TY - JOUR. T1 - 70-kD heat shock-related protein is one of at least two distinct cytosolic factors stimulating protein import into mitochondria. (共著). AU - Murakami, Hiroshi. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. M3 - Article. VL - 107. SP - 2051. EP - 2057. JO - J. Cell Biol.. JF - J. Cell Biol.. IS - 6. ER - ...

Small heat shock protein HspB8: its distribution in Alzheimers disease brains s inhibition of amyloid-beta protein aggregation and cerebrovascular d-beta toxicity ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The paradox of smooth muscle physiology. AU - Woodrum, David A.. AU - Brophy, Colleen M.. PY - 2001/5/25. Y1 - 2001/5/25. N2 - Vascular smooth muscle tone is controlled by a balance between the cellular signaling pathways that mediate the generation of force (contraction) and the release of force (relaxation). The signaling events that activate contraction include Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain phosphorylation. The signaling events that mediate relaxation include the removal of a contractile agonist (passive relaxation) and activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways in the continued presence of a contractile agonist (active relaxation). The major questions that remain in contractile physiology include (1) how is tonic force maintained when intracellular Ca2+ levels and myosin light chain phosphorylation have returned to basal levels; and (2) what is the mechanism of cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation? This review focuses on these specific controversies ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

The motif identified in preSSU is recognized specifically by wheat germ 14-3-3 proteins in vitro, even though it is not phosphorylated (Figure 1B), whereas interaction with preF1β could not be observed (Figure 1B). Phosphorylation of the transit sequence converts this peptide motif into a binding site that has much higher binding affinity for 14-3-3 (Muslin et al., 1996; Andrews et al., 1998). This is also supported by the observation that 14-3-3 dissociates from nonphosphorylated preSSU (as used in Figure 1) at ∼100 mM NaCl, whereas the phosphorylated precursor, that is, after translation in a wheat germ lysate, does not dissociate from 14-3-3 at 150 mM NaCl (as used in the coimmunoprecipitation experiments shown in Figure 2). Within this heterooligomeric complex, 14-3-3 cooperates with Hsp70 and perhaps with additional, as yet unidentified, components. The formation of the precursor guidance complex keeps the preprotein in a highly import-competent state, whereas the free, noncomplexed ...

SHOCK®: Injury, Inflammation, and Sepsis: Laboratory and Clinical Approaches includes studies of novel therapeutic approaches, such as immunomodulation, gene therapy, nutrition, and others. The mission of the Journal is to foster and promote multidisciplinary studies, both experimental and clinical in nature, that critically examine the etiology, mechanisms and novel therapeutics of shock-related pathophysiological conditions. Its purpose is to excel as a vehicle for timely publication in the areas of basic and clinical studies of shock, trauma, sepsis, inflammation, ischemia, and related pathobiological states, with particular emphasis on the biologic mechanisms that determine the response to such injury. Making such information available will ultimately facilitate improved care of the traumatized or septic individual. SHOCK® is also privileged to have fourteen distinguished Associate Editors, as well as a diverse group of editorial board members from various parts of the world, who enjoy the

SHOCK®: Injury, Inflammation, and Sepsis: Laboratory and Clinical Approaches includes studies of novel therapeutic approaches, such as immunomodulation, gene therapy, nutrition, and others. The mission of the Journal is to foster and promote multidisciplinary studies, both experimental and clinical in nature, that critically examine the etiology, mechanisms and novel therapeutics of shock-related pathophysiological conditions. Its purpose is to excel as a vehicle for timely publication in the areas of basic and clinical studies of shock, trauma, sepsis, inflammation, ischemia, and related pathobiological states, with particular emphasis on the biologic mechanisms that determine the response to such injury. Making such information available will ultimately facilitate improved care of the traumatized or septic individual. SHOCK® is also privileged to have fourteen distinguished Associate Editors, as well as a diverse group of editorial board members from various parts of the world, who enjoy the

Hsp27, a small heat-shock protein, has important roles in many cellular processes, including cytoskeleton dynamics, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Its expression in normal epidermis correlates with differentiation; however, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms involved. In this study, we report that Hsp27 undergoes upregulation, phosphorylation, and redistribution to the cytoskeleton during the late phase of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. Our results also show that the expression of the dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase (DLK), an upstream activator of the MAP kinase pathways, is sufficient by itself to induce Hsp27 phosphorylation, cell periphery localization, and redistribution to the insoluble protein fraction (cytoskeleton) in poorly differentiated keratinocytes. This redistribution correlates with the insolubilization of cornified envelope-associated proteins such as involucrin. Interestingly, the effects of DLK on Hsp27 were blocked by PD98059, a selective ...

Even though umbilical cord arteries are a common source of vascular smooth muscle cells, the lack of reliable marker profiles have not facilitated the isol

The heat-inducible members of the Hsp100 (or Clp) family of proteins share a common function in helping organisms to survive extreme stress, but the basic mechanism through which these proteins function is not understood. Hsp104 protects cells against a variety of stresses, under many physiological …

Based on the above mentioned observations in Csátalja meteorite the less shocked (only fractured) part witnessed 2-6 GPa shock pressure with temperature below 100 °C. The moderately shocked parts (minerals with mosaicism and mechanical twins) witnessed 5-10 GPa pressure and 900 °C temperature. The strongly shocked area (many olivine and pyroxene grains) was subject to 10-15 GPa and 1000 °C. The existence of broad peak near 510 cm− 1 and disappearance of other peaks of feldspar at 480 and 570 cm− 1 indicate the presence of maskelynite, which proposes that the peak shock pressure could reach 20 GPa at certain locations. We identified higher shock levels than earlier works in this meteorite and provided examples how heterogeneous the shock effect and level could be at small spatial scale. The provided reference spectra support the future improvement for the standardization of infrared ATR based methods and the understanding of shock-related mineral alterations beyond the optical ...

Complete information for HSPB6 gene (Protein Coding), Heat Shock Protein Family B (Small) Member 6, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Parallel experiments in living cells and in vitro were undertaken to characterize the mechanism by which misfolded and unassembled glycoproteins are retained in the ER. A thermoreversible folding mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein called ts045 was analyzed. At 39 degrees C, newly synthesized G failed to fold correctly according to several criteria: intrachain disulfide bonds were incomplete; the B2 epitope was absent; and the protein was associated with immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP), a heat shock-related, ER protein. When the temperature was lowered to 32 degrees C, these properties were reversed, and the protein was transported to the cell surface. Upon the shift up from 32 degrees C back to 39 degrees C, G protein in the ER returned to the misfolded form and was retained, while the protein that had reached a pre-Golgi compartment or beyond was thermostable and remained transport competent. The misfolding reaction could be reconstituted in a cell free system ...

Contractile agonists can mobilize Ca2+ from both intracellular and extracellular stores in smooth muscle. This study addresses the role of Ca2+ mobilization as it relates to the complex manner by which Ca2+ regulates the contractile system in smooth muscle. In swine carotid media, both histamine and phenylephrine produced initial rapid increases in myosin phosphorylation and stress. Stress was sustained for the duration of the stimulus while myosin phosphorylation slowly declined to steady-state levels. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ or elimination of cellular Ca2+ influx did not dramatically reduce the initial rapid increase in myosin phosphorylation produced by either agonist but reduced steady-state levels of myosin phosphorylation to basal values. Initial rapid increases in stress were seen, but stress was not maintained. Following depletion of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscle activation by Ca2+ influx in the presence of phenylephrine occurred without an initial transient in myosin ...

Any of a group of proteins in living cells that assist newly synthesized or denatured proteins to fold into their functional three-dimensional structures. The chaperones bind to the protein and prevent improper interactions within the polypeptide chain, so that it assumes the correct folded orientation. This process may require energy in the form of ATP. Other functions include assisting the translocation of proteins across the membranes of cell organelles and binding denatured proteins under stress conditions or in degenerative disease. There are several unrelated families of chaperones, including five classes of heat-shock proteins - HSP25 (small heat-shock proteins), HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP100 - chaperonins, calnexin, and calreticulin. ...

heat-shock protein (HSP) Any of various proteins that are synthesized by living cells in response to increased temperature. They occur in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and function mainly as molecular chaperones, protecting the cells proteins as they become unfolded due to heating and enabling them to refold correctly. Source for information on heat-shock protein: A Dictionary of Biology dictionary.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Heat-shock proteins as dendritic cell-targeting vaccines - getting warmer. AU - McNulty, Shaun. AU - Colaco, Camilo. AU - Blandford, Lucy. AU - Bailey, Christopher. AU - Baschieri, Selene. AU - Todryk, Stephen. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Heat-shock proteins (hsp) provide a natural link between innate and adaptive immune responses by combining the ideal properties of antigen carriage (chaperoning), targeting and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), including dendritic cells (DC). Targeting is achieved through binding of hsp to distinct cell surface receptors and is followed by antigen internalization, processing and presentation. An improved understanding of the interaction of hsp with DC has driven the development of numerous hsp-containing vaccines, designed to deliver antigens directly to DC. Studies in mice have shown that for cancers, such vaccines generate impressive immune responses and protection from tumour challenge. However, translation to human use, as for ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinical algorithm for initial fluid resuscitation in disasters. AU - Shoemaker, W. C.. AU - Kvetan, V.. AU - Fyodorov, V.. AU - Kram, H. B.. PY - 1991/1/1. Y1 - 1991/1/1. N2 - This article reviews past experience with branch-chain decision trees for fluid resuscitation of various emergency conditions and analyzes the effects of compliance with the algorithm on mortality and shock-related complications. On the basis of this analysis, the authors propose a new algorithm for fluid resuscitation of mass casualties when only palpable systolic blood pressure is available and when blood pressure, hematocrit, central venous pressure, urine output, and arterial blood gases are available.. AB - This article reviews past experience with branch-chain decision trees for fluid resuscitation of various emergency conditions and analyzes the effects of compliance with the algorithm on mortality and shock-related complications. On the basis of this analysis, the authors propose a new algorithm ...

article{c39ed0c6-71b3-44bd-ae7d-1c63648fa85e, abstract = {,p,The small heat shock protein (sHsp) chaperones are crucial for cell survival and can prevent aggregation of client proteins that partially unfold under destabilizing conditions. Most investigations on the chaperone activity of sHsps are based on a limited set of thermosensitive model substrate client proteins since the endogenous targets are often not known. There is a high diversity among sHsps with a single conserved β-sandwich fold domain defining the family, the α-crystallin domain, whereas the N-terminal and C-terminal regions are highly variable in length and sequence among various sHsps and conserved only within orthologues. The endogenous targets are probably also varying among various sHsps, cellular compartments, cell type and organism. Here we have investigated Hsp21, a non-metazoan sHsp expressed in the chloroplasts in green plants which experience huge environmental fluctuations not least in temperature. We describe how ...

Heat Shock Protein 22, human recombinant protein, HSPB8 H11 HMN2 CMT2L DHMN2, E2IG1, HMN2A, HSP22, Heat shock protein β-8, α-crystallin C chain, Smal validated in (PBV10440r-10), Abgent

Over the last few years, some of our experiments in which mycobacterial heat-shock protein HSP antigens were presented to the immune system as if they were viral antigens have had a significant impact on our understanding of protective immunity against tuberculosis. They have also markedly enhanced the prospects for new vaccines. We now know...

Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies (dHMNs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders in which motor neurons selectively undergo age-dependant degeneration. Mutations in the small heat-shock protein HSPB1 (HSP27) are responsible for one form of dHMN. In this study, we have analysed the effect of expressing a form of mutant HSPB1 in primary neuronal cells in culture. Mutant (P182L) but not wild-type HSPB1 led to the formation of insoluble intracellular aggregates and to the sequestration in the cytoplasm of selective cellular components, including neurofilament middle chain subunit (NF-M) and p150 dynactin. These findings suggest a possible pathogenic mechanism for HSPB1 whereby the mutation may lead to preferential motor neuron loss by disrupting selective components essential for axonal structure and transport.

Study Highlights: A four-year follow-up study of athletes with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) found they suffered no irregular heartbeats, shock-related injuries or deaths while competing. ICD patients should talk to their doctors about their individual risks of participating in competitive sports.

Missense mutations (K141N and K141E) in the α-crystallin domain of the small heat shock protein HSPB8 (HSP22) cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy (distal HMN) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2L (CMT2L). The mechanism through which mutant HSPB8 leads to a specific motor neuron disease phenotype is currently unknown. To address this question, we compared the effect of mutant HSPB8 in primary neuronal and glial cell cultures. In motor neurons, expression of both HSPB8 K141N and K141E mutations clearly resulted in neurite degeneration, as manifested by a reduction in number of neurites per cell, as well as in a reduction in average length of the neurites. Furthermore, expression of the K141E (and to a lesser extent, K141N) mutation also induced spheroids in the neurites. We did not detect any signs of apoptosis in motor neurons, showing that mutant HSPB8 resulted in neurite degeneration without inducing neuronal death. While overt in motor neurons, these phenotypes were only very mildly ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Structural and Mechanical Hierarchies in the α-Crystallin Domain Dimer of the Hyperthermophilic Small Heat Shock Protein Hsp16.5. AU - Bertz, Morten. AU - Chen, Jin. AU - Feige, Matthias J.. AU - Franzmann, Titus M.. AU - Buchner, Johannes. AU - Rief, Matthias. PY - 2010/7. Y1 - 2010/7. N2 - In biological systems, proteins rarely act as isolated monomers. Association to dimers or higher oligomers is a commonly observed phenomenon. As an example, small heat shock proteins form spherical homo-oligomers of mostly 24 subunits, with the dimeric α-crystallin domain as the basic structural unit. The structural hierarchy of this complex is key to its function as a molecular chaperone. In this article, we analyze the folding and association of the basic building block, the α-crystallin domain dimer, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Hsp16.5 in detail. Equilibrium denaturation experiments reveal that the α-crystallin domain dimer is highly stable against ...

In Leuconostoc oenos, different stresses such as heat, ethanol, and acid shocks dramatically induce the expression of an 18-kDa small heat shock protein called Lo 18. The corresponding gene (hsp18) was cloned from a genomic library of L. oenos constructed in Escherichia coli. A 2.3-kb DNA fragment carrying the hsp18 gene was sequenced. The hsp18 gene encodes a polypeptide of 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16,938 Da. The Lo18 protein has a significant identity with small heat shock proteins of the alpha-crystallin family. The transcriptional start site was determined by primer extension. This experiment allowed us to identify the promoter region exhibiting high similarity to consensus promoter sequences of gram-positive bacteria, as well as E. coli. Northern blot analysis showed that hsp18 consists of a unique transcription unit of 0.6 kb. Moreover, hsp18 expression seemed to be controlled at the transcriptional level. This small heat shock protein was found to be ...

Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear or petrous apex. The molecular and cellular processes of the pathogenesis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma have not been fully understood. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the roles of specific proteins in the pathways regarding keratinocyte proliferation in cholesteatoma. The differential proteins were detected by comparing the two-dimension electrophoresis (2-DE) maps of the epithelial tissues of 12 attic cholesteatomas with those of retroauricular skins. There were 14 upregulated proteins in the epithelial tissues of cholesteatoma in comparison with retroauricular skin. The modulation of five crucial proteins, HSP27, PRDX2, GRP75, GRP78 and GRP94, was further determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of HSP27 at Ser-82 was identified by mass spectroscopy. The results of this study suggested that phosphorylated HSP27

Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear or petrous apex. The molecular and cellular processes of the pathogenesis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma have not been fully understood. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the roles of specific proteins in the pathways regarding keratinocyte proliferation in cholesteatoma. The differential proteins were detected by comparing the two-dimension electrophoresis (2-DE) maps of the epithelial tissues of 12 attic cholesteatomas with those of retroauricular skins. There were 14 upregulated proteins in the epithelial tissues of cholesteatoma in comparison with retroauricular skin. The modulation of five crucial proteins, HSP27, PRDX2, GRP75, GRP78 and GRP94, was further determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of HSP27 at Ser-82 was identified by mass spectroscopy. The results of this study suggested that phosphorylated HSP27

Retinal diseases, such as hereditary retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, are characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is considered as a stress surveillance factor and a potential target for neuroprotection and regeneration. Overexpression of HDAC6 has been connected to neurodegenerative disorders, and its suppression may provide protection. Here we show that HDAC6 is constitutively present in the mouse retina, and in the cone-like mouse cell line 661W. In 661W cells HDAC6 inhibition by the specific inhibitor tubastatin A (TST) led to the acetylation of α-tubulin, which is a major substrate for HDAC6. After oxidative stress, exerted by hydrogen peroxide, TST promoted cell survival and the upregulation of heat-shock proteins HSP70 and HSP25 by activation of heat-shock transcription factor 1. Furthermore, in response to oxidative stress the redox regulatory protein peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) was modulated in 661W cells by HDAC6 inhibition.

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Helianthus annuus hsp17.6 G1 protein: a small heat-shock protein from sunflower; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank Z95153

Chen X, Lin S, Liu Q, Huang J, Zhang W, Lin J, Wang Y, Ke Y, He H. Expression and interaction of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in rice in response to heat stress. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics, 2014, 1844 (4): 818-828. ...

HSPB1 (Heat-Shock 27 kDa Protein 1), Authors: Ewa Laskowska, Dorota Kuczyńska-Wiśnik, Ewelina Matuszewska. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited neuromuscular disease and is characterized by considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We previously reported a Russian family with autosomal dominant axonal CMT and assigned the locus underlying the disease (CMT2F; OMIM 606595) to chromosome 7q11-q21 (ref. 2). Here we report a missense mutation in the gene encoding 27-kDa small heat-shock protein B1 (HSPB1, also called HSP27) that segregates in the family with CMT2F. Screening for mutations in HSPB1 in 301 individuals with CMT and 115 individuals with distal hereditary motor neuropathies (distal HMNs) confirmed the previously observed mutation and identified four additional missense mutations. We observed the additional HSPB1 mutations in four families with distal HMN and in one individual with CMT neuropathy. Four mutations are located in the Hsp20-alpha-crystallin domain, and one mutation is in the C-terminal part of the HSP27 protein. Neuronal cells transfected with mutated HSPB1

Infections and autoimmunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cytomegalovirus has been shown to contribute to the disease. Autoantibodies against human heat-shock protein (HSP) 60 are present in most atherosclerotic patients, and their titre correlates with disease severity, suggesting that anti-HSP60 might be implicated in disease pathogenesis. We postulated that cytomegalovirus infection might induce antibodies able to bind human HSP60 and to cause endothelial-cell damage. METHODS: We studied 180 patients with coronary-artery disease, raised high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations, and presence or absence of traditional risk factors; 90 patients with coronary-artery disease, normal values for high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and no traditional risk factors; and 98 controls. Individual sera were used to define the relevant epitope of HSP60 by ELISA. Affinity purified IgGs were used to identify endothelial cell-surface ligands by western blot and to ...

Effect of long term heat stress and dietary restriction on the expression of small heat shock protein sHSP genes in rat liver tissue ...

Under changes in conditions as diverse as temperature, oxidation or pH, proteins in an organism may undergo harmful denaturation. Small Heat Shock proteins act as paramedics of the cell: during such events they quicky intervene by binding nascently unfolding proteins, leading them to refolding or denaturation pathways. Small heat shock proteins are ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life, but especially effective in plants: after all, plants cannot escape from harsh environmental conditions!. Collaborating with Benesch (University of Oxford) and Vierling (UMass) groups, we have contributed to shedding light into the mode of action of small Heat Shock Proteins in wheat and pea.. We describe a mechanism whereby dimers of these proteins are responsible for capturing their substrate, before assemblying into larger complexes. With our own integrative modelling methods using distance restraints and collision cross-section measurements, we demonstrate that small heat shock protein dimers assemble into ...

The eleven students involved learned basic experimental design (with positive and negative controls), troubleshooting, a wide variety of laboratory techniques, and data collection, analysis and presentations skills. In addition, students learned to read and analyze scientific work from other labs since they are given scientific articles to read beginning on their first day in the lab. This project is in collaboration with Ivor Benjamin M.D., Ph.D. at the University of Utah, which allowed these students the unique opportunity of discussing their research with a larger audience once a month. In addition to intellectual enrichment, students learned to function as a team, with those more experienced (graduate students Kelsey Langston and Whitney Hayes) mentoring those who are new in the lab. As students progressed in their understanding of the project and mastery of basic laboratory skills, they become involved in planning our weekly group meeting, preparing figures for presentations/publications, ...

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SPIDER VEINS. Spider veins can be effectively treated using Sciton YAG Laser or Broad Band Light (BBL) energy that is selectively absorbed by the red blood cells. With the correct wavelengths and fluence, the capillaries will be heated so that the blood vessels will break down and shrink which leads to a reduction and appearance of the veins.. At Montana Medical Aesthetics we will determine what treatment or combination treatment would be most effective for you. Laser and BBL treatments can effectively treat spider veins and smaller varicose veins. Not all skin types and colors can be safely treated with BBL.. Constant Cooling helps make laser and BBL treatment more comfortable. Laser treatments last for 15 to 30 minutes. Generally, 2 to 5 treatments spaced about 12 weeks apart are needed for leg veins but treatments can be done as early as 4-6 weeks on the face. Laser therapy usually is not effective for varicose veins larger than 3 mm (about a tenth of an inch).. There is no downtime and you ...

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by peripheral thrombocyte destruction. In some autoimmune disorders, heat-shock proteins (HSP) are suggested to be an important antigenic factor. In this study, we demonstrated the serum free levels of HSP60, HSP70, anti-HSP60, and anti-HSP70 in ITP patients and healthy controls. Twenty-eight newly diagnosed ITP patients, 35 ITP patients in chronic phase, and 25 healthy controls were enrolled to this study. Serum levels of HSP60, HSP70, anti-HSP60, and anti-HSP70 were determined by the ELISA method. Serum HSP60 levels of newly diagnosed ITP patients were significantly decreased when compared with both chronic phase ITP patients and healthy controls. HSP60 levels of ITP patients (both newly diagnosed and chronic phase) with thrombocyte counts more than 30 x 10(9)/L were significantly increased compared with ITP patients with thrombocyte counts less than 30 x 10(9)/L and there was a positive correlation between thrombocyte counts ...

article{28a73216-cb79-4da4-9c2e-f0213dfb2b2d, abstract = {During evolution of land plants, a specific motif occurred in the N-terminal domain of the chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein, Hsp21: a sequence with highly conserved methionines, which is predicted to form an amphipathic -helix with the methionines situated along one side. The functional role of these conserved methionines is not understood. We have found previously that treatment, which causes methionine sulfoxidation in Hsp21, also leads to structural changes and loss of chaperone-like activity. Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Hsp21 protein were created by site-directed mutagenesis, whereby conserved methionines were substituted by oxidation-resistant leucines. Mutants lacking the only cysteine in Hsp21 were also created. Protein analyses by nondenaturing electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, and circular dichroism proved that sulfoxidation of the four highly conserved methionines (M49, M52, M55, and M59) is ...

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We report on a new cDNA clone (Qshsp10.4-CI) of a Quercus suber L. class-CI small heat-shock protein (sHsp) obtained from cork (phellem), a highly oxidatively stressed plant tissue. The deduced gene product lacks the C-terminal extension and the consensus I region of the alpha-crystallin domain, bei …

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DEM and RSI: 此 DEM 和 RSI 指标基于两个流行指标 - DeMarker + RSI。它的工作像一个半自动交易系统，识别超卖和超买级别，给出对应的开仓信号。 交易建议: 在任意货币对的任意时间帧图表上挂载指标 (它在 EURUSD M1 图表上显示最佳)。 当此时有买/卖信号 - 中文