and that immune response to the stress of the tattooing process would correlate with lifetime tattoo experience. Methods: Participants were 24 women and 5 men (aged 18-47). We measured immune function using secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and cortisol (sCORT) in saliva collected before and after tattoo sessions. We measured tattoo experience as a sum of number of tattoos, lifetime hours tattooed, years since first tattoo, percent of body covered, and number of tattoo sessions. We predicted an inverse relationship between SIgA and sCORT and less SIgA immunosuppression among those with more tattoo experience. We used ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Competent antigen-binding fragments (Fab) from secretory immunoglobulin A using Streptococcus sanguis immunoglobulin A protease.. AU - Mallett, C. P.. AU - Boylan, Robert. AU - Everhart, D. L.. PY - 1984. Y1 - 1984. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0021294860&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0021294860&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 6423284. AN - SCOPUS:0021294860. VL - 18. SP - 201. EP - 208. JO - Caries Research. JF - Caries Research. SN - 0008-6568. IS - 3. ER - ...
Relationship of total salivary immunoglobulins and specific salivary immunoglobulins to a food antigen in minor recurrent aphthous ...
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) plays an important role in the defence of the gastrointestinal tract. The level of faecal SIgA antibody is associated with increased neutralization and clearance of viruses. Formula-fed infants who lack the transfer of protective maternal SIgA from breast milk may benefit from strategies to support maturation of humoral immunity and endogenous production of SIgA. We aimed at studying the effects of standard, prebiotic and probiotic infant formulas on the faecal SIgA levels. At birth, infants of whom the mother had decided not to breastfeed were allocated to one of three formula groups in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Nineteen infants received standard infant formula; 19 received prebiotic formula containing a specific mixture of 0.6 g galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)/fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)/100 ml formula and 19 received probiotic formula containing 6.0 × 109 cfu Bifidobacterium animalis/100 ml formula. Faecal samples were taken on postnatal day 5, ...
The present studies were conducted to compare the levels of free secretory component (SC) in a number of rat mucosal secretions and to determine whether SC content varies significantly during the four stages of the estrous cycle. Levels of SC, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were markedly different in various external secretions. Bile contained the highest amount, irrespective of whether SC was normalized to volume or protein. Concentrations of SC in saliva or uterine fluid from intact rats were approximately 20- to 30-fold less than measured in bile. When SC levels were normalized to protein, the SC to protein ratios in uterine, vaginal, and respiratory secretions were six to 18 times greater than values calculated in salivary and small intestinal fluids. Analysis of SC levels in mucosal secretions during the estrous cycle indicated significant variations occur in uterine and vaginal samples, but not in saliva or small intestinal secretions. In the uterine lumen, SC levels were highest at ...
NAGAO, A T; RAMOS, O L; PEREIRA, Arnaldo Bueno. Immunoassays of secretory iga and secretory component. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Ribeirao Preto, v. 23, p. 211-24, 1990 ...
108Labs has announced the discovery of novel secretory antibody biosynthesis in the development of Colostrupedics™ whole-human infant formula.
The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms. The basic map of IgA production includes induction of mucosal B cells in the Peyers patches, circulation through the bloodstream and homing to intestinal mucosa of IgA-commited plasma cells, and local antibody production for export across the intestinal membranes. Multiple cytokines, including TGF-{beta}, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, are required to promote IgA class switching and terminal differentiation process of the B cells. Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes ...
The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms. The basic map of IgA production includes induction of mucosal B cells in the Peyers patches, circulation through the bloodstream and homing to intestinal mucosa of IgA-commited plasma cells, and local antibody production for export across the intestinal membranes. Multiple cytokines, including TGF-{beta}, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, are required to promote IgA class switching and terminal differentiation process of the B cells. Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes ...
The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms. The basic map of IgA production includes induction of mucosal B cells in the Peyers patches, circulation through the bloodstream and homing to intestinal mucosa of IgA-commited plasma cells, and local antibody production for export across the intestinal membranes. Multiple cytokines, including TGF-{beta}, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, are required to promote IgA class switching and terminal differentiation process of the B cells. Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes ...
Background and Aims: Host immune response is altered by a series of physiologic and pathologic factors like age, gender, inflammation, medical procedures, medication etc. S-IgA 3 months post treatment in the saliva of children in group B and group A were (144.27 5.32) and (164.0 3.23) g/ml respectively. While mean value of S-IgA after 6 months of treatment in group B and group A were (149.8 6.02) and (166.4 3.65) g/ml respectively. Conclusion: Salivary Immunoglobulin A level values were significantly higher statistically in both group A and group B post active orthodontic treatment than AC710 Mesylate before. The results however, showed that Group A (fixed orthodontic group) AC710 Mesylate showed statistically significant higher levels of S-IgA than Group B (removable orthodontic group). Active orthodontic treatment brought on a stronger stimulus for oral secretory immunity, hence the increase in levels were detected. There is a significant positive correlation between S-IgA and active fixed as ...
In vitro proteolytic cleavage of human IgA1. Human sIgA and human nasal secretions were proteolytically cleaved with recombinant IgA protease from N. gonorrhoeae. The digestion occurred in reaction buffer (50 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) for 20 hours at 37°C with an enzyme/protein ratio of 1:50 (wt/wt). Cleavage of IgA was confirmed by Western blot and anti-human IgA conjugated to alkaline phosphatase.. Human nasal secretion-binding assay. Adherence of different pneumococcal strains to human nasal fluid (hNF) was assessed in a solid-phase binding assay as previously described (13, 69). To generate homogeneous samples, hNF samples were sonicated for 1 second with an amplitude of 10. In brief, nasal mucus or protease-treated mucus (10 μg/well) was immobilized in PBS in a 96-well flat-bottom plate (Sarstedt) followed by centrifugation at 250 g for 3 minutes and incubation overnight at 37°C. The plates were gently washed 3 times with DMEM medium, and the wells were blocked with 0.1% ...
One of the key features of the experimental model of carriage used in this study was the availability of preinoculation samples. These sera permitted the identification of targets of newly acquired antibody from among the many antigens recognized by preexisting antibody in human serum and secretions. Results of this limited study in 14 adults failed to support the hypothesis that the susceptibility to carriage correlates with diminished levels of type-specific anti-PS antibody (3, 17). Instead, susceptibility to colonization was most closely associated with lack of preexisting systemic (serum IgG) and mucosal (nasopharyngeal sIgA) antibodies against a 22 kD protein subsequently identified as the first 159 amino acids of mature PspA. No other antigens with this characteristic could be detected when serum and nasal washes were screened by Western analysis, a technique limited in its sensitivity by the possibility of antibody against one protein obscuring another. In fact, if the clinical isolate ...
There have been many attempts to identify functional activity of serum or salivary antibodies in vitro and in addition some conclusions can be drawn from in
Compared to asymptomatic UTI, significantly more number of bacteria adhered to the epithelial cells of women with symptomatic UTI (P< 0.001). All cases of UTI had significantly high concentration of urinary IgG antibody to mixed coliform antigens. Asymptomatic UTI cases had higher concentrations of urinary IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to clinical isolate. Concentration of sIgA level was more in symptomatic UTI. Significant correlation was observed between urinary IgG and adherence of clinical isolate in case of asymptomatic UTI ...
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Summary Bactericidal activity of serum IgA and secretory IgA in the presence of serum fractions deficient in several components of complement has been demonstrated. Two new serum factors independent of the complement system are postulated to explain the bactericidal action of IgA.
Reactivity vs. Tolerance It is incompletely understood how mucosal immunity differentiates between pathogens and commensals or harmless environmental
Context: High levels of human secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) have been shown to decrease the incidence of acquiring upper respiratory tract infections. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has been shown to improve cardiac indices, increase lymph flow rates through the thoracic duct, and decrease sympathetic tone in postoperative patients and those in intensive care. Therefore, we hypothesized that OMT may also increase sIgA levels in people under high levels of emotional and psychological stress, thereby enhancing immunity and potentially preventing subsequent infections.. Objective: To determine if OMT increases sIgA levels in highly stressed individuals.. Methods: Twenty-five second-year osteopathic medical students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=12) or a control group (n=13). All participants were scheduled to take their national board examination (Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA) within 2 to 3 weeks after the experiment. After each ...
cts the small intestine, why would it affect breast milk composition? Although milk is produced by the mammary gland, some milk components may have their origins in the maternal gut. In fact, in a lactating female, the mammary gland develops a special relationship with the lymphatic (immune) system in the gut (called GALT, for gut associated lymphoid tissue); take, for example, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), the predominant antibody in human milk. Milk sIgA molecules are derived from maternal IgA antibodies directed against pathogens that the mother encountered in her own digestive tract. Damage to the villi that line the small intestine in mothers with celiac disease could influence maternal IgA production and, subsequently, the sIgA concentration in breast milk.. Another important consideration is the intimate connection between the maternal immune system and milk immune components. Celiac disease, like other autoimmune conditions, is associated with an inflammatory immune response. As a ...
Unique polypeptide chains have been isolated from S-sulfonated light-chain fractions of human serum immunoglobulin M and colostral immunoglobulin A. Their electrophoretic mobilities, molecular weights, peptide maps, amino acid compositions, and antigenic determinants are very similar or perhaps identical but differ from those of light chains and secretory piece.
Every mothers breast milk has slightly different amounts of two immune molecules: lactoferrin and secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Lactoferrin hangs out in our bodys mucus, in places like our noses, throats, and on the outsides of our organs. It is really good at binding to iron, an act that helps keep the iron away from any bacteria that might need it to survive. It is also pretty good at helping other immune cells grow and function properly.. Secretory Immunoglobulin A also hangs out around our mucus, stopping bacteria and viruses from sticking to our organs. It can also collect a bunch of bacteria and viruses into a big ball, which helps the body process and get rid of the bacteria and viruses. The researchers believe these immune molecules in mothers breastmilk may be playing two different roles: 1) In the protective role, the immune molecules are present in breast milk all of the time, so that illness can be prevented.. 2) In the responsive role, the immune molecules are added to ...
The tissue localization of cells containing 11 S external secretory IgA was investigated using rhodamine- or fluorescein-labeled antisera specific either for the heavy polypeptide chain of 7 S serum IgA (anti-IgA) or for the characteristic extra-antigenic determinants of 11 S secretory IgA (anti-Piece). Both anti-Piece and anti-IgA caused fluorescence of: 1) cells at the periphery of lymphoid follicles and lining the crypts of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils, and 2) scattered interstitial and serous acinar cells of the compound alveolar glands in the nasal submucosa and in the submaxillary and parotid salivary glands. Anti-IgA alone stained occasional cells in the lymphoid follicles of spleen and of lymph nodes taken from the lung, submandibular tissue and periaortic chain. Anti-Piece stained none of the latter tissues, and neither anti-Piece nor anti-IgA caused fluorescence of liver, pancreas or pulmonary alveolar cells.. When anti-IgA and anti-Piece, one labeled with fluorescein and the ...
Loss of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is common in the small airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Using mice that lack SIgA in the airways due to genetic deficiency of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR-/- mice), we investigated the role of neutrophils in driving the fibrotic small airway wall remodeling and emphysema that develops spontaneously in these mice. By flow cytometry, we found an increase in the percentage of neutrophils among CD45+ cells in the lungs, as well as an increase in total neutrophils, in pIgR-/- mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls ...
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) are important candidates for an alternative vaccine against pneumococcal infections. Since these antigens show variability, the use of variants that do not afford broad protection may lead to the selection of vaccine escape bacteria. Epitopes capable of inducing antibodies with broad cross-reactivities should thus be the preferred antigens. In this work, experiments using peptide arrays show that most linear epitopes recognized by antibodies induced in mice against different PspAs were located at the initial 44 amino acids of the mature protein and that antibodies against these linear epitopes did not confer protection against a lethal challenge. Conversely, linear epitopes recognized by antibodies to PspC included the consensus sequences involved in the interaction with human factor H and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Since linear epitopes of PspA were not protective, larger overlapping fragments containing 100 ...
Intestinal immunity is a relatively new term in relation to events and processes that precede human biology. Antigens need to be sampled, processed, and presented in such a way that enables the destruction of pathogens and tolerance of nonpathogens. Therefore, the rules governing intestinal immunity differ from those observed in systemic immunity. Cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) include conventional cells of the innate and adaptive immune system such as B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC), as well as more unusual antigen-presenting cells (APC) and lymphocytes unique to the GALT, such as intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). These cells have unique activation requirements, and they secrete, and are influenced by, a special array of cytokines and mediators. These unique cells and phenomena are discussed in this chapter. Tight junctions between epithelial cells function as potent exclusion
The mucosal regions of the body are responsible for defense against environmental pathogens. Particularly in the lumen of the gut, antibody-mediated immune responses are critical for preventing invasion by pathogens. In this chapter, we review structural studies that have illuminated various aspects of mucosal immunity. Crystal structures of IgA1-Fc and IgA-binding fragments of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and FcαRI, combined with models of intact IgA and IgM from solution scattering studies, reveal potential mechanisms for immune exclusion and induction of inflammatory responses. Other recent structures yield insights into bacterial mechanisms for evasion of the host immune response. ...
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest circulating antibody molecule in humans. It consists of a heavy chain (?-chain) and a light chain (κ- or λ-chain), as well as 5 base units and 10 binding sites, though it cannot bind all 10 simultaneously because of steric hindrance. IgM chain C refers to the constant region of the IgM heavy chain that is involved in immune regulation. IgM forms polymers by covalently linking multiple immunoglobulins together with disulfide bonds. It normally exists as a pentamer, but occasionally as a hexamer. Because of its polymeric nature, IgM has high avidity, and it is especially effective at complement activation. Due to its large size, IgM does not diffuse well, and it is found in the interstitium in very low amounts. IgM is mainly found in serum; however, because of the J chain, it is also important as a secretory immunoglobulin. IgM is the first immunoglobulin expressed by mature B cells, and it normally appears early in the course of an infection and does not ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Immune components of the intestinal mucosae of ageing and protein deficient mice. AU - Lim, T. S.. AU - Messiha, N.. AU - Watson, R. R.. PY - 1981/1/1. Y1 - 1981/1/1. N2 - The studies were designed to investigate the effect of ageing and low protein (4%) diet on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and IgA concentration in the intestine. Both ADCC activity and IgA concentration were shown to reach mature levels at 17 weeks old. The effect of ageing was greater on ADCC activity which showed a drastic drop in activity at 75 weeks old than IgA which had only a slight decline in concentration at this age. The low protein diet has a greater suppressive effect on IgA concentration than on ADCC activity. As the duration of feeding low protein to the young mice increased, greater decline in IgA concentration in the intestine was observed. There was, however, no significant difference from the normal mice in ADCC activity and IgA concentration of aged and adult mice given ...
Background: Anti-cancer pharmaceuticals frequently have adverse side effects on patients such as gastrointestinal involvement limiting their clinical applications. These effects may be controlled by nutritional interventions, however, there are few studies that have shown any mechanistic effects. In this study, we examined effects of diet enhanced with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal impairment and immunity in mice. Methods: C57Bl6 mice were randomized to control diet, control diet + EPA, control + DHA, control + fish oil, or diet enchanced with DHA/EPA. After seven days of each respective diet, mice, excluding those in the sham group, were treated with 10 mg/kg/day 5-FU for 7 days. The effects of 5-FU-induced impairment in the small intestine were assessed using cytokine concentrations in serum and tissue, secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, the length of the small intestine, and the expression of
IgA subclass antibodies have been reported in a few studies in patients with CAC. IgA antibodies and IgA1 antibodies were increased in comparison with the
Limitations on the recovery of damages contained in Pennsylvanias local governmental immunity statute -- but not in its sovereign-immunity law -- violate a plaintiffs constitutional guarantee of equal protection an attorney argued before the state Supreme Court Tuesday. The defendants countered that a legitimate governmental interest underlies local immunity as a protection from excessive jury verdicts.
We have evaluated a novel B-cell FluoroSpot assay for the analysis of antibody responses in healthy individuals vaccinated intramuscularly with Influenza A (H1N1) antigen (Pandemrix®, GlaxoSmithKline). Using the FluoroSpot assay and an ELISpot assay run in parallel for comparison, we measured the frequency of cells secreting antigen-specific as well as total IgG or IgA antibodies seven days post vaccination. The assays were based on high affinity monoclonal antibodies for capture and detection of human IgG and IgA. Whereas conventional ELISpot analyzes IgG- and IgA-secreting B cells separately, fluorescent detection enabled simultaneous enumeration of B cells secreting IgG or IgA in the same well. The FluoroSpot protocol was also simpler as the assay could be performed without the need for an amplifying detection step. While having all the advantages of a conventional ELISpot assay, including high sensitivity, robustness and ease of performance, the FluoroSpot assay adds further value in reducing costs
To confirm the expectation that the gut commensals of SPF SW and SPF C57BL6/N mice were diverse, 16S ribosomal sequencing analysis was undertaken. This characterization demonstrated that SPF SW mice harbored increased diversity of gut commensals when compared to the SPF C57BL6/N mice (Fig. 4A). Bacteroides was the most prominent genus in SW mice (Fig. 4B). We chose to evaluate the impact of the obligate anaerobe B. acidifaciens, an abundant gut commensal identified in SPF SW mice, on inducing IgA transcripts in the gut and EALT. Upon monocoloization, a 9.5-fold increase in IgA transcripts (P = 0.0328, 1-way ANOVA with Dunnetts comparisons test; Fig. 5) was noted in the colons at 21 days relative to day 0. Interestingly, LG IgA mRNA transcript levels at 21 days also increased 4.8-fold (P = 0.0001, 1-way ANOVA with Dunnetts comparison) relative to day 0. Gut SIgA protein levels increased after 14 days (51 ng/mL, P = 0.0001, 1-way ANOVA with Dunnetts multiple comparisons test) than that of day ...
Symbiotics Colostrum High Ig guarantees a minimum 40% level of Immunoglobulins for people who want extra support from this specialized Colostrum component. Thats 20 times the level in normal human Colostrum!. Colostrum High IG is for those with GI tract stress and for athletes or others whose bodies are under sustained physical stress.. Symbiotics Colostrum High-IG includes the full range of immune factors including IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM, as well as IgG, for dual action in the bloodstream and also in the GI tract. It helps maintain healthy intestinal flora.* Its growth factors may enhance stamina and support normal re-growth of tissue and lean muscle after strenuous physical exercise.*. Quality and Purity Assured. Our colostrum is sourced exclusively from the first milking of cows not treated with rBST** at USDA Grade A Dairies. All colostrum is laboratory tested and verified free from pesticides and antibiotics. Each bottle is double sealed for quality and safety. If either seal is broken or ...
HIV-1 infection and mucosal immunity are intimately interrelated. Since the acquisition of HIV-1 primarily occurs through mucosal routes, local immunity at the...
MAX QUANTITY OF 3 PER ORDER CLINICAL APPLICATIONS Helps Maintain Gastrointestinal Balance Increases Secretory IgA for Enhanced Gut Immunity Supports Bowel Regularity Supports Digestion and Micronutrient Absorption OVERVIEW The GI tract is a finely balanced environment where roughly 500 different strains of bacteria com
The goal of this proposal is to elucidate the mechanisms by which the adjuvant GM-CSF enhances vaccine induced IgG and IgA responses against SIV. These studies...
SIGA Technologies has begun enrolling the second and final cohort of healthy subjects for Phase III clinical study for its lead drug candidate, TPOXX
So out of my 5 kids no one tested true positive as celiac. Here are the results all together: 10yo girl: Total IgA Ref Range 52-290 mg/dL ...
Introduction. This week Id like to highlight a new study being conducted on the Linux development process. You can find out all about it at http://www.psychologie.uni-kiel.de/linux-study/. Essentially their plan consists first of developing a questionnaire via group participation in a mailing list; next, presenting the questionnaire on the internet so people can write in their answers; and finally, making the raw data obtained and their own findings available to the public.. In some ways this experiment itself is an Open Source project, so the scientists may find themselves filling out their own questionnaire. I hope they preserve the mailing list archives.. I suppose I should say something about the Microsoft verdict, but its a little noisy here because of all the popping champaign corks. Hey guys! Hold it down! Tom, take that lampshade off your head!. Cant take them anywhere. ;-). Oh yeah, Microsoft. Well, its been a tremendous break for Linux that MS has had to restrict itself to largely ...