Purchase Recombinant Epstein-Barr virus Latent membrane protein 1(LMP1),partial. It is produced in Yeast. High purity. Good price.
The Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen (VCA) IgM ELISA Kit is intended for the measurement of IgM antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen (VCA) in a sample. This kit utilizes Epstein-Barr VCA antigen (P3H3 cell extract, cultured in human Burkitt lymphoma cells).
TY - JOUR. T1 - Value of combined approach with thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography and Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase chain reaction in CSF for the diagnosis of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma. AU - Antinori, Andrea. AU - De Rossi, G.. AU - Ammassari, A.. AU - Cingolani, A.. AU - Murri, R.. AU - Di Giuda, D.. AU - De Luca, A.. AU - Pierconti, F.. AU - Tartaglione, T.. AU - Scerrati, M.. AU - Larocca, L. M.. AU - Ortona, L.. PY - 1999/2. Y1 - 1999/2. N2 - Purpose: To determine the diagnostic capability of thallium-201 (201Tl) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV-DNA) in CSF for the diagnosis of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Patients and Methods: All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with focal brain lesions observed between June 1996 and March 1998 underwent lumbar puncture and 201Tl SPECT. Each CSF sample was tested with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EBV-DNA. Results: ...
BioAssay record AID 288762 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of TPA-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation assessed as EBV-EA induction in Raji cells at 3.2 nM after 48 hrs relative to TPA.
Epstein-Barr virus early antigen: synthesized before or in the absence of viral-progeny DNA replication & present only in infected cells
TY - JOUR. T1 - Synthetic peptides deduced from the amino acid sequence of Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen 6 (EBNA 6). T2 - Antigenic properties, production of monoreactive reagents, and analysis of antibody responses in man. AU - Falk, K.. AU - Linde, A.. AU - Johnson, D.. AU - Lennette, E.. AU - Ernberg, I.. AU - Lundkvist, A.. PY - 1995/8. Y1 - 1995/8. N2 - Studies on the antibody responses to various Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) antigens have been instrumental in the understanding of the seroepidemiology and diagnosis of this viral infection and the subsequent carrier state. While antibodies to the viral capsid antigen (VCA), early antigen (EA), and nuclear antigens 1 and 2 (EBNA 1 and 2) have been well characterized, the antibody response to the other nuclear antigens is not well understood. EBNA 6 is expressed by lymphoblasts during acute EBV infection and may be an important antigen for diagnosis and evaluation of the immune response. In order to analyze the antibody response to EBNA ...
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The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigen diffuse component (EA-D) and its relationship with EBV DNA polymerase in EBV genome-carrying cells are unclear, EBV-specified DNA polymerase was purified in a sequential manner from Raji cells treated with phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and n-butyrate by phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose, double-stranded DNA-cellulose, and blue Sepharose column chromatography. Four polypeptides with molecular masses of 110,000, 100,000, 55,000, and 49,000 daltons were found to be associated with EBV-specified DNA polymerase activity. A monoclonal antibody which could neutralize the EBV DNA polymerase activity was prepared and found to recognize 55,000- and 49,000-dalton polypeptides. An EA-D monoclonal antibody, R3 (G. R. Pearson, V. Vorman, B. Chase, T. Sculley, M. Hummel, and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 47:183-201, 1983), was also able to recognize these same two polypeptides associated with EBV DNA polymerase activity. It was concluded that EBV EA-D polypeptides, as ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Retinoic acid inhibits IL-6-dependent but not constitutive STAT3 activation in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B lymphocytes.. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Background aims. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) belong to the most dreaded complications of immunosuppression. The efficacy of EBV-specific T-cell transfer for PTLD has been previously shown, yet the optimal choice of EBV-derived antigens inducing polyclonal CD4þ and CD8þ T cells that cover a wide range of human leukocyte antigen types and efficiently control PTLD remains unclear. Methods. A pool of 125 T-cell epitopes from seven latent and nine lytic EBV-derived proteins (EBVmix) and peptide pools of EBNA1, EBNA3c, LMP2a and BZLF1 were used to determine T-cell frequencies and to isolate T cells through the use of the interferon (IFN)-g cytokine capture system. We further evaluated the phenotype and functionality of the generated T-cell lines in vitro. Results. EBVmix induced significantly higher T-cell frequencies and allowed selecting more CD4þIFN-gþ and CD8þIFN-gþ cells than single peptide pools. T cells of all specificities ...
This study will examine the effects of long-term antiviral therapy with valaciclovir (Valtrex) on Epstein-Barr virus infection. This virus infects more
TY - JOUR. T1 - Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies with specific T cells. AU - Gottschalk, Stephen. AU - Heslop, Helen. AU - Rooney, Cliona M.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with a heterogeneous group of malignancies, including Burkitts lymphoma, Hodgkins disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and lymphoproliferative disease (LPD). The development of adoptive immunotherapies for these malignancies is being fueled by the successful generation of allogeneic donor derived EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) for the prevention and treatment of EBV-LPD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This approach is being extended to EBV-LPD after solid organ transplantation by use of autologous and haploidentical EBV-specific CTL. For other EBV-associated malignancies, there is only limited clinical experience with EBV-specific CTL. With few exceptions, only patients with recurrent Hodgkins disease have been treated with ...
PubMed journal article: High prevalence of immunoglobulin A antibody against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen in adult patients with lupus with disease flare: case control studies. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Detection and quantification of Epstein-Barr virus EBER1 in EBV-infected cells by fluorescent in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. AU - Stowe, Raymond P.. AU - Cubbage, Michael L.. AU - Sams, Clarence F.. AU - Pierson, Duane L.. AU - Barrett, Alan D.T.. PY - 1998/11/1. Y1 - 1998/11/1. N2 - A rapid and highly sensitive fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells in peripheral blood. Multiple fluorescein-labeled antisense oligonucleotide probes were designed to hybridize to the EBER1 transcript, which is highly expressed in latently infected cells. After a rapid (30 min) hybridization, the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. EBER1 was detected in several positive control cell lines that have variable numbers of EBV genome copies. No EBER1 was detected in two known EBV-negative cell lines. Northern blot analyses confirmed the presence and quantity of EBER1 transcripts in each cell line. This method was used ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferation derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells transferred to severe combined immunodeficient mice. AU - Okano, M.. AU - Taguchi, Y.. AU - Nakamine, H.. AU - Pirruccello, S. J.. AU - Davis, J. R.. AU - Beisel, K. W.. AU - Kleveland, K. L.. AU - Sanger, W. G.. AU - Fordyce, R. R.. AU - Purtilo, D. T.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) received 6 × 107 fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) intraperitoneally from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive and -seronegative donors. B95-8 EBV was inoculated intraperitoneally and intravenously to the mice 6 weeks after transfer of seronegative PBMC. Three of four mice transferred with PBMC from two EBV-seropositive donors and two of four mice from two EBV-seronegative donors inoculated with EBV developed fatal EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disease within 6 to 10 weeks. These tumors were oligoclonal ...
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is a post-translational modification of nuclear proteins involved in several cellular events as well as in processes that characterize the infective cycle of some viruses. In the present study, we investigated the role of poly(ADP-ribosylation) on Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) lytic cycle activation. Inhibition of PARP-1 by 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA) during EBV induction, diminished cell damage and apoptosis in the non-productive Raji cell line while markedly reducing the release of viral particles in the productive Jijoye cells. Furthermore, incubation with 3-ABA up-regulated the levels of LMP1 and EBNA2 latent viral proteins. At the same time, it slightly affected the expression of the immediate early BZLF1 gene, but largely down-regulated the levels of the early BFRF1 protein. The modulation of the expression of both latent and lytic EBV genes appeared to be post-transcriptionally regulated. Taken together the data indicate that PARP-1 plays a role in the progression of EBV lytic
Immunotherapy approaches targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded antigens induce objective clinical responses only in a fraction of patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UNPC). In the present study, we have characterized the immunogenicity of the EBV-encoded BARF1 oncogene with the aim to assess whether this protein could constitute a new target antigen for immunotherapy in this setting. Spontaneous CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses specific for the recombinant p29 BARF1 protein were detected by IFNγ-ELISPOT in both EBV-seropositive donors and UNPC patients, but not in EBV-seronegative individuals. Using immunoinformatic prediction tools, we have selected 5 different candidate BARF1 T cell epitopes presented by HLA-A*0201. Although only one of these peptides was able to bind HLA-A2 with low affinity in the T2 stabilization assay, all 5 BARF1 nonamers readily elicited specific CD8+ T cell responses in EBV-seropositive HLA-A*0201+ donors and UNPC patients. Notably, the ...
p,Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), infects the vast majority of adults worldwide, and establishes both nonproductive (latent) and productive (lytic) infections. Host immune responses directed against both the lytic and latent cycle-associated EBV antigens induce a diversity of clinical symptoms in patients with chronic active EBV infections who usually contain an oligoclonal pool of EBV-infected lymphocyte subsets in their blood. Episomal EBV genes in the latent infection utilize an array of evasion strategies from host immune responses: the minimized expression of EBV antigens targeted by host cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), the down-regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression, and the release of virokines to inhibit the host CTLs. The oncogenic role of latent EBV infection is not yet fully understood, but latent membrane proteins (LMPs) expressed during the latency cycle have essential biological properties leading to cellular gene expression and immortalization, ...
EBV infection is primarily controlled by a delicate balance of B and T cells. Outgrowth of EBV-infected B cells is a direct consequence of inadequate EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, hence the higher incidence of EBV-associated malignancy in immunocompromised hosts (12). While no vaccine is currently available for the disease, adoptive transfer of EBV-specific T lymphocytes that recognize EBV antigens have emerged as a promising therapeutic option. These ex vivo-manufactured donor T cells and patient-derived EBV-specific T cells have eradicated disease in patients with refractory EBV+ polymorphic and monomorphic PTLD (13-15). Thus, the role of T cells in controlling EBV in immunocompetent hosts and in eradicating EBV in immunocompromised hosts following ex vivo antigen-specific priming is clear and encourages the development and design of EBV vaccines. The quest for an EBV-directed vaccine has proven quite challenging, in large part because of the lack of preclinical models for vaccine ...
Background: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the relationship between viral load and disease activity is unclear. This study tested the observed levels of salivary EBV in MS, as a first step in investigating this relationship. Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to measure EBV DNA levels in saliva samples from three separate Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patient cohorts. Results: The qPCR assay was used to delineate EBV shedding, defined here as a reliably detectable level of extracellular EBV DNA in saliva. Frequency of EBV shedding was found to be similar across the groups, with 20-25% of subjects releasing virus on any given sampling date. Diurnal variation in EBV count was tested in one of the cohorts, in which 26% of subjects showed more than a 10-fold difference between the highest and lowest EBV levels on a single day. In the same cohort, elevated viral levels at one time point did not predict elevated viral levels at a ...
We investigated the seroepidemiology of infection due to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in 181 south Indian subjects aged 0-25 years using the indirect immunofluorescence method to titrate antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), nuclear antigen (EBNA), and early antigen (EA). The age-specific prevalence of IgG antibodies to VCA rose rapidly to 90% by the age of 5 years. The prevalence of VCA-specific IgM and the geometric mean titre of VCA-specific IgG antibodies were highest between the ages of 6 months and 2 years, the median age of primary infection being 1.4 years. Thus primary EBV infection occurs early in life. EA antibody prevalence was highest (55%) in the third year of life and remained between 30% and 40% thereafter. This pattern of EA antibody prevalence suggests that the latent EBV infection that persists lifelong after primary infection may be reactivated in many individuals. EBNA antibody prevalence was low until the age of 2 years but rose to 80% in the fourth year. Geometric mean ...
Epigenetic modifications leading to either transcriptional repression or activation, play an indispensable role in the development of human cancers. Epidemiological study revealed that approximately 20% of all human cancers are associated with tumor viruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first human tumor virus, demonstrates frequent epigenetic alterations on both viral and host genomes in associated cancers-both of epithelial and lymphoid origin. The cell type-dependent different EBV latent gene expression patterns appear to be determined by the cellular epigenetic machinery and similarly viral oncoproteins recruit epigenetic regulators in order to deregulate the cellular gene expression profile resulting in several human cancers. This review elucidates the epigenetic consequences of EBV-host interactions during development of multiple EBV-induced B-cell lymphomas, which may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions against EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas by alteration of reversible
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been analyzed with cells from EBV-seronegative blood donors in culture. The addition of dendritic cells (DCs) is essential to prime naive T cells that recognize EBV-latent antigens in enzyme-linked immunospot assays for interferon γ secretion and eradicate transformed B cells in regression assays. In contrast, DCs are not required to control the outgrowth of EBV-transformed B lymphocytes from seropositive donors. Enriched CD4+ and CD8 + T cells mediate regression of EBV-transformed cells in seronegative and seropositive donors, but the kinetics of T-dependent regression occurs with much greater speed with seropositives. EBV infection of DCs cannot be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for mRNA for the EBNA1 U and K exons. Instead, DCs capture B cell debris and generate T cells specific for EBV latency antigens. We suggest that the cross-presentation of EBV-latent antigens from
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Adoptive immunotherapy of EBV-associated malignancies with EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell lines. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Structure of a trimeric variant of the Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein B. - Marija Backovic, Richard Longnecker, Theodore S Jardetzky
Clinical benefit rate (CBR, percent of patients experiencing complete response [CR], partial response [PR] or stable disease [SD] for at least 12 weeks from post cycle 2 to cycle 6 measurements) determined according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST), or by immune-related Response criteria (irRC) in the absence of measurable disease ...
Clinical benefit rate (CBR, percent of patients experiencing complete response [CR], partial response [PR] or stable disease [SD] for at least 12 weeks from post cycle 2 to cycle 6 measurements) determined according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST), or by immune-related Response criteria (irRC) in the absence of measurable disease ...
In this study, 63 (5.6%) of 1127 consecutive gastric carcinomas were EBV-positive, and this rate was similar to the findings of previous reports in the United Kingdom (3) , Italy (20) , and Japan (21) . Between January 1 and June 30, 1995, the EBV-positive rate was 5.6% (17 of 304), and between July 1, 1995, and December 31, 1996, the EBV-positive rate was also 5.6% (46 of 823). The former 17 EBV-positive gastric carcinomas had a similar protein expression profile to that of the total of 63 EBV-positive carcinomas (data not shown). The clinicopathological characteristics of these 63 EBV-positive gastric carcinomas, such as rich lymphoid stroma, proximal location, and predominance in males, were also in agreement with the results of other investigations (22 , 23) .. The role of EBV in carcinogenesis of the stomach is not completely understood. The latency type of EBV in gastric adenocarcinomas is distinct from the known EBV latency types, e.g., in Burkitts lymphomas and nasopharyngeal ...
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Designing proteins or peptides that bind native protein targets can aid the development of novel reagents and/or therapeutics. Rational design also tests our understanding of the principles underlying protein recognition. This article describes several strategies used to design peptides that bind to the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of the viral transcription factor BZLF1, which is encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus. BZLF1 regulates the transition of the Epstein-Barr virus from a latent state to a lytic state. It shares some properties in common with the more studied human bZIP transcription factors, but also includes novel structural elements that pose interesting challenges to inhibitor design. In designing peptides that bind to BZLF1 by forming a coiled-coil structure, we considered both affinity for BZLF1 and undesired self-association, which can weaken the effectiveness of an inhibitor. Several designed peptides exhibited different degrees of target-binding affinity and ...
Adoptive transfer of polyclonal Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-specific T cell lines has been used as prophylaxis and therapy in patients with EBV-associated malignancies. This approach, however, is limited by the difficult expansion of polyclonal T cells directed mainly against dominant EBV antigens presented on EBV-transformed B cell lines (LCLs). Isolating EBV-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) for transduction of T cells is an alternative strategy to confer T cell immunity against EBV antigens including subdominant EBV antigens. In this study, we have used peptide-pulsed DCs to selectively expand EBV-specific CD4+ T cell clones against an EBNA2-derived epitope. Data suggested that peptide-pulsed DCs are particularly effective in stimulating T cells specific for subdominant EBV antigens. TCR genes from one of these clones as well as from two CD8+ T cell clones were identified by RACE PCR. TCR alpha and beta chains where then cloned into retroviral vectors for transduction of T cells to equip them ...
Int J Cancer 1988,42(3):329-338.PubMedCrossRef 11. Young LS, Dawson CW, Clark D, Rupani H, Busson P, Tursz T, Johnson A, Rickinson AB: Epstein-Barr virus gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Gen Virol 1988,69(Pt 5):1051-1065.PubMedCrossRef 12. Lin SY, Tsang NM, Kao SC, Hsieh YL, Chen YP, Tsai CS, Kuo TT, Hao SP, Chen IH, Hong JH: Presence of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein. 1 gene in the nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2001,23(3):194-200.PubMedCrossRef 13. Pathmanathan R, Prasad U, Sadler R, Flynn K, Raab-Traub N: Clonal proliferations Sorafenib of cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus in preinvasive lesions related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1995,333(11):693-698.PubMedCrossRef 14. Tsao SW, Tramoutanis G, Dawson CW, Lo AK, Huang DP: The significance of LMP1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2002,12(6):473-487.PubMedCrossRef 15. Lin X, Tang M, Tao Y, Li L, Liu S, Guo L, Peptide 17 Li Z, Ma X, ...
We have recently developed a culture system in which 90% of B cells from human peripheral blood or spleen are induced to strongly proliferate and generate short-term clones of a mean of about 400 antibody-secreting cells. B cells are stimulated by mutant EL-4 thymoma cells in conjunction with T cell supernatant. In the present study, we first investigated whether the frequency of B cell immortalization by EBV would be higher in this system than in a conventional system by using PBMC as fillers. The results showed that the EBV-dependent cloning frequency (0.7%) was not increased compared with the system with the use of PBMC (2.1%). However, the short term proliferation of EBV-infected B cells was 20 times increased in the EL-4 system and EBV nuclear Ag-positive cells participated in this response. Recent reports showed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibited the growth of normal B cells, whereas the growth of EBV-immortalized (lymphoblastoid) cells was not inhibited. We have ...
Entra nei temi di ricerca di Antisense to Epstein Barr virus-encoded LMP1 does not affect the transcription of viral and cellular proliferation-related genes, but induces phenotypic effects on EBV-transformed B lymphocytes. Insieme formano una fingerprint unica. ...
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is an insidious virus that can cause many debilitating conditions. The insidious part comes from the viruses ability to camouflage
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is creating a silent pandemic of mystery illness. Thanks to Anthony William we now have a better understanding of whats going wrong with us and how to put things right. I am kinesiologist and nutritional therapist working in London and St Albans, helping people to take their health back into their own hands..
pathogen (EBV) latent membrane proteins 2A (LMP2A) is certainly widely portrayed in EBV-infected cells inside the contaminated individual host and EBV-associated malignancies suggesting that LMP2A is essential for EBV latency persistence and EBV-associated tumorigenesis. B lymphocytes contaminated in vitro with EBV become immortalized building lymphoblastoid cell lines DMH-1 (LCLs). This technique constitutes an in vitro model for the contribution of EBV to B lymphoid disease. EBV gene appearance in LCLs is fixed to six nuclear antigens (EBNA1 -2 -3 -3 -3 and -LP) three essential membrane protein (latent membrane proteins 1 DMH-1 [LMP-1] -2 and -2B) two nonpolyadenylated RNAs. ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load monitoring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) enables earlier detection of EBV replication and often serves as a trigger for preemptive therapies aimed at reducing EBV-related diseases. Our institutional strategy is to treat patients with clinical signs of EBV-related disease accompanied by a rising viral load, rather than to intervene based solely on viral load. This affords an opportunity to study the natural history of EBV replication and to assess whether our strategy reduces overtreatment without compromising outcomes. The objectives of the present study were to assess the natural history of untreated EBV replication in patients who underwent an alemtuzumab-based allogeneic HSCT and to examine whether our clinical strategy reduced overtreatment without compromising patient outcomes. In this retrospective single-center observational study of 515 consecutive patients (age ≥18 years) undergoing T cell-depleted allogeneic HSCT incorporating
1. GalluzziL. BrennerC. MorselliE. TouatZ. KroemerG. 2008 Viral control of mitochondrial apoptosis. PLoS Pathog 4 e1000018. 2. CuconatiA. WhiteE. 2002 Viral homologs of BCL-2: role of apoptosis in the regulation of virus infection. Genes and Development 16 2465 2478. 3. CuconatiA. DegenhardtK. SundararajanR. AnschelA. WhiteE. 2002 Bak and Bax function to limit adenovirus replication through apoptosis induction. J Virol 76 4547 4558. 4. MarchiniA. TomkinsonB. CohenJI. KieffE. 1991 BHRF1, the Epstein-Barr virus gene with homology to Bc12, is dispensable for B-lymphocyte transformation and virus replication. J Virol 65 5991 6000. 5. HendersonS. HuenD. RoweM. DawsonC. JohnsonG. 1993 Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 8479 8483. 6. Thorley-LawsonDA. GrossA. 2004 Persistence of the Epstein-Barr virus and the origins of associated lymphomas. N Engl J Med 350 1328 1337. 7. ...
Could the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) be the biggest driver of your thyroid disease? If youve tried taking herbs, changing your diet, and using other methods to eradicate EBV in the hopes of helping your thyroid get better with no results, you may want to consider if ...
Lee et al (87), used a high-throughput genotyping platform to determine the mutation status of 474 hotspots in 41 genes using 237 gastric adenocarcinomas, which included 58 EBVaGCs. Among these, 34 cases (14.3%) harbored somatic mutations, 6 of which concomitantly had two different mutations. Fourteen EBVaGC cases had mutations; 6 in PIK3CA (10.3%), 1 in p53 (1.7%), 2 in APC (3.4%), 1 in STK11 (1.7%), 3 in CTNNB1 (5.2%) and 1 in CDKN2A (1.7%). CTNNB1 mutations were significantly more frequent in EBVaGC than in EBV-negative gastric carcinomas (one of 179 cases, 0.6%). Frequent PIK3CA mutations were also reported in two subsequent studies; 16.7% (of 18 EBVaGCs) in a report by Sukawa et al (88), and 80% (of 28 EBVaGCs) in a report by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network (89). A recent report by Liang et al (90), showed several newly identified mutations in EBVaGC, including mutations in MAP3K4 (20.8%), TGFBR1 (25.0%), CCNA1 (25.0%) and AKT2 (38.2%). Among these, an AKT2 mutation was ...
The various antigen complexes of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are broadly classified as the viral capsid antigen (VCA), diffuse early antigen (EA-D), restricted early antigen (EA-R), membrane antigen (MA) and the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA). The different EBV-related diseases may be differentiated according to the reactivity of these different classes of antibodies towards the various classes of antigen complexes. However, with the recent development of molecular biology, it is now known that the individual polypeptides of the different EBV antigen complexes can be used as serological markers for the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among the useful serological markers which have been used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of NPC are the gp125 from the VCA complex (IgA), pp58 from the EA-D complex (IgG), ribonucleotide reductase (IgG and IgA), DNase (IgA) and thymidine kinase (IgA) from the EA-R complex, gp 250/200 from the MA complex (IgA) and ...
The CD8+ T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is well characterized. Much less is known about the evolution of the CD4+ T cell response. Here we show that EBV stimulates a primary burst of effector CD4+ T cells and this is followed by a period of down-regulation. A small population of EBV-specific effector CD4+ T cells survives during the lifelong persistent phase of infection. The EBV-specific effector CD4+ T cells accumulate within a CD27+ CD28+ differentiation compartment during primary infection and remain enriched within this compartment throughout the persistent phase of infection. Analysis of CD4+ T cell responses to individual epitopes from EBV latent and lytic cycle proteins confirms the observation that the majority of the effector cells express both CD27 and CD28, although CD4+ T cells specific for lytic cycle antigens have a greater tendency to express CD45RA than those specific for the latent antigens. In clear contrast, effector CD4+ T cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV)
According to the Ann Arbor staging method, advanced disease (defined as stages IIB-IV) was present in 19 patients and the frequency of EBV DNA was higher in this group (63% versus 9%, p = 0.006, 95% CI = 0.26-0.81). Plasma EBV DNA was found in all HIV-positive patients (100% versus 29%, p = 0.0007). When only the 24 HIV-negative patients were analyzed, the frequency of EBV DNA remained higher in the 13 patients with advanced disease (54% versus 9%, p = 0.03). DISCUSSION. The presence of tumor-derived DNA in the plasma and serum of cancer patients opens up new possibilities for detecting and monitoring cancer.. In the present study, 43% of the patients with Hodgkin s disease had EBV DNA that was detectable by conventional PCR in the plasma prior to treatment, whereas only one healthy individual (8%) was positive for plasma EBV DNA (p = 0.03). Moreover, plasma EBV DNA was present in almost every patient (10/11, 91%) with proven LMP-1 in the lymph nodes, and also in 3/19 patients (16%) without ...
Immobilization of Raji cells on surface coated with anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) at low cell densities lead to the synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigen (EA) in up to 5% of the cells. At higher cell densities the percentage of antigen-positive cells decreased and at confluency no antigen synthesis was observed. Addition of iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) to low density cultures increased the expression of EA to 20%, whereas in confluent cultures the cells could not be induced to synthesize EA. Treatment of cells in suspension with ALG failed to induced EA synthesis and did not potentiate the effect of IdUrd. Immobilized Raji cells proved to be suitable targets for superinfection with EBV derived from P3HR1 cultures. ...
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Sharada Ramasubramanyan, Kay Osborn, Rajaei Al-Mohammad, Ijiel B Naranjo Perez-Fernandez, Jianmin Zuo, Nicolae Balan, Anja Godfrey, Harshil Patel, Gordon Peters, Martin Rowe, Richard G Jenner, Alison J Sinclair].
An adenovirus type-2 was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes and throat washings from a patient with severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. Despite the Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, attempts to establish spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines from peripheral blood lymphocytes and to immortalize cord lymphocytes with throat washings were unsuccessful due to a marked cytopathic effect. The supernatants from the cultures induced cytopathic effect in cultured cord lymphocytes, MRC-5 cells, A-549 cells, or Vero cells. Virus particles with adenovirus morphology were seen by electron microscopy. Using type-specific antisera, the isolate was identified as adenovirus type-2. In addition, both Epstein-Barr virus and adenovirus type-2 genomes were seen in the colonic tissues and spleen. These results suggest that the combination of Epstein-Barr virus and adenovirus type-2 may be etiologic agents in the development of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection in this patient. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection syndrome. AU - Okano, M.. AU - Matsumoto, S.. AU - Osato, T.. AU - Sakiyama, Y.. AU - Thiele, G. M.. AU - Purtilo, D. T.. PY - 1991. Y1 - 1991. N2 - Reports of unusually severe lymphoproliferative disorders associated with extremely high antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have recently increased. The syndrome, which we designated severe chronic active EBV infection syndrome, is characterized by persistent or intermittent fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly and primarily affects children and young adults. Polyclonal gammopathy and bone marrow suppression are generally observed, and some patients develop B-cell or T-cell lymphoproliferation or lymphoma. Frequently, EBV genomes are detectable in tissues infiltrated with lymphoid cells. Additionally, it is difficult to establish spontaneous or B95-8 EBV-induced cell lines despite the expression of an activated EBV infection. We review and report here the ...
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is characterised by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, persistent hepatitis and extensive lymphadenopathy. Patients with CAEBV have high viral loads in their peripheral blood and/or an un …
We report the case of a 35-year-old woman with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV). She underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an unrelated male donor and achieved a complete response. However, her CAEBV relapsed one year after BMT. EBV-infected cells proliferated clonally and revealed a 46XY karyotype. In addition, the infecting EBV strain differed from that detected before BMT. These findings indicated that her disease had developed from donor cells. This is the first report of donor cell-derived CAEBV that recurred after transplantation, suggesting that host factors may be responsible for the development of this disease.. ...
General practitioners encounter the vast majority of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-related disease, i.e. infectious mononucleosis in children and adolescents. With the expanding knowledge regarding the multifaceted role of Epstein-Barr virus in both benign and malignant disease we chose to focus this review on Epstein-Barr virus-related conditions with relevance to the general practitioners. A PubMed and Google Scholar literature search was performed using PubMeds MeSH terms of relevance to Epstein-Barr virus/infectious mononucleosis in regard to complications and associated conditions. In the present review, these included three early complications; hepatitis, splenic rupture and airway compromise, as well as possible late conditions; lymphoproliferative cancers, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. This review thus highlights recent advances in the understanding of Epstein-Barr virus pathogenesis, focusing on management, acute complications,
摘要BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in Southeast Asia. Over the last decade, plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has been developed as a tumor marker for NPC. In this study, the authors investigated whether plasma EBV DNA analysis is useful for NPC surveillance. METHODS: In total, 1318 volunteers ages 40 to 60 years were prospectively recruited. Plasma EBV DNA and serology for viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin A (IgA) were measured. Participants who had detectable plasma EBV DNA or positive IgA serology underwent nasal endoscopic examination and a follow-up plasma EBV DNA analysis in approximately 2 weeks. All participants were followed for 2 years to record the development of NPC. RESULTS: Three individuals with NPC were identified at enrolment. All of them were positive for EBV DNA and remained positive in follow-up analysis. Only 1 of those patients was positive for EBV serology. In 1 patient who had NPC with a small tumor confined to the mucosa, the tumor was not ...
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein that regulates its own expression and the expression of human genes. LMP1 has a molecular weight of approximately 63 kDa, and its expression induces many of the changes associated with EBV infections and activation of primary B cells. LMP1 is the best-documented oncoprotein of the EBV latent gene products, as it is expressed in most EBV-related human cancers. The structure of LMP1 consists of a short cytoplasmic N-terminus tail, six trans-membrane domains, and a long cytoplasmic C-terminus, which contains three activating domains: CTARt, CTAR2, and CTAR3. Each CTAR domain contains an amino acid sequence that serves as a recognition site for cellular adaptors to bind and trigger a series of signal transduction pathways that can lead to a change in gene expression. LMP-1 is a functional homologue of tumor necrosis factor and mediates signaling through the nuclear factor-κB pathway, mimicking CD40 receptor ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell cycle arrest induced by engagement of B7-H4 on Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cell lymphoma cell lines. AU - Park, Ga Bin. AU - Song, Hyunkeun. AU - Kim, Yeong Seok. AU - Sung, Minjung. AU - Ryu, Jeoung W.. AU - Lee, Hyun Kyung. AU - Cho, Dae Ho. AU - Kim, Daejin. AU - Lee, Wang J.. AU - Hur, Dae Y.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/11. Y1 - 2009/11. N2 - Summary B7-H4 is a recently discovered B7 family member that has inhibitory effects on T-cell immunity. However, the reverse signalling mechanism of the B7-H4-expressing cells remains unclear. Previous work has shown that B7-H4 expression was enhanced on B cells following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and engagement of cell-surface-expressed B7-H4 induces cell death of EBV-transformed B cells. Here we found that B7-H4 was constitutively expressed on EBV-positive lymphoma cells, Raji and IM-9 cells, but was not expressed on EBV-negative lymphoma cells (Ramos). Engagement of ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Host cell-dependent expression of latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes. T2 - Regulation by DNA methylation. AU - Li, Hui. AU - Mináróvits, J.. PY - 2003. Y1 - 2003. N2 - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gammaherpesvirus associated with a wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms. Expression of latent (growth transformation-associated) EBV genes is host cell specific. Transcripts for EBV-encoded nuclear antigens (EBNAs) are initiated at one of the alternative promoters: Wp, Cp (for EBNA1-6), or Qp (for EBNA1 only). Wp is active shortly after EBV infection of human B cells in vitro but is progressively methylated and silenced in established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In parallel Cp, an unmethylated, lymphoid-specific promoter is switched on. In contrast, Cp is methylated and silent in Burkitts lymphoma (BL) cell lines, which keep the phenotype of BL biopsy cells (group I BL lines). These cells use Qp for the initiation of EBNA1 messages. Qp is unmethylated both in ...
The prognostic value of pre-treatment and post-treatment plasma EBV DNA levels has been validated in nonmetastatic NPC patients treated with radiotherapy16 and locally advanced NPC patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.17, 18 In our present study of a relatively large group of metastatic/recurrent NPC patients, we first demonstrated that both pre-treatment and post-treatment plasma EBV DNA were strong predictors of PFS and OS in metastatic/recurrent NPC treated with palliative chemotherapy.. Our results demonstrated that patients with a pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA level less than the median value had significantly better PFS and OS compared with those with a pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA level equal to or above the median value. These results were inconsistent with the most recently published study by Wang et al,14 which showed that the clearance rates of plasma EBV DNA during the first month of chemotherapy rather than baseline plasma EBV DNA level could predict tumor response and ...
The importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the immunosurveillance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells is firmly established, and the viral antigens of CTL recognition in latent infection are well defined. The epitopes targeted by CTLs during primary infection have not been identified, however, and there is only limited information about T cell receptor (TCR) selection. In the present report, we have monitored the development of memory TCR-beta clonotypes selected in response to natural EBV infection in a longitudinal study of an HLA-B8+ individual with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM). By stimulating peripheral blood lymphocytes with HLA-B8+ EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells, the primary virus-specific CTL response was shown to include specificities for two HLA-B8-restricted antigenic determinants, FLRGRAYGL and QAKWRLQTL, which are encoded within the latent EBV nuclear antigen EBNA-3. TCR-beta sequence analysis of CTL clones specific for each epitope showed polyclonal ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpes virus with oncogenic potential, persists in B lymphoid tissues and is controlled by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) surveillance. On reactivation in vitro, these CTLs recognize EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in an HLA class I antigen-restricted fashion, but the viral antigens providing target epitopes for such recognition remain largely undefined. Here we have tested EBV-induced polyclonal CTL preparations from 16 virus-immune donors on appropriate fibroblast targets in which the eight EBV latent proteins normally found in LCLs (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen [EBNA] 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, leader protein [LP], and latent membrane protein [LMP] 1 and 2) have been expressed individually from recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. Most donors gave multicomponent responses with two or more separate reactivities against different viral antigens. Although precise target antigen choice was clearly influenced by the donors HLA class I type, a ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) are two viral proteins of the Epstein-Barr virus. LMP2A/LMP2B are transmembrane proteins that act to block tyrosine kinase signaling. LMP2A is a transmembrane protein that inhibits normal B-cell signal transduction by mimicking an activated B-cell receptor (BCR). The N-terminus domain of LMP2A is tyrosine phosphorylated and associates with Src family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) as well as spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). PTKs and Syk are associated with BCR signal transduction. Latent Membrane Protein 2 (LMP2) is a rightward transcribing gene. LMP2s transcript originates across the fused terminal repeats in sequences at opposite ends of the genome. 16‍-‍24 hours after infection, the genome circularizes and the open reading frame is created. 1.7 kb and 2.0 kb messages are created by alternative promoter usage and differ only in the sequences of the first exon. These messages are expressed in Epstein-Barr Virus transformed ...
Sequence Variations of Latent Membrane Protein 2A in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinomas from Guangzhou, Southern China. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy, which commonly occurs in Southern China, Taiwan, North Africa and Southeast Asia. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. The p53 tumour suppressor protein is rarely mutated in NPC suggesting that the inactivation of p53 pathway in NPC could be due to the presence of EBV proteins. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of EBV proteins namely LMP1 and LMP2A on the expression levels of p53 protein. In this work we found that LMP1, but not LMP2A, decreased p53 protein levels. Overexpression of LMP1 resulted in increased ubiquitination of p53 suggesting that the decreased p53 protein levels by LMP1 was due to increased degradation of the protein. The reduction of p53 protein levels was independent of the PI3K-Akt pathway. LMP1, but not LMP2A, reduced p53 protein levels through the increase in the polyubiquitination of p53 protein and was independent of the PI3K-Akt pathway.
The characteristics of adult patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (adult-onset CAEBV) are poorly recognized, hindering early diagnosis and an improved prognosis. Adult-onset CAEBV (n = 54) diagnosed between 2005 and 2015 were conducted. Adult-onset was defined as an estimated age of onset ≥15 years. To characterize the clinical features of adult-onset CAEBV, we compared them to those of pediatric-onset (estimated age of onset ...
Summary The mol. wt. of the polymorphic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen (EBNA) molecule (EBNA 1) encoded by the BamHI K fragment of the EBV DNA has been determined in 14 EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid and Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. There is no obvious correlation between the size of this polypeptide and any properties of the cells from which it is derived, other than those related to the strain of transforming virus. We confirm that the polymorphic region of this molecule is the glycine-alanine copolymer encoded by the third internal repeat of the EBV genome (IR3) and we consider the significance of this domain.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus which causes acute infectious mononucleosis and is etiologically associated with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders including Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, B-cell lymphomas in immunocompromised hosts, Hodgkins disease, T cell lymphomas, and smooth muscle tumors in allograft recipients. The medical significance of EBV is underscored by its potent growth transforming effects on human B-lymphocytes in-vitro and the potentially oncogenic consequences of infection in-vivo. The majority of EBV-associated malignancies occur in the setting of chronic infection and strong virus-specific humoral immunity, suggesting that cellular immunity is primarily responsible for preventing the outgrowth of EBV-transformed B cells in-vivo. Similarly, primary EBV infection in adolescents and adults stimulates an intense cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) response which coincides with a marked reduction in the number of infected B cells in the peripheral
TY - JOUR. T1 - Monitoring and Preemptive Rituximab Therapy for Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation after Antithymocyte Globulin Containing Nonmyeloablative Conditioning for Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation. AU - Blaes, Anne H.. AU - Cao, Qing. AU - Wagner, John E.. AU - Young, Jo Anne H. AU - Weisdorf, Daniel J.. AU - Brunstein, Claudio G.. N1 - Funding Information: Financial disclosure: This work was supported in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute PO1-CA65493 (J.E.W., C.G.B) and the Childrens Cancer Research Fund (J.E.W.). PY - 2010/2. Y1 - 2010/2. N2 - Epstein Barr viremia (EBV) and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) are complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The use of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in recipients of umbilical cord HSCT is a known risk factor for the development of PTLD. In this high-risk population, we implemented an EBV monitoring program with preemptive therapy with rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenously [i.v.]) for ...
|strong|Rat anti Epstein-Barr Virus LMP2A antibody, clone 15F9|/strong| recognizes latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a human herpesvirus, which is associated with …
Preface -- EBV latency -- Chap. 1. EBNA1 � Lori Frappier, University of Toronto, Canada -- Chap. 2. EBNA2 and its coactivator EBNA-LP � Bettina Kempkes, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany, and Paul D. Ling, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA -- Chap. 3. The EBNA3 family: two oncoproteins and a tumour suppressor that are central to the biology of EBV in B cells� Martin J. Allday, Quentin Bazot and Robert E. White, Imperial College London, UK. Chap. 4. The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) � Arnd Kieser and Kai R. Sterz, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany. Chap. 5. Latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) � Osman Cen and Richard Longnecker, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. Chap. 6. EBV non-coding RNAs � Rebecca L. Skalsky and Bryan R. Cullen, Duke University, Durham, USA -- E. Lytic EBV infection -- 7. Viral entry � Liudmila S. Chesnokova, Ru Jiang1 and Lindsey M. Hutt-Fletcher, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, USA -- Chap. 8. Epstein Barr virus lytic cycle reactivation � ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been causally associated with at least five human malignancies. The exact contributions made by EBV to these cancers remain unknown. We demonstrate that one viral protein found in all EBV-associated malignancies, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1), is required for survival of one of these cancers, EBV-positive Burkitts lymphoma. Inhibition of EBNA-1 decreases survival of these tumor cells by inducing apoptosis. Expression of EBNA-1 in uninfected cells also can inhibit apoptosis induced by expression of p53 in the absence of the EBV genome. Our findings demonstrate that EBNA-1 is critical for the continued survival of EBV-associated Burkitts lymphoma, and, by extension, for the other B cell tumors with which EBV is associated. Efficient inhibitors of EBNA-1s functions would likely prove useful in the therapy of EBV-associated malignancies.
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Heterophil-negative infectious mononucleosis and mononucleosis-like illnesses. Laboratory confirmation of 43 cases. AU - Horwitz, Charles A.. AU - Henle, Werner. AU - Henle, Gertrude. AU - Polesky, Herbert. AU - Balfour, Henry H.. AU - Siem, Robert A.. AU - Borken, Stuart. AU - Ward, Patrick C.J.. PY - 1977/12. Y1 - 1977/12. N2 - During a 50-month period the diagnosis of heterophil antibody negative infectious mononucleosis or of a mononucleosis-like illness was made in 43 patients with a variable clinical picture and significant numbers of atypical lymphocytes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related serologic tests revealed that seven patients had primary EBV infections based on the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to EB-viral capsid antigens (IgM-VCA) and the absence of anti-Epstein-Barr virus associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) on most initial specimens (six of seven cases). Thirty cases were due to active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections and both detectable ...
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with hematopoietic malignancies, such as Burkitts lymphoma, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The current approach for EBV-associated lymphoma involves chemotherapy to eradicate cancer cells, however, normal cells may be injured and organ dysfunction may occur with currently employed regimens. This research is focused on employing arsenic trioxide (ATO) as EBV-specific cancer therapy takes advantage of the fact the EBV resides within the malignant cells. Our research reveals that low ATO inhibits EBV gene expression and genome replication. EBV spontaneous reactivation starts as early as 6 h after re-suspending EBV-positive Mutu cells in RPMI media in the absence of ATO, however this does not occur in Mutu cells cultured with ATO. ATOs inhibition of EBV spontaneous reactivation is dose dependent. The expression of the EBV immediate early gene Zta and early gene BMRF1 is blocked with low concentrations of ATO (0.5
There is increasing interest in formulating an effective vaccine against EBV, designed to not only limit the outgrowth of latently infected B cells in healthy individuals but to also block the development of many EBV-associated malignancies such as Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkins disease. In western societies, the principle aim of such a vaccine would be to protect from IM. In this context, virus load (a large dose of orally transmitted virus and/or overexpansion of the virus-transformed B cell pool beyond a critical threshold) may be a critical determinant of disease risk 1 . Therefore, a vaccine capable of either blocking primary EBV infection or significantly reducing the EBV load during primary infection may be adequate to avert clinical symptoms. A similar vaccine will also be able to reduce the immediate risk of lymphoproliferative disease in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. On the other hand, EBV-associated malignancies such as Burkitts ...
Semantic Scholar extracted view of Absence of infectious Epstein-Barr virus in blood in acute infectious mononucleosis. by Alan B. Rickinson et al.
The experiments reported here investigate the role of NIK, IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ in LMP1-induced p100 processing, the relative contributions of the LMP1 TRAF and death domain-binding sites to p100 processing and p52/RelB nuclear translocation, and the dependence of LMP1-induced gene expression on IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ. We now find that LMP1 induces p100 processing in a NIK/IKKα-dependent, IKKβ/IKKγ-independent manner similar to CD40, LTβR, TIRs, and BAFF-R (15-18, 20, 21, 24-26). Because EBV transformed LCLs have sustained p52 levels as well as RelA containing NF-κB complexes, LMP1-induced NF-κB activation likely has substantial canonical and noncanonical components. Because NF-κB is required for LCL survival (56), NIK and IKKα may have a role in LCL survival, and inhibitors of their activity may precipitate cell death or arrest cell growth.. Another important aspect of these data are the identification of the dominant role of the LMP1 TRAF1/2 and TRAF3/5-binding site in p100 ...
C.B-17 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID]) mice inoculated with peripheral blood lymphocytes from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive donors, or with EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B cell lines (EBV-LCL), develop lethal human EBV+ B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPD) with characteristics similar to those arising in immunodeficient patients. Using this model, we examined the capacity of human effector cells to control human EBV-LPD. SCID mice received rabbit anti-asialo GM1 antiserum to abrogate endogenous natural killer-cell function. Preliminary experiments showed that adoptive transfer of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), purified T cells, interleukin (IL) 2-activated PBMC or anti-CD3-activated T cells derived from EBV-seropositive donors did not result in improved survival of treated mice (in vivo effector/target ratio 2:1 to 1:1). In contrast, EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), derived from EBV-seropositive donors and expanded in vitro, exhibited ...
Epstein-Barr virus protein and DNA. Molecular model of the DNA-binding domain of a viral protein (pink-blue) bound to a lytic gene promoter element (viral strand of DNA, left). The viral protein is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transcription factor ZEBRA (Zta, Z, EB1), also known as BZLF1 trans-activator protein. EBV is a herpesvirus (it is also called human herpesvirus 4 or HHV-4). It is the cause of glandular fever (also called infectious mononucleosis). The DNA strand is viral DNA that forms during the lytic phase of the virus life cycle, where the viral DNA exists within the host cell separately from the host cells DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). - Stock Image C015/4303
This study was conducted in Hong Kong between 2013-2016 with the participation of 20 349 men between the ages of 40-62 years. Participants were excluded if they had a prior history of cancer or autoimmune conditions, or were receiving any form of corticosteroid or immunosuppressive treatment. Blood samples were taken and real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assessed samples for EBV. Any patient with a positive EBV signal was reevaluated in 4 weeks, and those with two EBV positive samples were deemed screen-positive. Screen-positive patients were referred for nasopharynx evaluation by endoscopy and MRI, and biopsies were taken for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Of 20 174 eligible men, 5.5% (n = 1112) had EBV detectable at baseline, and 27.8% (n = 309) of those men were screen-positive. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was detected in 34 men, 11% (34/300) of men undergoing follow-up endoscopy and/or MRI. Stage I or II nasopharyngeal cancer was detected in a higher proportion of patients than ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and most people have serological evidence of previous viral infection at adult age. EBV is associated with infectious mononucleosis and human cancers, including some lymphomas and gastric carcinomas. Although EBV was first reported in lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, the virus was also found in conventional adenocarcinomas. In the present study, 53 gastric carcinomas diagnosed in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated for EBV infection by non-isotopic in situ hybridization with a biotinylated probe (Biotin-AGACACCGTCCTCACCACCCGGGACTTGTA) directed to the viral transcript EBER-I, which is actively expressed in EBV latently infected cells. EBV infection was found in 6 of 53 (11.32%) gastric carcinomas, mostly from male patients (66.7%), with a mean age of 59 years old. Most EBV-positive tumors were in gastric antrum. Two EBV-positive tumors (33.3%) were conventional adenocarcinomas, whereas four (66.7%) were classified as ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - An outbreak of infectious mononucleosis among the personnel of an outpatient clinic. AU - Ginsburg, Charles M.. AU - Henle, Gertrude. AU - Henle, Werner. PY - 1976/11. Y1 - 1976/11. N2 - During a four-week period, nine current or recent primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections were identified among 29 staff members of an obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of an air force base hospital by EBV-specific serologic tests; i.e., early detection of IgM antibodies to EB viral capsid antigen (VCA), high titers of IgG antibodies to VCA, presence of antibodies to the D (diffuse) component of the EBV-induced early antigen (EA) complex and initial absence and later development of antibodies to the EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA). Five of these individuals showed classical signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis (IM) so that the ratio between overt and silent infections was 1.25:1. All but one of these nine individuals gave positive monospot reactions. Three additional ...
Chang KC*(co-corresponding author), Chen PC, Chang Y, Wu YH, Chen YP, Lai CH, Medeiros LJ, Su IJ, Wang HW*. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 upregulates cytokines and correlates with older age and poorer prognosis in Hodgkin lymphoma. Histopathology. 2017 Feb 8;70(3):442-455 ...
Purpose: To investigate the inter-correlation of tumor spread, volume and quantitative plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA level (pEBV DNA), and to further assess the prognostic efficacy of a novel risk stratification combining anatomic, volumetric and biological features in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).. Methods and Materials: One hundred and twelve patients with non-metastatic NPC were prospectively enrolled. Correlation of pEBV DNA with tumor invasiveness, lymph node (LN) metastasis, tumor volume and classification was tested by univariate and multivariate analyses. 5-year distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model.. Results: Tumor volume, TNM stage and pEBV DNA were strongly inter-correlated to each other. Nodal volume, skull base invasion and LN metastasis to supraclavicular fossa were determined to be independent predictors for pEBV DNA level. To exclude collinearity, a risk stratification based on combination of EBV DNA, ...
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic factor that enhances proliferation of activated human B lymphocytes and induces them to secrete high amounts of immunoglobulins. Here we show that several human B cell lines were able to constitutively secrete human (h)IL-10. Whereas none of the pre-B nor the plasmocytic cell lines tested produced hIL-10, 25 of the 36 tested mature B cell lines (lymphoblastoid and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines) secreted hIL-10. Moreover, 24 of these 25 hIL-10-producing B cell lines contained the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, suggesting a relationship between hIL-10 production by human B cell lines and EBV expression. Accordingly, whereas polyclonal activation via triggering of surface immunoglobulins or CD40 antigen induced highly purified normal human B lymphocytes to produce only low (0.3-0.4 ng/ml) but significant amounts of hIL-10, EBV infection induced them to secrete high amounts of hIL-10 (4-9 ng/ml). Furthermore, addition of exogenous hIL-10, simultaneously to EBV ...
Epstein-Barr virus and HLA-DPB1-*0301 in young adult Hodgkins disease: Evidence for inherited susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus in cases that are EBV+ve. Cases of Hodgkins disease (HD) may be distinguished by whether they do [EBV-positive ((+ve)) cases] or do not [EBV-negative ((-ve)) cases] have evidence of EBV DNA in the Reed-Sternberg cells. Only one study has attempted to distinguish epidemiological risk factors for EBV+ve and EBV-ve HD, and none have compared inherited susceptibility. The present study involves a population-based case series of HD, diagnosed in patients between 16-24 years of age in the United Kingdom (n = 118), of whom 87% were classified by EBV status (EBV+ve, 19, EBV-ve, 84). History of infectious illness, EBV antibody titers, and HLA-DPB1 type have been compared in EBV+ve and EBV- ve cases. Reported infectious mononucleosis was more frequent in EBV+ve cases (odds ratio (OR), 5.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-24.4). EBV antibody titers to viral capsid antigen ...
Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 protein regulates viral latency through effects on let-7 microRNA and dicer.: The EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpes virus that widely infects human populations predominantly at an early age but remains mostly asymptomatic. EBV has been linked to a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other hematologic cancers, like Hodgkins lymphoma, Burkitts lymphoma (BL), B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma in HIV patients, and posttransplant-associated lymphoproliferative diseases. EBV has the unique ability to establish life-long latent infection in primary human B lymphocytes. During latent infection, EBV expresses a small subset of genes, including 6 nuclear antigens (EBNA-1, -2, -3A, -3B, -3C, and -LP), 3 latent membrane proteins (LMP-1, -2A, and -2B), 2 small noncoding RNAs (EBER-1 and 2). On the basis of these latent gene expression, three different latency patterns associated with the types of cancers are recognized ...
Description of the Results/Findings of the Project: This project led directly to the writing of the manuscript Mechanisms and timing of the activation of the EBI2 gene by Epstein-Barr Virus which is slated for submission to Journal of Virology before the end of 2014. Our work with EBV also lead to an invitation to author a book chapter, Epstein-Barr Virus in the upcoming scholarly book Viral Arthritis. The drafts for this book chapter are due by Nov 30th, 2014. The funding from the MEG also allowed for the publication of three other journal articles with student co- authors. These works were finishing up our previous work on IRF5 in lupus, and a review article dealing with how pathogens, such as Epstein-Barr virus, contribute to the spreading of immunity and autoimmune disease. We had several unexpected findings during this project. We found that EBI2 expression is transient after infection with EBV, and that long-term infected cells actually express this gene at very low levels. We ...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method to treat cancer or non-cancer diseases by activation of the light-sensitive photosensitizers. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the development of certain cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and B cell lymphoma. This study aims to examine the effects of EBV infection on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cells after the photosensitizer Zn-BC-AM PDT treatment. Epithelial tumor cell lines HONE-1 and latent EBV-infected HONE-1 (EBV-HONE-1) cells were used in this study. Cells were treated with the photosensitizer Zn-BC-AM for 24 hours before light irradiation. RT-PCR and quantitative ELISA methods were used for the evaluation of mRNA expression and production of cytokines, respectively. Results show that Zn-BC-AM PDT increases the production of IL-1a and IL-1b in EBV-HONE-1. Over a 10-fold increase in the production of IL-6 was observed in the culture supernatant of Zn-BC-AM PDT-treated HONE-1 cells. PDT-induced ...
Infection of humans with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may cause infectious mononucleosis (IM). Analysis of single EBV-infected cells from tonsils of IM patients for rearranged immunoglobulin genes revealed two strategies of EBV for rapid and massive spread in the B cell compartment: the direct infection …
A research team at LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) discovered that exosomes derived from Vδ2-T cells (Vδ2-T-Exos) can effectively control Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumours and induce T-cell anti-tumour immunity. The novel findings of Vδ2-T-Exos provide insights into new therapeutic approach for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumours. The ground-breaking findings have been published in the leading academic journal, Science Translational Medicine. [Link to the publication]. Background. EBV infects about 95% of the human population and causes more than 200,000 cases of cancer each year and that around 2% of all cancer deaths are due to EBV-attributable malignancies. EBV-associated tumours include Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric tumour and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, etc. Current treatment options for EBV-associated tumours are limited with considerably unwanted off-target toxicities and incomplete ...
Infectious Mononucleosis in Adolescents What is infectious mononucleosis? Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mononucleosis, mono, or glandular fever, is characterized by swollen lymph glands and chronic fatigue. What causes infectious mononucleosis? Infectious mononucleosis is either caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or the cytomegalovirus, both of which are members of the herpes simplex virus family. Consider the following statistics: In the US, almost 95 percent of adults between 35 and 40...
This topic contains 47 study abstracts on Epstein-Barr Virus Infections indicating that the following substances may be helpful: Curcumin, Licorice, and Turmeric
Read Epstein-Barr virus-mediated protection against etoposide-induced apoptosis in BJA-B B cell lymphoma cells: role of Bcl-2 and caspase proteins, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Infectious Mononucleosis. Also known as mononucleosis or mono Pfeiffers disease or glandular fever, infectious mononucleosis can be identified by inflamed lymph glands and constant fatigue. The disease is named so as the amount of mononuclear leukocytes which belong to white cells increase in number. The cause of the disease is EBV (Epstein - Barr virus) or in some cases cytomegalovirus. Both these viruses belong to the family of herpes simplex. According to statistic majority of the adults in the United States are exposed to the virus Epstein - Barr, a very widespread virus. Although the virus does not show any visible affects in children but it does in adolescents which can lead to infectious mononucleosis in nearly fifty percent of cases of exposure to the virus.. The other virus called cytomegalovirus which also belongs to the family of herpes simplex causes the cells to become enlarged. According to statistics, about eighty percent of adolescents infected with this virus generally dont ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxic T cells, causing infectious mononucleosis during adolescence. Primary infection with EBV is followed by latent infection in which the reservoir B cells are immortalized. EBV tumorigenic potential in Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and post-transplant B cell lymphomas has been well-documented. Distinct forms of EBV latency and patterns of latent gene expression can contribute to the different tumours ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a persistent latent infection in B lymphocytes and is associated with the development of numerous human tumors. (EBV) is a potent transforming agent of resting B lymphocytes, promoting cell cycle entry and subsequent continuous proliferation. EBV is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous lymphoid tumors, including Burkitts lymphoma (BL), Hodgkins disease, posttransplant lymphomas, and certain T-cell and natural killer cell lymphomas, in addition to the epithelial cell tumor nasopharyngeal carcinoma (reviewed in reference 54). Like other members of the herpesvirus family, EBV has a biphasic life cycle involving a latent and a lytic phase. In infected B cells, EBV establishes a latent infection where the Ntrk3 172-kb double-stranded DNA viral genome is maintained as a closed circular episome and expresses a limited set of latent genes. These include the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNAs) 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, and -LP and latent membrane proteins (LMPs) ...