To date,hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is refractory, including after carbon monoxide poisoning, cardiopulmonary resuscitation,hemorrhagic shock and cerebral infarction etc. We used Mesenchymal Stem Cells via portal vein infusion method to treat hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. With different durations of follow-up, we cleared therapeutic effect, the quality of life and prognostic implications of the cord blood stem cell infusion on hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and evaluated the adverse reactions, through the neurological function score (NIHSS３Barthel Index), cognitive score (MoCA, MMSE),and the international uniform Parkinson Rating Scale score (UPDRS). Here, we seek new means for the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and provide the basis for clinical for further application of umbilical cord blood derived Mesenchymal stem cells.. On the basis of conventional therapy, at the same time, selected patients were given by intravenous infusion of umbilical cord blood stem cells ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with whole-body cooling. AU - Ennen, Christopher S.. AU - Huisman, Thierry A.G.M.. AU - Savage, William J.. AU - Northington, Frances J.. AU - Jennings, Jacky M.. AU - Everett, Allen D.. AU - Graham, Ernest M.. N1 - Funding Information: J.M.J. is supported by National Institute of Drug Abuse Grant no. K01 DA022298-01A1 . The other authors report no conflict of interest. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2011/9. Y1 - 2011/9. N2 - Objective: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is specific to astrocytes in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that serum GFAP would be increased in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with whole-body cooling. Study Design: We measured GFAP at birth and daily for up to 7 days for neonates in the intensive care unit. We compared neonates with HIE treated with whole-body cooling to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Reduction in cerebral blood flow volume in infants complicated with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy resulting in cerebral palsy. AU - Fukuda, Sumio. AU - Mizuno, Keisuke. AU - Kawai, Satomi. AU - Kakita, Hiroki. AU - Goto, Tatenobu. AU - Hussein, Mohamed Hamed. AU - Daoud, Ghada A.. AU - Ito, Tetsuya. AU - Kato, Ineko. AU - Suzuki, Satoshi. AU - Togari, Hajime. PY - 2008/4/1. Y1 - 2008/4/1. N2 - Hypoxic ischemic brain can result in cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and learning disabilities in surviving children. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the cerebral blood flow volume in infants complicated with brain damage after the birth. Nine term infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and 41 normal term infants were studied. Four infants with HIE suffered from CP or mental retardation, and the other five infants exhibited normal neurodevelopment. The mean blood flow velocity and diameter of the internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery were measured for 28 ...

Dive into the research topics of Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia are associated with unfavourable outcome in infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: A post hoc analysis of the CoolCap Study. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Servo controlled versus manual cooling methods in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. AU - Buchiboyina, Ashok. AU - Ma, Eric. AU - Yip, Andrew. AU - Wagh, Deepika. AU - Tan, Jason. AU - McMichael, Judy. AU - Bulsara, Max K.. AU - Rao, Shripada. PY - 2017/9/1. Y1 - 2017/9/1. N2 - Background Therapeutic hypothermia is known to improve outcomes in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). There are no studies that have compared servo controlled cooling (SCC) versus manually controlled cooling (MCC) methods in HIE. Aim To compare the outcomes of SCC versus MCC in neonates with HIE. Methods and outcome measures Between Jan 2008 and May 2011, MCC with cool-gel packs was used to achieve rectal temperatures of 33.5 to 34.5 °C in our units. Subsequently, we changed to SCC to achieve rectal temperatures of 33 to 34 °C. 105 neonates received SCC whereas 95 received MCC. Retrospective study with multivariate analysis was conducted comparing thermoregulation (primary ...

One of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children is perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In spite of the advances in neonatology, its incidence is not diminishing, generating a pediatric population that will require an extended amount of chronic care throughout their lifetime. For this reason, new and more effective neuroprotective strategies are urgently required, in order to minimize as much as possible the neurological consequences of this encephalopathy. In this sense, interest has grown in the neuroprotective possibilities of melatonin, as this hormone may help to maintain cell survival through the modulation of a wide range of physiological functions. Although some of the mechanisms by which melatonin is neuroprotective after neonatal asphyxia remain a subject of investigation, this review tries to summarize some of the most recent advances related with its use as a therapeutic drug against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, supporting the high interest in this indoleamine as

We performed unilateral carotid artery occlusion on postnatal day 7-10 CD-1 mouse pups to create a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model ...

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity during the perinatal period, and currently no therapeutic drug is available. Minocycline, an antibiotic, has recently been shown to have neuroprotective effects distinct from its antimicrobial effect in several neurological disorders including ischemic brain injury. We examined the effect of minocycline on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by using histologic scoring in both mouse and rat models. Mouse (C57Bl/6) and rat (SD) pups were exposed to a unilateral hypoxic-ischemic insult at 8 and 7 days of age, respectively. Minocycline hydrochloride was administered according to protocols that were reported to provide neuroprotection in adult or neonatal rats. Seven days after the insult, we examined brain injury in Nissl stained sections. Although minocycline ameliorated brain injury in the developing rat, it increased injury in the developing mouse. This detrimental effect in the mouse was consistent across ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Long-term histological outcome after post-hypoxic treatment with 100% or 40% oxygen in a model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. AU - Grafe, Marjorie. AU - Woodworth, K. Nina. AU - Noppens, Kristin. AU - Perez-Polo, J. Regino. PY - 2008/2. Y1 - 2008/2. N2 - Hypoxic newborns have traditionally been given supplemental oxygen, and until recently, guidelines for neonatal resuscitation recommended that 100% oxygen be used. Exposure to 100% oxygen after hypoxic injury, however, may exacerbate oxidative stress. The current study evaluated the effect of exposure to 100, 40 or 21% oxygen after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury on the severity of brain injury after long-term survival. The severity of histological brain injury was not different in animals exposed to 100% oxygen versus room air. Male animals treated with 40% oxygen post-hypoxia had the lowest mean total histology scores, but this was not statistically significant due to the large variation in injury within each ...

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a relatively common malignant complication that occurs in newborn infants, but promising therapies remain limited. In this study, we focused on the role of miR-326 and its target gene δ-opioid receptor (DOR) in the pathogenesis of neonatal HIBD. The expression levels of miR-326 and DOR after hypoxic-ischemic injury were examined both in vivo and in vitro. The direct relationship between miR-326 and DOR was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Further, effects of miR-326 on cell viability and apoptosis levels under oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were analyzed. The expression levels of miR-326 were significantly lower and DOR levels were significantly higher in the HIBD group than the control group both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of miR-326 downregulated the expression of DOR, while suppression of miR-326 upregulated the expression of DOR. The dual-luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that DOR could be directly targeted and regulated by

우리는 출생 후 하루에 일방적인 경 동맥 폐색을 수행 7-10 CD-1 신생아 hypoxic-허 혈 성 (HI) 모델을 만드는 새끼 마우스와 뇌 손상의 영향을 조사. 우리는 운영 되지 않은 정상 쥐에 비해 이러한 마우스...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Restricted diffusion in the corpus callosum in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. AU - Takenouchi, Toshiki. AU - Heier, Linda A.. AU - Engel, Murray. AU - Perlman, Jeffrey M.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2010/9. Y1 - 2010/9. N2 - Restricted diffusion within the splenium of the corpus callosum was described in various conditions, but is not a prominent finding in magnetic resonance imaging after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Perinatal characteristics were reviewed in 42 term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with selective head cooling. Neonatal images of 34 infants were reviewed. Ten of 34 (29%) infants demonstrated restricted diffusion changes within the splenium of the corpus callosum, with a significantly higher incidence of death or severe developmental delay, compared with infants without changes in the splenium of the corpus callosum (n = 24) (P = 0.002). The positive predictive value of changes in ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of The influence of growth retardation on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal damage induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and prolonged febrile convulsions in immature rats. AU - Byeon, Jung Hye. AU - Kim, Gun Ha. AU - Kim, Joo Yeon. AU - Sun, Woong. AU - Kim, Hyun. AU - Eun, Baik Lin. PY - 2015/7/1. Y1 - 2015/7/1. N2 - Objective: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and prolonged febrile seizures (pFS) are common neurologic problems that occur during childhood. However, there is insufficient evidence from experimental studies to conclude that pFS directly induces hippocampal injury. We studied cognitive function and histological changes in a rat model and investigated which among pFS, HIE, or a dual pathologic effect is most detrimental to the health of children. Methods: A rat model of HIE at postnatal day (PD) 7 and a pFS model at PD10 were used. Behavioral and cognitive functions were investigated by means of weekly open field tests from postnatal week (PW) 3 to PW7, and by daily testing with the ...

To examine the blood glucose profile and the relationship between blood glucose levels and neurodevelopmental outcome in term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Blood glucose values within 72 hours of birth were collected from 52 term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Hypoglycaemia [| 46.8 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)] and hyperglycaemia [| 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L)] were correlated to neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months of age. Four fifths of the 468 blood samples were in the normoglycaemic range (392/468:83.8%). Of the remaining 76 samples, 51.3% were in the hypoglycaemic range and (48.7%) were hyperglycaemic. A quarter of the hypoglycaemic samples (28.2%:11/39) and a third of the hyperglycaemic samples (32.4%:12/37) were recorded within the first 30 minutes of life. Mean (SD) blood glucose values did not differ between infants with normal and abnormal outcomes [4.89(2.28) mmol/L and 5.02(2.35) mmol/L, p value = 0.15] respectively. In term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy,

99768 avhandlingar från svenska högskolor och universitet. Avhandling: Birth asphyxia : Fetal scalp blood sampling and risk factors for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Purpose : We demonstrate use of bedside eye imaging to detect severity of retinal abnormalities in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In prior neurodevelopmental research retinal findings on OCT were linked to brain injury and poor outcomes in preterm infants. We hypothesize that retinal injury will reflect patterns and severity of brain injury due to HIE. Methods : We used a hand-held, bedside, non-contact spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) imaging system (Envisu 2300, Bioptigen, North Carolina) under a protocol approved by Duke Institutional Review Board and after obtaining consent from a parent/guardian. All infants were imaged without pharmacologic dilation. Eligible preterm and term infants with HIE were imaged within 24 hours of hypothermia initiation (cooling), 72 hours after birth (re-warming), 5 days (time of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI)) and weekly thereafter until discharged depending on the systemic stability of the infant. We compared retinal ...

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Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is a dramatic perinatal complication due to brain asphyxia. Neurological and neurosensory sequelae are frequent in survivors, due to neuronal damage and loss.. Currently, only total or partial body hypothermia can partially prevent cell loss. However, no treatment exists to restore neuronal functions.. Cord blood stem cells are a promising treatment for the near future.. The primary objective of this study is to test the safety and feasibility of a curative treatment with autologous cord blood stem cell in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.. The secondary objectives are to test the efficacy of this curative treatment with cell with neurogenic potential on the prevention of neurologic sequelae, as well as to test the optimum timing of cell preparation administration ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Neuroprotective effect of lacosamide on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), sodium butyrate (SB), has been shown to be neuroprotective in adult brain injury models. Potential explanation for the inhibitor action involves among others reduced inflammation. We therefore anticipated that SB will provide a suitable option for brain injury in immature animals. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms of protection afforded by SB after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is associated with anti-inflammatory action. We examined the effect of SB on the production of inflammatory factors including analysis of the microglial and astrocytic cell response. We also examined the effect of SB on molecular mediators that are crucial for inducing cerebral damage after ischemia (transcription factors, HSP70, as well as pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins). Seven-day-old rat pups were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 60 min of hypoxia (7.6% O2). SB (300 mg/kg) was administered in a 5-day regime with the first

Hypoxic ischemia brain injury occurring during the neonatal period leads to severe neurodevelopmental impairments such as cerebral palsy, which is associated with damage to the striatum (Brucknerová et al., 2006; Chalmers, 2005; Obenaus and Ashwal, 2008). Dopamine is implicated as an endogenous substance that mediates neuronal death after hypoxic ischemic insult (Adair and Filloux, 1992).. The present study showed that the hypoxic ischemia brain injury induced extensive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a loss of dopaminergic fibers in the striatum. Hypoxic ischemia brain injury also deteriorated spatial learning ability in the Morris-water maze test. Burke et al. (1992) reported that neonatal hypoxic ischemia injury on postnatal 7 days resulted in a decrease in the TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of the neonatal and adult rats. The Rice-Vannucci model reduced the number of TH-positive cell bodies in the substantia nigra of the 4 weeks old rats (Oo ...

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic insults are a significant cause of pediatric encephalopathy, developmental delays, and spastic cerebral palsy. Although the developing brains plasticity allows for remarkable self-repair, severe disruption of normal myelination and cortical development upon neonatal brain injury are likely to generate life-persisting sensory-motor and cognitive deficits in the growing child. Currently, no treatments are available that can address the long-term consequences. Thus, regenerative medicine appears as a promising avenue to help restore normal developmental processes in affected infants. Stem cell therapy has proven effective in promoting functional recovery in animal models of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury and therefore represents a hopeful therapy for this unmet medical condition. Neural stem cells derived from pluripotent stem cells or fetal tissues as well as umbilical cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells have all shown initial success in improving functional ...

Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in human infants presents a complex clinical problem in that no standardized treatment currently exists. With an understanding of the cellular and metabolic changes brought about during hypoxia-ischemia in the immature brain, researchers can better understand the course of damage caused by ischemia. Such damage was induced in young rats in an attempt to learn more about the mechanisms of hypoxia-ischemia. Seven-day-old rat pups underwent permanent unilateral carotid artery ligation and then were exposed to systemic hypoxia. At 15 days of postnatal age, researchers used neuropathologic analysis, gross examination, and staining of brain slices to assess the severity of damage from hypoxia-ischemia. Hypoxic preconditioning appeared to reduce or prevent tissue damage during a subsequent hypoxic-ischemic event.

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GW Pharmaceuticals plc has announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted orphan drug designation for Cannabidiol (CBD) for use in treating newborn children with...

The purpose of this study is to develop a new automated system to classify susceptibility weighted images (SWI) obtained to evaluate neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic injury, by detecting and analyzing ridges within these images. SW images can depict abnormal cerebral venous contrast as a consequence of abnormal blood flow, perfusion and thus oxygenation in babies with HIE. In this research, a dataset of SWI-MRI images, acquired from 42 infants with HIE during the neonatal period, features are obtained based on ridge analysis of SW images including the width of blood vessels, the change in intensity of the veins pixels in comparison with neighboring pixels, the length of blood vessels and Hessian eigenvalues for ridges are extracted. Normalized histogram parameters in the single or combined features are used to classify SWIs by kNN and random forest classifiers. The mean and standard deviation of the classification accuracies are derived by randomly selecting 11 datasets ten times from those with ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hypoxia-Ischemia and Hypothermia Independently and Interactively Affect Neuronal Pathology in Neonatal Piglets with Short-Term Recovery. AU - OBrien, Caitlin E.. AU - Santos, Polan T.. AU - Kulikowicz, Ewa. AU - Reyes, Michael. AU - Koehler, Raymond C.. AU - Martin, Lee J.. AU - Lee, Jennifer K.. PY - 2019/9/1. Y1 - 2019/9/1. N2 - Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of clinical care for moderate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. We investigated the independent and interactive effects of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and temperature on neuronal survival and injury in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex in neonatal piglets. Male piglets were randomized to receive HI injury or sham procedure followed by 29 h of normothermia, sustained hypothermia induced at 2 h, or hypothermia with rewarming during fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Viable and injured neurons and apoptotic profiles were counted in the anterior putamen, posterior putamen, and motor cortex at 29 h after HI injury ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Incidence and prediction of outcome in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in Japan. AU - Hayakawa, Masahiro. AU - Ito, Yushi. AU - Saito, Shigeru. AU - Mitsuda, Nobuaki. AU - Hosono, Sigeharu. AU - Yoda, Hitoshi. AU - Cho, Kazutoshi. AU - Otsuki, Katsufumi. AU - Ibara, Satoshi. AU - Terui, Katsuo. AU - Masumoto, Kouji. AU - Murakoshi, Takeshi. AU - Nakai, Akihito. AU - Tanaka, Mamoru. AU - Nakamura, Tomohiko. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Background Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most critical pathologic conditions in neonatal medicine due to the potential for neurological deficits in later life. We investigated the incidence of term infants with moderate or severe HIE in Japan and identified prognostic risk factors for poor outcome in HIE. Methods Data on 227 infants diagnosed with moderate or severe HIE and born between January and December 2008 were collected via nationwide surveys from 263 responding hospitals. Using logistic regression, we examined the ...

This article summarized findings of current preclinical studies that implemented hydrogen administration, either in the gas or liquid form, as treatment application for neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI), surgically induced brain injury (SBI), stroke, and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain insult (HI). Most reviewed studies demonstrated neuroprotective effects of hydrogen administration. Even though anti-oxidative potentials have been reported in several studies, further neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen therapy remain to be elucidated. Hydrogen may serve as an adjunct treatment for neurological disorders.

Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the most common cause of cerebral palsy, and an important consequence of perinatal HI is epilepsy. Epilepsy is a disorder in which the balance between cerebral excitability and inhibition is tipped toward uncontrolled excitability. Selected neuronal circuits as well as certain populations of glial cells die from the excitotoxicity triggered by HI. Excitotoxicity, a term referring to cell death caused by overstimulation of the excitatory glutamate neurotransmitter receptors, plays a critical role in brain injury caused by perinatal HI. Ample evidence suggests distinct differences between the immature and mature brain with respect to the pathology and consequences of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Thus, the intrinsic vulnerability of specific cell types and systems in the developing brain is particularly important in determining the final pattern of damage and functional disability caused by perinatal HI. These patterns of neuronal vulnerability are associated ...

DISCUSSION. This study reports on a three-year experience of administering hypothermia therapy to asphyxiated newborns in a tertiary-level university hospital. The criteria for infant inclusion and exclusion were based on previous studies on safety. The gestational age for inclusion in the study (more than 35 weeks) made it possible to differentiate encephalopathy attributed to perinatal hypoxia from other problems relating to prematurity.17 Hypothermia is applied within the first six hours of life because this is the therapeutic window within which the neu-roprotective effect relating to reduction of cerebral metabolism, reduction of excitatory neurotransmitter activity, suppression of free radical release, inhibition of the apoptotic process and reduction of the release of inflammatory mediators is most effective. In general, the efficacy of the neuroprotective effect diminishes if the cooling period starts after the therapeutic window, but evidence suggests that the neurological injury in HIE ...

Background:Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of mortality and disability in the newborn. The authors investigated the protective effects of argon combined with hypothermia on neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Methods:In in vitro studies, rat cortical neuronal cell cultures we

Boriosi JP, Sapru A, Hanson JH, Asselin J, Gildengorin G, Newman V, Sabato K, Flori HR. Efficacy and safety of lung recruitment in pediatric patients with acute lung injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2010 Nov 4.. Cengiz P, Kleman N, Uluc K, Kendigelen P, Hagemann T, Akture E, Messing A, Ferrazzano P, Sun D. Inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) Exchanger Isoform 1 Is Neuroprotective in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Dec 4.. Kleman NW, Sun D, Cengiz P. Mechanisms underlying neonatal hypoxia ischemia. The Open Drug Discovery Journal. 2010; 2:129-137.. Liu Y, Kintner DB, Begum G, Algharabli J, Cengiz P, Shull GE, Liu XJ, Sun D. Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial Cyt c release in astrocytes following oxygen and glucose deprivation. J Neurochem. 2010 Sep 1;114(5):1436-46.. Amann M, Regan MS, Kobitary M, Eldridge MW, Boutellier U, Pegelow DF, Dempsey JA. Impact of pulmonary system limitations on locomotor muscle fatigue in patients with COPD. Am J Physiol Regul ...

Fetal goiter is a rare potential cause of airway obstruction and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury or death.1 MR imaging evaluation of the enlarged gland and airway can provide information crucial to perinatal management. Because the neuroradiologist may be required to apply expertise in MR imaging and in head and neck anatomy to these cases, we describe imaging findings in fetal goiter and discuss fetal MR imaging protocol optimization.. Screening sonography of the 33-week fetus of a woman with Graves disease on propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy revealed a homogeneous 5.3-cm bilobed anterior neck mass suspicious for goiter and mild polyhydramnios. The distal femoral ossification center was not seen, and fetal heart rate was normal. The PTU dose was reduced, and subsequent fetal MR imaging (Fig 1) at 34.5 weeks gestation demonstrated a T1 hyperintense and T2 low-intensity bilobed anterior neck mass consistent with goiter, slightly decreased in size. The airway was poorly visualized at the ...

Patterns of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Hypothermia improves survival and neurodevelopment in newborns with moderate to severe HIE.Total body cooling and selective head cooling are effective methods in treating newborns with HIE. Clinicians should consider offering therapeutic hypothermia as part of routine clinical care to these newborns …

Sekhon, Ainslie and Griesdale identify Cerebral Oedema as one of the factors relevant to secondary brain injury after Hypoxic Ischaemic Brain Injury (HIBI). The authors note that Cerebral Oedema leads to intracranial hypertension which leads to Decreasing Cerebral Perfusion Pressure which leads to Decreasing Cerebral Blood Flow which leads to Reduced regional oxygen saturation…

Ann Marie Looney is a HRB funded PhD student working within the Neonatal Brain Research Group, Cork University Maternity Hospital. She graduated with a BSc (Hons) Neuroscience, University College Cork in 2009 and was awarded her Master of Science in 2012 for a joint project between the Department of Paediatric and Child Health and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology through the Anu Research Centre, Cork University Maternity Hospital. Focusing on Neonatal Asphyxia and Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, this project examined the feasibility of using placental biopsies to obtain a potential biomarker for the condition.. Ann Marie is currently working in the area of detection and validation of potential cord blood Biomarkers for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, through the BiHIvE 2 project. Her PhD has a specific focus on the miRNA profile of cord blood from the asphyxiated neonate ...

The contribution of heme oxygenase (HO)-linked pathways to neurodegeneration following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains unclear. We investigated whether HO modulators affected HI-induced brain damage and explored potential mechanisms involved.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits (social communication and social interaction) and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The cause and development of autism spectrum disorder is not completely understood by the medical community.

Excitotoxic mechanisms in the neuron and astrocyte. In the neuron, glutamate is released from the pre-synaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft. The glutamate

Excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor overactivation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. During cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, the uptake of glutamate the major excitato... more

OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome for children after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) without major disability, and to examine neonatal injury patterns detected on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in relation to later deficits. STUDY DESIGN: Prospectively enrolled children with HIE and neonatal cerebral MRI data (n = 68) were examined at a mean age of 11.2 years (range, 8.2-15.7 years). Eleven children had a major disability (ie, cerebral palsy or mental retardation). Brain injury was scored according to the region and extent of injury. RESULTS: Children without major disability (n = 57) had lower full-scale and performance IQ scores compared with norms (P = .02 and .01, respectively), and the proportion of children with an IQ ,85 was higher than expected (P = .04). Motor performance on the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment was affected in the pure motor, adaptive fine motor, and gross motor domains, as well as in the movement quality domain (all P , ...

Free Consultation - Call (410) 889-1850 - Arfaa Law Group helps victims and their families receive compensation for their injuries in Birth Injury and Medical Malpractice cases. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy - Baltimore Birth Injury Lawyer

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is a birth injury that can occur as a result of medical malpractice. If your baby suffered HIE, contact our Michigan birth injury lawyers for a free consultation. 616.278.0888.

Michigan Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) Lawyers & Neonatal ICU Attorneys | The award-winning birth injury lawyers at Reiter & Walsh Discuss the NICU.

The role of pentoxifylline on neuroprotection in neonatal rat model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury., Hülya Halis, Narin Liman, Osman Batu, Tamer Güne

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of hypoxia-ischemia during the perinatal period leads to neuronal damage resulting in behavioral and psychological dysfunctions, cerebral palsy, epilepsy or even death. Despite the critical clinical and socio-economic consequences of perinatal brain damage, no effective clinical therapeutic strategy has yet to be developed. Herein, we sought to determine if hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is able to offer neuroprotectivity against a hypoxia-ischemia insult. METHODS: Seven-day-old rat pups were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2-2.5 hrs of hypoxia (8percent O2 at 37aC). Pups were treated with 100percent oxygen one hour after the hypoxia-ischemia insult in an HBO chamber pressurized to 3 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for a duration of 1hr. Brain injury was assessed by brain weight (ipsilateral/contralateral) , light microscopy, and sensorimotor functional tests 2wks, 5wks, and 6wks after hypoxia-ischemia. Apoptotic cell death was examined by EM, TUNEL ...

Supplementary Material for: Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Prevents Cerebral Palsy following Hypoxia-Ischemia in Fetal Rabbits: Comparison between JI-8 and 7-Nitroindazole

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder usually occurring early in life and persisting through the whole life. Several risk factors, including perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), may contribute to occurrence of CP in preterm infants. DNA hydroxymethylation has been shown to play an important role in neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the effect of DNA hydroxymethylation in CP remains unknown. The aim of this study is to explore whether and how DNA hydroxymethylation is involved in CP pathogenesis. We observed that overall 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) abundance in the cortex of the temporal lobe of rat pups was decreased significantly after hypoxic-ischemic injury, and the reduced expression of Tet1 and Tet2 enzymes might be responsible for this change. Identified differential hydroxymethylation regions (DhMRs) were richly involved in multiple signaling pathways related to neuronal development and function. Furthermore, we found that reduced 5hmC modification on the

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Impaired blood-brain barrier function represents a significant component of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the perinatal period. Banks, W. A., Stonestreet, B. S. AntiCIL-6 neutralizing antibody modulates blood-brain barrier function in the ovine fetus. mAb attenuate ischemia-reperfusionCrelated increases in BBB permeability in sheep fetuses (16). However, the role of IL-6 after injury in the immature brain has been studied much less extensively than those of IL-1and TNF-in the immature brain. We recently generated pharmacologic quantities of a highly selective, ovine-specific antiCIL-6 mAb and antiCIL-1mAb. The neutralizing abilities of these mAbs have previously been confirmed in ovine splenic mononuclear cell cultures (35). Moreover, we recently demonstrated that infusions of an antiCIL-1mAb result in the uptake of the antiCIL-1mAb into the brain and attenuate ischemia-reperfusionCrelated increases in BBB permeability in ovine fetal brain using the preclinical translational fetal sheep model ...

Cerebral hypoxia is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is completely deprived of oxygen, it is called cerebral anoxia. There are four categories of cerebral hypoxia; they are, in order of severity: diffuse cerebral hypoxia (DCH), focal cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, and global cerebral ischemia. Prolonged hypoxia induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis, resulting in a hypoxic brain injury. Cases of total oxygen deprivation are termed anoxia, which can be hypoxic in origin (reduced oxygen availability) or ischemic in origin (oxygen deprivation due to a disruption in blood flow). Brain injury as a result of oxygen deprivation either due to hypoxic or anoxic mechanisms are generally termed hypoxic/anoxic injuries (HAI). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition that occurs when the entire brain is deprived of an adequate oxygen supply, but the deprivation is not total. While HIE is associated in most cases with ...

The new findings of the present study are: (1) perinatal nicotine exposure significantly increases brain vulnerability to HI injury in male rat pups, but not in female pups; (2) this heightened vulnerability is associated with sex-specific reprogramming of AT1R and AT2R expression patterns in the developing brain; (3) both AT1R and AT2R are implicated in the pathogenesis of HI brain injury and exhibit the neuroprotective effect in neonatal brains; (4) downregulation of AT2R in the developing brain plays a causal role in nicotine-induced, heightened brain vulnerability to HI injury in neonatal rats; and (5) increased methylation of CpG locus 3 bases upstream of TATA-box at the AT2R promoter is a mechanism of nicotine-mediated AT2R gene repression.. The present finding that perinatal nicotine exposure increased brain HI injury in neonates is novel and suggests a risk factor of maternal cigarette smoking in heightened brain HIE vulnerability in newborns. The nicotine dose used in the present study ...

Background: Neonatal hypoxic ischemic (HI) insult is a leading cause of disability and death in newborns, with therapeutic hypothermia being the only currently available clinical intervention. Thus there is a great need for adjunct and novel treatments for enhanced or alternative post-HI neuroprotection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have recently been shown to exhibit regenerative effects in various injury models. Here we present findings showing neuroprotective effects of MSC-derived EVs in the Rice-Vannucci model of severe HI-induced neonatal brain insult ...

A new study shows how high-dose erythropoietin (EPO) can work together with hypothermia therapy to help babies with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of death and disability in neonates. HI leads to a dramatic rise in intracellular calcium levels, which was originally thought to be detrimental to the brain. However, it has been increasingly recognized that this calcium signaling may also play an important protective role after injury by triggering endogenous neuroprotective pathways. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase ß (CaMKK ß) is a major kinase activated by elevated levels of intracellular calcium. Here we evaluated the functional role of CaMKK ß in neonatal mice after HI in both acute and chronic survival experiments. Postnatal day ten wild-type (WT) and CaMKK ß knockout (KO) mouse male pups were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation, followed by 40 min of hypoxia (10% O2 in N2). STO-609, a CaMKK inhibitor, was administered intraperitoneally to WT mice at 5 minutes after HI. TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate) staining was used to assess ...

Beth Diehl, DNP NNP-BC CCRN® LNCC®, and Hope McKendree, MSN NNP-BC CRNP. Perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects 12 term neonates per 1,000 live births and can lead to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes as well as mortality (Bourque et al., 2018). The literature shows that therapeutic hypothermia is most efficacious in infants with moderate to severe HIE, prompting improved outcomes and survival (Lumba, Mally, Espiritu, & Wachtel, 2018). When initiated in the first 6 hours of life, therapeutic hypothermia is considered the gold standard for providing neuroprotection in the neonate born with HIE (Stafford, Hagan, Sitler, Fernandes, & Kaiser, 2017).. Therapeutic hypothermia typically is provided in level III and/or IV neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), such as Johns Hopkins Hospital and the University of Maryland Medical Center, which support the Maryland Regional Neonatal Transport Program (MRNTP). Therefore, neonates born with HIE at level I and II NICUs across the United ...

BACKGROUND: Current definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI) are not sufficiently sensitive to identify all newborns with AKI during the first week of life. METHODS: To determine whether the rate of decline of serum creatinine (SCr) during the first week of life can be used to identify newborns with AKI, we reviewed the medical records of 106 term neonates at risk of AKI who were treated with hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). RESULTS: Of the newborns enrolled in the study, 69 % showed a normal rate of decline of SCr to ≥50 % and/or reached SCr levels of ≤0.6 mg/dl before the 7th day of life, and therefore had an excellent clinical outcome (control group). Thirteen newborns with HIE (12 %) developed AKI according to an established neonatal definition (AKI-KIDGO group), and an additional 20 newborns (19 %) showed a rate of decline of SCr of CONCLUSIONS: The rate of decline of SCr provides a sensitive approach to identify term newborns with AKI during the first week of life.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Visual function in term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic insults. T2 - Correlation with neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. AU - Mercuri, Eugenio. AU - Haataja, Leena. AU - Guzzetta, Andrea. AU - Anker, Shirley. AU - Cowan, Frances. AU - Rutherford, Mary. AU - Andrew, Rachel. AU - Braddick, Oliver. AU - Cioni, Giovanni. AU - Dubowitz, Lilly. AU - Atkinson, Janette. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Aims - To determine if there is any association between the findings of visual assessment performed at the age of 5 months and neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 2 years in children who have sustained hypoxic- ischaemic insults. Methods - Twenty nine term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and/or brain lesions on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were prospectively evaluated. At 5 months of age all the infants had their visual function assessed using the Atkinson Battery of Child Development for Examining Functional Vision, which includes the assessments of optokinetic ...

Of the three million neonatal deaths which occurred globally in 2012, 779,000 took place in India. In India, perinatal asphyxia contributes to 20% of neonatal mortality (NMR) and 50% of early neonatal mortality (ENM) - 400 children losing their lives daily - a major public health problem. Asphyxia can result in coma, irregular breathing, absence of neonatal reflexes, dilated pupils, irregular heart rates, and seizures which can lead to brain cell dysfunction, injury, and death if untreated. Most seriously, asphyxia can cause injury to the central nervous system. This injury is termed Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE ...

Encephalopathy in the late preterm and term infant is an important clinical condition because it can be associated with death or poor neurodevelopment in early childhood. Stages of encephalopathy (mild, moderate, and severe) soon after birth have value in predicting outcome during early infancy and even at early school-age. Prompt recognition after birth of the subset of infants in whom encephalopathy is associated with hypoxia-ischemia (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy [HIE]) is critical because the outcome is potentially modifiable with therapeutic hypothermia. A series of large randomized clinical trials have provided better estimates of the outcomes of moderate and severe HIE compared with the era before the hypothermia trials. Therapeutic hypothermia reduces the composite outcome of death or a major disability at 18 months to 2 years of age among term infants who have moderate or severe encephalopathy. School-age follow-up of a limited number of infants from these trials indicates that death ...

Sommers Schwartz attorney Richard Groffsky filed a medical negligence action on behalf of Ari Davis, who was the second of twins born to mother Charde Parnell. According to lawsuit, the defendant doctors responsible for Mrs. Parnell and Aris care failed to properly recognize fetal monitor abnormalities including decelerations and bradycardia, which indicated a need for Aris delivery via an emergency caesarean section. As a result of this failure, Ari suffered hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, or brain injury caused by lack of oxygen to the brain. This birth injury lawsuit, seeking damages including medical expenses and pain and suffering, is now pending in Clayton County, Georgia State Court.. ...

The role of trapidil on neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rat model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury.: These results show that trapidil administration either befor

Brain Injury - Hypoxia Ischemia Due to Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL). The medical illustration series starts with an orientation of the heart and brain within a child. Three views of the cut brain with the cerebral arteries and terminal branches show the collapse of the brain in three stages: normal anatomy, hypoxic ischemia (brain cell death) due to low blood pressure, and finally PVL in which the white matter is significantly decreased causing the brain to shrink.

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Dr. Raul Chavez-Valdez is an assistant professor in the Department of Pediatrics with great interest in the mechanisms of delayed injury and repair/regeneration in the developing neonatal brain following injury, specifically following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (birth asphyxia). He collaborates with Dr. Frances Northington (Pediatrics) and Dr. Lee Martin (Pathology/Neuroscience) in unveiling the importance of programmed necrosis in the setting of brain injury induced by birth asphyxia. He is especially interested in the role of brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4 following birth asphyxia and the changes that may explain the suspected excitatory/ inhibitory (E/I) imbalance particularly in the hippocampus. His work is highly translational since delayed hippocampal injury due to E/I imbalance may explain memory deficits observed despite therapeutic hypothermia in neonates suffering birth asphyxia. All of these aspects of developmental neuroplasticity are the base of ...his ...

He had 2 CT scans done 1 of which showed a very mild disturbance of gray matter-white matter differentiation. His MRI showed that he had hypoxic ischemic brain injury due to his lack of oxygen. The doctors could not give us a prognosis for him. All we could do now was to wait on him to wake up to determine the extent of his brain injury. Brayden remained on the ventilator until April 16th, he was taken off of the ventilator and put on oxygen by nasal cannula. He started having respiratory distress and was given racepinephrine treatments and started on methadone for possible withdrawl symptoms from the sedation used while he was intubated. He was started on a high flow oxygen by nasal cannula. He did well and was being weaned down on his oxygen. Sometime during all of this they thought he possibly had a seizure and they started him on Keppra to prevent seizures. On April 22 he started having respiratory distress again, work of breathing, increased heart rate, and blood pressure. On April 23 he ...

Although portable and convenient, cranial ultrasonography has a low sensitivity (50%) for the detection of anomalies associated with HIE. Findings include global increase in cerebral echogenicity and ... more

Encephalopathy due to hypoxic-ischemic injury usually manifests within the first few hours after birth. A clinical history that includes a low Apgar score, need for resuscitation, decreased cord arterial pH level, other organ failure, respiratory failure, or some combination of these factors increases the level of confidence in a diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury.. Neonates are able to tolerate short duration hypoxic-ischemic events. Prolonged hypoxia or hypoperfusion result in watershed injury; the intervascular zones between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the middle and posterior cerebral arteries represent the vulnerable zones in the term neonate. Autoregulation provides relative protection of the metabolically active tissues in the brain of the term neonate which are most susceptible to injury including the lateral thalami, posterior putamina, hippocampi, brainstem, corticospinal tracts, and the sensorimotor cortex.. On CT this is manifested by hypodensity, loss of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - CXCL5 signaling is a shared pathway of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier injury contributing to white matter injury in the immature brain. AU - Wang, Lin Yu. AU - Tu, Yi Fang. AU - Lin, Yung Chieh. AU - Huang, Chao Ching. PY - 2016/1/6. Y1 - 2016/1/6. N2 - Background: In very preterm infants, white matter injury is a prominent brain injury, and hypoxic ischemia (HI) and infection are the two primary pathogenic factors of this injury. Microglia and microvascular endothelial cells closely interact; therefore, a common signaling pathway may cause neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after injury to the immature brain. CXC chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is produced in inflammatory and endothelial cells by various organs in response to insults. CXCL5 levels markedly increased in the amniotic cavity in response to intrauterine infection and preterm birth in clinical studies. The objective of this study is to determine whether CXCL5 signaling is a shared pathway of ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The rapid progress in biomarker science is on the threshold of significantly changing clinical care for infants in the neonatal ICU. Infants with neonatal brain injuries will likely be the first group whose management is dramatically altered with point-of-care, rapidly available brain biomarker analysis. Providing an interim update on progress in this area is the purpose of this review. RECENT FINDINGS: Highlighted findings from the past 18 months of publications on biomarkers in neonatal brain injury include; Specific nonbrain markers of cardiac health and global asphyxia continue to provide information on brain injury after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Neuroprotective Effects of the Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid Cannabidiol in Hypoxic-Ischemic Newborn Piglets. AU - Alvarez, Francisco J.. AU - Lafuente, Hector. AU - Rey-Santano, M. Carmen. AU - Mielgo, Victoria E.. AU - Gastiasoro, Elena. AU - Rueda, Miguel. AU - Pertwee, Roger G.. AU - Castillo, Ana I.. AU - Romero, Julian. AU - Martinez-Orgado, Jose. PY - 2008/12. Y1 - 2008/12. N2 - To test the neuroprotective effects of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD), piglets received i.v. CBD or vehicle after hypoxia-ischemia (HI: temporary occlusion of both carotid arteries plus hypoxia). Nonhypoxic-ischemic sham-operated piglets remained as controls. Brain damage was studied by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and by histologic assessment (Nissl and FluoroJadeB staining). In HI+vehicle, HI led to severe cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic impairment, as reflected in NIBS by an increase in total Hb index (THI) and a ...

Research conducted by a team of scientists from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Dr. Nicolas Bazan, Boyd Professor and Director of the Neuroscience Center of Excellence at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, found the novel use of a component of fish oil reduced brain trauma in newborn mice. The study reports that neonatal brain damage decreased by about 50% when a triglyceride lipid emulsion containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was injected within two hours of the onset of ischemic stroke. The paper, n-3 Fatty Acid Rich Triglyceride Emulsions are Neuroprotective after Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Mice, is published in the journal, PLOS ONE, available online at http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056233.. The study compared the effectiveness of emulsions with two omega-3 fatty acids - DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) - as well as optimal doses and therapeutic window. The researchers found that DHA provided protection while EPA did not. The ...

MECP2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy has an X-linked pattern of inheritance. A condition is considered X-linked if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. In males, who have only one X chromosome, a mutation in the only copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females, who have two X chromosomes, a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene in each cell is usually sufficient to cause the condition. However, females with a mutation in the MECP2 gene do not develop MECP2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy. Instead, they typically develop Rett syndrome, which has signs and symptoms that include intellectual disability, seizures, and movement problems.. In some cases, males with MECP2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy inherit the mutation from a mother with mild neurological problems or from a mother with no features related to the mutation. A characteristic of X-linked ...

Cannabidiol administration after hypoxia-ischemia to newborn rats reduces long-term brain injury and restores neurobehavioral ...

Application note presenting a study on the diagnosis of neonatal brain injury through the use of CYRIL and quantitative near-infrared spectroscopy

Specialists have reported a strong association between hyperglycemia and EEG-confirmed seizure clusters in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia.. Presenting at the ICNA/CNS 2020 virtual conference, Dr Carlos Ivan Salazar from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, noted that seizures occur in almost one-third of infants with HIE treated with hypothermia.. Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are common in infants with HIE, and have been associated in previous research with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes, although relatively little is known about their temporal relationship with neonatal seizures.. To investigate, Dr Salazar and colleagues performed a prospective cohort study of 46 newborns (postmenstrual age 36 weeks or more) with HIE treated with therapeutic hypothermia. This involved continuous glucose monitoring, and amplitude-integrated EEG/continuous EEG monitoring for the first 3 days after birth.. ...

DUGi: Viewing Item from repository DUGiDocs: Improve the prediction of the vital and functional prognosis of comatose patients suffering from anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after successful resuscitation from a cardiac arrest, addmitted to the Intensive Care and Coronary Units of the Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, based on clinical, neurophysiological and biochemical results. The results of these different tests, revised and combined all together, will improve the prediction of the patients prognosis, leading to an accurate vital and functional outcome, as they only have been studied separately so far. Anoxia is the third most frequent cause of coma, and the most common cause of post-anoxic coma in adults is the cardiac arrest. The incidence of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is not well known, but it is certain that cardiac arrest, the most common cause of post-anoxic coma, affects approximately 24000 to 50000 Spanish people every year, most of them occuring out of the hospital. A cardiac arrest is the

Interested in clinical impact of abnormal cellular function in acquired or pre-existing neurologic disease, the effects in the ICU setting, and the interaction of the CNS with other organ system function/dysfunction. Specific interest in acquired pediatric brain injury (Traumatic Brain Injury, Hypoxic Brain Injury) and investigation of new therapeutics - Hypothermia for Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and traumatic brain injury. ...

Neurocardiology is the study of the neurophysiological, neurological and neuroanatomical aspects of cardiology, including especially the neurological origins of cardiac disorders. The effects of stress on the heart are studied in terms of the hearts interactions with both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Clinical issues in neurocardiology include hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy, cerebral embolism, encephalopathy, neurologic sequelae of cardiac surgery and cardiac interventions, and cardiovascular findings in patients with primary neurological disease. Neurocardiology refers to the pathophysiological interplays of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. It is an emerging field in medicine over the last decade. The constant communication between the heart and the brain have proved invaluable to interdisciplinary fields of neurological and cardiac diseases. The fundamental understanding of the communication between the heart and the ...

Grape seed extract given three hours after injury suppresses lipid peroxidation and reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.: We have reported th

TY - JOUR. T1 - Acute and long-term NCX activation reduces brain injury and restores behavioral functions in mice subjected to neonatal brain ischemia. AU - Cerullo, Pierpaolo. AU - Brancaccio, Paola. AU - Anzilotti, Serenella. AU - Vinciguerra, Antonio. AU - Cuomo, Ornella. AU - Fiorino, Ferdinando. AU - Severino, Beatrice. AU - Di Vaio, Paola. AU - Di Renzo, Gianfranco. AU - Annunziato, Lucio. AU - Pignataro, Giuseppe. PY - 2018/6/1. Y1 - 2018/6/1. N2 - Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HI) accounts for the majority of developmental, motor and cognitive deficits in children, leading to life-long neurological impairments. Since the plasmamembrane sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) plays a fundamental role in maintaining ionic homeostasis during adult brain ischemia, in the present work we aimed to demonstrate (1)the involvement of NCX in the pathophysiology of neonatal HI and (2)a possible NCX-based pharmacological intervention. HI was induced in neonatal mice at postnatal day 7(P7) by unilateral ...

Even if severe hypoxia/ischemia did occur, it could not account for the neuroapoptosis response to ketamine because 4-6 h after ketamine administration, an increase in apoptotic profiles is evident both as a caspase-3 activation response and as ultrastructurally confirmed apoptotic morphology. However, when one intentionally induces hypoxia/ischemia and examines the developing brain 4-6 h later, there is no increase in apoptotic profiles, either by caspase-3 activation or ultrastructural criteria. It is illogical to argue that anesthesia-induced apoptosis is caused by hypoxia/ischemia if one cannot demonstrate that intentionally induced hypoxia/ischemia reproduces the anesthesia-induced apoptosis phenomenon. What one does find in the brain 4-6 h after hypoxia/ischemia, as we have demonstrated previously,3 and also very recently,4 is excitotoxic neurodegeneration. (See Young et al. 4 for a detailed presentation of evidence directly addressing and clarifying this issue.) Soriano et al. challenge ...

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PI: E Molloy. Collaborators: Prof. Adrienne Foran, Dr. Annie Curtis, Dr. Deirdre Sweetman, Dr. Deirdre Murray, Dr. Ellen Crushell, Prof Ger Boylan, Prof Jim Meaney, Ms Mandy Daly, Prof Richard Porter, Prof Terrie Inder, Dr. Veronica Donoghue. PhD Student: Dr. Mary ODea. Institutions: CWIUH, NMh, Rotunda, TCD, RCSI. Background: Neonatal brain injury has a multifactorial aetiology and causes significant neurological morbidity such as cerebral palsy. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only treatment available for neonatal encephalopathy (NE) but morbidity and mortality rates remain high. There is an urgent need for adjunctive therapies to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. Persistent inflammation: Persistent systemic inflammation has been implicated in neonatal brain injury and identifying new inflammatory biomarkers will help to determine the aetiology of NE and new adjunctive therapies. There is a narrow therapeutic window to activate neuroprotective therapies during ischaemic reperfusion in ...

Timely transport of a critically ill newborn from a community hospital to a regional neonatal intensive care unit may mean the difference between life and death or a life free of physical or mental impairment. Now experts at UC Irvine Medical Center, home to Orange Countys only high-risk regional perinatal-neonatal center, are hitting the road with a cooling technology that may prevent or minimize brain damage to infants who are oxygen-deprived at birth. We believe applying whole body cooling to newborns en route to UC Irvine Medical Center will give infants with the most critical brain injuries a better chance to recover, said Dr. Cherry Uy, director of the UC Irvine Health Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Also called therapeutic hypothermia, whole body cooling uses a specially-designed blanket to lower an infants body temperature to 92.3 to 94.1 degrees Fahrenheit. Studies show that such cooling may prevent brain damage in a newborn that experiences hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, ...

The major aim of ultrasound (US)-based risk stratification systems is to reduce unnecessary thyroid biopsies without losing the ability to recognize nodules with clinically significant malignancy. Each of the classic suspicious features of a thyroid nodule detected on US scan (hypoechoic pattern, microcalcifications, irregular margin, taller than wide shape, irregular vascularization) is significantly independently associated with the probability of malignancy, but none of them has good diagnostic accuracy ...

Natus Medical Incorporated - The only FDA approved device for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term infants, the Olympic Cool-Cap System is a unique and complete system utilizing a special cooling cap to provide selective brain cooling while maintaining core temperature at safe levels through the use of a radiant warmer.