Specific growth rate in static culture - Coccolithophore Emiliania huxl - BNID 113027

Roy Bartal, Bingyan Shi, William P. Cochlan & Edward J. Carpenter, A model system elucidating calcification functions in the prymnesiophyte Emiliania huxleyi reveals dependence of nitrate acquisition on coccoliths, Limnol. Oceanogr. 60, 2015, 149-158 doi: 10.1002/lno.10015 link p.153 table 4 ...

A coccolithophore concept for constraining the Cenozoic carbon cycle - Semantic Scholar

An urgent question for future climate, in light of increased burning of fossil fuels, is the temperature sensitivity of the climate system to atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2). To date, no direct proxy for past levels of pCO2 exists beyond the reach of the polar ice core records. We propose a new methodology for placing a constraint on pCO2 over the Cenozoic based on the physiological plasticity of extant coccolithophores. Specifically, our premise is that the contrasting calcification tolerance1 of various extant species of coccolithophore to raised pCO2 reflects an

Observations on the life cycle and ecology of Acanthoica quattrospina Lohmann from a Mediterranean estuary

Coccolithophores are biogeochemically important marine algae that interact with the carbon cycle through photosynthesis (CO2 sink), calcification (CO2 source) and burial of carbon into oceanic sediments. The group is considered susceptible to the ongoing climate perturbations, in particular to ocean acidification, temperature increase and nutrient limitation. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the adaptation of coccolithophores to environmental change, with the focus on temperature stress and nutrient limitation. The research was conducted in frame of three approaches: experiments testing the physiological response of coccolithophore species Helicosphaera carteri and Coccolithus pelagicus to phosphorus limitation, field studies on coccolithophore life-cycles with a method comparison and an investigation of the phenotypic evolution of the coccolithophore genus Helicosphaera over the past 15 Ma. Experimental results show that the physiology and morphology of large coccolithophores are ...

Most recent papers with the keyword URI | Read by QxMD

The cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a unicellular eukaryotic alga that forms vast blooms in the oceans impacting large biogeochemical cycles. These blooms are often terminated due to infection by the large dsDNA virus, E. huxleyi virus (EhV). It was recently established that EhV-induced modulation of E. huxleyi metabolism is a key factor for optimal viral infection cycle. Despite the huge ecological importance of this host-virus interaction, the ability to assess its spatial and temporal dynamics and its possible impact on nutrient fluxes is limited by current approaches that focus on quantification of viral abundance and biodiversity ...

Dynamics of polysaccharides and transparent exopolymer particles during a coccolithophore bloom in the Bay of Biscay - ePIC

Händel, N. , Piontek, J. , Harlay, J. , de Bodt, C. , Chou, L. and Engel, A. (2009): Dynamics of polysaccharides and transparent exopolymer particles during a coccolithophore bloom in the Bay of Biscay , ASLO, Aquatic Sciences Meeting 2009, Nice ...

Calcareous phytoplankton plates, SEM - Stock Image Z100/0225 - Science Photo Library

Calcareous phytoplankton plates. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of parts of the skeleton (coccosphere) of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, a small marine algal organism. The coccosphere consists of plates (coccoliths) of calcium carbonate. These skeletons can make up the major component of limestone rocks, such as the chalk of southern England. E. huxleyi is found in marine environments worldwide. - Stock Image Z100/0225

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Coccolithophores | Science and Public Policy

Coccolithophores are single-celled algae and protists that are found throughout the surface euphotic zones of the worlds oceans. They contain chlorophyll, conduct photosynthesis and possess special plates or scales known as coccoliths, which they create via the process of calcification. This summary briefly reviews the results of several studies investigating how coccolithophores may be affected by ocean acidification in a CO2-enriched world of the future. As indicated below, the findings of these several works challenge the alarmist view of ocean acidification espoused by the IPCC and others. Instead of experiencing great harm in response to future declines in oceanic pH predicted for the future, coccolithophores will likely adapt and possible even thrive under such changes. ...

Phenotypic evolution and adaptive strategies in marine phytoplankton (Coccolithophores)

Rising ocean temperatures will likely increase stratification of the water column and reduce nutrient input into the photic zone. This will increase the likelihood of nutrient limitation in marine microalgae, leading to changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities, which in turn will affect global biogeochemical cycles. Calcifying algae, such as coccolithophores, influence the carbon cycle by fixing CO2 into particulate organic carbon through photosynthesis (POC production) and into particulate inorganic carbon through calcification (PIC production). As calcification produces a net release of CO2, the ratio of PIC to POC production determines whether coccolithophores act as a source (high PIC / POC) or a sink (low PIC / POC) of atmospheric CO2. We studied the effect of phosphorus (P-) limitation and high temperature on the physiology and the PIC / POC ratio of two subspecies of Coccolithus pelagicus. This large and heavily calcified species is a major contributor to ...

Ion transport and pH homeostasis in coccolithophores [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Kerstin Suffrian - Suffrian -...

Ion transport and pH homeostasis in coccolithophores [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Kerstin Suffrian : Ion transport and pH homeostasis in coccolithophores +-x ≠ HCO3 -HCO3 +Na-Cl+?- V --mm ClCl++HH++ --ClCl- +K? N+K+- CV+- 2-COCO33++HH +++H Ch CACA CO22Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Kerstin Suffrian Kiel, 2010 PhoottoossyynthesisThere is no such thing as a problem. There

Climate change clues from tiny marine algae -- ancient ... ( Microscopic ocean algae called cocco...)

...Microscopic ocean algae called coccolithophores are providing clues ab...Coccolithophores a type of plankton are not only widespread in the m...The fate of coccolithophores under changing environmental conditions i...There are many different species of coccolithophore and in an article...,Climate,change,clues,from,tiny,marine,algae,--,ancient,and,modern,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

Studies on Architecture, Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Phaeocystis Colonies - ePIC

The Haptophyte Phaeocystis forms dense phytoplankton blooms in many nutrient-rhich ocean areas. In these blooms, Phaeocystis occurs almost exclusively as up to several mm large, spherical colonies, although it can also occur as ca. 6 µm small flagellates, which grow at least as fast as the cells within the colonies. Thus, the organisation within the colonies obviously protects the Phaeocystis cells efficiently against grazing or infection. As construction and properties of the Phaeocystis colony were so far insufficiently described, the mode of action of this protection was unknown. Therefore, structure, mechanical properties and permeabilities of Phaeocystis-colonies were studied in this thesis. Specific staining techniques revealed a concentration of polysaccharides and aminogroups at the periphery of the colonies. In contrast, lipids were not discerned in the extracellular colony material. Using the micropipette-aspiration technique, it was shown that the colonies possess a thin, yet ...

Single coccolith weight estimates using two birefringence methods on cultured Gephyrocapsa oceanica

The export of the calcitic platelets (coccoliths) of coccolithophores to the sea floor acts as a long-term sink of carbon. In order to understand the effects of current ocean acidification on coccolithophore calcification, it is important to estimate the amount of calcite that is bound in single coccoliths, which - due to their minuteness (1-10 μm) - cannot be individually weighed. To estimate single coccolith weights, this study takes advantage of the birefringence method (Beaufort, 2005), which links the interference color of calcite under polarized light with calcite thickness. Two similar techniques, one using crossed-polarized light (XPL) and one using circular polarized light (CPL), were tested to compare coccolith weight estimates of cultured single clones of Gephyrocapsa oceanica, which - in a previous study (Rickaby et al., 2010) - were grown in increasing concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) but constant pH-levels (~8.1) to reflect long-term buffering of the ocean. In ...

Haptophyte - Wikipedia

The best-known haptophytes are coccolithophores, which have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called coccoliths. Coccolithophores are some of the most abundant marine phytoplankton, especially in the open ocean, and are extremely abundant as microfossils. Other planktonic haptophytes of note include Chrysochromulina and Prymnesium, which periodically form toxic marine algal blooms, and Phaeocystis, blooms of which can produce unpleasant foam which often accumulates on beaches.[5]. Haptophytes are economically important, as species such as Pavlova lutheri and Isochrysis sp. are widely used in the aquaculture industry to feed oyster and shrimp larvae. They contain a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), stearidonic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.[6] Tisochrysis lutea contains betain lipids and phospholipids.[7]. ...

Bacterial Diversity Associated with the Coccolithophorid Algae Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus f. braarudii

BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in life sciences and medicine. The journal is divided into 55 subject-specific sections.

probeBase 2016 | An online resource for rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides

Photosynthetic pico- and nanoplankton dominate phytoplankton biomass and primary production in the oligotrophic open ocean. Species composition, community structure, and dynamics of the eukaryotic components of these size classes are poorly known primarily because of the difficulties associated with their preservation and identification. Molecular techniques utilizing 18S rRNA sequences offer a number of new and rapid means of identifying the picoplankton. From the available 18S rRNA sequence data for the algae, we designed new group-specific oligonucleotide probes for the division Chlorophyta, the division Haptophyta, and the class Pelagophyceae (division Heterokonta). Dot blot hybridization with polymerase chain reaction amplified target rDNA and whole-cell hybridization assays with fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate probe specificity. Hybridization results with representatives from seven algal classes supported the phylogenetic affinities of the cells. Such ...

Bibliographic Detail :: Algaebase

Cyanobacteria, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta by Xia Bangmei; Diatomeae (Bacillariophyta), Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta, Xanthophyta, Prymnesiophyta (Haptophyta) by Gao Yahui, Chen Changping, Sun Lin, Zhou Qianqian; Dinozoa by Luu Douding. ISBN: ISBN 978-7-03-023722-4.. PDF: ...

Cell cycle of Emiliania huxleyi and its effects on host: virus interactions

File version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or file ...

How Rising Ocean Acidity Could Send Us Into A Downward Spiral | Ocean Leadership

Our oceans are getting more acidic, and its having big effects on some very small animals-with worrying implications.. (From Forbes / by Sam Lemonick)- Ocean acidification, a result of excess carbon dioxide in our atmosphere, can disrupt plankton blooms, according to new research published in Nature Geosciences. Its a troubling finding, scientists say, because those blooms are helping mitigate some of the effects of carbon dioxide pollution.. The plankton in question are coccolithophores, single-celled organisms smaller than the pixels on your monitor that make their energy with photosynthesis. Coccolithophores are known for their scaly armor of round calcium carbonate plates, the stuff of sea shells. They produce about half of all the calcium carbonate in the oceans.. Calcium carbonate, as the name suggests, is part carbon. Animals like coccolithophores get that carbon by ingesting carbon dioxide, which dissolves from the atmosphere into seawater. Thats where ocean acidification enters the ...

Inter Research » MEPS » v246 » p61-71

ABSTRACT: Emiliania huxleyi is an important component of the global carbon and sulfur cycles and is known to be sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We investigated the influence of radiation intensity and of short-term exposure to UV radiation on the per-cell amount and intracellular concentration of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). E. huxleyi (strain L) was exposed to artificial radiation intensities similar to those at 15 m (700 µmol PAR [photosynthetically active radiation] m-2 s-1) and 25 m depth (400 µmol PAR m-2 s-1) in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Exposure to UV radiation led to a 10 to 25% increase in the per-cell amount of DMSP as compared to E. huxleyi exposed to only PAR, whereas photosynthetic activity (measured via oxygen production) of UV-exposed E. huxleyi was reduced by 18 to 22%. Furthermore, the intracellular DMSP concentration was always higher in PAR+UV-exposed E. huxleyi than in PAR-exposed E. huxleyi, despite the small but significant increase in cell volume of ...

Bacterial community during Phaeocystis antarctica blooms (Amundsen Sea polynya)

[Amplicon sequencing dataset of marine microbial Bacteria (16S su rRNA gene, v6) in the Amundsen Sea polynya, during Phaeocystis antarctica blooms]

Phaeocystis Pale Silk Chiffon Scarf - CRÙBAG

Experience Loch Creran - a breathtaking marine fjord on the stunning West Coast of the Highlands of Scotland. Wear the story of the ocean and feel the waves around your shoulders. Design Inspiration - The Phaeocystis scarves, from the Flora Collection, are translucent, airy and have a pure lightness resembling oceans

Physiological regulation of carbon fixation in the photosynthesis and calcification of coccolithophorids. - Semantic Scholar

Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica are the predominant coccolithophorid species that produce blooms in the ocean and affect the global environment. These species are capable of carbon fixation by both photosynthesis for organic matter production and by intracellular calcification for coccolith production. Both processes were strongly affected by the nutrient status in a laboratory culture. The coccolith production was stimulated by the addition of a high concentration of sodium bicarbonate and by the depletion of phosphate. Interestingly, when the calcification was stimulated, the increase in cell number during algal growth was greatly suppressed and then the cell volume increased. When the growth rate was increased under nutrient-sufficient conditions, the cells became very small in size and most of them bore few or no coccoliths. The data from laboratory experiments show that the cell growth and calcification proceeded apparently independently at different phases. We, therefore, assume that

Institutt for fiskeri- og marinbiologi - 1995

1 Annual Report 1994. Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen. - Institutt for fiskeri- og marinbiologi, UiB-MatNat 34 sider 1995. 2 Coccolithophorid dynamics: the European Emiliania huxleyi programme EHUX. Contract number: MASR-CT92-0038. - Progress report (24-months) Red. Harris, Roger. - Plymouth Marine Laboratory 119 s. 1995. 3 Graduate studies at the Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen. - Infromasjonsbrosjyre. - Institutt for fiskeri- og marinbiologi, UiB-MatNat 34 sider 1995. 4 Kartlegging av engnede marine verneomr der i Norge. Tilr ding fra r dgivende utvalg. - Utredning for DN Red. Brattegard, T.; Holthe, T. - Direktoratet for naturforvaltning, Trondheim 3: 179 s. 1995. 5 Kveite - fra forskning til n ring. (Halibut - from research to industry). Red. Pittman, K.; Kj rrefjord, G.; Berg, L.; Engelsen, R. - Kystn ringens forlag, B nes 244 sider 1995. ISBN 82-7595-011-2 6 Mass Rearing of Juvenile Fish. Red. Pittman, K. A.; Batty, R. S.; ...

New paper examines the role of the cytoskeleton in biomineralisation in haptophytes | Marine Biological Association

We have just published a new paper in Scientific Reports describing the role of the cytoskeleton in biomineralisation in haptophyte lgae. The results suggest that mechanisms for scale secretion may be common to both calcifcied coccolithophores and the silicifying haptophyte, Prymnesium neolepis. The work was performed by Grazyna Durak during her PhD studies at the MBA.. ...

Search Results | Academic Commons

Read, Betsy A.; Kegel, Jessica; Klute, Mary J.; Kuo, Alan; Lefebvre, Stephane C.; Maumus, Florian; Mayer, Christoph; Miller, John; Monier, Adam; Salamov, Asaf; Young, Jeremy; Aguilar, Maria; Claverie, Jean-Michel; Frickenhaus, Stephan; Gonzalez, Karina; Herman, Emily K.; Lin, Yao-Cheng; Napier, Johnathan; Ogata, Hiroyuki; Sarno, Analissa F.; Shmutz, Jeremy; Schroeder, Declan; de Vargas, Colomban; Verret, Frederic; von Dassow, Peter; Valentin, Klaus; Van de Peer, Yves; Wheeler, Glen; Dacks, Joel B.; Delwiche, Charles F.; Dyhrman, Sonya; Glöckner, Gernot; John, Uwe; Richards, Thomas; Worden, Alexandra Z.; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Emiliania huxleyi Annotation ...

Peer review

Thank you very much for your detailed responses to the referee comments. I agree with all your modification introduced in the revised manuscript, and I am happy to accept your revised iteration in principle. However, I would like you to expand a little bit on your assumption that fluxes of GDGT are enhanced in response to increased fluxes of carbonate, coccolithophores, and terrestrial biomarkers (RC - P8-12-15). I presume you are referring to a ballasting scenario? If so, please provide a reference or two to prior studies that would support this scenario ...

Help! chloroplast isolation

I have tried several routine protocols for the choroplast isolation and cpDNA extraction from a wall-less algal cell (Isochrysis). Unfortunately, none of them was successful. The EcoRI and BamHI disgestions did not turn up anything but only one band on 1% argarose gel. I was wondering if the homogenisation was too intense, because I could not find Yeda or French press at the moment. Can I use ultrasonication as an alternative for the cell repture ...

Alle MPIKG Open Access Publikationen | Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung

Sviben, S.; Gal, A.; Hood, M. A.; Bertinetti, L.; Politi, Y.; Bennet, M.; Krishnamoorthy, P.; Schertel, A.; Wirth, R.; Sorrentino, A. et al.; Pereiro, E.; Faivre, D.; Scheffel, A.: A vacuole-like compartment concentrates a disordered calcium phase in a key coccolithophorid alga. Nature Communications 7, 11228 (2016 ...

Revisiting Myosin Families Through Large-scale Sequence Searches Leads to the Discovery of New Myosins. | NCBS

Myosins are actin-based motor proteins involved in many cellular movements. It is interesting to study the evolutionary patterns and the functional attributes of various types of myosins. Computational search algorithms were performed to identify putative myosin members by phylogenetic analysis, sequence motifs, and coexisting domains. This study is aimed at understanding the distribution and the likely biological functions of myosins encoded in various taxa and available eukaryotic genomes. We report here a phylogenetic analysis of around 4,064 myosin motor domains, built entirely from complete or near-complete myosin repertoires incorporating many unclassified, uncharacterized sequences and new myosin classes, with emphasis on myosins from Fungi, Haptophyta, and other Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria (SAR). The identification of large classes of myosins in Oomycetes, Cellular slime molds, Choanoflagellates, Pelagophytes, Eustigmatophyceae, Fonticula, Eucoccidiorida, and Apicomplexans ...

Chromista - Wikipedie

Další analýzy (2007) přiřadily dovnitř chromist/chromalveolát i Rhizaria (ještě v r. 2005 považovaná za samostatnou superskupinu vedle chromalveolát), do příbuznosti skrytěnek a haptofytů se pak dnes řadí i Katablepharida, Telonemea, Centrohelida a Picobiliphyta.[8][9][10] Nepodařilo se však prokázat přirozenost takto posílené říše Chromista jako celku. Sice se původně zdálo, že je tvořena dvěma liniemi, dodnes v některých systémech udržovaných jako podříše, a sice SAR (Stramenopiles + Alveolata + Rhizaria) a Hacrobia (Haptophyta + Cryptophyta + Katablepharida + Centrohelida + Telonemea + Picobiliphyta). Zatímco přirozenost SAR je s vysokou věrohodností prokázána, nové analýzy ukazují nepřirozenost hacrobií jako celku. Haptofyta, centrohelidní slunivky a Telonemea by se podle nich odvětvovala na bázi holofyletických SAR, umístění skrytěnek (s plastidem morfologicky podobným haptofytům), katablefarid a pikobilifyt by mělo být na ...

Streptomyces Alboflavus RPS and its Novel and High Algicidal Activity Against Harmful Algal Bloom Species Phaeocystis globosa |...

Due to these severe negative effects, a number of strategies have been proposed to control HABs, involving ultraviolet light, microwave, clay, modified sand, plants, protozoan, and Chinese traditional medicines. However, only a few of these are feasible and applicable in case of emergencies due to the high cost or side effects. In recent years, microbial agents mitigating HABs, especially naturally occurring algicidal bacteria have attracted global attention.. Algicidal bacteria play a potentially important role in regulating the growth, metabolism, and toxin production of harmful algae. Factually, relationships between algicidal bacteria and harmful algae are quite complex and have been extensively researched, of which the most conspicuous and important is the inhibition or lysis of harmful algae by algicidal bacteria. Consequently, plenty of algicidal bacteria which mainly belong to genera Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas, Vibrio, Cytophaga, and Saprospira were isolated. The negative effects of ...

Nitrite and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com

Effects of Nitric Oxide. As described above, nitrite can break down under UV light to produce nitric oxide. Consistent with this process, nitric oxide is found to increase during the day and to decrease at night.12 Nitric oxide itself has a variety of different biological effects. Exposure to different concentrations of supplemental nitric oxide was found to speed or inhibit the growth of four species of phytoplankton (Skeletonema costatum, Dicrateria zhanjiangensis nov. sp., Platymonas subcordiformis and Emiliania huxleyi) , consistent with its known role as a growth regulator in terrestrial plants.19. Nitric oxide also may play a role in the symbiosis of certain cnidarians with dinoflagellates. An enzyme that produces nitric oxide has been found in the cnidarian Aiptasia pallida. This enzyme is apparently downregulated when the organism goes into acute heat shock, and inhibitors of the enzyme cause retraction of the tentacles, as is observed under heat shock conditions.20 Further, addition of ...

Meet Anchiornis huxleyi, the first colorized dinosaur | experience it all.

Paleontologists discovered 29 melanosome samples from the body of the 155-million-year-old Anchiornis huxleyi. By comparing the samples to the feathers and colors of modern birds they were able to map out the dinos colors, making Anchiornis the first true-color picture of a dinosaur. Sure, weve seen recreations of dinosaurs in color in textbooks, stories, and film. Difference here is that this is for realz. Neat, huh?. [Via NatGeo; Gizmodo] ...

Bolivina blakei Finger & Lipps 1990 - Encyclopedia of Life

Definition: Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world oceans floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr ...

Bolivina pondi Cushman 1931 - Encyclopedia of Life

Definition: Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world oceans floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr ...

Combination of Potassium Pentagamavunon-0 and Doxorubicin Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Metastasis in...

A salt compound of a curcumin analogue, potassium pentagamavunon-0 (K PGV-0) has been synthesized to improve solubility of pentagamavunon-0 which has been proven to have anti-proliferative effects on several cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate cytotoxic activity and metastasis inhibition by K PGV- 0 alone and in combination with achemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (dox), in breast cancer cells. Based on MTT assay analysis, K PGV-0 showed cytotoxic activity in T47D and 4T1 cell lines with IC50 values of 94.9 M and 49.00.2 M, respectively. In general, K PGV-0dox demonstrated synergistic effects and decreased cell viability up to 84.7% in T47D cells and 62.6% in 4T1 cells. Cell cycle modulation and apoptosis induction were examined by flow cytometry. K PGV-0 and K PGV-0dox caused cell accumulation in G2/M phase and apoptosis induction. Regarding cancer metastasis, while K PGV-0 alone did not show any inhibition of 4T1 cell migration, K PGV-0dox exerted inhibition. K PGV-0 and its

Data package, Santa Barbara Coastal LTER, id knb-lter-sbc.45

Samples from 5 m depth at each station were analyzed for phytoplankton taxa under an inverted light microscope using the Utermöhl method (Utermöhl, 1931, 1958). At each station 125 mL bottles were filled with seawater and 37% formaldehyde was added to a final concentration of 2%. The preserved samples were settled using 50 mL settling columns for ~24 hours, and phytoplankton taxa were identified to genus and enumerated using a Leitz Wetzlar Diavert inverted microscope at 350 x magnification. A total of ~500 cells were counted for each sample.. ...

They hunt, they kill, they cheat: Single-celled algae shed light on social lives o... ( Humans do it chimpanzees do it cucko.....

...Humans do it chimpanzees do it cuckoos do it cheating to score a fr... There are cheaters out there that we didnt know of said William Dr...Driscoll isolated several strains of the species Prymnesium parvum... When those cheaters are cultured with their toxic counterparts the...,They,hunt,,they,kill,,they,cheat:,Single-celled,algae,shed,light,on,social,lives,of,microbes,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

Effects of climate change on the Mediterranean - Coastal Wiki

Another driver of global change is the increased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which results in a higher CO2 concentration in the upper layers of the ocean. This might seem a good thing for phytoplankton. However, there is a less favourable side-effect: with increasing CO2 in the seawater, the acidity increases (the pH drops). As the acidity of seawater increases, it will be more difficult to produce the mineral calcium carbonate. This can cause problems for phytoplankton species that utilise calcium carbonate as a construction material for their cell walls. The coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi is one such species: it forms discs of calcium carbonate called coccoliths, which appear to provide protection to the cell. ...

Microalgal cryopreservation using Dimethyl Sulfoxide (Me2SO) coupled with two freezing protocols: influence on the fatty acid...

Procedures for determining the optimal pre-freezing protocol for cryo-preservation of microalgae are discussed. Three algal species were used (Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis galbana and Dunaliella salina) and cryo-stored using two different methods: the slow cooling and the fast freezing. In the slow cooling, each algae batch was treated with or without cryo-protectant (dimethyl sulfoxide: Me2SO 5% v/v). After 20 min at 4 degrees C, the midi-straws were filled and cooled slowly (1.5 degrees C min(-1)) to -140 degrees C, by a programmable freezer (Digitcool-IMV), before putting them directly into liquid nitrogen. Fast freezing was performed with 10% or 15% Me2SO prior to plunging into liquid nitrogen. The three algal species followed the same re-growth pattern as that of the controls. The post-thawed viability with Me2SO was good for all the selected algae (C. vulgaris > 95%, I. galbana and D. sauna > 70% of the control), applying the slow cooling. The post-thawed viability without Me2SO was 60% ...

Inter Research » AB » v18 » n2 » p185-195

ABSTRACT: Members of the marine phytoplankton genus Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophyceae) produce large amounts of the intracellular osmolyte DMSP and they are known to also produce lyase enzymes that cleave DMSP into the biogeochemically important trace gas DMS. The functional characteristics of DMSP lyase activity in Phaeocystis spp. are not well known. We characterized DMSP lyase activity in extracts from 2 ecologically important species from this genus, the mesophile P. globosa (strain CCMP629) and the psychrophile P. antarctica (strain CCMP1374). Results from whole cell extracts showed that both algal species were potent producers of DMSP lyase, with Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) values of 1.77 mM and 17.3 nmol DMS min-1 mg protein-1, respectively, for P. globosa, and 2.31 mM and 28.2 nmol DMS min-1 mg protein-1, respectively, for P. antarctica. The optimal DMSP lyase activity was recorded at pH 4 and 30?C for P. globosa, and at pH 5 and 20?C for P. ...

Real-time algae monitoring - MarineSpecies Introduced Traits Wiki

In the Dutch coastal area, harmful algal blooms of Phaeocystis occasionally cause mass mussel mortality in the aquaculture area Oosterschelde. To enable early warnings about future harmful algal blooms to mussel farmers and other end users, an information system is being developed based on the combination of remote sensing data (MERIS sensor on the ENVISAT satellite), field data and model data from WL , Delft Hydraulics ecological model GEM for the Dutch Voordelta area. The information system is being developed as a collaboration between WL , Delft Hydraulics, IVM (Free University, Amsterdam) and the National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ). The field data and remote sensing data give information about the actual status of the spring phytoplankton bloom. The use of the model allows for near real-time forecasting of Phaeocystis blooms. The complementary use of three data sources compensates for the limitations of each of the data sources. The information on the status of the ...

Biological production of methyl bromide in the coastal waters of the North Sea and open ocean of the northeast Atlantic - NERC...

Two separate studies in different oceanic regions provide evidence for the production of methyl bromide (CH3Br) by the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis. A sampling program to study the seasonal cycle of CH3Br in a coastal area demonstrated that the seawater was supersaturated with respect to CH3Br for over 3 months of the year. The greatest saturation was observed during a bloom of Phaeocystis. Also, in situ field measurements demonstrated that CH3Br was supersaturated over a large region of the northeast Atlantic. A positive correlation was observed between CH3Br and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), indicating that there was a source common to both compounds. An accessory pigment, hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which indicates the presence of prymnesiophytes, also correlated positively with CH3Br.. ...

Marine plankton brighten clouds over Southern Ocean

The new study looked more closely at what else might be making the clouds more reflective. Co-lead author Susannah Burrows, a scientist at the Pacific Northwest National Lab in Richland, Washington, used an ocean biology model to see whether biological matter could be responsible.. Marine life can affect clouds in two ways. The first is by emitting a gas, such as dimethyl sulfide released by Sulfitobacter bacteria and phytoplankton such as coccolithophores, which creates the distinctive sulfurous smell of the sea and also produces particles to seed marine cloud droplets.. The second way is directly through organic matter that collects at the waters surface, forming a bubbly scum that can get whipped up and lofted into the air as tiny particles of dead plant and animal material.. By matching the cloud droplet concentration with ocean biology models, the team found correlations with the sulfate aerosols, which in that region come mainly from phytoplankton, and with the amount of organic matter in ...

Rapid Plankton Growth In Ocean Seen As Sign Of Carbon Dioxide Loading | Ocean Leadership

A microscopic marine alga is thriving in the North Atlantic to an extent that defies scientific predictions, suggesting swift environmental change as a result of increased carbon dioxide in the ocean, a study led a by Johns Hopkins University scientist has found.. (From Science Daily) - What these findings mean remains to be seen, however, as does whether the rapid growth in the tiny planktons population is good or bad news for the planet. Published in the journal Science, the study details a tenfold increase in the abundance of single-cell coccolithophores between 1965 and 2010, and a particularly sharp spike since the late 1990s in the population of these pale-shelled floating phytoplankton. "Something strange is happening here, and its happening much more quickly than we thought it should," said Anand Gnanadesikan, associate professor in the Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Johns Hopkins and one of the studys five authors.. Read the full article here: ...

Publicaties - Deltares

Auteurs: Baretta-Bekker, J.G.; Baretta, J.W.; Latuhihin, M.J.; Desmit, X.; Prins, T.C. (2009). Since the beginning of the 1990s phytoplankton species composition and abundance have been monitored at a high frequency (bi-weekly in the growing season and monthly in winter) at a number of fixed stations on the Dutch Continental Shelf, of which 18 are used in this study. Phytoplankton carbon biomass has been calculated from species-specific biovolume/cell data and summed over all species per functional group enumerated in the samples. The species are divided into four functional groups i.e. diatoms, flagellates, autotrophic and mixotrophic dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis spp. The total number of phytoplankton samples analysed up to and including 2005 is almost 4000. The annualmeanphytoplankton biomass over all stations remained stable at around 145mg C m−3. However, the phytoplankton composition has changed significantly, with increases in diatoms and dinoflagellates and compensating decreases in ...

The Future Ocean

Im Forschungsfeld „Ocean-Governance" bewerten Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus den Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, aus der Philosophie, der Geographie sowie den Naturwissenschaften die bestehenden Regelwerke im Hinblick auf ihre Nachhaltigkeit. Ziel ist es, neue und wirkungsvolle Steuerungsansätze und Mechanismen für ihre Durchsetzung zu entwickeln, um die vielfältigen menschlichen Aktivitäten, die auf die Ozeane einwirken, nachhaltig auszugestalten.. Bisher bestehende Steuerungsansätze scheinen im Wesentlichen gescheitert. Das zeigt sich am deutlichsten am Beispiel der weltweiten Überfischung. Nach Angaben der Ernährungs- und Landwirtschaftsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen, der Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), muss der Zustand der weltweiten Fischbestände dramatischer eingestuft werden als bisher angenommen. Etwa ein Drittel der Bestände gilt heute schon als überfischt oder sogar zusammengebrochen - mit weitreichenden Folgen für das marine ...

Ocean Acidification Threat Sets Stage For Novel Water Regs

A U.S. government report on ocean acidification lays out a plan for tackling the growing concern of chemical shifts in the worlds largest bodies of water, and experts say the findings are building momentum for unprecedented regulations that could...

Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie

Résumé: Chrysochromulina ericina virus CeV-01B (CeV) was isolated from Norwegian coastal waters in 1998. Its icosahedral particle is 160 nm in diameter and encloses a 474-kb double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome. This virus, although infecting a microalga (the haptophyceae Haptolina ericina, formerly Chrysochromulina ericina), is phylogenetically related to members of the Mimiviridae family, initially established with the acanthamoeba-infecting mimivirus and megavirus as prototypes. This family was later split into two genera (Mimivirus and Cafeteriavirus) following the characterization of a virus infecting the heterotrophic stramenopile Cafeteria roenbergensis (CroV). CeV, as well as two of its close relatives, which infect the unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes Phaeocystis globosa (Phaeocystis globosa virus [PgV]) and Aureococcus anophagefferens (Aureococcus anophagefferens virus [AaV]), are currently unclassified by the International Committee on Viral Taxonomy (ICTV). The detailed ...

Antarctic Alert - Full Record Display

Iron (Fe) is known to be mostly bound to organic ligands and to limit primary productivity in the Southern Ocean. It is thus important to investigate the bioavailability of organically bound Fe. In this study, we used four phytoplankton species of the Southern Ocean (Phaeocystis sp., Chaetoceros sp., Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Thalassiosira antarctica Comber) to measure the influence of various organic ligands on Fe solubility and bioavailability. Short-term uptake Fe:C ratios were inversely related to the surface area to volume ratios of the phytoplankton. The ratio of extracellular to intracellular Fe is used to discuss the relative importance of diffusive supply and uptake to control Fe bioavailability. The effect of excess organic ligands on Fe bioavailability cannot be solely explained by their effect on Fe solubility. For most strains studied, the bioavailability of Fe can be enhanced relative to inorganic Fe in the presence of porphyrin, catecholate siderophore and saccharides ...

Mixed Marine Phytoplankton - CTValley Bio

Contains the following, mixed in a single jar. Platymonas, Thalassiosira, Glenodinium, Prorocentrum, Isochrysis. This culture contains sufficient material for a class of 30 …

Craie formation ¦ Falaise of chalk

During all their life, thus Coccolithophoridés pèlent their coccolithes which fall on the bottom and accumulate to train a mud at the origin of the chalk. The agglutination of coccolithes under forms of balls has to contribute to accelerate the settling. Next to these dominant nannofossiles, he exists in proportion variable of the other bigger fossil fragments: foraminifères, calcisphères, bryozoaires, brachiopodes, bivalves in particular prisms of inocérames, sea urchins, crinoïdes, astéries, toweling, teeth of sharks, etc. These biodetrital elements can have split up and put down on the spot or then have been transported and concentrated in the form of placers. ...

Laser light uncovers hidden secrets of feathered dinosaur fossils | PBS NewsHour

In a new study, researchers have used lasers and simple cameras to uncover the body shape and texture of 200 fossils of a small, feathered dinosaur named Anchiornis huxleyi.