BACKGROUND: LigaSure has been reported as a safe and effective approach for parenchymal transection in open hepatectomy; however, its roles in laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) with liver cirrhosis have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of LigaSure vs. Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) for LH in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis.. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 135 HCC patients with background cirrhosis who underwent pure LH using CUSA (n = 55) or LigaSure (n = 80) for parenchymal transection between January 2015 and May 2017 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching between the LigaSure and CUSA groups. Subsequently, 48 patients were included in each group.. RESULTS: The mean parenchymal transection time (74.3 ± 23.6 vs. 86.3 ± 25.8 min, P = 0.019) in the LigaSure group was obviously shorter than that in the CUSA group. The LigaSure did not increase the ...

Background: Living donor liver transplantation remains the predominant option for patients with acute or chronic liver failure in many regions with poor cadaveric donation rates. Over the years, the donor mortality and donor liver failure has been minimized due to improvement in selection and surgical expertise. However like any major liver resections, the risk of bleeding, reoperations and readmissions remains. Aim: Analysis of Reoperation and Readmission rates following Living Donor Hepatectomy from a single center from Western India. Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of living donors who required re-exploration and / or readmissions after Living donor hepatectomy performed between April 2013 & October 2016 at a single center. Results: 137 Donor hepatectomies were done during this period (121 Right Liver grafts and 16 Left lobe and Left lateral segment grafts). The mean age of Donors was 36 years (20 to 58) with a male preponderance ( M/F :1.6/1). There was no mortality (30 day and 90 ...

The inflammatory response has been shown to be a major contributor to acute kidney injury. Considering that laparoscopic surgery is beneficial in reducing the inflammatory response, we compared the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury between laparoscopic liver resection and open liver resection. Among 1173 patients who underwent liver resection surgery, 222 of 926 patients who underwent open liver resection were matched with 222 of 247 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection, by using propensity score analysis. The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury assessed according to the creatinine criteria of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition was compared between those 1:1 matched groups. A total 77 (6.6%) cases of postoperative acute kidney injury occurred. Before matching, the incidence of acute kidney injury after laparoscopic liver resection was significantly lower than that after open liver resection [1.6% (4/247) vs. 7.9% (73/926), P < 0.001]. ...

Background With the development of laparoscopic skills, its application has expanded in living donor liver transplantation. However, due to technical difficulties, pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy (PLDH) is performed few centers. In this report, we compare the safety and early outcomes of PLDH and open donor hepatectomy (ODH). Moreover, the learning curve of each group was analyzed and compared during the experienced period.. Methods Total of 78 consecutive living liver donors underwent the right hepatectomy from January 2010 to March 2017. Of these, 43 living donors underwent the ODH and the 35 donors underwent the PLDH. Two donors of the PLDH group underwent open conversion due to bleeding and large graft size. The learning curve was defined using the moving average method.. Results Except for the size of the right portal vein (PLDH 13.4± 6.3 mm, ODH 10.8± 3.2; p=0.03) donor demographic including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fatty change and vascular and biliary anomaly were ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Hepatectomy for Solid Tumor in the Posterior Portion of the Right Lobe. T2 - Initial Experience. AU - Huang, Ming Te. AU - Lee, Wei Jei. AU - Wang, Weu. AU - Wei, Po Li. AU - Chen, Robert J.. PY - 2003/11. Y1 - 2003/11. N2 - Objective: To prove the feasibility of hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection for tumors located in the posterior portion of the right hepatic lobe. Summary Background Data: Use of laparoscopic liver resection remains limited due to problems with technique, especially when the tumor is located near the diaphragm, or in the posterior portion of the right lobe. Methods: Between October 2001 and June 2002, a total of 7 patients with solid hepatic tumors involving the posterior portion of the right lobe of liver underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy with the HandPort system at our hospital. Surgical techniques used included CO2 pneumoperitoneum and the creation of a wound on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen for ...

The process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is very complex and is associated with signalling cascades involving initiation signals, transcription factors, cytokines, growth factors, tissue remodelling and termination of growth related signals. To date the exact mechanism of liver regeneration remains poorly understood. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) acts as a sensor for immune signals and plays a critical role in host defence. It is known that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the ligands for TLR4. Binding of LPS to TLR4 leads to activation of transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) via the intracellular adaptor molecule, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), which in turn activates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. Evidence suggests that LPS/TLR4 signalling may be involved in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy, as delayed liver regeneration and impaired cytokine responses were observed in C3H/HeJ mice, a mouse that is ...

Introduction: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has been successfully applied to increase the future liver remnant before a right trisectionectomy. Tumor infiltration to the right portal vein is a challenge situation. Material and methods: A patient with advanced gallbladder carcinoma underwent exploration. Intraoperative finding showed tumor infiltration of the right portal vein and the duodenum. In-situ split of the left lateral liver lobe combined with postoperative right portal vein embolization completed the concept of ALPPS.. Results: Successful right trisectionectomy in combination with whipple operation without tumor residual could be achieved 8 days later, while the liver remnant increased from 491 ml to 911 ml. Neither post-hepatectomy liver failure nor postoperative anastomotic leak has been observed. 3 month follow up has not shown any sign of tumor recurrence. Conclusion: In-situ split combined with postoperative right portal vein ...

Studies on the hyperplasia (regeneration) of the rat liver following partial hepatectomy. Changes in lipid peroxidation and general biochemical aspects

Prabhakaran, K.,Patankar, Jahoorahmad M.V.,Neo, Grace T.H. (2004). Chylous ascites following liver resection - Case report. Pediatric Surgery International 20 (9) : 719-721. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-004-1281-9 ...

Looking for online definition of anterior portion of left medial segment IV of liver in the Medical Dictionary? anterior portion of left medial segment IV of liver explanation free. What is anterior portion of left medial segment IV of liver? Meaning of anterior portion of left medial segment IV of liver medical term. What does anterior portion of left medial segment IV of liver mean?

Tetsuo Ikeda, MD, PhD, M Tomikawa, MD, PhD, T Iguchi, MD, PhD, Y Yamashita, MD, PhD, T Ikegami, MD, PhD, H Uchiyama, MD, PhD, A Oshita, MD, PhD, T Yoshizumi, MD, PhD, Y Soejima, MD, PhD, M Ninomiya, K Shirabe, MD, PhD, Y Maehara. Tel:092-642-5462Fax:092-642-5482Kyushu University.. Background: Laparoscopic liver resection is a common treatment for hepatic tumors in the lower edge and lateral segments. Patients with tumors in the anterosuperior and posterior segments often undergo open surgery and major hepatectomy. We developed a novel method of performing laparoscopic liver resection in the semi-prone position using dual handling technique and bipolar irrigation system.. Methods: Of 160 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection at our center from June 1994 to July 2013, we retrospectively studied the patients with tumors in the anterosuperior and posterior segments.. Results: 60 patients were tumor located in anterosuperior and posterior segments were performed pure laparoscopic ...

Portal vein embolization (PVE) is a preoperative procedure performed in interventional radiology to initiate hypertrophy of the anticipated future liver remnant a couple weeks prior to a major liver resection procedure. The procedure involves injecting the right or left portal vein with embolic material to occlude portal blood flow. By occluding the blood flow to areas of the liver that will be resected away, the blood is diverted to healthy parts of the liver and induces hyperplasia. This may allow for a more extensive resection or stage bilateral resections that would otherwise be contraindicated resulting in better oncological treatment outcomes. Indications for PVE depend on the ratio of future liver remnant (FLR) to total estimated liver volume (TELV) and liver condition. Although there is no consensus to the absolute minimum liver volume required for adequate post-resection liver function, a FLR/TELV ratio of at least 25% in recommended in patients with otherwise normal livers. The ...

The aim of this study was to determine if the post-operative serum arterial lactate concentration is associated with mortality, length of hospital stay or complications following hepatic resection. Serum lactate concentration was recorded at the end of liver resection in a consecutive series of 488 patients over a seven-year period. Liver function, coagulation and electrolyte tests were performed post-operatively. Renal dysfunction was defined as a creatinine rise of |1.5x the pre-operative value. The median lactate was 2.8 mmol/L (0.6 to 16 mmol/L) and was elevated (≥2 mmol/L) in 72% of patients. The lactate concentration was associated with peak post-operative bilirubin, prothrombin time, renal dysfunction, length of hospital stay and 90-day mortality (P | 0.001). The 90-day mortality in patients with a post-operative lactate ≥6 mmol/L was 28% compared to 0.7% in those with lactate ≤2 mmol/L. Pre-operative diabetes, number of segments resected, the surgeons assessment of liver parenchyma, blood

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The Glissonean pedicle transection method has been reported to shorten operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and minimize surgical risks in HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy 22. The Glissonean approach may therefore be more beneficial for HCC patients undergoing curative resection than other hilar vascular control methods such as the Pringle maneuver. However, in a large series, only 17.1% of patients underwent major hepatectomy involving two or more segments, with most patients (80.3%) undergoing segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy18. Our patient cohort differs in the extent of liver resection as well as including only patients with large (, 5 cm) nodular HCCs. 56% Of the 25 patients in our Glissonean group, 14 (56%) underwent removal of more than 2.5 segments (right trisegmetectomy).. To our best knowledge, our study is the first to compare the surgical effectiveness and safety of Glissonean transection with the Pringle maneuver in patients with large HCC undergoing radical ...

Blood purification, mainly plasma exchange (PE), was carried out for 13 cases of acute, and two cases of chronic postoperative liver failure. Four of thirteen acute cases (31%) survived. Although only one of eight with chronic liver disease survived, three of five without chronic liver disease survived. In most of those who lived, other organ failure occurred less often; total bilirubin and blood ammonia were less than 15 mg/dl and 200 micrograms/dl, respectively, before PE: and total bilirubin, blood ammonia, and branched chain amino acid/aromatic amino acid (BCAA/AAA) ratios recovered after five or fewer sessions of PE. Two chronic cases, treated for 1 and 4 years, respectively, were good candidates for liver or multiple organ transplantation. Although both died, PE was effective in reducing jaundice and in improving consciousness and general condition. Plasma exchange should be introduced early after assessing the changes in total bilirubin, blood ammonia, and coma grade in patients with acute

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a molecule with known proliferative effects on hematopoietic cells. More recent studies suggest that this molecule may also have effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation in other types of cells. The current investigations demonstrate that there is a large reservoir of SCF in the liver, that hepatic SCF levels change dramatically following partial hepatectomy in mice, and that SCF blockade, either by administration of anti-SCF antibodies or by using genetically altered, SCF-deficient mice, inhibits hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy; if SCF is replaced in the genetically SCF-deficient mice after partial hepatectomy, hepatocyte proliferation is restored to that seen in WT animals. Furthermore, SCF administration to IL-6 knockout mice also restores hepatocyte proliferation to normal. In vitro studies using primary mouse hepatocytes demonstrate that SCF causes hepatocyte proliferation and is induced by IL-6 and that treatment with anti-SCF ...

A delay in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) leads to acute liver injury, and such delays are frequently observed in aged patients. BubR1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1) controls chromosome mitotic segregation through the spindle assembly checkpoint, and BubR1 down-regulation promotes aging-associated phenotypes. In this study we investigated the effects of BubR1 insufficiency on liver regeneration in mice. Low-BubR1-expressing mutant (BubR1(L/L)) mice had a delayed recovery of the liver weight-to-body weight ratio and increased liver deviation enzyme levels after PHx. Microscopic observation of BubR1(L/L) mouse liver showed an increased number of necrotic hepatocytes and intercalated disc anomalies, resulting in widened inter-hepatocyte and perisinusoidal spaces, smaller hepatocytes and early-stage microvilli atrophy. Up-regulation of desmocollin-1 (DSC1) was observed in wild-type, but not BubR1(L/L), mice after PHx. In addition, knockdown of BubR1 expression caused

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It remains unclear if single incision laparoscopic liver surgery is superior to standard multiport resections and in what regard patients might benefit from this approach. We retrospectively analyzed the course of all patients undergoing laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy at our center between 2009 and 2017. In total, 11 single incision and 31 multiport left lateral sectionectomies were performed at our center between July 2009 and May 2017. Six patients were excluded due to multivisceral resections. Indications included adenoma (n = 7 vs n = 2), focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 4 vs n = 3), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 4 vs n = 4), colorectal liver metastasis (n = 4 vs n = 0), noncolorectal metastasis (n = 2 vs n = 1), hemangioma (n = 3 vs n = 0), abscess (n = 1 vs n = 0), and cysts (n = 1 vs n = 0 ...

Many different techniques of parenchymal transection are used in hepatic surgery. In a systematic review, there were no significant differences in morbidity (including bile leak), mortality, routine markers of liver parenchymal injury or dysfunction and length of hospital stay irrespective of the method used for parenchymal transection. This Cochrane review analyzed studies comparing the following transection devices: CUSA (cavitron ultrasound surgical aspirator) versus clamp-crush (two trials); radiofrequency dissecting sealer versus clamp-crush (two trials); sharp dissection versus clamp-crush technique (one trial); and hydrojet versus CUSA (one trial). The clamp-crush technique appeared to have the lowest blood loss and lowest transfusion requirements compared to the other techniques.. However, even in specialized centers morbidity and mortality rates of hepatic resections are still in the range of 45% and 3% respectively and uncertainty persists regarding the optimal technique of ...

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Authors:. Fabrizio Di Benedetto MD PhD FACS, Paolo Magistri MD. Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. Summary:. This is the case of a 67 years-old man affected by chronic HBV-related liver cirrhosis who was diagnosed with a large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the left lobe, AFP negative. On CT-scan the lesion was suspect for diaphragmatic infiltration and resulted to be close to the left portal vein. After multidisciplinary evaluation in our Institutional tumor board the patient was scheduled for left hepatectomy with robotic approach. On exploratory laparoscopy there was no diaphragmatic infiltration, therefore the procedure was carried on as planned.. Robotic approach for HCC on cirrhosis is particularly effective to reduce the risk of liver decompensation and improve post-operative outcomes, with lesser incidence of morbidity, shorter in-hospital stay and early return to daily life activity. Moreover, ...

To evaluate the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) administration on liver regeneration after 90% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. ω-3 PUFAs were intravenously injected in the ω-3 PUFA group before PH surgery. PH

TY - JOUR. T1 - Commentary on Yan et al.. T2 - Laparoscopic Liver Resection: A Review of Current Status. AU - Gruttadauria, Salvatore. PY - 2017/5/1. Y1 - 2017/5/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85019109983&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85019109983&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1089/lap.2017.29017.sg. DO - 10.1089/lap.2017.29017.sg. M3 - Comment/debate. AN - SCOPUS:85019109983. VL - 27. SP - 487. EP - 488. JO - Journal of Laparoendoscopic and Advanced Surgical Techniques - Part A. JF - Journal of Laparoendoscopic and Advanced Surgical Techniques - Part A. SN - 1092-6429. IS - 5. ER - ...

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Liver regeneration requires spatially and temporally precisely coordinated proliferation of the two major hepatic cell populations, hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), to reconstitute liver structure and function. The underlying mechanisms of this complex molecular cross-talk remain elusive. Here, we show that the expression of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) in LSECs is dynamically regulated after partial hepatectomy. During the early inductive phase of liver regeneration, Ang2 down-regulation leads to reduced LSEC transforming growth factor-β1 production, enabling hepatocyte proliferation by releasing an angiocrine proliferative brake. During the later angiogenic phase of liver regeneration, recovery of endothelial Ang2 expression enables regenerative angiogenesis by controlling LSEC vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression. The data establish LSECs as a dynamic rheostat of liver regeneration, spatiotemporally orchestrating hepatocyte and LSEC proliferation ...

TUESDAY, Sept. 19, 2017 (HealthDay News) - For patients undergoing liver surgery, extended pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis appears effective and safe, according to a study published online Aug. 28 in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.. Bradford J. Kim, M.D., M.H.S., from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and colleagues examined the safety and efficacy of extended pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in liver surgery for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). A total of 124 patients who underwent liver resection for malignancy were placed on an extended pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis protocol. After discharge from the hospital, 91.1 percent of patients continued anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis to complete a course of 14 days after minor/minimally invasive hepatectomy or 28 days after major hepatectomy or VTE history.. The researchers found that the rates of intraoperative, postoperative, and overall transfusion were 5.6, 8.1, and 10.5 percent, ...

Rationale. Major liver surgery often requires the surgeon to temporarily halt the afferent blood flow in order to prevent excessive blood loss. Vascular inflow occlusion (VIO) however predisposes the liver to a detrimental inflammatory response once the circulation is restored. Altogether, the ramifications that result from this temporary withdrawal of oxygen supply are known as ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, and the extent to which this occurs determines the functional outcome of the liver after surgery. Recently, it has become clear that (over)activation of the immune system forms the mainstay of hepatic I/R injury. More importantly, it has been shown in animal models that endogenous self-antigens, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released from stressed liver cells in the earliest stages of reperfusion and, as such, form the most proximal triggers of hepatic I/R injury. Clinical data on DAMP release following hepatic I/R are however scarce to date. Therefore, ...

Liver cancer can be treated in a number of different ways. Some of the commonly used methods by which this ailment can be treated is liver resection which involves surgically removing that part of the liver which contains tumor; laparoscopic resection in which as compared to liver resection involves carrying out three to four incisions into the liver in order to remove the tumor present part of the liver. This is relatively a less complicated surgery to perform. Apart from these two, there are some additional different forms of treatments like Partial Hepatectomy in which that part of the liver is removed which contains tumor and the last one being, liver transplant, which is medically also known as Total Hepatectomy in which the liver is completely removed and replaced with another. On an average, cost of liver cancer surgery in India for resection costs somewhere around twenty thousand rupees approximately while for liver transplant it is slightly on the higher side. ...

Although variable prognostic factors (patient age, number and size of metastases, lymph node infiltration, stage of primary disease, prior local recurrence of the primary tumor, and clear resection margin of metastatic lesion) have been suggested in some reports, many authors describe the importance of hormone receptor status as a prognostic factor for the primary tumor after complete resection of BCLM [12,17,20]. Golse and Adam [23] suggested that the best results after the resection of BCLM are achieved after applying selection criteria based on small metastases (, 4-5 cm), minor hepatectomy, radical resection (ideally R0, or R1), stable disease after neoadjuvant therapy, and a delay between primary and secondary lesions longer than 1 or 2 years. Howerver, the age of the patient, her hormone receptor status, and HER2 overexpression are not strong predictors of overall survival [23]. In our study, time to recurrence was relatively short if the metastatic lesion was larger than 5 cm, or there ...

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Background and Aim Hepatic resection involves not only complete removal of tumors but also preservation of optimal liver function after surgery. This study introduces the technique of inferior right...

When rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy, glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase (EC 5.3.1.19) of the remaining liver underwent alterations both in activity and in molecular form. To study the molecular alterations, glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase was purified from regenerating as well as control liver and was analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Although control liver exhibited only one form of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase with a pl of 5.0, sequential and transient appearance of three other forms, with pl values of 4.3, 4.8, and 4.5, respectively, was observed for regenerating liver within 72 hr following partial hepatectomy. Laparotomy, on the other hand, induced in the liver only the pl 4.8 form, and injection of a mixture containing triiodothyronine, amino acids, glucagon, and heparin induced only the pl 4.3 and 4.5 forms. It therefore appears that the pl 4.3 and 4.5 forms, but not the pl 4.8 form, are associated with hepatic DNA synthesis. The pl 4.8 form is induced in the liver in ...

Aim: The objective was to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques used in a pre-operative assessment protocol for colorectal liver metastases are as accurate as spiral computer tomography during arterial portography (CTAP). Pre-operative accuracy and clinical consequences of MRI are described and compared with CTAP. Moreover, post-operative survival rate and tumour recurrence were studied. Methods: The study group comprised 84 patients which were possible candidates for a partial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Patients were pre-operatively evaluated by CT of the abdomen, CT of the thorax and spiral CTAP and ferumoxide-enhanced MRI was performed in routine way for all patients. Following this selection, 35 patients underwent a partial hepatectomy with curative intent. All patients were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Ferumoxide-enhanced MRI proved to be at least as accurate as spiral CTAP in 81% of patients. In nine patients (11%) spiral ...

BACKGROUND: Nurse-to-patient ratios in the intensive care unit are associated with postoperative mortality, morbidity, and costs after some high-risk surgery. OBJECTIVE: To determine if having 1 nurse caring for 1 or 2 patients (more nurses) versus 1 nurse caring for 3 or more patients (fewer nurses) in the intensive care unit at night is associated with differences in clinical and economic outcomes after hepatectomy. METHODS: Statewide observational cohort study of 569 adults who had hepatic resection, 1994 to 1998. Hospital discharge data were linked to a prospective survey of organizational characteristics in the intensive care unit. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association of nighttime nurse-to-patient ratios with in-hospital mortality, length of stay, hospital costs, and specific postoperative complications. RESULTS: A total of 240 patients at 25 hospitals had fewer nurses; 316 patients in 8 hospitals had more nurses. No significant association between nighttime ...

Despite the use of alternative therapy strategies surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases remains the treatment of choice and is associated with long-term survival in a significant number of patients [1, 2]. After curative resection of colorectal liver metastases the 5-year survival rate ranges from 20% to 51% depending on preoperative selection criteria and published series [3]. However, up to 75% of resected patients will develop extra- or intrahepatic tumor recurrence [4]. One possible cause for this tumor recurrence may be intraoperative hematogenous tumor cell dissemination due to mechanical manipulation of the tumor during hepatic resection [5].. Recently, RT-PCR based protocols were developed for the detection of disseminated tumor cells [6]. We developed a sensitive and specific CK 20 RT-PCR system for detection of disseminated colorectal cancer cells in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes [7-9]. By using the CK 20 RT-PCR, we demonstrated that there is a significantly enhanced ...

Our objective was to demonstrate the protective effect of glycine (Gly) and vitamin E (VE) on a model ofethanol-induced acute liver injury during the early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy(PH) in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats (body weight (b.w.), 240 - 280 g) were divided into four groups (n = 10,each, respectively) as follows: 1) control partial hepatectomy (PH), 70%; 2) PH + ethanol (EtOH) at 1.5g/kg b.w; 3) PH + Gly (0.6 g/kg b.w) + EtOH, and; 4) PH + VE (400 International units [IU]) + EtOH. Twentyfour h after surgery, animals were killed and liver damage and oxidative stress parameters weremeasured. Ethanol caused a decrease in serum albumin (2.27 vs 3.12 g/dL; p < 0.05), cholesterol (31.4vs 48.0 mg/dL; p < 0.05), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 70 vs 380 UI; p < 0.05), and alanineaminotransferase (ALT, 110 vs 170 UI; p < 0.05) in comparison with the PH control group, but thesedecreases were reverted with either Gly or VE administration. Furthermore, Gly and VE ...

Although liver regeneration occurring after partial hepatectomy (PH) is greatly reduced in aged mice, liver hyperplasia induced by xenobiotic mitogens was found to be age independent. Here, we investigated the potential utility of mitogens in stimulating liver regeneration in old mice subjected to two-third PH. Although virtually no hepatocytes entered S phase 48 h after PH, pretreatment (2 h prior to surgery) with 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)benzene (TCPOBOP), a ligand of constitutive androstane receptor, induced an increase of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and enhanced the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen . Next, we investigated the potential utility of mitogens in the context of donor conditioning prior to living-related transplantation. Three days after TCPOBOP administration to intact young mice, an almost doubling of the liver mass and DNA content occurred; the regenerative response to two-third resection of the TCPOBOP-induced hyperplastic ...

In the liver, the JNK cascade is induced downstream of TNF receptors (TNFRs) in response to inflammatory, microbial, and toxic challenges. Sustained activation of JNK triggers programmed cell death (PCD), and hepatocyte survival during these challenges requires induction of the NF-κB pathway, which antagonizes this activation by upregulating target genes. Thus, modulation of JNK activity is crucial to the liver response to TNFR-mediated challenge. The basis for this modulation, however, is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the NF-κB target Gadd45b in the regulation of hepatocyte fate during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. We generated Gadd45b-/- mice and found that they exhibited decreased hepatocyte proliferation and increased PCD during liver regeneration. Notably, JNK activity was markedly increased and sustained in livers of Gadd45b-/- mice compared with control animals after partial hepatectomy. Furthermore, imposition of a Jnk2-null mutation, attenuating JNK ...

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KuoHsin Chen, MD, Tiing Foong Siow, MD, U-Chon Chio, MD, Ying-Da Chen. Far-Eastern Memorial HospitalObjective of the Study: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and results of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High recurrence rate after hepatectomy for HCC is well known. Despite this, rehepatectomy for recurrent HCC for selected patients offers favorable… Continue Reading ...

Purpose: The main difficulty with liver surgery is blood loss. It is hard in this case to achieve hemostasis because of the oozing bleeding. The aim of this study was to ..

Purpose The significant advantages of robotic surgery have expanded the scope of surgical procedures that can be performed through minimally invasive techniques. The aim of this study was to compare...

According to results recently published in the Archives of Surgery, a second surgery to remove colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver can significantly improve survival.. Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The liver is one of the most common places to which colorectal cancer spreads in its advanced stages. Cancer spread to the liver is referred to as liver metastasis.. Treatment for liver metastasis depends upon overall health of the patient, extent of spread, and anatomical location of the metastasis. Overall, surgical removal of cancer in the liver (hepatic resection) appears to provide the best outcomes. Surgeons often remove a part of the liver (hepatectomy) as well as the cancer. However, because outcomes following a second hepatic resection have not been clearly established, patients often undergo just one resection.. Researchers from France recently conducted a study to evaluate data including 40 patients with colorectal ...

The liver has an enormous capacity to regenerate, as demonstrated by the 2/3 partial hepatectomy model in rodents. In addition, the liver has a stem cell compar...

Discussion. The regenerative capacity of the liver was first described in ancient times, and dates back to Greek mythology:1 Prometheus, a titan and champion of mankind, stole fire from Zeus and presented it to humans. As punishment, Zeus sentenced Prometheus to eternal torment. He was incarcerated on a rock and each day an eagle was sent to feed on his swliver. Fortunately (or unfortunately!) the liver regenerated each night and the eagle returned daily, sentencing Prometheus to eternal torment.. Thankfully, the regenerative capacity of the liver forms the basis of modern hepatobiliary surgery, where in the presence of a noncirrhotic liver, up to 80% of the liver can safely be resected, relying on this regenerative capacity of the remnant to sustain the patients functional requirements.1 Liver resection progress has been significant in the last few decades and pivotal to a better understanding of liver anatomy and physiology.2. Glisson gave the first accurate insights into liver anatomy in ...

Addition of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) failed to improve progression-free survival in non-resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Background: Portal vein embolization (PVE) is used routinely to prevent postoperative liver failure as a result of anticipated insufficient future liver remnant volume following resection. The authors have recently developed a technique for temporary PVE. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated reversible PVE on hepatocyte proliferation and subsequent liver hypertrophy in rodents. Methods: Four treatments were compared (n=21 rats per group): single reversible PVE, two PVEs separated by 14 days, partial portal vein ligation or sham procedure. The feasibility and tolerance of the procedure were assessed. Volumetric imaging by CT was used to estimate the evolution of liver volumes. After death, the weight of liver lobes was measured and hepatocyte proliferation evaluated by immunostaining. Results: Embolization of portal branches corresponding to 70 per cent of total portal flow was performed successfully in all animals. Repeated PVE induced additional hepatocyte proliferation.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Right hepatic lobe resection and thrombocytopenia. AU - Adike, Abimbola. AU - Rakela, Jorge. AU - Czaplicki, Christopher. AU - Moss, Adyr. AU - Carey, Elizabeth. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2017, Fundacion Clinica Medica Sur. All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/1/1. Y1 - 2017/1/1. N2 - Thrombocytopenia has previously been reported after right lobe resection for organ donation. The mechanism(s) of low platelets after right hepatectomy is unclear and several hypotheses have been proposed including a decrease in thrombopoietin, and hepatic insufficiency resulting in relative portal hypertension following hepatic resection. However, there has previously not been any comparison between patients who undergo hepatic resection for neoplasia vs. for living organ donation. We compared platelet values in the postoperative period of patients who underwent right hepatectomy for living donation (n = 93) to those who underwent hepatectomy for neoplasia (n = 21). There was no significant difference ...

BOTHA, J et al. Living donor liver transplantation in South Africa: the donor experience. S. Afr. j. surg. [online]. 2019, vol.57, n.3, pp.11-16. ISSN 2078-5151. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-5151/2019/v57n3a2998.. BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) plays a crucial role in liver transplant programmes, particularly in regions with a scarcity of deceased donor organs and especially for paediatric recipients. LDLT is a complex and demanding procedure which places a healthy living donor in harms way. Donor safety is therefore the overriding concern. This study aimed to report our standardised approach to the evaluation, technical aspects and outcomes of LDLT donor hepatectomy at Wits Donald Gordon Medical CentreMETHODS: The study population consisted of all patients undergoing LDLT donor hepatectomy since the inception of the programme in March 2013 until 2018. Sixty five living donor hepatectomies were performed. Primary outcome measures included donor demographics, operative ...

In living donor liver transplantation, the recipient liver undergoes more rapid regeneration than the remnant liver in the donor. In this study we investigated the factors which may be responsible for the difference in the regenerative response between the donor and the recipient. <br>Long Evans rats were subjected to either partial hepatectomy (PH) or sham operation (SH) and were treated with liver cytosol (C) and cyclosporine (Cy). The rats were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively. The livers were removed to determine the liver weight/body weight (LW / BW ) ratio and the mitotic index. <br>The mitotic index, serum aspartate transferase (AST) and serum alanine transferase (ALT), although unchanged in the SH groups, were increased in the rats treated with PH + C + Cy, and were greater than after PH only. However LW / BW ratios increased after PH but had returned to preoperative levels by 2 weeks. The changes in LW / BW ratio were not modified by the

Estrogen plays an important role in the development of some cancers. However, previous studies on the influence of estrogen on colorectal cancer (CRC) have had conflicting conclusions, and there have been few reports on estrogens and liver metastasis. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic impact of estrogens on CRC with liver metastasis. Eighty-six patients with CRC including 43 synchronous liver metastases were studied. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) levels were assayed by immunohistochemistry in liver metastasis, CRC and adjacent normal tissues. Serum estrogen levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The correlation between staining, clinicopathological parameters, and prognostic power were analyzed statistically. Significant differences were found in ERβ expression between liver metastasis (P = 0.012) and CRC (P = 0.002) compared to adjacent normal tissues. Serum estrogen levels in patients with liver metastases were significantly lower than those without liver metastasis (P = 0.012).

Patients treated by liver resection had the best outcome, while patients with extrahepatic diseases had poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients treated by regional chemotherapy improved significantly with the advent of irinotecan and better selection.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Portal vein ligation as an efficient method of increasing the future liver remnant volume in the surgical treatment of colorectal metastases. T2 - Invited critique. AU - Billingsley, Kevin. PY - 2008/10. Y1 - 2008/10. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=54349094981&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=54349094981&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1001/archsurg.143.10.982. DO - 10.1001/archsurg.143.10.982. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:54349094981. VL - 143. SP - 982. JO - JAMA Surgery. JF - JAMA Surgery. SN - 2168-6254. IS - 10. ER - ...

CHICAGO -- Bevacizumab (Avastin) given before surgery for curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer did not increase the risk of bleeding, researchers reported here.

We examined the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and LPL activity following a two-thirds hepatectomy and during liver regeneration. In most of the tissues studied, LPL activity increased a few hours after partial hepatectomy, but soon returned to normal levels. The greatest increase was found in the adrenal glands, plasma and liver. This increase in LPL activity in the liver could be partially due to an increase in the influx of the enzyme from extrahepatic tissues. There is, however, also a re-expression of LPL mRNA in the liver after partial hepatectomy (during the first hours). It is well known that LPL is expressed in the liver of neonatal animals, but progressively decreases during post-natal development, to reach adult levels around the time of weaning. Our results show by the first time that the remaining liver re-expresses LPL gene during the regeneration process and that the hepatocytes de-differentiate and acquire some of the neonatal characteristics. The increase in LPL ...

The liver is the most common anatomical site for hematogenous metastases from colorectal cancer. Therefore effective treatment of liver metastases is one of the most challenging elements in the management of colorectal cancer. However, there is rare available clinical consensus or guideline only focusing on colorectal liver metastases. After six rounds of discussion by 195 clinical experts of the Shanghai International Consensus Expert Group on Colorectal Liver Metastases (SINCE) from 29 countries or regions, the Shanghai Consensus has been finally completed, based on current research and expert experience. The consensus emphasized the principle of multidisciplinary team, provided detailed diagnosis approaches, and guided precise local and systemic treatments. This Shanghai Consensus might be of great significance to standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal liver metastases all over the world.

Melanomul conjunctival Melanomul conjunctival este foarte rar. Pot exista motive ereditare pentru renașterea lor. Melanomul în iris apare în partea din față, partea colorată a ochiului.

The alternative regenerative medicine approach aims to explore the post-embryonic regeneration of tissues, such as the pancreas, as a therapeutic application option for a variety of diseases. Post-embryonic regeneration of tissue applies to the liver, kidney, peripheral tissues (i.e., wound healing), and others. Many examples of tissues regeneration without soliciting stem cells exist. For example, a salamander is regenerating lost limbs without soliciting stem cell intervention. These findings give possible strategies for tissues repair in humans, beyond stem cell-based approaches. Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy is carried out by the participation of all mature liver cell types. We demonstrated through our novel biologic approach that integrates multiple levels of somatic cellular physiology to regulate regenerative organ capacity without stem cell via a post-embryonic mechanism. This new field of research has been coined as

MATERIALS AND METHODS:. 112 living donors who performed right hepatectomy for LDLT were included retrospectively. We measured the volume of future remnant liver (FLR) on pre-operative CT and the volume of remnant liver (LR) on follow-up CT, taken at a median of 123 days after transplantation. The regeneration index (RI) was calculated using the following equation: [Formula: see text]. Computerized texture analysis of the semi-automatically segmented FLR was performed. We used a stepwise, multivariable linear regression to assess associations of clinical features and texture parameters in relation to RI and to make the best-fit predictive model. ...

Intact rats trained on a controlled feeding and lighting schedule designated 8+16 exhibited diurnal oscillations in liver weight, glucokinase activity and liver glycogen content. Glucokinase activity expressed as units/g of liver decreased to 30% of that from unoperated controls during the first 48h after partial hepatectomy and returned to near normal values in 2 weeks. When the glucokinase activity was expressed as units/liver per 100g body wt., a decrease to 50% of control activity was observed between 24 and 48h after the operation. A similar pattern was found for pyruvate kinase type I. In contrast, pyruvate kinase type III activity increased after partial hepatectomy. It is suggested that the newly divided cells after partial hepatectomy do not synthesize glucokinase and pyruvate kinase I but do synthesize pyruvate kinase III. Glycogen was found to accumulate as early as 24h after partial hepatectomy, and normal concentrations were reached after 48h if the operation was performed at ...

Radioembolization (RE) is an emerging treatment strategy for patients with primary hepatic malignancies and metastatic liver disease. Though RE is primarily performed in the palliative setting, a shift toward the curative setting is seen. Currently, hepatic resection and in selected cases liver transplantation are the only curative options for patients ... read more with a hepatic malignancy. Unfortunately, at diagnosis most patients are not eligible for liver surgery due to the imbalance between the necessary liver resection and the remaining liver remnant. However, in borderline resectable cases, tumor volume reduction and/or increasing the future liver remnant can lead to a resectable situation. The combination of selective tumor treatment, the induction of hypertrophy of untreated liver segments, and its favourable toxicity profile make RE an appealing strategy for downstaging. The present review discusses the possibilities for RE in the preoperative setting as a downstaging tool or as a ...

Wakai, T.; Shirai, Y.; Tsukada, K.; Aono, T.; Kurosaki, I.; Hatakeyama, K., 1996: Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with precirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis successfully treated by a right hepatic lobectomy: Report of a case

TY - JOUR. T1 - Expanding the role of surgical therapy for colorectal liver metastases. AU - Choti, Michael A.. PY - 2012/6. Y1 - 2012/6. N2 - Management of patients with colorectal metastases to the liver often requires complex multidisciplinary care. Improved short-term and long-term outcomes with hepatic resection have resulted in an increasing aggressive surgical approach for many of these patients. Even with more contemporary definition of resectability, however, most patients may not be initial candidates for resection. The use of other preoperative systemic and liver-directed therapies offers the opportunity to expand the number of patients who may be candidates for curative-intent strategies. Systemic therapies can achieve responses which are capable of downsizing unresectable disease to a resectable status. Local therapies can also be used in a similar way. Yet, the optimal application and timing of these multimodality approaches to expand the role of surgical therapy remain ...

Liver echinococcus | Extensive liver resection. Surgery: Treatment in Herne, Germany ✈. Prices on BookingHealth.com - booking treatment online!

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and 2019-nCov. Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, it can lead to death. Here is the latest research on coronaviruses. ...

Seehofer D, Sucher R, Schmelzle M et al.. Klinik für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin.. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie. Feb 2017.. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis have an increased risk for postoperative complications including liver failure. However, there is some evidence that the use of laparoscopy markedly decreases this risk. Patients Between 2010 - 2015, a total of 21 laparoscopic liver resections were performed for HCC in Child-A cirrhosis at our center. Mean MELD score was 9 (6 - 12), and the mean LiMAx was 261 µg/h/kg (101 - 489). All resections were performed by conventional laparoscopy using 4 - 6 trocars. Liver parenchyma was transected using ultrasonic shears. Hilar occlusion was used on demand. In the earlier years, laparoscopic resections were performed occasionally and mainly if tumors were easily accessible. With increasing experience, currently most HCC in ...

Advances in surgical fields and chemotherapy regimens have been increasing long-term outcomes for patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases (CRLM). The liver resection re..

The function of the liver is well-preserved during the aging process, although some evidence suggests that liver regeneration might be impaired with advanced age. We observed a decreased ability of the liver to restore normal volume after partial hepatectomy in elderly mice, and we identified a pathway that rescued regeneration and was triggered by serotonin. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), a serotonin receptor agonist, reversed the age-related pseudocapillarization of old liver and improved hepatosinusoidal blood flow. After hepatectomy, the open fenestrae were associated with a restored attachment of platelets to endothelium and the initiation of a normal regenerative response, including the up-regulation of essential growth mediators and serotonin receptors. In turn, hepatocyte proliferation recovered along with regain of liver volume and animal survival. DOI operates through the release of VEGF, and its effects could be blocked with anti-VEGF antibodies both in vitro and in vivo. ...

0. the group who experienced a liver resection alone was 18 (6.7%) versus 2 (14%) in the concomitant group (= .42). There were 6 (2.2%) postoperative deaths in the hepatectomy group. 3 died due to hepatic insufficiency, 2 due to cardiac complications, and 1 due to sepsis. There were no deaths in the group who experienced a liver resection and loop ileostomy closure. Table 3 demonstrates a case-matched analysis of an equal number of patients to the group who experienced concomitant loop ileostomy closure and liver resection. There was no difference in age, type of liver resection, ASA, number and distribution of liver metastases, maximum tumour size, NSC-280594 or blood loss. Hospital stay was significantly NSC-280594 longer in the concomitant group (= .03) as was the complication rate (= .049), although serious complication rates were not significantly different (0.13). There were no postoperative deaths in these two groups. Table 3 Case-matched analysis. 4. Conversation Loop, or defunctioning, ...

Our data demonstrate that the livers physiological growth response following PH involves MST1 and LATS protein modification and YAP1 activation, which is demonstrated by its nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of target genes. YAP1 involvement in liver regeneration is in agreement with others (Wu et al, 2001; Grijalva et al, 2004); however, our data fine‐tune the role of Hippo during the early hypertrophic and proliferative phases of the regenerative response. Phosphorylated MST1 and LATS1 were detected in quiescent livers; however, their phosphorylation increased at early time points after PH. Although this may appear contradictory to a proliferative response, this increase occurs during the hypertrophy phase of regeneration before the onset of hepatocyte proliferation (Miyaoka et al, 2010). As the hypertrophy phase transitions into the proliferative phase, levels of p‐MST and p‐LATS1 decrease coinciding with Ki67 immunostaining and YAP1 activation. We did not observe ...

The prevalence of steatosis and hepatitis-related liver cirrhosis is dramatically increasing together worldwide. Cirrhosis and, more recently, steatosis are recognized as a clinically important feature that influences patient morbidity and mortality after hepatic resection when compared with patients with healthy liver. To review present knowledge regarding how the presence of cirrhosis or steatosis can influence postoperative outcome after liver resection. A critical review of the English literature was performed to provide data concerning postoperative outcome of patients presenting injured livers who required hepatectomy. In clinical studies, the presence of steatosis impaired postoperative outcome regardless the severity and quality of the hepatic fat. A great improvement in postoperative outcome has been achieved using modern and multidisciplinary preoperative workup in cirrhotic patients. Due to the lack of a proper classification for morbidity and a clear definition of hepatic failure in the

An 18-year-old male living donor for his father with end-stage liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B underwent an extended right lobe donor hepatectomy. The middle hepatic vein was visualised on the cut surface of the graft ...

In this study, we have shown that C5 is an essential component in liver regeneration following toxic injury. Mice deficient in this complement protein were unable to mount a normal regenerative response after toxic exposure to CCl4. This was demonstrated by the delayed entry of C5−/− hepatocytes into the cell cycle, the severely compromised mitotic activity detected in C5−/− livers, as well as the extensive parenchymal necrosis and fat deposition in the deficient mice that persisted until 96 h after the injury (data not shown). Reconstitution of the C5−/− mice with murine C5 resulted in a significant recovery of their regenerative phenotype, as shown by the restored hepatocyte DNA synthetic response and mitotic activity at 48 h after the toxic challenge. It should be noted that the C5−/− mice showed signs of acute necrosis and persisting degeneration until 4 days after the exposure to CCl4, a time at which the wild-type animals had completely recovered from injury. Both wild-type ...

Resection is the gold standard in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. An internal cooled radiofrequency electrode was described to achieve tissue coagulation to a greater margin width. The aim of this study is to determinate if a RFassisted transection device (RFAT) has any effect on local hepatic recurrence (LHER) compared to conventional technologies. A study population of 103 patients who had undergone a hepatic surgical resection was retrospectively analysed. Patients were classified into two groups according to the device used: a RF-assisted device (RFAT group; n=45) and standard conventional devices (control group; n=58). LHER was defined as any growing or enhancing tumour in the margin of hepatic resection during follow-up. Cox proportional models were constructed and variables were eliminated only if p,0.20 to protect against residual confounding. To assess the stability of Coxs regression model and its internal validity, a bootstrap investigation was also ...

About 1 in 5 patients who are on the national waiting list for a liver transplant die or become too sick before an organ becomes available. With an ever-growing need for organs, Mayo Clinic is working to increase awareness about living liver donation for transplantation.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Sonographic diagnosis of aneurysm of the right portal vein.. AU - Fanney, D.. AU - Castillo, M.. AU - Montalvo, B.. AU - Casillas, J.. PY - 1987/10. Y1 - 1987/10. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0023432118&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0023432118&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.7863/jum.1987.6.10.605. DO - 10.7863/jum.1987.6.10.605. M3 - Article. C2 - 3316693. AN - SCOPUS:0023432118. VL - 6. SP - 605. EP - 607. JO - Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. JF - Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. SN - 0278-4297. IS - 10. ER - ...

The current study demonstrated that the RAM scoring system was significantly better than MELD score in terms of predicting early mortality and early recurrence after liver resection for HCC. Although RAM and ALBI scores seemed to be comparable to each other, we believe the RAM scoring system is superior to ALBI score for several reasons. First, the RAM score had a higher AUC when predicting both early mortality and early recurrence. Second, while ALBI grade III failed to predict early mortality, RAM class II/III was proved to be independently associated with early mortality. Third, unlike ascites and encephalopathy included in Child-Pugh classification, the variables incorporated in RAM scoring system were all objectively determined and thus introduced less bias [21, 28, 30]. Lastly, the RAM scoring system incorporated patient, surgical, and tumor factors into considerations, rendering RAM score superior to other major scoring systems.. For patient factors, diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk ...

treatment of liver cancer in Israel is based on the stage of cancer process, the general health of the patient and his individual peculiarities.. There are 3 categories of disease: localized resectable cancer is localized unresectable cancer and common form of liver cancer.. for localized resectable liver cancer early on and the rest of the body healthy operation is performed - partial liver resection.An important factor influencing the outcome, appears the size of the tumor and its location in relation to the blood vessels.. Localized unresectable liver cancer called tumors that do not metastasize, but because of a significant size can not be safely removed.This group also includes cancers that are in remote areas to remove several tumors or cancer in patients with unhealthy liver.In the treatment of liver cancer in Israel embolization used (with or without radiation therapy or chemotherapy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or systemic drug administration via the hepatic artery.. innovative ...

Imaging helps avoid pitfalls and detect biliary, vascular, and gastric problems early in organ transplantation Imaging plays an increasingly important role in demonstrating the diverse range of complications in living donors after partial liver resection. To ensure the safety of donors, meticulous radiological surveillance is mandatory, especially during the early postoperative period, according to a Korean study presented at the 2007 Radiological Society of North America meeting held in Chicago.

In this era of effective chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases, the association between surgical margin status after resection of colorectal liver metastases and survival has become controversial. We show here that a negative margin remains an important determinant of survival and should be the primary goal of surgical therapy in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases. The impact of positive margins is most pronounced in patients with a suboptimal response to systemic therapy ...

There is a direct one-to-one correspondence between the rules of a (strictly) left regular grammar and those of a nondeterministic finite automaton, such that the grammar generates exactly the language the automaton accepts. Hence, the left regular grammars generate exactly all regular languages. The right regular grammars describe the reverses of all such languages, that is, exactly the regular languages as well.. Every strict right regular grammar is extended right regular, while every extended right regular grammar can be made strict by inserting new nonterminals, such that the result generates the same language; hence, extended right regular grammars generate the regular languages as well. Analogously, so do the extended left regular grammars.. If empty productions are disallowed, only all regular languages that do not include the empty string can be generated.. While regular grammars can only describe regular languages, the converse is not true: regular languages can also be described by ...