Substituted heteroaromatic compounds, and in particular substituted bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds in which one ring is a pyridine or pyrimidine of formula (I) are protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The compounds are described as are methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions including such compounds and their use in medicine, for example in the treatment of cancer and psoriasis.

Discovering the Mechanism of H2 Adsorption on Aromatic Carbon Nanostructures to Develop Adsorbents for Vehicular Applications - Volume 837 - A. C. Dillon, J. L. Blackburn, P. A. Parilla, Y. Zhao, Y-H. Kim, S. B. Zhang, A. H. Mahan, J. L. Alleman, K. M. Jones, K. E. H. Gilbert, M. J Heben

The transformation of benzene and a series of alkylbenzenes was studied in anoxic groundwater of a shallow glacial-outwash aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, U.S.A. Monoaromatic hydrocarbons, the most water-soluble components of crude oil, were transported downgradient of an oil spill, forming a plume of contaminated groundwater. Organic acids that were not original components of the oil were identified in the anoxic groundwater. The highest concentrations of these oxidized organic compounds were found in the anoxic plume where a decrease in concentrations of structurally related alkylbenzenes was observed. These results suggest that biological transformation of benzene and alkylbenzenes to organic acid intermediates may be an important attenuation process in anoxic environments. The transformation of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons to a series of corresponding oxidation products in an anoxic subsurface environment provides new insight into in situ anaerobic degradation processes. ?? 1990 Springer

The trophic transfer of monoaromatic hydrocarbons to predatory organisms feeding upon contaminated marine animals is not well reported within the scientific literature. Branched alkylbenzenes (BABs) unresolved by gas chromatography have been reported to be principal toxic components of bioaccumulated hydrocarbons in the tissues of some wild mussel, Mytllus edulis, populations with poor health status. Mussels, M. edulis, contaminated with a commercial mixture of BABs were fed to shore crabs, Garcinus maenas, for 7 d, and effects upon the behavior, heart rate, hemolymph cellular viability, and immune response of the crabs were assessed. Accumulation of BABs in crab midgut gland tissue was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the presence of BABs in crab urine was detected spectrophotometrically using ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy. Analysis of crab tissues and urine revealed a proportion of the BABs was transferred from the mussel tissues to the crabs, but the majority ...

In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. Aromatic molecules are very stable, and do not break apart easily to react with other substances. Organic compounds that are not aromatic are classified as aliphatic compounds-they might be cyclic, but only aromatic rings have special stability (low reactivity). Since the most common aromatic compounds are derivatives of benzene (an aromatic hydrocarbon common in petroleum and its distillates), the word aromatic occasionally refers informally to benzene derivatives, and so it was first defined. Nevertheless, many non-benzene aromatic compounds exist. In living organisms, for example, the most common aromatic rings are the double-ringed bases in RNA and DNA. An aromatic functional group or other substituent is called an aryl group. The earliest use of ...

TY - PAT. T1 - Heteroaromatic compounds and their use as dopamine D1 ligands. AU - Allen, John. PY - 2017/4/11. Y1 - 2017/4/11. UR - http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=09617275&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D4%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526co1%3DAND%2526d%3DPTXT%2526s1%3D9,617,275%2526OS%3D9,617,275%2526RS%3D9,617,275&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page. M3 - Patent. M1 - 9,617,275 B2. PB - United States Patent Office. ER - ...

This 1954 book was the first to be devoted to the fundamental properties of the aromatic compounds as a whole. It describes the experimental and theoretical attempts to explain their structure and discusses their characteristic properties and the mechanism of their reactions. Heterocyclic compounds are included in Dr Badgers survey. Aromatic compounds are characterised by their cyclic molecular structure, their high degree of unsaturation and their stability. Coal tar is the chief source of aromatic compounds, but they are also made from crude oil and can be produced synthetically. Nearly all dyestuffs are aromatic, as are most of the common drugs and explosives. The book addressed itself primarily to graduates and final-year undergraduates. It was also of interest to research chemists in the dyestuffs, pharmaceutical and explosives industries. As some complex aromatic compounds produce cancer on the skin of laboratory animals, cancer research workers will also have found it relevant.. ...

Aromatic compounds are cyclic, fully conjugated, planar molecules with a specific number of π electrons. This thesis elaborates aromatic compounds and their characteristic reactions. Phenols and quinones represent a class of organic compounds with various role. Phenols are aromatic compounds containing a hydroxy group bonded to an aromatic ring, while quinones are derivated from aromatic compounds, but arent aromatic compounds themselves. Quinones represent a group of non-aromatic conjugated cyclohexadienones and therefore are observed as α,β-unsaturated compounds. This thesis also elaborates phenols and quinones, their reactions, synthesis and uses, but also their biological importance ...

Reviews M. Ste?pien?, L. Latos-Graz?yn?ski, and N. Sprutta DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003353 Porphyrinoids Figure Eights, Mbius Bands, and More: Conformation and Aromaticity of Porphyrinoids** Marcin Ste?pien?,* Natasza Sprutta, and Lechos?aw Latos-Graz?yn?ski* Keywords: aromaticity и chemical topology и conformational analysis и NMR spectroscopy и porphyrinoids Dedicated to Professor Alan L. Balch on the occasion of his 70th birthday Angewandte Chemie 4288 www.angewandte.org 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 4288 ? 4340 Porphyrinoids The aromatic character of porphyrins, which has significant chemical and biological consequences, can be substantially altered by judicious modifications of the parent ring system. Expansion of the macrocycle, which is achieved by introducing additional subunits, usually increases the so-called free curvature of the ring, leading to larger angular strain. This strain is reduced by a variety of conformational changes, most ...

Aromaticity means cyclic planar conjugated and Huckels rule for a stable pi system. This includes multi-resonating systems, charged and heterocyclic aromatic compounds.

What is the reason that aromatic compounds are more stable than other cyclic compounds ? Please provide answer in reference to MOT theory ...

Landolt-Börnstein - Group II Molecules and Radicals | Volume 26E2 | Book DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-87641-0 | SpringerMaterials 2009

Polymetalated aromatic compounds are of great interest because of their intermediate roles in many organic transformations. However, they are elusive and synthetically challenging. In this study, a dynamic coordination capsule constructed by a flexible macrocycle and silver(i) ions is applied to trigger one-

Xenobiotics biodegradation Aromatics degradation M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:T31030_00362 T31030_00622 T31030_01220 T31030_01100 T31030_01120 ...

If you have a question about this talk, please contact Lingtao Kong.. Aromatic oligomers constitute a distinct and promising class of synthetic foldamers - oligomers that adopt stable folded conformations. Single helical structures are, to a large extent, predictable, show unprecedented conformational stability, and represent convenient building blocks to elaborate synthetic, very large (protein-sized) folded architectures. This lecture will give an overview of our current efforts to design abiotic tertiary structures based on aromatic scaffolds,[1] to prepare and select (as opposed to design) aromatic foldamer-peptide hybrid architectures,[2,3] and to use aromatic foldamers to recognize sizeable protein surfaces.[4,5]. References:. [1] S. De et al., Designing cooperatively folded abiotic uni- and multimolecular helix bundles, Nat. Chem. 2018, 10, 51. [2] J. M. Rogers, S. Kwon et al. Ribosomal synthesis and folding of peptide-helical aromatic foldamer hybrids, Nat. Chem. 2018, 10, 405. [3] M. ...

Theoretical investigations regarding the aromatic character of naphthalene, quinoline and isoquinoline have been performed. Local aromaticity indices like HOMA, NICS, PDI and FLU have been computed, in order to establish the influence of the substitution of a CH group with an isovalent N atom. Also, the gas-phase enthalpies of deprotonation of naphthalene, quinoline and isoquinoline have been computed; results were compared with the experimental enthalpy of deprotonation of benzene. ...

The name aromatic comes from the characteristic odor or aroma of benzene-like compounds. Aromatic compounds are : The structure must be cyclic and contain some ...

The main focus of this thesis is on the aromaticity of the ground state and electronically excited states of π-conjugated molecules and polymers, as well as how aromaticity is connected to their properties.. The electronic structures of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) were explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the π-component of the electron localization function (ELFπ). The study revealed how the π-electronic structure is influenced by the fusion of double bonds or benzene rings to the PBHs. We also demonstrated that the π-electrons of benzene extend to accommodate as much aromaticity as possible when bond length distorted. The aromatic chameleon property displayed by fulvenes, isobenzofulvenes, fulvalenes, bis(fulvene)s, and polyfulvenes were investigated using DFT calculations. The tria-, penta-, and heptafulvenes were shown to possess ionization energies and electron affinities which can be tuned extensively by substitution, some of which even outperform ...

The RRM folds into a αβ structure with β1α1 β2 β 3α2 β4 with one four stranded antiparallel β-sheet and two alpha helices that are positioned against the sheet. More than 30 RRM structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR and these structures show a surprising amount of variation in the arrangement of the alpha helices and beta sheets.. An archetype example of RRM binding structure is the DNA-protein complex formed by hnRNPA1, which can bind both DNA and RNA. In this DNA-RNPA1 complex, two deoxynucleotides, A209 and G210 stack on aromatic rings located on beta 1 strands and cause rearrangement of the nucleic acid on the beta sheet in which the 5 end is on the first half of the sheet and the 3 is on the second half. A third aromatic residue interacts with hydrophobically with carbohydrate rings of A209 and G210 and a positively charged side chain of the RNP forms a salt bridge with the phosphate between A209 and G210.. ...

***New Barriques available - staves sorted and selected by NIR profiling ***New Puncheons (500 L) available ***New 1000 Litre Experience forkliftable available ***New 1000 Litre horizontal available ***New 25 hl Conical closed vats available From the premier large format cooperage in the world - Garbellotto - who supply most of the top European wineries and specialize in large format cooperage. Theyve been at it for almost 300 years, and no-one makes better, or stronger tonneaux than they do, from 225 barriques through to 25,000 litre vats. Garbellotto have developed and patented an NIR (Near Infra-Red) technology (backed by decades of wet chemistry cross-referencing) to sort staves based on aromatic precursors. No other cooperage is currently capable of selecting staves for barrels this way. The cooperage seasons the oak for 3 years, then in the production phase for making a barrel they NIR scan each stave to determine what the aromatic pre-cursors of the stave wood are, and they sort

Salah, S. M., Meisenheimer, J. D., Rao, R., Peda, J. D., Wallace, D. P., Foster, D., Li, X., Li, X., Zhou, X., Vallejo, J. A., Wacker, M. J., Fields, T. A. & Swenson-Fields, K. I., Jan 1 2019, In : American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. 317, 2, p. F343-F360. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article ...

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Hi Pascal, for the CDK, we decided that we want it to behave like a Lego construction set. Each of the components should only do the minimal promised work, which gives maximum flexibility in wiring things together as you like them. In your example, you would always need to do aromaticity detection (using some CDKHueckelAromaticityDetector.java or so) to do the detection before doing the Murcko stuff. The reasoning in this case, although a bit artificial in this case, might be that some dude somewhere might want to do the Murcko fragmentation on the Kekule-Representations instead of the aromaticity-marked one and if we do the aromaticity detection *inside* the Murcko fragmentation, we hinder him to do so. As usual, a note on this behaviour should go into the Javadoc documentation :-) Hope that helps, Chris On 30 Sep 2010, at 10:08, Pascal Muller wrote: , Hi, , , I would like to generate Murcko framework for my library (a big Zinc , subset). But for now, Im just trying to do it for a few smiles ...

Page contains details about heteroaromatic host-based organic electroluminescent element . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com

Correct Answer: D.. Aromatic compounds follow four rules: (1) They are conjugated-there needs to one p orbital from each atom in the ring, so each atom must be either sp2 or sp hybridized; 2) They are cyclic: linear systems are not aromatic; 3) They are planar: there is good overlap/interaction between p orbitals; 4) they follow the The Huckel Rule-4n+2 pi electrons in the cyclic conjugated pi system (n = 0, 1, 2, 3 etc ...

Author(s): Fatayer, Shadi; Coppola, Alysha I; Schulz, Fabian; Walker, Brett D; Broek, Taylor A; Meyer, Gerhard; Druffel, Ellen RM; McCarthy, Matthew; Gross, Leo

To facilitate this reaction, the aromaticity of the pyridines was weakened by forming n-iminopyridium ylides. Antes del amanecer del 9 de marzo de , un grupo de

Natures Own all natural terpenes are an effects-rich terpenes base combined with a variety of other aromatic compounds.The Natures Own proprietary blend of our all natural terpenes mix.

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The invention provides methods for substituting polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polyheterocyclic compounds with perfluoroalkyl groups. The methods can include heating a polyaromatic hydrocarbon substrate or a polyheterocyclic compound substrate in the presence of a perfluoroalkyl iodide, typically in a closed system, wherein the heating is sufficient to bring both the polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polyheterocyclic compound, and the perfluoroalkyl iodide, into the gas phase, thereby allowing the substrate to react with the perfluoroalkyl iodide in the gas phase to form polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polyheterocyclic compounds having one or more perfluoroalkyl substituents. The methods allow for the creation of versatile libraries of novel perfluoroalkyl-containing derivatives that can serve as important building blocks and active components in biomedical, electronic, and materials applications.

BACKGROUND: Groundwater and subsurface environments contaminated with aromatic compounds can be remediated in situ by Geobacter species that couple oxidation of these compounds to reduction of Fe(III)-oxides. Geobacter metallireducens metabolizes many aromatic compounds, but the enzymes involved are not well known.. RESULTS: The complete G. metallireducens genome contained a 300 kb island predicted to encode enzymes for the degradation of phenol, p-cresol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoate, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoate. Toluene degradation genes were encoded in a separate region. None of these genes was found in closely related species that cannot degrade aromatic compounds. Abundant transposons and phage-like genes in the island suggest mobility, but nucleotide composition and lack of synteny with other species do not suggest a recent transfer. The inferred degradation pathways are similar to those in species that anaerobically oxidize aromatic compounds with nitrate as an ...

Pseudomonas putida CSV86 utilizes glucose, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, benzyl alcohol and benzoate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Compared with glucose, cells grew faster on aromatic compounds as well as on organic acids. The organism failed to grow on gluconate, 2-ketogluconate, fructose and mannitol. Whole-cell oxygen uptake, enzyme activity and metabolic studies suggest that in strain CSV86 glucose utilization is exclusively by the intracellular phosphorylative pathway, while in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CSV89 and P. putida KT2442 glucose is metabolized by both direct oxidative and indirect phosphorylative pathways. Cells grown on glucose showed five- to sixfold higher activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase compared with cells grown on aromatic compounds or organic acids as the carbon source. Study of [C-14]glucose uptake by whole cells indicates that the glucose is taken up by active transport. Metabolic and transport studies clearly demonstrate that glucose ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mass transfer of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from complex DNAPL mixtures. AU - Mukherji, Suparna. AU - Peters, Catherine Anne. AU - Weber, Walter J.. PY - 1997/2/1. Y1 - 1997/2/1. N2 - Parameters governing the rates of mass transfer of the individual components of four synthetic dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) mixtures into the aqueous phase were evaluated. The DNAPL mixtures, composed of toluene and eight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were designed to serve as models for coal tars and creosotes. The reactor employed provided a relatively stable interface between internally mixed but segregated aqueous and DNAPL phases. Two parameters, the aqueous phase concentration at equilibrium and the overall film mass transfer coefficient, were quantified by simulating aqueous concentration profiles with a mass-transfer-limited rate model using a statistical parameter search and data fitting routine. DNAPL phase activity coefficient values for the various compounds ...

PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

The latest report on Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins Industry Market divided by product type, applications, industry verticals and research regions presents growth perspectives, and comprehensive market statistics. An up-to-date Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins market analysis projects the demand, supply, market share and revenue analysis from 2020-2026. Various Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins industry verticals are featured in the study along with competitive industry scenario. A lucrative product overview, growth enhancers, market risks, industry plans and policies are covered. The Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins research highlights the information related to market dynamics and authentic numbers fueling the growth and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins industry development on a global scale.. The Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins report is well-structured to portray Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resins market scenario on a global and regional level. The regional scope of the study covers key regions namely North America, Europe, ...

Aromaticity-antiaromaticity switch upon singlet-triplet transition of some biologically and synthetically important monoheterocycles (heteroatom = N, O, Si, P, and S) derived from benzene, naphthalene and anthracene was studied by employing energetic, magnetic and structural aromaticity criteria, at the density functional theory (DFT) level. The relationship between spin density distribution, (anti)aromaticity and singlet-triplet energy gaps, in the studied molecules, was found. In general, spin delocalization results in antiaromaticity, spin density localization to one ring in bi- and tricycles localizes antiaromaticity and spin localization on a heteroatom reduces global and local antiaromaticity. The latter reaches nonaromaticity in the case of silicon atoms which have larger orbitals and show more tendency to accept unpaired electrons. Spin density localization in bi- and tricycles allows benzene subunit(s) to develop local aromaticity, which, when combined with nonaromatic silacycle and ...

Quantum-Topology-Atoms-in-Molecules (QTAIM) distills the topology of ρ into key points called critical points. One of these having two negative eigenvalues of the density Hessian at that point (and hence a trace of -1) is labelled a bond critical point. In benzene, sensibly enough, it appears at the mid point of each C-C bond. At this point, it presumably reflects the σ contributions to the density far more than the π contributions. Indeed, its a node for the π system. So an aromaticity metric that uses a region of ρ that represents a node in the π distribution is indeed an interesting one! Of course, we now know that the six-fold symmetry of benzene is due to the σ framework, and not the π manifold. Is that what Shannon aromaticity measures? This leaves magnetic aromaticity, i.e the magnetic response we call a ring current, a quite different measure. Here again of course, the magnetic response of the σ and π electrons is quite different.. ...

GC Application #16187: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): US and EU Analytes on ZB-MR1. Column used: Zebron™ ZB-MultiResidue™-1, GC Cap. Column 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm, Ea Part#: 7HG-G016-11

Körner studied chemistry at Giessen, where he graduated in 1860. In 1866, he became assistant to Kekulé at Ghent. In 1867, when Kekulé was called to Bonn, Körner left Ghent for Palermo where entered the laboratory of Stanislao Cannizzaro, and occupied himself with the study of the aromatic compounds. Besides his work on aromatic compounds, his interest in botany led him to the study of many vegetable substances. In 1870, he accepted the chair of organic chemistry at Scuola Superiore di Agricoltura (School of Agriculture, University of Milan), where he retained until 1922, when for reasons of health he resigned his chair at the age of 83. ...

DDQ/H+ oxidation system which is known to oxidize a variety of aromatic donors with oxidation potential as high as 1.8 V vs. SCE to the corresponding cation radicals can be effectively employed for the preparation of a variety of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The development of DDQ/H+ oxidation system for oxidative C-C bond formation (or Scholl reaction) also allowed us to provide insight into the controversial arenium-ion (proton transfer) versus cation-radical (electron transfer) pathways for the Scholl reaction. A series of carefully-designed experiments provided evidences in support of cation radical pathway for the Scholl reaction. A detailed case study of oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of tetraveratrylethylene was also undertaken using a variety of traditional !-electron oxidants (such as FeCi}, NO+BF4-, and DDQ/H+), in order to further probe the arenium ion versus cation radical pathways for the Scholl reaction. This case study further asserted that oxidative C-C bond formations most likely occur

Essential Oils Are Complex Mixtures of Aromatic CompoundsEssential oils are made of volatile aromatic compounds. Volatile aromatic compounds are small organic molecules that tend to change from the liquid state to the gas state at room temperature. You know, these molecules are so incredibly small that a single drop of

Advances in Polycarbonates includes such topics as theory and modelling, synthesis of new polycarbonates, characterization, development of enhanced properties in polycarbonates (such as conductivity, weatherability, higher heat or better low temperature ductility), recycling, and process chemistry. A variety of international researchers from industry, government, and academia have provided a diverse array of recent research.

Reactions of Aromatic Compounds: A Reaction Map. Lets map out all of the reactions weve learned in this section on aromatic rings + substituents. The list comes to about 25, including the six key electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, the Wolff-Kishner and Clemmensen, reduction of nitro groups, the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, sidechain oxidation, desulfonylation, and amine protection.. Also included is a few reactions we actually havent covered yet - such as diazonium salt formation and Sandmeyer reactions. These are often covered in the chapter on amines, but theyre going in here regardless.. File: (PNG). Alternatively: (PDF). ...

Among inactive halogenated aromatic compounds, in particular, chlorinated aromatic compounds have extremely low reactivity as compared to corresponding halogenated aromatic compounds of non-chlorinated series and no effective reaction agent or catalyst have been available . However, because the above described chlorinated compounds are industrially producible and available at a low price, recently, various kinds of reaction agents and catalysts have been developed to achieve the nucleophilic substitution reaction of inactive chlorinated aromatic compounds. For example, in L. I. Goryunov and V. D. Shteingarts, Russ. J. Org. Chem., 29, 1849-1855 (1993), it is disclosed that using Rh complex, which is expensive and difficult to be industrially produced, as a catalyst and chlorobenzene as a raw material, methoxybenzene can be obtained in the yield of 60 to 75% by reacting the chlorobenzene at reaction temperature between 80°C and 180°C for 4 days to 1 hour. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,315,043 or U.S. Pat. ...

Aromatic compounds are important contaminants that limit the intended uses of water resources. Both polar and non-polar substances, such as phenols, aromatic sulfonates, lignin-sulfonic acids, humic and fulvic substances (acids) and mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, their alkyl-substituted derivatives, respectively, are among the potential aromatic micropollutants. During the last 5 - 10 years, an analytical approach has been developed on the basis of total fluorescence measurement of the original water sample and its organic solvent (cyclohexane) extract. It has been demonstrated and verified that polar aromatic compounds fluoresce only in the original water sample, whereas non-polar (hydrophobic) compounds fluoresce in an organic solvent (e.g. cyclohexane) extract. During extraction, polar compounds remain in the water sample. This method has been used in a country-wide survey in drinking water aquifers, as well as in several environmental impact assessment studies, particularly for ...

The gram-negative metal-reducing microorganism, previously known as strain GS-15, was further characterized. This strict anaerobe oxidizes several short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Furthermore, acetate is also oxidized with the reduction of Mn(IV), U(VI), and nitrate. In whole cell suspensions, the c-type cytochrome(s) of this organism was oxidized by physiological electron acceptors and also by gold, silver, mercury, and chromate. Menaquinone was recovered in concentrations comparable to those previously found in gram-negative sulfate reducers. Profiles of the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids indicated that both the anaerobic desaturase and the branched pathways for fatty acid biosynthesis were operative. The organism contained three lipopolysaccharide hydroxy fatty acids which have not been previously reported in microorganisms, but have been observed in anaerobic freshwater sediments. The 16S rRNA sequence indicated ...

Thermoplastic compositions are described, containing a cycloaliphatic polyester resin, along with selected polycarbonates or copolycarbonates. The polycarbonates are usually based on dihydroxydiphenyl cyclohexanes, or on bisphenols prepared from cyclic monoterpene precursors. The compositions may be transparent or translucent. Moreover, they may include a rubbery impact modifier. Related processes and articles are also described.

However, there are many molecules where lone pair DO participate to aromaticity. Below are several examples. Take furan for example; oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons. One of them is in a geometry parallel to the pi-bond system. Therefore, these electrons DO participate in the pi-bond system and add 2 electrons the pi-bond count resulting in 4*1+2=6 electrons, therefore furan is aromatic. Imidiazole is molecule that has two nitrogen atoms; one nitrogen participating in pi-bonding and not contributing lone pairs, while the other is not participating in pi-bonding but contributes electrons the pi-bond count. The 4*1+2=6 electron count for imidazole renders it aromatic.. ...

Interestingly, over half of the plants listed above are in the mint family (Lamiaceae) except for marigolds (Asteraceae or composite family), lemongrass (Poaceae or grass family), garlic (Alliaceae or onion family) and petunias (Solanaceae or nightshade family). The Lamiaceae are frequently aromatic, which is why they are so popular for cooking, but aromatic compounds are often a plants defense against herbivory, which is why plants in the mint family are so good at repelling insects and other pests. Luckily for us humans, we find many of these plant odors attractive, so why not plant a few or all of these garden selections to enjoy a fragrant and relatively bug-free summer ...

Understanding of interactions among molecules is essential to elucidate the binding of pharmaceuticals on receptors, the mechanism of protein folding and self-assembling of organic molecules. While interactions between two aromatic molecules have been examined extensively, little is known about the interactions between two antiaromatic molecules. Theoretical investigations have predicted that antiaromatic molecules should be stabilized when they stack with each other by attractive intermolecular interactions. Here, we report the synthesis of a cyclophane, in which two antiaromatic porphyrin moieties adopt a stacked face-to-face geometry with a distance shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of the atoms involved. The aromaticity in this cyclophane has been examined experimentally and theoretically. This cyclophane exhibits three-dimensional spatial current channels between the two subunits, which corroborates the existence of attractive interactions between two antiaromatic π-systems. Little

TY - JOUR. T1 - Aromaticity in catalysis: metal ligand cooperation via ligand dearomatization and rearomatization. AU - Huang, Kuo-Wei. AU - Goncalves, Theo. AU - Dutta, Indranil. N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-02-15 Acknowledgements: Financial support and the service of Ibex, Shaheen 2 High Performance Computing Facilities were provided by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).. PY - 2021/2/9. Y1 - 2021/2/9. N2 - Unlike the conventional model of transition metal catalysis, ligands in metal-ligand cooperative (or bifunctional) catalysis are involved in the substrate activations. Such processes have offered unique mechanistic understandings and led.... AB - Unlike the conventional model of transition metal catalysis, ligands in metal-ligand cooperative (or bifunctional) catalysis are involved in the substrate activations. Such processes have offered unique mechanistic understandings and led.... UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/667365. UR - ...

The first comprehensive theoretical investigation of structural, energetic, and electronic changes in a sumanene skeleton, C21H12, upon a step-wise deprotonation process is performed. This study is complemented by a detailed consideration of aromaticity in target bowl-shaped systems, including neutral sumane

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, On the Question of Stability, Conjugation, and Aromaticity in Imidazol-2-ylidenes and Their Silicon Analogs Christoph Heinemann, Thomas Mu1ller, Yitzhak Apeloig,*,

Microorganisms are known to be capable of degrading diverse chemical substances including man-made chemicals in the environment that are mostly aromatic compounds. This diagram illustrates combination patterns of reaction modules for biodegradation of aromatic compounds, consisting of three main types of ring dihydroxylation modules, followed by meta- or ortho-cleavage modules, together with an optional preprocessing module for converting methyl group to carboxyl group on the aromatic ring ...

As a departmental teaching fellow, my efforts are devoted to undergraduate teaching. I lecture on Aromatic and Enolate Chemistry (part IB chemistry B) and Aromatic Heterocycles and Medicinal Chemistry (part III chemistry), and am a senior demonstrator in the part II organic, part IB organic and part IB physical labs. I am a bye-fellow of Pembroke College where I am Director of Studies (DoS) for Chemistry and am also Chemistry DoS at Newnham. I supervise IA chemistry, IB chemistry A and B, and selected part II and part III chemistry courses ...

see article for more examples. Abstract. A mild, complete hydrogenation of aromatic rings catalyzed by heterogeneous 10% Rh/C proceeds at 80 C in water under 5 atm of H2 pressure and is applicable to the hydrogenation of various carbon and heteroaromatic compounds such as alkylbenzenes, biphenyls, pyridines and furans.. ...

Aromatic Compounds Market Report offered by Market Size Forecasters gives a market overview of the Aromatic Compounds industry which covers product scope, market revenue, opportunities, growth rate, sales volumes and figures, the report also explores the worldwide players of the market and is segmented by region, type and application with forecast to 2022.

I give tutorial classes in organic chemistry throughout the three years of the course. Much of the teaching is problem based in order to build up both mechanistic and synthetic expertise across a broad range of the subject. There is some [but not much] specialisation in the third year; if you choose some of the topics I know little about, you will be taught by experts in other colleges on an exchange arrangement. In the department I give second year lecture courses on saturated ring chemistry, and on oxidation and reduction in organic chemistry. I also organise and contribute to a second year supplementary subject on aromatic heterocyclic and pharmaceutical chemistry. ...

Biography. During my master project in Biomedical Chemistry at the TU/e I studied ring-chain equilibria in a host-guest system based on aromatic peptides and cucurbit[8]uril. After this I joined the Shih-group at the Wyss institute in Boston for an internship. In this internship the research was focused on DNA-origami, drug delivery and the activation of the human immune system. ...

1AQX: Structures of class pi glutathione S-transferase from human placenta in complex with substrate, transition-state analogue and inhibitor.

Dr King reports relationships with Aclaris Therapeutics, Concert Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Regeneron. Dr Guttman reports relationships with AbbVie, Almirall, Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Asana Biosciences, Celgene, Dermira, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma Research & Development, Glenmark Generics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Leo Pharma, Medimmune, Mitsibushi Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, sanofi-aventis, Sanofi/Regeneron, Stiefel, and Vitae Pharmaceuticals. Dr Meisenheimer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. ...

항암제로 약효가 뛰어난 Streptonigrin은 독성이 강한 단점이 있어서 많은 학자들이 새로운 항암제의 개발을 시도하고있다. 최근 보고된 Johnson연구진의 보고에 의하면 Streptonigrin의 모핵인 Quinoline-5,5-dione유도체가 강한 항암효과를 가지고 있는것으로 알려졌다. 본 실험에서는 분자내 고리화 반응을 통해 Quinoline-5,8-dione을 모핵으로 한 Pyridino[2,3, f]-indole-4,9-dione유도체와 기타 heteroaromatic compound를 합성하였다. 즉, 6,7-Dichloro-quinoline-5,8-dione을 NH_(4)0H 존재하에서 α-cyanoethylester와 반응시켜 6-( α -cyano- α -ethoxycarbonyl -methyl )-7-chloro-quinoline-5,8-dione(compoundⅠ )을 합성하였다. 이를 지방족아민과 반응시켜서 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-N-alkyl-pyridino[2, 3, f] indole-4,9-dione 유도체(compoundⅡa-e)를 얻었으나 방향족아민과의 반응에서는 분자내 고리화 반응이 일어나지않고 친핵성 치환 반응만이 ...

Name: Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds > Aromatic compound synthesis > From alicyclic > Polycyclic product or with olefinic unsaturation in ...

This video lecture, part of the series Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity (2010) by Prof. Peter C. Vollhardt, does not currently have a detailed description and video lecture title. If you have watched this lecture and know what it is about, particularly what Chemistry topics are discussed, please help us by commenting on this video with your suggested description and title. Many thanks from ...

The blog mainly contains Study guides for various topics in JEE Syllabus and Revision material of Chemistry. Model questions and Practice Questions are provided in separate blogs.. ...

It has been demonstrated previously that some adducts formed between endogenously activated polyaromatic hydrocarbons and DNA lead to significant stabilization of the DNA secondary structure (Lukin et al., 2011; Zaliznyak et al., 2006). Systematic study o

Rings are calculated using MIB by molinspiration.com. We calculate Bemis-Murcko Scaffolds (argument: -scaffold). For each BM Scaffold, we enumerate ring systems (argument: -ringSystems). For each ring system, we enumerate simple rings (argument: -simpleRings). We have to fudge a bit on simple rings that break aromaticity, tautomers and so on. We hope that this ring-based view of purchasable chemical space will be useful notwithstanding a few problems. Like all of ZINC, you must agree to use it at your own risk. NB as of March 13, 2012, only about 10% of the molecules in ZINC have been processed for rings. We expect to have 95% coverage by April 1, 2012. ...

The invention relates to the use of N-isobutylamide 2E, 4E-decadien acid (trans-pellitorin) in the form of an aromatic substance, in particular a saliva stimulating aromatic substance preferably for food, buccal hygiene or gustatory preparations. The preparations, semifinished products, compounds of odorant, aromatic and gustatory substances which contain trans-pellitorin and a method for the production of said trans-pellitorin are also disclosed.

View Notes - Chapter 16 September 19 from CHEM 234-54 at UGA. however: 3 2.) Reduction of Aryl Alkyl Ketones : Example: A neighboring (adjacent) aromatic ring activates carbonyl groups for reduction

Returns the number of aromatic rings in the molecule. This number is calculated from the smallest set of smallest aromatic rings (SSSAR), which might contain rings that are not part of the standard SSSR ring set. As a consequence, the sum of the aliphatic ring count and the aromatic ring count can sometimes be greater than the ring count value. The difference is the sign of a macroaromatic ring system. ...

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SPE Supra-Clean NH2-S (Amino) Column, 100 mg/1 mL is recommended for extracting polar to mid-polar aromatic compounds when analyzing basic compounds, polar amine compounds, and carbohydrates.

SPE Supra-Clean Phenyl (PH-S) 96 Well Plate, 100 mg/2 mL. Recommended for extracting non-polar to mid-polar aromatic compounds when analyzing Benzodiazepines in biological matrices.

Natures Own all natural terpenes are an effects-rich terpenes base combined with a variety of other aromatic compounds.The Natures Own proprietary blend of our all natural terpenes mix.

StoryAP to archiwum ludzkich historii z całego świata uruchomione w ramach europejskiego projektu StoryDec. Wierzymy, że opowiadanie historii ma ogromny potencjał do zmiany.

AROMATICS, also known as arenes, is any of a large class of unsaturated chemical compounds characterized by one or more planar rings of atoms joined by covalent bonds of two different kinds ...

GenDR A curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling.. ...