We studied the localization of blood flow control in skeletal muscle by short-term microocclusions (30-60 seconds) of capillaries and arterioles of the pectoralis muscle in anesthetized frogs (Rana pipiens). The muscle was surgically exposed to permit transillumination and measurement of red cell velocity in the microvessels, but innervation and blood supply were kept intact. About one-third of the arterioles showed postocclusion hyperemia. In some muscles every arteriole showed hyperemia following occlusion, but in others none responded, presumably because of preparatory trauma. The average duration of hyperemia after a 1-minute occlusion was 74 ± 45 (SD) seconds. We also compared the effectiveness of arteriolar and capillary occlusions in producing reactive hyperemia in capillaries. Peak capillary blood flow after occlusion of the supply arteriole was 233% above control, and flow debt repayment was 278%. After occlusion of several capillaries, peak capillary blood flow was 67% above control, ...

The current study had some limitations. First, we did not clarify the detailed molecular mechanism of how retinal glial cells regulate RBF in response to flicker stimulation. Although we recently found possible involvement of the retinal NO derived from nNOS in flicker-induced hyperemia in the retina in anesthetized cats,26 the current findings that L-NPA further reduced flicker-induced hyperemia in the retina after LAA treatment may indicate that NO derived from nNOS in retinal neurons and retinal glial cells may be involved in the flicker-induced hyperemia in the retina. In addition, although it was suggested that one particular mechanism of neurovascular coupling in which glial cells release vasodilatory PGE2 and/or EETs as the arachidonic acid metabolites produced by cyclooxygenase (COX) is a principal and perhaps dominant mechanism mediating functional hyperemia in the retina,5 we did not examine the role of these molecules in flicker-induced hyperemia in the retina because there is no ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Oxotremorine-induced cerebral hyperemia does not predict infarction volume in spontaneously hypertensive or stroke-prone rats. AU - Harukuni, Izumi. AU - Takahashi, Hiroshi. AU - Traystman, Richard J.. AU - Bhardwaj, Anish. AU - Kirsch, Jeffrey R.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - Objectives: We tested the following hypotheses: a) spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHR-SP) have more brain injury than spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls (Wistar-Kyoto rats [WKY]) when exposed to transient focal ischemia; b) infarction size is not correlated with baseline blood pressure; and c) infarction size is inversely related to the cerebral hyperemic response to oxotremorine, a muscarinic agonist that increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Design: In vivo study. Setting: Animal laboratory in a university teaching hospital. Subjects: Adult age-matched male WKY, SHR, and SHR-SP. Interventions: Rats were instrumented ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Interaction of nitric oxide, 20-HETE, and EETs during functional hyperemia in whisker barrel cortex. AU - Liu, Xiaoguang. AU - Li, Chunyuan. AU - Falck, John R.. AU - Roman, Richard J.. AU - Harder, David R.. AU - Koehler, Raymond C. PY - 2008/8. Y1 - 2008/8. N2 - Nitric oxide (NO) modulates vasodilation in cerebral cortex during sensory activation. NO is known to inhibit the synthesis of 20-HETE, which has been implicated in arteriolar constriction during astrocyte activation in brain slices. We tested the hypothesis that the attenuated cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to whisker stimulation seen after NO synthase (NOS) inhibition requires 20-HETE synthesis and that the ability of an epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) antagonist to reduce the CBF response is blunted after NOS inhibition but restored with simultaneous blockade of 20-HETE synthesis. In anesthetized rats, the increase in CBF during whisker stimulation was attenuated after the blockade of neuronal NOS with ...

This thesis aims to evaluate the blood flow velocity in the Brachial artery during reactive hyperemia. Primarily to appraise the information it might contain regarding cardiovascular function and cardiovascular risk.. Ultrasonographic doppler measurements of the Brachial artery were made on the 1016 men and women aged 70 included in the prospective investigation of the vasculature in Uppsala seniors (PIVUS) study. Analysis of the blood flow velocity in the forearm was made in comparison to established methods of estimating endothelial function, clinical markers of cardiovascular risk, the Framingham risk score and global atherosclerosis determined by whole body magnetic resonance angiography.. Systolic blood flow velocity was positively related to cardiovascular risk whereas the diastolic velocity was inversely correlated. However, the systolic to diastolic blood flow velocity (SDFV) ratio was more closely associated with cardiovascular risk than its components apart.. Ultrasonographic markers ...

Physical exam was reported as normal, besides hyperemia (redness) and slight edema at the urethral meatus , which should be ... venous drainage, cavernous-venous incompetence, hyperemia (external urethral meatus), edema (external urethral meatus), diabetic .... ...

In the coronary circulation, angiography of coronary artery responses to vasoactive agents may be used to test for endothelial function, and venous occlusion plethysmography and ultrasonography are used to assess endothelial function of peripheral vessels in humans.[3]. A non-invasive method to measure endothelial dysfunction is % Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) as measured by Brachial Artery Ultrasound Imaging (BAUI).[6] Current measurements of endothelial function via FMD vary due to technical and physiological factors. Furthermore, a negative correlation between percent flow mediated dilation and baseline artery size is recognised as a fundamental scaling problem, leading to biased estimates of endothelial function.[7]. A non-invasive, FDA-approved device for measuring endothelial function that works by measuring Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI) is Itamar Medicals EndoPAT™.[8][9] It has shown an 80% sensitivity and 86% specificity to diagnose coronary artery disease when compared against the ...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension often co-exist and both are associated with endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesised that AF would further worsen endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in hypertension patients compared to those without AF. In a cross-sectional comparison, we measured brachial artery diameter at rest and during reactive hyperaemia following 5 min of arterial occlusion in two patient groups: AF (and hypertension) (n = 61) and hypertension control groups (n = 33). The AF (and hypertension) subgroups: permanent AF (n = 30) and paroxysmal AF (n = 31) were also assessed. The permanent AF patients received heart rate and blood pressure (BP) control optimisation and were then followed up after eight weeks for repeat FMD testing. There was no significant difference in FMD between AF (and hypertension) group and hypertension control group (4.6%, 95% CI [2.6-5.9%] vs 2.6%, 95% CI [1.9-5.3%]; p = 0.25). There was a significant difference in FMD between permanent AF ...

Recent studies have revealed that functional hyperemia is initiated in capillaries (14, 15) and that RBCs themselves can act as oxygen-sensing regulators to control capillary RBC velocity in response to local PO2 changes (15). However, the underlying mechanisms of how PO2 could modulate RBC velocity in capillaries are unknown. Experimental findings presented here implicate that deoxyHb-band 3 interactions in RBCs are the molecular switch that responds to local PO2 changes and controls RBC deformability and consequently RBC capillary velocity. Evidently, we showed that (i) while ex vivo capillary velocity and deformation of mRBC-WT and mRBC-subst 1-35 exhibited a linear relation with local PO2 changes, RBCs from transgenic mice that had enhanced or weakened deoxyHb-band 3 interactions showed capillary velocity and deformation independent of PO2. RBCs with enhanced deoxyHb-band 3 interactions showed higher capillary velocity and deformability compared to RBCs that had weakened deoxyHb-band 3 ...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, partly due to systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. B-cells play an important pathogenic role in the inflammatory process that drives RA disease activity. Rituximab, a chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody that depletes B-cells, is an effective therapy for RA. The purpose of this study was to determine whether B-cell depletion with rituximab reduces systemic inflammation and improves macrovascular (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD) and microvascular (reactive hyperemia) endothelial function in RA patients.. METHODS AND RESULTS: RA patients received a single course of rituximab (1000 mg IV infusion at baseline and on day 15). FMD, reactive hyperemia, inflammatory markers, and clinical assessments were performed at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Twenty patients (95% female, median age 54 years) completed the study. Following treatment, FMD improved from a baseline ...

BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in life sciences and medicine. The journal is divided into 55 subject areas.

Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO), followed by reperfusion, is a model of transient global hypoperfusion. In the present …

BMC Nephrol. 2016 Jul 13;17(1):82. [Skin] Microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with albuminuria and CKD in older adults. Seliger SL, Salimi S, Pierre V, Giffuni J, Katzel L, Parsa A. Abstract. BACKGROUND: Impairment in glomerular endothelial function likely plays a major role in the development of albuminuria and CKD progression. Glomerular endothelial dysfunction may reflect systemic microvascular dysfunction, accounting in part for the greater cardiovascular risk in patients with albuminuria. Prior studies of vascular function in CKD have focused on conduit artery function or those with ESRD, and have not examined microvascular endothelial function with albuminuria.. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among older hypertensive male veterans with stage 1-4 CKD, and hypertensive controls without CKD. Microvascular function was quantified by two distinct Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) measures: peak responses to 1) post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and 2) thermal ...

Background: There is a growing interest in the application of non-invasive clinical tools allowing one to assess the endothelial function, preceding atherosclerosis. The precision in estimating of the artery Flow Mediated Vasodilation (FMD) using standard 10-12 MHz linear array probes does not exceed 0.2 mm, far beyond that required. Methods: We have introduced a wide-band, high frequency 25-30 MHz, Golay encoded wobbling type imaging to measure dilation of the radial artery instead of the brachial one. 18 young volunteers, and 4 volunteers with cardiac events history, were examined. In the second approach 20 MHz linear scanning combined with 20 MHz pulsed Doppler attached to the linear array was used. The radial artery FMD was normalized using shear rate at the radial artery wall. Results and Conclusions: For the healthy group, the FMD resulting from reactive hyperemia response was over 20%; while in the atherosclerotic group, the FMD was at least twice as small, not exceeding 10%. The ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Quantification of myocardial perfusion and determination of coronary stenosis severity during hyperemia using real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography. AU - Leong-Poi, Howard. AU - Le, Elizabeth. AU - Rim, Se Joong. AU - Sakuma, Tadamichi. AU - Kaul, Sanjiv. AU - Wei, Kevin. N1 - Funding Information: Supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RO1-HL-48890 and K08-HL-03909, Bethesda, Md), the Mid-Atlantic Affiliate of the American Heart Association (B98458V, Baltimore, Md), and the Fourjay Foundation (Williamsport, Pa). Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc (St Louis, Mo) provided the contrast agent, Dupont Medical Products (North Billerica, Mass) provided the radiolabeled microspheres, and the ultrasound equipment was provided by Advanced Technology Laboratories (Bothell, Wash). Dr Leong-Poi is the recipient of a Fellowship training grant from the Canadian Institute of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (Ottawa, Canada), and Dr Le was ...

W Sunman, AJ Williams, MD Tuersley, RMC Sheale, AM Breckenridge; Effect of Theophylline on Exercise-Induced and Ischaemic Hyperaemia in the Human Forearm. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 February 1994; 86 (s30): 28P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs086028Pa. Download citation file:. ...

What is the central question of this study? Although heat stress is known to increase cardiovascular strain, no study, to date, had explored the potential impact of exercise-induced heat stress on vascular function. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that acute exercise tended to reduce flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), owing in part to reduced reactive hyperaemia/shear stimulus; thus, when FMD is normalized to shear no postexercise deficit exists. Exercise-induced heat stress increased reactive hyperaemia, shear rate, coupled with a sustained FMD postexercise, suggests that exercise-induced heat stress increases the amount of shear stimulus to elicit a similar response, indicating reduced vascular responsiveness, or reserve, which might increase cardiovascular susceptibility.

iFR remains a novel technology that offers an alternative to stenosis assessment using hyperemia. Classification match with fractional flow reserve, a hyperemic pressure-only index, is good but is not expected to be absolute because fractional flow reserve classification itself can differ when the index is close to its binary cutoff point (10,25). Studies such as the CLARIFY (Classification Accuracy of Pressure-Only Ratios Against Indices Using Flow Study) (7) and comparisons with positron emission tomography (26) have shown that it is possible in certain circumstances to reduce the iFR value with administration of vasodilator drugs. Previously this may have been considered a limitation of a baseline index; however, 5 recent studies (26-30) demonstrated that iFR has sufficient sensitivity to not differ in diagnostic ability compared with FFR or iFR with vasodilators such as adenosine. This challenges the need for maximal hyperemia during stenosis assessment.. This study should be interpreted as ...

ARGENTINAS government warned yesterday that it could not afford to pay its creditors at the end of this month, threatening a default after the US Supreme

Adenosine is a key metabolite involved in metabolic hyperemia in many vascular beds including coronary circulation, cerebral circulation, and skeletal muscle circulation.1 The roles of adenosine in vasculature are most prominent during hypoxia, ischemia, and reactive hyperemia.1 One important action of adenosine is to induce endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.1-4 It is previously shown that, at least in some arteries, such as skeletal muscle arteries, a rise in [Ca2+]i is required for the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to adenosine.3-5 In the present study, we explored the possible role of CNG channels in adenosine-induced Ca2+ influx in vascular endothelial cells. Our results show that the adenosine-induced Ca2+ influx was markedly reduced by CNG-specific inhibitors L-cis-diltiazem and LY-83583 in H5V cells and in the primary cultured BAECs. Whole cell patch clamp recorded an adenosine-induced current that was sensitive to L-cis-diltiazem in both cell types. Furthermore, a ...

It is well documented that in patients with coarctation of the aorta life expectancy is not normal even after successful coarctation repair (SCR), primarily due to cardiovascular events. We examined endothelial function in the forearm circulation, the mechanical properties and intima/media thickness in carotid and femoral arteries and the inflammatory process in normotensive patients, after coarctation repair. Fifteen patients, 29+/-2 years old, 12+/-2.9 years after SCR and 16 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in our study. Forearm blood flow was determined by gauge-strain plethysmography. Forearm vasodilatory response to reactive hyperemia was expressed as the %change from baseline to post-reactive hyperemia blood flow. High resolution ultrasound was used for determination of intima/media thickness and elastic properties of carotid and femoral arteries. Serum levels of soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), E-selectin, and interleukines 1b

Researchers concluded that: (1) the protective activity of L-arginine involves gastric hyperemia (blood flow increase) mediated by NO (nitric oxide) and a mild irritant effect due to enhanced generation of endogenous prostaglandins, and (2) the ulcer healing properties of L-arginine depend upon its hyperemic and angiogenic actions, possibly involving NO.. Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, Sliwowski Z, Drozdowicz D, Zaczek M, Kedra D. Role of L-arginine, a substrate for nitric oxide-synthase, in gastroprotection and ulcer healing. J Gastroenterol. 1997 Aug;32(4):442-52. See also ...

Conjunctival hyperemia is the engorgement of the blood vessels (redness) of the clear membrane covering the white surface of the eye. Conjunctival hyperemia was evaluated 15 minutes post conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC) (8 hours post dose) on Day 1 for both eyes using a 9-point scale in half-unit increments where: 0=none to 4=Extremely severe. The score for each participant was the average of the score of both eyes ...

Symptomatic pediatric patients infected with Zika virus generally have a mild, often nonspecific symptoms not requiring hospitalization.

Now, some details about venous or passive hyperaemia. Passive hyperaemia or venous congestion is increased blood supply to an organ or tissue due to reduced blood outflow through the veins. In venous congestion, blood velocity always decreases, decelerates. The etiology of venous congestion is related either to mechanical obstruction of blood flow in the veins. It can be thrombi or emboli, or it is resulted from external compression of the veins by ligation, by tumor, sometimes by pregnant uterus, if we speak about veins or abdominal cavity in pregnant women. It can be also some adhesions prevailing from normal venous outflow. And, here, you can see an illustration of the situation of total venous congestion in many vascular areas. It can occur in heart failure because of increase of venous pressure due to disorder of pumping functions, and it may occur simultaneously in many vascular beds, for example, with right heart failure or cor pulmonale. It may be observed in the greater circulation ...

Zero-in on the diagnostic accuracy of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and resting distal coronary artery pressure/aortic pressure (Pd/Pa) with respect to hyperemic fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Mental stress ischemia (MSI) is associated with poor prognosis for coronary artery disease (CAD) and is amenable to treatment, yet no easily administered test exists to diagnose it. Given the known increase in systemic vascular tone in response to stress, we studied the ability of peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), a noninvasive functional measure of arterial tone, to predict those vulnerable to MSI. Seventy-seven patients with chronic stable CAD were subjected to mental stress with concomitant assessment of myocardial perfusion and pulse wave amplitude. Nuclear perfusion imaging was used to document MSI, and PAT was used to measure pulse wave and microarterial tone. A ratio of PAT measurements during stress to those before stress was used to characterize vascular responses. Serum catecholamines and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were simultaneously measured. Subjects who experienced MSI had a lower average PAT ratio than those who did not (0.76 ¡À 0.04 vs. 0.91 ¡À 0.05, P = 0.03). A receiver ...

Chronic venous congestion in spleen, depicted in the images below, may be identified by the presence of engorged vessels, some areas of hemorrhage may be found too.. [smooth=id:85;] Want a clearer concept, also. Read the articles on Chronic Venous Congestion. Compare it with normal histology of Spleen. See the images on Chronic Venous Congestion in Lungs. See the images on Chronic Venous Congestion in Liver ...

TrendTerms displays relevant terms of the abstract of this publication and related documents on a map. The terms and their relations were extracted from ZORA using word statistics. Their timelines are taken from ZORA as well. The bubble size of a term is proportional to the number of documents where the term occurs. Red, orange, yellow and green colors are used for terms that occur in the current document; red indicates high interlinkedness of a term with other terms, orange, yellow and green decreasing interlinkedness. Blue is used for terms that have a relation with the terms in this document, but occur in other documents ...

Updated Weekly. There is one word this week that we have been hearing a great deal. Debt. Concerns are being expressed by many international development organisations about the potential for a debt crisis, especially given the World Banks gloomy update of its World Economic Prospects.. This week, we decided to investigate the debt question a little further, on behalf of our clients, analysts and investors, and work out what is really going on. What did we find?. First, our analysis reveals that we should be concerned right now about whether African countries have enough room in their budgets to pay for all the higher costs they are facing due to COVID19 - both in terms of the direct health costs and also the economic costs people and businesses are having to face because of the global slowdown in flows of trade, finance and people as well as social distancing. Our analysis shows that the total debt repayments owed by African countries in 2018 were 1.4 times larger than the budgets that African ...

Note: All figures are as published in the HYEFU or PREFU documents, and do not include GDP revisions This debt-to-GDP ratio targeted by the coalition government is at odds with its desire to undertake major investments in a large number of areas including conservation, health, education, and transport. It essentially stops them being able to pay for all of their promises. Increasing debt (or debt-to-GDP) is not necessarily a bad move: debt spreads the cost of capital items across time (and in doing so, spreads the cost across future taxpayers that will use the assets). The concept is often described as intergenerational equity. If debt repayments were slowed to allow for greater government spending, there would be no discernible effect on financial stability or credit ratings. We anticipate the coalition government will resist the urge to alter the BRRs until after the 2018 Budget. Over the next 12 months, calls for more spending in priority areas will increase, eventually forcing the ...

Ukraines foreign currency reserves have more than halved since the start of the year due to gas debt repayments to Russia and efforts to support the struggling hryvna.

WGGB has a fund held in trust for helping members who suffer urgent financial difficulties.. The money has been donated over many years by members and friends of WGGB, and an expert committee takes decisions on applications for help. Loans or grants are made to members who cannot meet debt repayments or have no money to pay business costs, household expenses or their WGGB subscriptions.. One recipient wrote: My deepest thanks for the £500. This money has paid three months of homecare bills and telephone charges and kept the wolf from the door.. The Welfare Fund operates guidelines to ensure the money is put to the best use. The main ones are:. ...

Population growth can increase GDP in the same way that bushfires can increase GDP: they make us spend more in order to build more, just to regain what we already had before. That can increase employment, but it doesnt increase our external income, so the money can only come from cutting other spending, either in the present (austerity measures) or in the future (increased debt repayments and/or insurance premiums ...

The owner tried looking for a pattern for me for an I-cord, but I told her that I was pretty sure PK already knew how to do an I-cord, since Ive seen some purses of hers that are nearly identical to the ones hanging in the shop. So I bought the bamboo/silk blend and thanked the owner for her help, then walked out and sent a picture of myself in front of the yarn shop and a picture of the yarn to PK for proof of debt repayment. It occurs to me now that I should have taken a lot more pictures, with the help of the friendly knitters, to make this more of a photo journal. Sorry, PK. ...

The first thing about this product is that it can help you by increasing the hyperemia in the body. What that does for the person is that it helps to saturate the body with oxygen and dilate the muscles. You might not know why in the world this would help, but if you think about it, when youre using muscles you need them to be big and dilated. This allows you to use them and really get the best muscles you possibly can. You can have a lot of benefits from it, and youll be able to create bigger and stronger muscle pumps, allowing you to have a much more fulfilling workout that youll be able to really get results with. Another thing regarding this as well, is that it also can help increase the muscle blood flow. This can help to increase circulation so that youre not as sore the next day, and you can even prevent sore muscles by getting the amount of oxygen that you need to them. Its more than just a simple product, for it can really help a person achieve the results that they want ...

When exposed to the skin or mucous membranes, there is considerable itching and hyperemia (redness), subcutaneous hemorrhage is likely without damaging the integrity of the skin. The severity of the pathological process and symptoms of chlorine poisoning are directly dependent on the dose of the poison (chlorine) and the duration of its action. ...

Are Avodart Side Effects Putting Your Health at Risk? | Jan 13, 2018 Check these Avodart side effect reports: A 54-year-old male patient was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia, treated with AVODART and reported eye swelling,ocular hyperaemia,vision blurred. Dosage: 1cap Per Day.

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随着人工智能时代的到来，在机器人换人大潮下，中国已连续两年坐上世界机器人最大消费国的宝座。根据国际机器人联合会(IFR)发布的数据，2017年中国机器人销量为13.8万台，增长58%，预计2018年中国机器人产销量持续增长；另据统计局数据显示，2018年1-12月全国工业机器人产量为147682套，同比增长4.6%。. 国内机器人产销量的增长，也带动了整个机器人产业链的发展，中商产业研究院整理出最全面的机器人产业链全景图供广大读者参阅，目前，机器人产业链主要是功能零部件、机器人本体及控制系统通过集成系统形成下游应用的工业机器人、服务机器人、特种机器人等 ...

Body , Laser Hair Removal. For many women and men, unwanted hair can be a nuisance - or even a nightmare. Until recently, removing it was uncomfortable, inconvenient, expensive and time-consuming. With the exception of electrolysis, which can be prohibitively expensive and painful, most other methods are temporary at best. But that has all changed. Today, with the remarkable advances in laser technology, unwanted hair is being removed safely and effectively. Laser Hair Removal had been proven highly effective in permanently reducing unwanted hair. It works on just about any treatment area of the body where smooth hairless skin is desire. Underarms, face, neck, legs, shoulders, back, bikini line, you name it. Get a Leg Up on Waxing, Plucking and Tweezing. Hair grows in three distinct cycles. The active or growth cycles (Anagen); the dormant cycle (Catagen) and, finally, the fall-out or shedding cycle (Telogen). Laser Hair Removal is most effective during the active growth cycle (Anagen).. The ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Predictive value of endothelial function by noninvasive peripheral arterial tonometry for coronary artery disease. AU - Matsuzawa, Yasushi. AU - Li, Jing. AU - Aoki, Tatsuo. AU - Guddeti, Raviteja R.. AU - Kwon, Taek Geun. AU - Cilluffo, Rebecca. AU - Widmer, Robert Jay. AU - Gulati, Rajiv. AU - Lennon, Ryan J.. AU - Lerman, Lilach O.. AU - Lerman, Amir. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2015/4/22. Y1 - 2015/4/22. N2 - Background Endothelial dysfunction is a key step in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular complications. We examined whether peripheral endothelial function, as assessed by fingertip reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT), can provide additional clinical value to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We included 118 stable patients who were ...

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of music therapy before, during, and after cardiac catheterization is associated on (a) change in reactive hyperemia index measured before and after catheterization using peripheral arterial tonometry and (b) patient stress and discomfort measured by a questionnaire, as compared to the standard of care (no music during cardiac catheterization).. The hypothesis of the study is that music therapy during cardiac catheterization will be associated with more favorable change in reactive hyperemia and higher patient satisfaction compared to no music playback. ...

The role of locally formed cyclo-oxygenase products (endoperoxide intermediates, prostaglandins, or prostacyclins) in resistance to blood flow was studied in the hindlimbs of anesthetized dogs during rest, during exercise, and following release of inflow occlusion. Meclofenamic acid, indomethacin, or sodium meclofenamate reduced mean resting blood flows of 86, 113, and 118 ml/min to 54, 82, and 67 ml/min, respectively. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis reduced the vasodilator response to arachidonic acid by 81%. In addition, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors attenuated the hyperemic responses following inflow occlusions in the resting hindlimb. The attenuation was most marked following a 1-second occlusion (74%) and progressively less following a 10-second (44%) and a 300-second (24%) occlusion. However, the portion of the total postocclusive hyperemic response attributable to prostaglandins was constant and independent of occlusion duration. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis did not ...

Overall, mean 25-OH D among the population was 31.8 - 14 ng/ml. Following adjustment for several variables, including age, sex, race, BMI, medication use, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and CRP, 25-OH D was associated with reactive hyperemia index (P

In cats air embolism of the brain was produced by injecting 0.6 ml blood foam into the innominate artery proximal to the origin of both common carotid arteries. Air embolism caused transient ischemia of the brain, reaching a maximum within 1 min after injection. Resolution of the air embolism began a few minutes later and was completed within 15 min in the center and within 30 min in the border zone of the main supplying arteries. During this phase tissue perfusion was inhomogenous with reduced flow rates in some areas and reactive hyperemia up to 300% in others. This resulted in venous hyperoxia and a decrease of arteriovenous oxygen difference to as low as 2 ml/100 ml blood. Reactive hyperemia was accompanied by brain swelling and an increase in intracranial pressure from 3.6 +/- 1.2 to 12.3 +/- 2.0 mm Hg. The reason for hyperemia was a decrease of cortical pH which fell from 7.33 +/- 0.03 to 7.03 +/- 0.05, and which caused a dilation of pial arteries up to 260%. Immediately after embolism, ...

Caffeine decreases exercise-induced hyperemic MBF, resulting in a significant decrease in physiologic MFR. This is significantly more pronounced at high-altitude exposure, where resting flow significantly increases and hyperemic flow response is blunted significantly more by caffeine than at normoxia. Although the long-term effect of caffeine consumption on human health is the subject of an ongoing controversy (27,28), we have studied the acute impact of caffeine consumption on MBF and found no significant increase in resting MBF by caffeine during normoxia, in agreement with Bottcher et al. (13). By contrast, at hypoxia-with which resting MBF was higher than at normoxia, in line with our previous results (21)-we found an increase in resting MBF after caffeine. This may in part be explained by the fact that caffeine might stimulate local and systemic catecholamine release (7), adding to the hypoxia-induced sympathetic activation, which contributes importantly to the regulation of MBF ...

According to macroeconomic statistics, in 2016 Q4 - 2017 Q1, the amount of external debt repayments by non-financial organisations, including principal and interest, totals $23 billion and $20.7 billion respectively.. As it is the case, the peak of repayments occurs in December according to macroeconomic statistics ($13.4 billion), with the bigger portion of these repayments likely to be rolled over. This December, the amount of repayments is scheduled to be down by 24% year on year.. Additionally, the schedule for the period under consideration shows that considerable external debt repayments are due in March 2017 ($12.8 billion). According to Bank of Russia estimates, the main portion of these payments is made up of the liabilities of 30 Russian companies - largest borrowers in external markets. Out of this amount, roughly $4.8 billion represent intragroup payments, and $3.8 billion - scheduled Eurobond repayments by several large non-financial organisations which have sufficient foreign ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Post-exercise blood flow restriction attenuates hyperemia similarly in males and females. AU - Dankel, Scott J. AU - Mouser, J Grant. AU - Jessee, Matthew B. AU - Mattocks, Kevin T. AU - Buckner, Samuel L. AU - Loenneke, Jeremy P. PY - 2017/8. Y1 - 2017/8. N2 - PURPOSE: Our laboratory recently demonstrated that post-exercise blood flow restriction attenuated muscle hypertrophy only in females, which we hypothesized may be due to alterations in post-exercise blood flow. The aim of this study is to test our previous hypothesis that sex differences in blood flow would exist when employing the same protocol.METHODS: Twenty-two untrained individuals (12 females; 10 males) performed two exercise sessions, each involving one set of elbow flexion exercise to volitional failure on the right arm. The experimental condition had blood flow restriction applied for a 3 min post-exercise period, whereas the control condition did not. Blood flow was measured using an ultrasound at the brachial ...

Three-phase bone scan. (a) Early hyperemia is seen in the right calf. (b) Blood pool phase shows increased tracer uptake in the same area. (c and d) Delayed pha

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hyperemia answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.

hyperemia answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.

The microcirculatory response to thermal stimulation involves both an axon reflex and NO-mediated activation. The analysis of the microcirculatory flow following thermal stimulation may therefore enhance the detection of any impairment of the small unmyelinated fibres that are involved in the axon reflex. The aim of this work is to establish a method of non-invasive measurement of small fibre impairment. The microcirculatory flow in response to local heating is measured by using a laser Doppler instrument, and mathematically modelled to extract a set of quantitative parameters. The results confirm that there is a significant difference in the parameters modelling the axon reflex between diabetic and control subjects, while no significant difference is found in the parameters modelling the NO-mediated activation.. ...

While much effort has been devoted to the understanding of mechanisms linked to activity-evoked changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) namely, functional hyperemia and neurovascular coupling, less is understood about the processes controlling basal CBF and resting neuronal activity. Considering that chronic brain hypoperfusion contributes to cognitive impairments our group is interested in studying the cellular mechanisms by which changes in steady-state vascular tone, and thus perfusion, affect resting neuronal function. Our central hypothesis is that constitutive mechanisms defining physiological vasculo-glial-neuronal coupling (VGNC) are impaired in disease. Using a multidisciplinary approach we will address the following three aims: Aim1: Test the hypothesis that aberrant astrocytes Ca2+ signaling in disease impairs VGNC. Astrocytes constitutively integrate perfusion status to the brain and, through the release of gliotransmitter signals, adjust resting neuronal activity accordingly. ...

Objective: To determine the effect of plasma glucose lowering on coronary circulatory function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.. Methods: Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes and 18 weight-matched controls were studied. At baseline, myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured with [13N]ammonia and positron emission tomography at rest, during cold pressor testing (CPT), and during adenosine hyperaemia. In diabetic patients, MBF and blood chemistry were analysed again after 3 months of glucose-lowering treatment with glyburide and metformin.. Results: Although hyperaemic MBF did not differ significantly between the patients and controls (1.81 (0.38) v 1.97 (0.43) ml/min/g; mean (SD)), the CPT-induced MBF increase (ΔMBF) was significantly less in diabetic patients than in controls (0.07 (0.07) v 0.25 (0.12) ml/min/g; p,0.001). Treatment with glyburide and metformin significantly decreased plasma glucose concentrations from 207 (76) to 134 (52) mg/dl (p,0.001). This decrease in plasma glucose was ...

The human bowel receives a significant proportion of cardiac output, which varies with physiologic need. At rest, intestinal perfusion via the superior mesenteric artery will range from 29 to 70mL/min/100g intestinal tissue, whereas in the fed state, splanchnic hyperemia increases perfusion from 28 to 132 percent. Investigation of intestinal perfusion in the setting of chronic inflammation in IBD has been carried out using a variety of in vivo and in vitro techniques. Angiographic studies of the IBD intestine have demonstrated preserved anatomy in the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, with significant abnormalities in the vasa recta, characterized by tortuous, dilated vessels together with loss of normal tapering and terminal coiling as they penetrate the bowel wall. In early stages of IBD, angio-graphic studies have demonstrated arteries that abruptly taper as the vessels reach the bowel wall with right-angle bifurcation, bizarre distribution, and small luminal irregularities in the ...

The mechanism behind hyperemia in skeletal muscle during insulin-induced hypoglycemia was investigated in 42 anesthetized male Wistar rats using the microdialysis ethanol technique of monitoring nutritive blood flow. Microdialysis probes were inserted bilaterally into the gastrocnemius muscle and perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 20 mmol/l ethanol and one or more of the following compounds: propranolol (10−6 molA), phentolamine (10−6 mol/1), and calyculin A (1.0 (xmol/1). Muscle blood flow increased, as indicated by a decrease in the ethanol outflow:inflow ratio (P , 0.001, n = 6), during hypoglycemia induced by a bolus intravenous infusion of insulin (680 mU/kg body wt). This increase was not present during normoglycemia or during hypoglycemia and local (β-adrenergic blockade via propranolol. However, the hyperemic response was potentiated during hypoglycemia and local β-adrenergic blockade via phentolamine. A normal hyperemic response to hypoglycemia was detected ...

This prospective study demonstrated that impaired FMD of the brachial artery is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease. The predictive value of FMD was independent of the extent of reactive hyperemia and the response to an exogenous source of nitric oxide (NTG), suggesting that the findings are not due to variation in the stimulus for vasodilation or the function of vascular smooth muscle. Thus, the study supports a pathophysiologic link between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular events.. Previous invasive coronary studies examined the relation between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. During a 28-month follow-up of 157 patients, Suwaidi et al. (3)demonstrated that coronary endothelial dysfunction in the absence of obstructive lesions was associated with increased cardiovascular events. Schachinger et al. (4)reported that impaired vasodilator responses to both endothelium-dependent and -independent agonists ...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of imaging the first passage of a bolus of hyperpolarized (13)C urea through the rodent heart using flow-sensitizing gradients to reduce signal from the blood pool. METHODS: A flow-sensitizing bipolar gradient was optimized to reduce the bright signal within the cardiac chambers, enabling improved contrast of the agent within the tissue capillary bed. The gradient was incorporated into a dynamic golden angle spiral (13)C imaging sequence. Healthy rats were scanned during rest (n = 3) and under adenosine stress-induced hyperemia (n = 3). RESULTS: A two-fold increase in myocardial perfusion relative to rest was detected during adenosine stress-induced hyperemia, consistent with a myocardial perfusion reserve of two in rodents. CONCLUSION: The new pulse sequence was used to obtain dynamic images of the first passage of hyperpolarized (13)C urea in the rodent heart, without contamination from bright signal within the neighboring cardiac lumen. This probe of myocardial

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of imaging the first passage of a bolus of hyperpolarized (13)C urea through the rodent heart using flow-sensitizing gradients to reduce signal from the blood pool. METHODS: A flow-sensitizing bipolar gradient was optimized to reduce the bright signal within the cardiac chambers, enabling improved contrast of the agent within the tissue capillary bed. The gradient was incorporated into a dynamic golden angle spiral (13)C imaging sequence. Healthy rats were scanned during rest (n = 3) and under adenosine stress-induced hyperemia (n = 3). RESULTS: A two-fold increase in myocardial perfusion relative to rest was detected during adenosine stress-induced hyperemia, consistent with a myocardial perfusion reserve of two in rodents. CONCLUSION: The new pulse sequence was used to obtain dynamic images of the first passage of hyperpolarized (13)C urea in the rodent heart, without contamination from bright signal within the neighboring cardiac lumen. This probe of myocardial

Subjects will be exposed to short term hypoxia aiming for a target saturation of 80% while haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters are measured. They will breathe through a mouthpiece connected to special equipment which delivers different gas mixtures and enables the delivery of the hypoxic exposure. Heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness ( via pulse wave analysis), and peripheral vasoconstriction (via peripheral arterial tonometry PAT) will be measured. Initially there will be a 10 minute baseline period followed by the 20 minute period of hypoxia and then a 10 minute recovery period. A proportion of subjects will then be studied after being commenced on treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). ...

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In humans, basal myocardial blood flow remains constant regardless of the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. However, during hyperemia, flow progressively decreases when the degree of stenosis is about 40 percent or more and does not differ significantly from basal flow when stenosis is 80 percen …

Researchers in this study found that when the heels were elevated, tissue perfusion to that area was substantially increased. When the heel was transferred to the elevating splint, the heel capillary bed underwent reactive hyperemia, indicating the alleviation of tissue hypoxia ...

OWS did a test run of this concept and was able to buy $14,000 of debt for only $500. This model should be used by the federal government to force the modification of mortgages, instead of bailing out the big banks, TARP money should have (and still could be) used to buy up the mortgages directly, reset the principle balance to reflect the current market value of the homes, and then reset the payments to fit the homeowners current incomes. Does that mean some homeowners, even with principle reduction, will end up with VERY long debt repayment terms? Yes, but it also means they can now sell those houses and get out from under if they choose, or they can pay for a long time and slowly rebuild equity. ...

This press release contains forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate, or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain the words estimate, project, intend, forecast, target, anticipate, plan, planning, expect, believe, will, is likely, will likely, should, could, would, may, or, in each case, their negative, or words or expressions of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the anticipated benefits and synergies of our recent acquisition of certain assets from Biotest Pharmaceuticals Corporation (BPC) (the BPC Transaction), including optimization of the combined businesses, operations and products and services, including liquidity, debt repayment and capital return expectations, as well as the capitalization, ...

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Is PNH paroxysmal nocturnal hyperemia (sorry for spelling). In the past Ive been told I was mildly anemic, but recent bloodwork was normal. When my Fibro began in 1996, I was also told I has brisk reflexes. Im now much older (and unfortunately heavier). I had my sister check my patellar reflex and she was able to elicit what seemed normal (shes a retired nurse). There is still the nerve impingement in my cervical spine which could be causing some issues (no MRI of lumbar yet). But at nearly 50 years of age, I can definitely see that my left calf and left arm are a bit thinner and FEEL weaker. Some days I just grow weary of wondering whats going on...theres been very little change in over 4 months, but other days I find myself anxious and depressed. My appt for epidural injection is not until 9/17, so I guess Ill just try to live life and take it one day at a time. Thank you both for your kind replies. BTW: the doctor scheduled a flow up in six months, so shes obviously not very concerned. ...

These images demonstrate a focal knuckle of fat attenuation material at the anterior aspect of the sigmoid colon. There is some hyperemia adjacent to the abnormality as well as fat stranding. The remainder of the fat is clean.

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