Out-of-pocket health expenditure (% of private expenditure on health) in Armenia was last measured at 93.86 in 2013, according to the World Bank. Out of pocket expenditure is any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services whose primary intent is to contribute to the restoration or enhancement of the health status of individuals or population groups. It is a part of private health expenditure.This page has the latest values, historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and news for Out-of-pocket health expenditure (% of private expenditure on health) in Armenia.

Health expenditure; total (% of GDP) in Kazakhstan was last measured at 4.26 in 2013, according to the World Bank. Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.This page has the latest values, historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and news for Health expenditure - total (% of GDP) in Kazakhstan.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Out-of-pocket expenditure for hypertension care: a population-based study in low-income urban Medellin, Colombia. AU - Londoño Agudelo, Esteban. AU - García Fariñas, Anaí. AU - Pérez Ospina, Viviana. AU - Taborda Pérez, Cecilia. AU - Villacrés Landeta, Tatiana. AU - Battaglioli, Tullia. AU - Gómez Arias, Rubén. AU - Van der Stuyft, Patrick. N1 - FTX. PY - 2020. Y1 - 2020. N2 - Background Hypertension requires life-long medical care, which may cause economic burden and even lead to catastrophic health expenditure. Objective To estimate the extent of out-of-pocket expenditure for hypertension care at a population level and its impact on households budgets in a low-income urban setting in Colombia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Santa Cruz, a commune in the city of Medellin. In 410 randomly selected households with a hypertensive adult, we estimated annual basic household expenditure and hypertension-attributable out-of-pocket expenditure. For ...

The bill directs the department to consult with the hospital provider fee oversight and advisory board on the development of the hospital expenditure report. The department may combine the hospital expenditure report with the advisory boards annual report on the hospital provider fee. The advisory board, using staff and analysis from the department, shall provide estimates for the payment-to-cost ratio and the cost-shift analysis portions of its report based on information provided to the department by hospitals.. The hospital expenditure report shall include, but not be limited to:. ...

National health expenditures, calendar years 1929-70 by Barbara S. Cooper; 1 edition; First published in 1972; Subjects: Cost of Medical care, Medical economics; Places: United States

Malta increased 15.6% of Healthcare Expenditure on Home Based Long Term Care (Health) by Household Out-Of-Pocket Payment in 2017, compared to the previous year.

Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (USD) in Pakistan was reported at 0.21944 in 2015, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Pakistan - Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (USD) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the |a href=https://data.worldbank.org/ target=blank>World Bank|/a> on September of 2020.

This paper tries to quantify the degree of intergenerational redistribution in Irish public expenditure. The development of a large public debt in the space of two decades, its rapid elimination and potential rise again in the next decades due to demographic changes is likely to result in an intergenerational transfer of resources. The paper utilises a database of public expenditure, together with the age incidence distribution of public expenditure to examine the generational net beneficiaries of public spending programs since the foundation of the state in 1921. Demographic and alternative economic scenarios are considered to estimate the lifetime net benefit from public expenditure. Finally the sustainability of current expenditure is examined through the creation of generational accounts ...

Most public health activities are aimed at preventing illness or improving the general health status of a nations population. What we spend on public health services is an investment in the nations health that will bear fruit, in terms of reduced expenditure on illness, over time.This publication, the second in a series that reports on public health expenditure in Australia, provides information about public health costs. It summarises estimates of expenditure from key health departments and agencies of the Commonwealth and each State and Territory Government and shows that, in 1999-00, Australian governments spent a total of $931 million on public health activities.The report examines expenditure by governments in nine core public health activity categories, showing which activities incur the most expenditure. For the first time, it also presents estimates of expenditure by local government and non-government organisations on activities with a public health focus.. ...

Health expenditure, total (% of GDP) in Cuba was reported at 177 % in 2014, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Cuba - Health expenditure, total (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the |a href=https://data.worldbank.org/ target=blank>World Bank|/a> on June of 2021.

Existing programs providing subsidised oral health care to older Australians are often inaccessible and unavailable.. Dental care is the second largest area of out-of-pocket health expenditure by Australians (19% of individuals recurrent health expenditure) after non-PBS medications. Australians pay 57% of the cost of dental care out of their own pockets, compared to 17.3% for all health services.. For many people on the Age Pension, especially those experiencing poverty, private health insurance is one of the essentials that must be dropped because they cannot afford the cost of living. This is particularly the case for people living on the Age Pension whilst renting. Only 16% of people over 65 who are renting have private health insurance coverage, compared to 46.8% of the general population.. ...

| The 401(h) Retiree Health Account, paired with your 401(a) Money Purchase Plan, helps you build assets for medical expenses on a tax-free basis.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Predicting expenditures for medicare beneficiaries with diabetes. T2 - A prospective cohort study from 1994 to 1996. AU - Krop, Julie S.. AU - Saudek, Christopher D.. AU - Weller, Wendy E.. AU - Powe, Neil R.. AU - Shaffer, Thomas. AU - Anderson, Gerard F.. PY - 1999/10/1. Y1 - 1999/10/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE: To describe health care expenditures and utilization patterns among older adults with diabetes and to examine factors associated with expenditures over a 3-year period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of health care expenditures and utilization by diabetic patients from a random nationwide sample of aged Medicare beneficiaries from 1994 to 1996. All services covered by the Medicare program were examined. Multivariate regression was used to assess the contribution of patient characteristics in 1994 on Part B, inpatient, and total expenditures in 1995 and 1996. RESULTS: Per capita expenditures for beneficiaries with diabetes (n = 169,613) were ...

The 2013 Kenya Household Health Expenditure and Utilisation Survey (2013 KHHEUS) represents the continued effort and commitment by the Ministry of Health (MoH) to ensure the availability of data on trends on health service utilisation and out-of-pocket spending. This report presents the findings of this survey, with a special focus on healthcare service use, out-of-pocket spending on health, factors that influence healthcare use and expenditure, and health insurance coverage. In addition, the report highlights the trends on healthcare utilisation and expenditure from 2003 to 2013.. ...

The ongoing Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) provides a continuous flow of information on the buying habits of American consumers and also furnishes data to support periodic revisions of the Consumer Price Index. The Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) consists of two separate components: (1) a quarterly Interview panel survey in which each consumer unit in the sample is interviewed every three months over a 15-month period, and (2) a Diary or record keeping survey completed by the sample consumer units for two consecutive one-week periods. The Interview survey was designed to collect data on major items of expense, household characteristics, and income. The expenditures covered by the survey are those which respondents can recall fairly accurately for three months or longer. In general, these expenditures include relatively large purchases, such as those for property, automobiles, and major appliances, or expenditures which occur on a fairly regular basis, such as rent, utilities, or insurance ...

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ivory Coast expanded 0.70 percent in the third quarter of 2020 over the same quarter of the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Ivory Coast averaged 5.14 percent from 1961 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 17.61 percent in the fourth quarter of 1964 and a record low of -10.96 percent in the fourth quarter of 1980. This page provides - Ivory Coast GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The aim of activity is to present movement of expenditures for social assistance in Serbia for the past few years, as well as their comparison with developed countries. Also, it should assess role of expenditures in mitigating economic disparities and poverty, with aim to prove that social expenditures are not unproductive category, but an investment for a better future. However, Serbia is below European average in terms of mitigation of poverty, yet there are clear efforts undertaken by the state to resolve issue of poverty and enhance living standard of the population. For that purpose, the state has introduced and is implementing various social assistance programmes, aiming at lowering both absolute and relative poverty levels.. ...

iv] This figure is based on calculations from the data used by Michael Lysaght, PhD, Professor and Director of the Center for Biomedical Engineering at Brown University, in publication of Lysaght M, Jaklenec A, Deweerd E: Great Expectations: Private Sector Activity in Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Therapeutics. Tissue Eng 14, 305. 2008. That data indicates that the average annual spending of companies categorized as commercial was $30 million. I then assumed that manufacturing represents 10% of annual expenditures based on the calculation that manufacturing represents between 8-15% of annual expenditures cited by Lysaght in the data. Annual expenditure for commercial-stage manufacturing does and will vary wildly depending on the type of product and the volume of production by as much, for example, as $1.5 million and $80 million for production of 20,000 products per year - the difference largely driven by the products being allogeneic versus autologous ...

The ongoing Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) provides detailed information on income and expenditures and also furnishes the Bureau of Labor Statistics with data needed to maintain and review the Consumer Price Index. The quarterly Interview Survey component of the CES was designed to gather data on major items of expense, household characteristics, and income. Expenditures examined in this survey are those which respondents could be expected to recall fairly accurately for three months or longer. Consumer units, which are roughly equivalent to households, are interviewed once per quarter for five consectutive quarters. The initial interview collects demographic and family characteristics data and an inventory of major durable goods for each consumer unit. Expenditures are collected in this interview using a one-month recall. They are used along with the inventory information to bound the expenditure responsed for subsequent interviews and to classify the unit for analysis. The bounding of ...

There is evidence that the economic crisis in Greece has substantially affected patients and health care services, with chronic patients forming a particularly vulnerable group. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and in what way the current economic environment has affected patients with selected chronic conditions. A cross sectional study was carried out with a sample size of 1200 patients suffering from hypertension, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following a large family income decrease (35.4%) in the last 3 years, chronic patients reported decreased spending for various expenditure categories in order to maintain their ability to finance their health care needs. Among the disease groups studied, statistically significant differences were found for self-rated heath (SRH), out-of pocket health expenditures, health services utilization and the perceived need for physician services. Although need for physician visits for issues related to the chronic condition

Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (annual growth as % of broad money) in Palestine was reported at 3.4224 % in 2019, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Palestine - Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (annual growth as % of broad money) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the |a href=https://data.worldbank.org/ target=blank>World Bank|/a> on September of 2021.

BMI View: Malaysias new patient-centric service of sending medicine by post is an innovative approach by the government to provide healthcare directly to consumers at their homes. The key concerns include the potential loss of pharmaceuticals during delivery. However, if carefully planned and executed, this programme could boost public expenditure on healthcare. Malaysia has introduced a new service of sending prescribed medicines by post. This service is catered to patients who need to consume pharmaceuticals on a continuous basis. This that registered patients do not have to wait at hospitals, clinics or pharmacies. Healthcare providers will also be able to give more attention to patients who require more immediate medical care. This is important considering that there is a chronic shortage of doctors in Malaysia. According to the deputy health minister in Malaysia, the doctor-patient ratio was 1:940 in 2009, lower than the 1:600 standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO).. The idea ...

Yesterday, researchers from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reported that U.S. health spending reached $2.5 trillion in 2009, and that health cares share of the economy grew 1.1 percentage points to 17.3 percent-the largest one-year increase since the federal government began keeping track in 1960. In a written statement, Commonwealth Fund president Karen Davis said that these findings underscore the need for comprehensive health care reform that will help rein in the unsustainable spending growth that is placing an increasing burden on American families, businesses, and state and local governments ...

Initial modality choice (peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis) and subsequent modality switches had significant implications for Medicare expenditure on ESRD treatments.

45 The most recent published consolidated expenditure on dental is sourced from the AIHW. The most recent publication in October 2011 relates to 2009-10 expenditure.. Public consolidated expenditure on dental services is sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). The most recent publication in October 2011 relates to 2009-10 expenditure. In 2009-10, total expenditure on dental services in Australia was $7.690 billion. Of this, $4.698 billion was funded by individuals; $1.257 billion by the Commonwealth Government; $1.076 billion by private health insurance funds (which would be funded through the premiums of members); and $628 million by State and Territory Governments. Overall, individuals directly fund a significant proportion (61 per cent) of total expenditure, reflecting the structural nature of the dental system in which the vast majority of practising dentists and services are in the private sector. In terms of public sector financing, the Commonwealth is the ...

More information in national current research information system (CRIStin). International publications in peer reviewed journals:. Miljeteig I, Defaye F, Desalegn D, Danis M. Clinical ethics dilemmas in a low-income setting - a national survey among physicians in Ethiopia. BMC Med Ethics. 2019. Miljeteig I, Defaye FB, Wakim P, Desalegn DN, Berhane Y, Norheim OF, Danis M. Financial risk protection at the bedside: How Ethiopian physicians try to minimize out-of-pocket health expenditures. PLoS One. 2019. McLean E, Desalegn DN, Blystad A, Miljeteig I. When the law makes doors slightly open: ethical dilemmas among abortion service providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Med Ethics. 2019. Defaye FB, Danis M, Wakim P, Berhane Y, Norheim OF and Miljeteig I. Bedside rationing under resource contstraints - A national survey of Ethiopian physicians´ use of criteria for priority setting. American Journal of Bioethics - Empirical Bioethics. 2018. Onarheim KH, Melberg A, Meier BM, Miljeteig I. Towards ...

The Philippine Health Care Delivery System and Health Expenditure: 10.4018/978-1-4666-7484-4.ch016: Health is recognized by the Philippine constitution as a basic human right. The Philippines, compared to most Asian countries, produces more and better human

As our market access focus continues, Tara Prasad highlights the importance of global initiatives to help patients in the least developing countries gain access to medicine and discusses the role pharma plays in making this happen.. Driven by rapid growth and the demands of an expanding middle class, emerging economies that were previously characterized by low public expenditure on health and weak healthcare systems are now going through immense health reforms.. To give some notable examples, three of the largest emerging economies, Brazil, China and India, have put in place reforms with the objective of providing universal healthcare coverage. Meanwhile, Ghana has instituted a national health insurance system, which covers most of its population.. Spending on medicine in emerging markets is projected to nearly double by 2016, and developing countries are expected to significantly outstrip healthcare spending growth rates of developed countries. But while there are incentives to enter these ...

Downloadable! Background Pharmaceutical expenditure growth is a familiar feature in many Western health systems and is a real concern for policymakers. A state funded General Medical Services (GMS) scheme in Ireland experienced an increase in prescription expenditure of 414 % between 1998 and 2012. This paper seeks to explore the rationale for this growth by investigating the composition (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Group level 1 & 5) and drivers of GMS drug expenditure in Ireland in 2012. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on the Health Service Executive-Primary Care Reimbursement Service (HSE-PCRS) population prescribing database (n = 1,630,775). Three models were applied to test the association between annual expenditure per claimant whilst controlling for age, sex, region, and the pharmacology of the drugs as represented by the main ATC groups. Results The mean annual cost per claimant was €751 (median = €211; SD = €1323.10; range = €3.27-€298,670). Age, sex, and

Alcohol expenditures can provide a different perspective on alcohol use by providing an understanding of the consumer demand for alcohol, the effect of alcohol sales on the economy and the impact on the household budget. Previous studies have focused on alcohol expenditure at the individual-level and have not considered population level factors or the influences of geographical variation. The goal of this study was to examine the socio-economic and built-environment characteristics associated with alcohol expenditures at the small-area level in the City of Toronto. Alcohol expenditure data consisting of purchases in licensed premises and purchases in stores for the year 2010 were retrieved from the Survey of Household Spending (SHS) at the Dissemination Area (DA) level. Socio-economic and built-environment variables were retrieved from the 2006 Census of Canada and DMTI Enhanced Points of Interest (EPOI) data, respectively. Multivariate spatial regression models were used to analyze the ...

Data & statistics on Idaho Projected State Health Expenditures by Program Type: Marine Traffic Forecast - Fully Assembled Automobiles (1,000 short tons), Relative Size of Snake River Barge Volumes Snake River as a Share of Columbia River...

Nonresponse is a common problem in household surveys, particularly for questions regarding income. Nonresponse means that the respondent either does not know, or refuses to provide, the information requested. Prior to publication of the 2004 tables, the Consumer Expenditure Surveys handled nonresponse to income questions by publishing income data for complete income reporters only. To be classified as a complete income reporter, the respondent had to provide a value for at least one major source of income for the consumer unit. However, not all complete reporters provided a full accounting of income for all sources for which receipt was reported.. Starting in 2004, the Consumer Expenditure Surveys introduced multiple imputation to fill in the blanks resulting from nonresponse to income questions. In this method several estimates are made each time the respondent reports the receipt of, but no value for, a particular source of income. The estimates are made based on characteristics of the ...

U.S. health care spending increased to $3.3 trillion in 2016, with out-of-pocket health care costs borne directly by consumers rising 3.9 percent - the fastest rate of growth since 2007.

Noncommercial use of original content on www.aha.org is granted to AHA Institutional Members, their employees and State, Regional and Metro Hospital Associations unless otherwise indicated. AHA does not claim ownership of any content, including content incorporated by permission into AHA produced materials, created by any third party and cannot grant permission to use, distribute or otherwise reproduce such third party content. To request permission to reproduce AHA content, please click here.. ...

Our results demonstrate that there is a significant potential to improve the financial protection of rural Guangxi population through the expansion of NCMS from 2009 to 2013. In these five years, NCMS has raised its premium from 100 RMB to 340 RMB per person, and broaden its reimbursement scope both in inpatient and outpatient services. The dropping down of catastrophic health payments headcounts and the share of OOP in total payment provides evidence to the effectiveness of financial risk pooling intervention by NCMS, and this approach indeed help reduced the financial barriers to health care services.. The healthcare financing systems in Luchuan and Rongxian counties were found to be regressive. It was likely that the regressive nature of social insurance payments was the chief contributor to this since, even though all of the payments were disproportional, the absolute values of the Kakwani index for social insurance were bigger than for other payments (Table 1). The uneven distribution of ...

We show how Danish administrative register data can be combined with survey data at the individual level and used to validate information collected in the survey. Two examples illustrate the potential of combining survey and register data. First, expenditure survey records with information about total expenditure are merged with income tax records with information about income and wealth, which is used to impute total expenditure, then compared to the survey measure. Results suggest the two measures match each other well on average. Second, we compare responses to a one‐shot recall question about total gross personal income collected in another survey with tax records. Tax records hold detailed information about different types of income, which makes it possible to test whether response errors are related to the reporting of particular types of income. Results show bias in the mean, that the survey error has substantial variance, and that the errors are correlated with conventional covariates, ...

Hearings Before the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor, House of Representatives on House Resolution No. 73 to Investigate the Fur-seal Industry of Alaska, Issue 14 ...

MANAGEMENT CONTROL - The clinical risk management. A case study ( The continuous increase in healthcare costs as regards GDP and the public expenditure reflects, on the one side, the growth of health demand due to the change in the global epidemiological landscape and, on the other side, a progressive rise in health costs, significantly influencing the sustainability of the world health system. The legislative measures adopted by many countries, primarily aiming at containing the public expenditure, have drawn the attention of academics and practitioners. The interest is focused on risk management because nowadays this process is considered necessary in healthcare public companies. The reason is that it allows, on the one hand, to reduce waste and, consequently, costs, and, on the other hand, to improve the results and the assistance quality offered. In this context, the aim of the study is twofold: i) to examine the clinical risk management in healthcare organizations; ii) to verify, through a case

For release: 10:00 a.m. (EDT), Wednesday, March 27, 2013 USDL-13-0541 Technical Information: (202) 691-6900 [email protected] www.bls.gov/cex Media Contact : (202) 691-5902 [email protected] CONSUMER EXPENDITURES MIDYEAR UPDATE -- JULY 2011 THROUGH JUNE 2012 AVERAGE Average expenditures per consumer unit(1) for July 2011 through June 2012 were 1.9 percent higher than the 2011 annual average, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This gradual rise in spending continued the increase reported for all of 2011. All major components of household spending except apparel increased over the 12 months ending in June 2012 compared to the 2011 annual average, as shown in table A. The 6.3-percent rise in cash contributions (including payments for support of college students, alimony and child support, and giving to charities and religious organizations) was the largest percentage increase among all major components. This was followed by a 4.6-percent increase in health care spending. Other ...

Tel: (01) 727 7102. Email me. MARY LOU is Leader of Sinn Féin and Teachta Dála for the Dublin Central constituency. Mary Lou is married to Martin and they have two young children, Iseult and Gerard. She is proud to represent the people of Dublin Central where she has a reputation for hard work and championing the needs of her constituency both locally and nationally.. Prior to becoming Leader of Sinn Féin in February 2018 Mary Lou was Deputy Leader of the party. Following her election to the Dáil in 2011 Mary Lou was Sinn Féins Spokesperson for Public Expenditure and Reform and on her re-election in 2016 Sinn Féins All-Ireland Spokesperson for Mental Health and Suicide Prevention. She was a prominent member of the Public Accounts Committee between 2011 and 2017 holding Ministers and senior civil servants to account. She has also served on the Joint Oireachtas Committees for Public Expenditure and Reform and the Future of Mental Health.. She was an MEP for Dublin from 2004 to 2009 and ...

Tel: (01) 727 7102. Email me. MARY LOU is Leader of Sinn Féin and Teachta Dála for the Dublin Central constituency. Mary Lou is married to Martin and they have two young children, Iseult and Gerard. She is proud to represent the people of Dublin Central where she has a reputation for hard work and championing the needs of her constituency both locally and nationally.. Prior to becoming Leader of Sinn Féin in February 2018 Mary Lou was Deputy Leader of the party. Following her election to the Dáil in 2011 Mary Lou was Sinn Féins Spokesperson for Public Expenditure and Reform and on her re-election in 2016 Sinn Féins All-Ireland Spokesperson for Mental Health and Suicide Prevention. She was a prominent member of the Public Accounts Committee between 2011 and 2017 holding Ministers and senior civil servants to account. She has also served on the Joint Oireachtas Committees for Public Expenditure and Reform and the Future of Mental Health.. She was an MEP for Dublin from 2004 to 2009 and ...

To quantify extent of catastrophic household health expenditures, determine factors influencing it and estimate Fairness in Financial Contribution (FFC) index in Georgia to establish the baseline for expected reforms and contribute to the design and fine-tuning of the major reforms in health care financing initiated by the government mid-2007. The research is based on the nationally representative Health Care Utilization and Expenditure survey conducted during May-June 2007, prior to preparing for new phase of implementation for the health care financing reforms. Households catastrophic health expenditures were estimated according to the methodology proposed by WHO - Ke Xu [1]. A logistic regression (logit) model was used to predict probability of catastrophic health expenditure occurrence. In Georgia between 2000 and 2007 access to care for poor has improved slightly and the share of households facing catastrophic health expenditures have seemingly increased from 2.8% in 1999 to 11.7% in 2007. However

The extent of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment associated with depression in low-and middle-income countries is not known. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and intensity of catastrophic out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure, level of impoverishment and coping strategies used by households of persons with and without depression in a rural Ethiopian district. A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted, including 128 households of persons with depression and 129 households without. Depression screening was conducted using the Patient Health Questionnaire, nine item version (PHQ-9). People in the depression group were classified into high and low disability groups based on the median value on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) polytomous summary score. Health expenditure greater than thresholds of 10 and 25% of total household consumption was used for the primary analyses. The poverty headcount, poverty gap and normalized

TY - JOUR. T1 - Catastrophic health expenditure according to employment status in South Korea. T2 - A population-based panel study. AU - Choi, Jae Woo. AU - Kim, Tae Hyun. AU - Jang, Sung In. AU - Jang, Suk Yong. AU - Kim, Woo Rim. AU - Park, Eun Cheol. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited.. PY - 2016/7/1. Y1 - 2016/7/1. N2 - Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) means that the medical spending of a household exceeds a certain level of capacity to pay. Previous studies of CHE have focused on benefits supported by the public sector or high medical cost incurred by treating diseases in South Korea. This study examines variance of CHE in these households according to changes in employment status. We also determine whether a relationship exists according to income level. Design: A longitudinal study. Setting: We used the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) conducted by the Korea Institute. Participants: The data came from 5335 households during 2009-2012. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Catastrophic health expenditure and 12-month mortality associated with cancer in Southeast Asia: results from a longitudinal study in eight countries. AU - ACTION Study Group, the. AU - Kimman, M.. AU - Jan, S.. AU - Yip, C.H.. AU - Thabrany, H.. AU - Peters, S.A.. AU - Bhoo-Pathy, N.. AU - Woodward, M.. PY - 2015/8/18. Y1 - 2015/8/18. N2 - Background: One of the biggest obstacles to developing policies in cancer care in Southeast Asia is lack of reliable data on disease burden and economic consequences. In 2012, we instigated a study of new cancer patients in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region - the Asean CosTs In ONcology (ACTION) study - to assess the economic impact of cancer.Methods: The ACTION study is a prospective longitudinal study of 9,513 consecutively recruited adult patients with an initial diagnosis of cancer. Twelve months after diagnosis, we recorded death and household financial catastrophe (out-of-pocket medical costs exceeding 30 % of ...

In the context of low to moderate levels of physical activity and increased prevalence of childhood obesity, socio-economic variations in patterns of expenditure on active and screen recreation are of public health relevance. For the first time, comparative information is available on patterns of expenditure on active and screen recreation. In 2003-4 Australian households with dependent children spent about $14.58 per week on active recreation, which was about half of average expenditure on screen recreation.. Patterns of expenditure on active and screen recreation varied substantially by socio-economic factors. Increased household income was associated with increased odds of promoting active recreation and active recreation over screen recreation, and decreased odds of promoting screen recreation. This effect was independent of the effects of socio-economic status. Most simply, this suggests that the cost of active recreation is a limiting factor for some families in supporting active ...

Downloadable! Do health outcomes depend on relative income as well as on an individual?s absolute level of income? We use infant mortality as a health status indicator and ?nd a signi?cant and positive link between infant mortality and income inequality using cross-national data for 98 countries. Holding constant the income of each of the three poorest quintiles of a countrys population, we ?nd that an increase in the income of the upper 20% of the income distribution is associated with higher, not lower infant mortality. Our results imply that a one percentage point decrease in the income share of the richest quintile correlates with a decrease in infant mortality by nearly two percent. The surprisingly positive coe¢cient becomes insignificant when we control for public health care expenditure. Low public expenditure on health care seems to translate into limited access to health care for the poor.

The global economic crisis has been associated with increased unemployment and reduced public-sector expenditure on health care. In a study reported in The Lancet, Maruthappu et al found that the global economic crisis beginning in 2008 was also associated with a large excess in cancer mortality during 2008 to 2010.. Study Details. The study included data from the World Bank and the World Health Organization. Analysis of mortality data included breast cancer in women, prostate cancer in men, and colorectal cancer in men and women as treatable cancer and lung and pancreatic cancers as untreatable cancer. Multivariable regression analyses controlling for country-specific demographics and infrastructure with time-lag analyses were used to assess the relationship between unemployment, public-sector expenditure on health care, and cancer mortality with and without universal health coverage. Trend analysis was used to project mortality rates on the basis of trends before the unemployment increase ...

In delivering public prosecutions the CPS resources and expenditure are analysed between Administration Costs and Crown Prosecutions and Legal Services.. Administration represents the costs of running the Department and includes only those costs not attributed to front line services directly associated with the prosecution of criminal cases. Administration includes staff salaries, other staff related expenditure, accommodation and related costs for administrative staff based in CPS Headquarters. Costs are also incurred in relation to legal and other advice on the extension of PFI contracts, leadership training and the costs of dealing with staff grievances.. Crown Prosecutions and Legal Services cover the direct and indirect costs of taking cases to court. After the cost of front line staff salaries, most of the expenditure is associated with the costs of the more serious cases, which are heard in the Crown Court and comprise the costs of employing barristers as advocates, paying allowances and ...

The term health disparities refers to those differences in health status experienced by different demographic groups that occur in the context of social or economic inequality. Health disparities affect access to services and quality of care, which is reflected by the increase in the morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases.1. In countries where medical care for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not universal, treatment for this disease represents a devastating medical, social and economic problem for patients and their families; thus, the costs of treating this disease are considered as catastrophic health expenditures. A catastrophic health expenditure can be defined as one where the whole family spends more than 30% of their income to pay for the familys healthcare.2. In industrialised countries, CKD disproportionately affects socially disadvantaged groups, such as ethnic minorities and people with a low socioeconomic income.3 Multiple studies conducted in the United States and Canada ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Immunisation, communicable disease control top national public health expenditure page on the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare website

The mission of The Commonwealth Fund is to promote a high-performing health care system that achieves better access, improved quality, and greater efficiency, particularly for societys most vulnerable, including low-income people, the uninsured, minority Americans, young children, and elderly adults. ...

This paper investigates the validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) for 25 OECD countries by using a panel unit-root methodology. The procedure used here is to examine stationarity of real exchange rate. Using ADF unit-root test on single time-series, it is found that real exchange rate of all OECD countries have unit root. This outcome, however, might be due to the generally low power of this test. The aim of this paper is to reconsider this issue by exploiting the extra information provided by the combination of the time-series and cross-sectional data and the subsequent power advantages of panel data unit-root tests. We apply the test advocated by Im et al. [Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., 1997. Testing for unit roots in heterogenous panels. University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Economics]. According to estimation results real exchange rate in OECD countries are stationary and support long-run purchasing power parity. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...

It is clear that health financing-with the limited resources- has been a challenge that the government has expressed in all national documents. The government realizes the inability to provide free care to all, in particular with high population growth. The current health system has been unable to meet citizens needs of healthcare due to; low governmental expenditure on health, constant increase of private health care cost, inability of citizens to bear financial burden of illness and constraints on the public health sector such as the poor administrative efficiency.. The notion of health insurance in Yemen has been discussed for more than two decades now. Nevertheless, the law of health insurance scheme has been recently enacted upon. Therefore, what is behind the delay in the enactment of health insurance law despite the long existence of the idea and when would the law see the light?. Is it the current structure of the health system that is anticipated to change dramatically if the Social ...

The entire list of independent variables was used in the models involving the dependent variables of in-hone energy expenditures and in-home energy expenditures per capita. For the in-home energy expenditures per room per 1000 degree days, the number of rooms and the city variables were dropped from the list of independent variables.. For the car and truck fuel expenditures the house characteristics were, of course, not included as independent variables.. RESULTS. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the results of the testing of the regression models. Presented in these tables are all the significant variables in the models with the numerical values given for the estimates of the intercept terms and the total expenditures variable parameters. Also given are the adjusted R-squared values for the models.. TABLE 1. FACTORS EXPLAINING VARIANCE IN IN-HOME ENERGY EXPENDITURES OF URBAN CANADIAN HOUSEHOLDS, 1969-1982. In-Home Energy. In-home energy expenditure variances were well explained by the model elements . ...

Objectives. Elderly widows are three times as likely to live in poverty as older married people. This study investigates the gap in poverty, income, and wealth between these groups. Focus is placed on the role played by out-of-pocket medical expenditures spent on dying spouses. Methods. A national panel survey of people age 70 and older in 1993 was used. Income, poverty, wealth, and out-of-pocket expenditures were examined before and after widowhood, with comparisons made with couples not experiencing a death. Results. Forty-four percent of the difference in economic status between widow(er)s and married elderly persons was due to disparities in economic status that existed prior to widowhood. The remaining 56 was due to factors more directly related to the death of a spouse, including the loss of income and expenses associated with dying. On average, out-of-pocket medical expenditures in the final 2 years of life were equal to 30 of the couples annual income. For couples in the bottom quarter ...

With a population of just over 10.7 million in 2015, Finland ranks 83rd in the world by population and 27th by total area. There are 38 official languages of Bolivia, but the main 5 are Spanish (first language of nearly half the population), Paraguayan Guarani, Aymara, Chiquitano, and Puquina. The currency is the boliviano.. Bolivia ranks 126th in world health ranking per WHO. In 2014, the total expenditure on health per person was $427, which is 6.3% of the GDP. Bolivian males have a life expectancy at birth of 68 years, and females can expect to live 73 years. There are .47 physicians per 1,000 people in Bolivia as compared with 2.56 physicians per 1,000 people in the United States. ...

In this issue of Arthritis Care & Research, Wolfe and Michaud present an extensive analysis of the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and discuss the financial burden imposed by those expenses (1). Since the amount of out-of-pocket expenses faced by patients is the direct consequence of their health insurance status and coverage type, one needs to first understand the role of health insurance, how it works, and how a patients ability to choose their desired type of insurance coverage is based on their income and risk preferences, as well as their subjective perceptions of financial burden when faced with illness-related treatment costs.. On a day-to-day basis, healthy individuals do not require any health services. However, illness can strike at any time and depending on severity, the associated health expenditures can be high or low. The resulting uncertainty due to the stochastic nature of health care needs, coupled with the fact that individuals with ...

The study found that private insurance spends about 5 percent on behavioral health treatment. Spending on behavioral health treatment (mental health and substance abuse) comprised 4.8 percent of private health insurance expenditures in 2005 and grew by 7 percent from 2004 to 2005. This estimate provides an important baseline for evaluating the impact of the Mental Health Parity and Addictions Equity Act and Affordable Care Act. In contrast, Medicaid behavioral health was responsible for 11.5 percent of total spending by Medicaid. Thus the study indicates that the level of public spending on behavioral health issues may be related to lack of private insurance benefit for many with mental health needs and that these problems may be addressed with parity ...

Looking for Medical Expense Insurance? Find out information about Medical Expense Insurance. prepayment plan providing services or cash indemnities for medical care needed in times of illness or disability. It is effected by voluntary plans, either... Explanation of Medical Expense Insurance

Individual consumption of households is calculated in accordance with the so-called national plan, i.e. includes consumption of residents abroad and excludes the use of non-residents. Since 1997, household consumption expenditures are estimated classification SOISOR - An international classification of consumer spending used in the SNA 2008 and ESA 2010. Household consumption expenditures are presented in 12 major sections.. Final consumption expenditure of government for Individual household for services provided include free services in health, social security, education, sport, culture and art. They are measured by the gross output of these activities, less the fees paid (if any) included in intermediate consumption of other sectors or in final consumption expenditure of households.. Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs is measured by the production of this institutional sector. This is the cost of union, religious, charitable and other non-profit organizations to provide goods and ...

Government Growth in the French Empire-State, 1890-1960 (with special reference to Indochina, Algeria and Chad). Our current understanding of the history and development of states is based on a conceptual definition which excludes empires. The focus is on nation-states, rather than empire-states. This narrow world-view extends to the empirical literature concerned with measuring and tracking trends in states. While many studies examine public expenditure and employment patterns in liberal democratic states, few track trends in regimes before they became states. A consequent problem concerns perceptions of growth patterns of West European states, many of which historically maintained overseas empires.. This study appraises French government growth patterns at an overall or empire-state level. It examines institutional arrangements and analyses public expenditure and employment data relating to France and three former French dependencies (Indochina, Algeria and Chad) from 1890 to 1960. The project ...

Summary:. This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.. ...

by Ross Eisenbrey When the Clinton administration tackled health care reform in 1993, Canadas national health care system-which operates without a private insurance industry-was held up as a model by progressives and a disaster by conservatives. The United States rejected any positive lessons from the Canadian single-payer model in 1993, and we are living with the results of that decision today. As the chart below reveals, the cost gap between the United States and Canada has only widened since 1993, and per capita health care expenditures in the United States are now almost double those in Canada ($6,401 vs. $3,359). Canadas per capita health expenditures rose about 65% from 1993 to 2005, while costs in the United States rose by over 90%. ...

on European Semester for economic policy coordination: Employment and Social Aspects in the Annual Growth Survey 2015. (2014/2222(INI)). The European Parliament,. - having regard to Article 9 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU),. - having regard to Articles 145, 148, 152 and 153(5) TFEU,. - having regard to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, in particular to its Title IV (Solidarity),. - having regard to Article 349 TFEU concerning specific measures for the Outermost Regions,. - having regard to the revised European Social Charter, in particular its Article 30 on the right to protection against poverty and social exclusion,. - having regard to its resolution of 25 February 2014 on the European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social aspects(1),. - having regard to its resolution of 22 October 2014 on the European Semester for economic policy coordination: implementation of 2014 priorities(2),. - having regard to the Commission ...

Chart and table showing annual growth rate of natural gas liquids imports for South Africa. Data obtained from the US Energy Information Administration.

Chart and table showing annual growth rate of liquefied petroleum gases exports for Réunion. Data obtained from the US Energy Information Administration.

Overall, all-cancer mortality (R = .3745, P = .0001) and treatable cancer mortality were significantly associated with unemployment (R = .1256, P = .0265), whereas untreatable cancer mortality was not (R = .0820, P = .1919). Lag analysis indicated that the associations of mortality with unemployment were maintained for 5 years after unemployment increases for breast cancer in women, colorectal cancer in women, lung cancer in men, and overall cancer mortality.. Effect of Universal Health Coverage. Countries with universal health coverage were defined as those with legislation mandating universal health coverage, , 90% health-care coverage, and , 90% skilled birth attendance. In analysis adjusting for universal health coverage status, no significant associations were found between cancer mortality and unemployment within the first year of an increase in unemployment for any of the six subtypes, all cancers, or treatable or untreatable cancers.. Association With Public-Sector Expenditure on Health ...

Health care spending has risen steadily in most countries, becoming a concern for decision-makers worldwide. Commentators often point to new medical technology as the key driver for burgeoning expenditures. This paper critically appraises this conjecture, based on an analysis of the existing literature, with the aim of offering a more detailed and considered analysis of this relationship. Several databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Various categories of studies (eg, multivariate and cost-effectiveness analyses) were included to cover different perspectives, methodological approaches, and issues regarding the link between medical technology and costs. Selected articles were reviewed and relevant information was extracted into a standardized template and analyzed for key cross-cutting themes, ie, impact of technology on costs, factors influencing this relationship, and methodological challenges in measuring such linkages. A total of 86 studies were reviewed. The analysis ...

First and foremost, India needs to give priority to and begin investing in health. For decades, governmental expenditure on health has been one of the lowest in the world at 1.4% of the GDP (but even lower in the previous years).4 While the 2017 Union Budget has allocated additional funding for health, the allocation will substantially fall short of the 2.5% of the GDP that has been considered a realistic goal in the draft National Health Policy 2015.5. The budget for Indias Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP) also needs to see an increase. Despite being a highly cost-effective programme, RNTCP has struggled to receive funding that is commensurate with the scale of Indias epidemic.6 There was anticipation of a tripling of the budget for the period 2012-2017, but this did not happen.. In February 2017, the RNTCP published a draft of a new National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB Elimination 2017-2025.7 It is expected that the cost of implementing the new NSP will be nearly US$2.5 billion, a ...

GAO discussed problems with current long-term care programs, and principles to guide reform efforts. GAO noted that: (1) demand for long-term care for chronically disabled persons is increasing among all age groups, not just the elderly, and is expected to continue to increase; (2) 1993 federal and state Medicaid expenditures for long-term care totalled $42 billion, and Medicaid expenditures for nursing homes are increasing; (3) about 70 percent of money spent on long-term care goes to institutional care; (4) long-term care programs are generally designed to meet acute health care needs, even though less intensive services might be appropriate, and are not generally tailored to meet individuals needs; (5) institutional care is the only option available for many persons, since Medicaid limits benefits for home- and community-based care; (6) the service delivery system is complicated and compounds the difficulties disabled persons face; and (7) efforts to reform the long-term care system should focus on

Obamas parting gift to this country is a transformed society with $20 trillion in debt. The big question is what will Republicans do differently to curb the growth of the debt?. Given recent news about GOP plans on health care and infrastructure, there are no signs things will improve. Meanwhile, the Government Accountability Office has released a new fiscal health study, which portends disturbing trends for our fiscal stability.. The gross federal debt now stands at $19.94 trillion - roughly $9.3 trillion more than it was when Obama took office. It took from our nations founding until 2008 (including most of the profligate Bush presidency) to accrue the first $9.3 trillion in debt. The publics share of the debt is now $14.4 trillion, an $8.1 trillion increase since 2009.. Yes, Obama more than doubled the public share of the debt during his presidency!. ...

Cost per procedure using the telespirometry method was €47.70 (end of 2010) and €47.80 (end of 2013), compared with €37.90 (2010) and €39.70 (2013), respectively, for the standard method (Table 2). The cost of LFT using telespirometry was thus 20% more expensive in 2010 and 17% more expensive in 2013.. The total cost of telespirometries performed in 2010-2013 was the product of the number of spirometries performed (9039) multiplied by the cost of each spirometry (€47.70), giving a total cost of €431974, compared to €358306 if the spirometries were performed using the standard procedure. If we break down this data in terms of quality, we find that the total expenditure for poor quality LFTs with telespirometry is €69104 compared to €139731 with the standard procedure (Table 4).. Impact on Health Expenditure. Performing LFTs with the telespirometry procedure, instead of the standard procedure, increased health spending by €18504 in 2010 and €73668 in 2013 (the difference ...

Because of these multiple chronic conditions, the older population utilizes a large proportion of the health care services. The mean per capita Medicare expenditure during 1999 was $5,015 (Wolff et al., 2002). As chronic conditions increase, so do Medicare expenditures, from $211 per individual with no chronic conditions to $13,973 among individuals with four or more chronic conditions. Similarly, inpatient hospital utilization rose with the number and types of chronic conditions. Those with one chronic condition were 7.5 times as likely to incur an inpatient admission compared to those with no chronic conditions. Patients with four or more chronic conditions were 99 times as likely to be hospitalized (Wolff et al.). Nearly two thirds of the Medicare beneficiary population has three or more chronic conditions (Wolff et al., 2002). The interaction of multiple disease states coupled with the psychosocial needs frequently present in this population makes the assessment, planning, and delivery of ...

We begin with Hillary Clintons criticism of the Sanders and Warren Medicare for All proposals which she said without naming the authors, that their healthcare reform and a tax on the assets of the very wealthy were unworkable and politically impractical. The former chief corporate spokesman for CIGNA and head of corporate communications at Humana, Wendell Potter, who is now a senior analyst on healthcare at the Center for Public Integrity and the founder of Tarbell.org, joins us to discuss the $20.5 trillion price tag in new government revenues necessary to finance Elizabeth Warrens Medicare for All plan. With the Urban Institute estimating the ten-year figure for total healthcare expenditures in America at $59 trillion, we will examine the tradeoff between the savings gained from the $11 trillion currently paid by individuals in insurance premiums and deductibles which presumably would go back into Americans pockets under a single-payer model, with the new revenues required under Medicare ...

The United States has now gone a record 10 straight years without 3 percent growth in real Gross Domestic Product, according to data released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.. The BEA has calculated GDP for each year going back to 1929 and it has calculated the inflation-adjusted annual change in GDP (in constant 2009 dollars) from 1930 forward.. In the 85 years for which BEA has calculated the annual change in real GDP there is only one ten-year stretch-2006 through 2015-when the annual growth in real GDP never hit 3 percent. During the last ten years, real annual growth in GDP peaked in 2006 at 2.7 percent. It has never been that high again, according to the BEA.. The last recession ended in June 2009, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. In the six full calendar years since then (2010-2015), real annual GDP growth has never exceeded the 2.5 percent it hit in 2010.. The average growth rate for economic recoveries since the 1960s is 3.9 percent ranking the Obama recovery, ...

This revenue and expenditure credibility analysis is designed to provide Sierra Leoneans, the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL), development partners and other stakeholders with a full picture of revenue and expenditure in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Various Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment reports (2010, 2014, and 2018) have highlighted the challenges in implementing a credible budget in Sierra Leone. The aim is to highlight performance against the budget at the total and sector level, to draw out some of the reasons behind this, and identify the impacts on public service delivery. The assessment will assist government in addressing some of the challenges that are adversely affecting budget credibility. It will also provide a basis for dialogue between civil society, Parliament, development partners and the GoSL regarding its public financial management reform strategy (2018 - 2021) and delivery of the National Development Plan ...

Ang, J., 2009. Household Saving Behaviour in an Extended Lifecycle Model: A Comparative Study of China and India. Journal of Development Studies, 45(8), 1344-1359. Bacchetta, P., Benhima, K., Kalantzis, Y., 2012. Capital controls with international reserve accumulation: Can this be optimal? CEPR Discussion Paper 8753, Center for Economic Policy Research. Baldacci, E., G. Callegari, D. Coady, D. Ding, M. Kumar, P. Tommasino, and J. Woo, 2010. Public Expenditures on Social Programs and Consumption in China. IMF Working Paper WP/10/69. Banerjee, A., X. Meng and N. Qian, 2010. The Lifecycle Model and Household Savings: Micro Evidence from Urban China. Unpublished Manuscript, Peking University. Barnett, S. and R. Brooks, 2010. China: Does Government Education and Health Spending Boost Consumption? IMF Working Paper WP/10/16. Bernanke, B., 2005. The Global Saving Glut and the US Current Account Deficit. Remarks at the Homer Jones Lecture, St Louis, 14 April 2005. Bernanke, B., 2005. The Chinese ...

Chapter 11 EQUITY IN THE USE OF PHYSICIAN VISITS IN OECD COUNTRIES: HAS EQUAL TREATMENT FOR EQUAL NEED BEEN ACHIEVED? by Eddy van Doorslaer *, Xander Koolman * and Frank Puffer ** Abstract This paper uses

Using a general equilibrium heterogeneous agent model featuring health production, we quantify the relative contribution of price distortions in the health market, TFP and other health risks in explaining cross-country differences in health expenditure (as a share of GDP) and health status. Estimated parameters reveal a substantial price wedge that explains at most 20% of the difference in health spending (as a share of GDP) and 30% of the difference in health status between Europe and the U.S. We estimate a one percentage point negative impact on the life-time cost-of-living of Americans from higher prices due to inefficiencies. ...