Snippe, H; Houte, A V.; and Merchant, B, Immunogenic synergy of haptenated liposomes and haptenated hemocyanin in b-cell defective cba/n mice. Abstr. (1982). Subject Strain Bibliography 1982. 2073 ...
Exposure of normal mouse spleen cells in vitro to highly 125I-labeled dinitrophenyl (DNP)-protein carrier conjugates specifically inactivated cells able to mount an immune response to that hapten after in vivo challenge. The deletion was hapten specific and independent of the radioactive carrier to which the hapten was bound. DNP-binding cells were inactivated by radioactivity that was not part of the hapten, but was solely confined to the carrier moiety. The deletion of the anti-DNP response lasted 2-3 wk and could be specifically inhibited.. ...
Anti-ϑ serum treatment of cells from immunized mice before their transfer to irradiated non-immune recipients decreased the ability of such cells to be stimulated by hapten on both homologous and heterologous carriers over a wide range of antigen doses. The anti-ϑ treatment was shown to affect only thymus-dependent (T) cells, since the number of bone marrow-derived (B) cell precursors was unaltered. Thus, specific T cells contribute significantly, not only to stimulation by the hapten on the homologous carrier, but also when hapten is presented on heterologous and even poorly immunogenic carriers. These results are interpreted as indicating a role for collaborative interactions of hapten-specific T cells with B cells specific for the same determinant. Such interactions were found at low antigen concentration. Results are discussed with relation to the mechanism of B cell stimulation.. ...
Rockey, J H.; Montogmery, P C.; and Dorrington, K J., Induced optical activity (circular dichroism) of antibody-hapten complexes. Abstr. (1971). Subject Strain Bibliography 1971. 2145 ...
Competitive immunoassay-validated anti-Hapten antibody against hapten [Salbutamol(SAL)] and hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Salbutamol(SAL)] competitive antigens(Carrier-coupled antigen, immunogen, hapten-carrier conjugates, BSA-conjugated, OVA-conjugated). The anti-Hapten antibody against hapten [Salbutamol(SAL)] had been validated with our hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Salbutamol(SAL)]via competitive ELISA test. GeneMedi offers paired anti-small molecules (Chemicals, Antibiotics, Mycotoxins, Hormones, Drugs of Abuse , etc.) antibodies (monoclonal antibody, mab)and small molecules competitive antigens (Carrier-coupled antigen, immunogen, hapten-carrier conjugates, BSA-conjugated , OVA-conjugated) for the rapid test and diagnostics kit of Growth Promoters, Toxic Heavy Metal, Myotoxins, Nutritions, Food Safety, Pesticides, Drugs of Abuse, Allergen, Antibiotics, Agricultural, Water Contamination and so on. All our anti-chemicals antibodies and small molecules hapten-carrier conjugates antigens (BSA
Looking for hapten? Find out information about hapten. An incomplete antigen that cannot induce antibody formation by itself but can do so by coupling with a larger carrier molecule Explanation of hapten
The present studies were designed to probe the role(s) of T cells in preventing or altering tolerance induction in hapten-specific B cells. This was accomplished by using hapten conjugates of normally immunogenic heterologous carriers to selectively inhibit 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-primed B cells in adoptive transfer experiments in vivo. The data provide strong indications that one critical role of T-cell participation in humoral responses to antigens is to circumvent the development of a tolerogenic signal that, in the absence of such T-cell function, might otherwise ensue after binding of the antigenic determinants by specific precursor B lymphocytes.. ...
Mesenteric lymph node cells were obtained from rabbits that were primed with dinitrophenylated ragweed antigen (DNP-Rag) and supplemented with free Ascaris antigen (Asc); in vitro anti-hapten antibody response of the primed cells was studied. It was found that stimulation of Rag-sensitized cells with free Rag enhanced anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-unrelated carrier conjugate (DNP-KLH) but suppressed the response of the same cell suspension to DNP-Asc. It was also found that both IgG and IgE antibody responses to DNP-Rag were suppressed by the addition of free Asc with the homologous antigen. Mechanisms involved in the enhancement and suppression of antibody response by free carrier were explored with cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from the culture of primed lymph node cells with free carrier. The results showed that essentially all CFS preparations studied enhanced antibody response when they were added to primed lymph node cells which had been treated with a hapten-protein conjugate. ...
B lymphocytes with receptors specific for a particular hapten have been prepared through an antigen-affinity procedure. Methods have been developed for the clonal stimulation of these cellsin vitro, with a single, hapten-specific B cell as the unequivocal target. Many stimulatory combinations involve multivalent antigen and one or more antigen non-specific, non-MHC restricted T lymphocyte-derived growth and differentiation factors. These factors, of which there are at least 4 or 5, are progressively being defined and should soon become available through recombinant DNA technology. Judicious use of factor combinations and selected antigens should soon answer whether
Hapten Sciences is a venture-backed, start-up company developing novel new chemical entity where are no similar products in development or on the market. Clementi Ltd. works with Hapten on regulatory affairs issues and clinical development plans. Not only does Hapten rely on Clementi and Associates for these critical areas, but also on broad strategic and cross-functional development issues and opportunities. After having worked together for four years, Clementi and Associates Ltd is regarded by Hapten and the company partners as the most trusted and relied upon advisory group we have had.. ...
A hapten is a small molecule that can stimulate an strong immune response only when it is in combination with a larger molecule such as a protein. Functionally , a hapten is virtually the equivalent of en epitope. ...
Fluorescent conjugates of several of these anti-dye and anti-hapten antibodies are also available. These antibodies can be used for direct detection of labeled phospholipids via fluorescence quenching.
Hapten: A small molecule that acts antigenic once it has been combined with carrier molecules (to form a hapten-carrier conjugate ...
DNP-β-alanine; CAS Number: 3185-97-5; Synonym: N-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-β-alanine; Linear Formula: C9H9N3O6; find Sigma-Aldrich-D7129 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich.
neoarsphenamine: was MH 1963-92; NEOARSENOBENZOL & NOVARSENOBENZENE were see NEOARSPHENAMINE 1976-92; use ARSENICALS to search NEOARSPHENAMINE 1966-92; very toxic former antisyphilitic agent still used occasionally for infections, including those in animals; it produces skin sensitization & has become a tool in the study of immunologic tolerance as a hapten
There are 2 six-letter words containing A, H, N, P and T: HAPTEN & HATPIN. Every word on this site can be used while playing scrabble. Create other lists, that start with or end with letters of your choice.
The synthetic method for haptens of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides with a spacer arm (amino carboxylic acid) attached at the pesticide thiophosphate group was simplified to a large extent. While the previous synthetic approach for this type of haptens requires seven steps, the present process involves only two steps. Using this process, five haptens of fenthion differing in spacer arm length (4-8 atoms) were synthesized and they were conjugated to bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to be used as immunogens. Rabbits were immunized with these hapten-protein conjugates for production of polyclonal antibodies against fenthion. The five haptens were conjugated to ovalbumin to be used as plate-coating antigens and twenty polyclonal antisera to the haptens were screened against each of the five coating antigens using noncompetitive and competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titer difference between the homologous and heterologous combinations was small, suggesting
Control of small molecule hapten epitope densities on antigenic carrier proteins is essential for development and testing of optimal conditions for vaccines. Yet, accurate determination of epitope density can be extremely difficult to accomplish, especially with the use of small haptens, large molecular weight carrier proteins, and limited amounts of protein. Here we report a simple radiometric method that uses 14C-labeled cystine to measure hapten epitope densities during sulfhydryl conjugation of haptens to maleimide activated carrier proteins.
We offer a complete range of high quality patch test products including haptens, patch test units as well as patch test accessories and spot tests. Our haptens are produced in Sweden under strict pharmaceutical control following the GMP quality management system audited by the Swedish Medical Products Agency. Certified by the ISO 13485 and ISO 9001 Quality Management systems our high quality products and reliable service will aid you in the diagnosis of contact allergy in your patients.. Our aim is not only to provide dermatologists/allergists with the necessary haptens and Test Chambers for Patch Testing, but also to actively take part in the development and selection of haptens, with special emphasis in the field of occupational dermatology. Our work is also focused on the standardization of patch test haptens. Our striving towards these goals is facilitated by the fact that we specialize in, and only work with, products for diagnostic patch testing and prevention in the field of Contact ...
Eight monoclonal antibodies from the primary response of C57BL/6 mice against the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) were isolated. The antibodies carry lambda 1 light chains and have similar affinities for the immunizing hapten. Sequence analysis at the level of mRNA reveals that all antib …
Multiple antibody components of rabbit antisera against p-azobenzenearsonate (Rp) were studied with respect to their globulin nature and skin-sensitizing activi
Probing Active Cocaine Vaccination Performance through Catalytic and Noncatalytic Hapten Design. J Med Chem. 2013 Apr 29; Cai X, Whitfield T, Hixon MS,
CYTOTOXISCHE T-ZELLEN + KILLER T-ZELLEN (IMMUNOLOGIE); HAPTENE (IMMUNOLOGIE); KLONIEREN + KLONALKULTUREN + INZUCHT (BIOLOGISCHE TECHNIKEN); CYTOTOXIC T CELLS + KILLER T CELLS (IMMUNOLOGY); HAPTENS (IMMUNOLOGY); CLONING + CLONAL CULTURES + INBREEDING (BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ...
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So, in Mitochondria Pt. 2 I threw a whole lot of information at you, some of it without much context. In this post, I will hopefully provide some of that context. Specifically, we will explore the the different types of electron carrier molecules that are present in the electron transport chain. Most electron carrier molecules…
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Smith L.M, J. Parce W, Smith BA, McConnell HM. 1979. Antibodies bound to lipid haptens in model membranes diffuse as rapidly as the lipids themselves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76:4177-9. ...
Smith L.M, J. Parce W, Smith BA, McConnell HM. 1979. Antibodies bound to lipid haptens in model membranes diffuse as rapidly as the lipids themselves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76:4177-9. ...
View Notes - Slides3 011911(1) from BIOL 212 at UPenn. Today: 1) Short discussion of ATP and other carrier molecules 2) Protein folding 3) Exploration of adenylate kinase structure and
Adars Maleimide-Activated KLH will simplify the production of hapten - carrier conjugates for immunizations by crosslinking the activated KLH to cysteine - containing peptides through thiol groups ...
Keywords: Three-dimensional structure of antibodies & their complexes with haptens & antigens. Subject area(s): Immunology , Structural Biology & Biophysics. ...
koteswararao2kanugula at gmail.com wrote: , Dear sir, , This is koteswara rao , I am facing the problem of , coupling reaction as well as identification of the hapten + protien , coupling. Both Molecular Probes (www.probes.com) and Pierce (www.piercenet.com) discuss cross-linkers in their respective catalogues, which are available online ...
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If you are still wondering on how to lose weight and tired of hearing nasty opinions from other people, then Chiropractic treatment is the answer to t...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of dose response of trinitrochlorobenzene contact hypersensitivity induction in mice. T2 - Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide reveals an optimal sensitizing dose. AU - Sullivan, Sabra. AU - Bergstresser, Paul R.. AU - Streilein, J. Wayne. PY - 1990/5. Y1 - 1990/5. N2 - A detailed dose-response curve has been established for induction of contact hypersensitivity (CH) in mice with trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB). It was determined that in BALB/c, CBA/J, and C57BL/6 mice, the dose required to sensitize via epicutaneous application was between 1 and 10,μg TNCB. When doses of hapten of 200,μg or greater were painted on abdominal skin, CH responses were induced which were only marginally greater than responses induced by sensitizing doses of hapten in the 10-50-μg range, implying that no further dose-response relationship exists beyond 50 μg of hapten. However, in companion experiments, in which panels of mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide, it was determined that ...
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common T cell mediated skin disease. Small reactive organic molecules called haptens induce ACD. Haptens are not recognized by themselves, but need to bond to endogenous proteins in the skin, and processed further into complete antigens. Antigen specific T cells then recognize the resulting antigen. Although the haptens are well known, the chemical reactions of haptens inducing ACD is not well known. Neither are the chemical structures of the complete antigens associated with ACD in humans. This study is composed of three parts. Reactivity study of strong sensitizers like 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 4-t-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone (tBuBQ) and cis-1,2-hexahydrophthalic-anhydride (HHPA) under physiologic conditions with nucleophilic amino acids and peptides by analytical methods (HPLC, LC/MS/MS). The new reaction products were isolated and their structures were determined by NMR and MS. We found that most haptens reacted predominantly ...
Antibodies were raised to a 1-benzazepine hapten (I) and the properties of 2 of the strongly binding clones, designated C3 and C5, as catalysts examd. Neither antibody catalyzed the reaction for which they were first generated, electrophilic substitution in the benzene ring, but C3 catalyzed the hydrolysis of an aralkyl 4-nitrophenyl ester with a rate enhancement of ,106 compared with the background solvolysis rate. The mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction seems to involve general base catalysis on the basis of chem. modification expts. and isotope effects on the reaction rate in D2O. The possibility that C3 might catalyze other reactions (elimination, deuterium exchange, and epoxide opening) was investigated but no other reactions were obsd. In contrast, C5 catalyzed none of the reactions investigated. The properties of the 2 antibodies are discussed with respect to their ability to bind compds. structurally related to the hapten.. ...
Looking for online definition of cytolipin Hcytolipin K in the Medical Dictionary? cytolipin Hcytolipin K explanation free. What is cytolipin Hcytolipin K? Meaning of cytolipin Hcytolipin K medical term. What does cytolipin Hcytolipin K mean?
For therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of lenalidomide (LND), the potent drug for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a specific antibody was required for the development of a sensitive immunoassay system for the accurate determination of LND in plasma. In this study, a hapten of LND (N-glutaryl-LND) was synthesized by introducing the glutaryl moiety, as a spacer, into the primary aromatic amine site of the LND molecular structure. The structure of the hapten (G-LND) was confirmed by mass, 1H-NMR, and 13C spectrometric techniques. G-LND was coupled to each of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) proteins by ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide as a coupling reagent. LND-KLH conjugate was used as an immunogen. Four female 2-3 months old New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with an emulsion of LND-KLH with Freund`s adjuvant. The immune response of the rabbits was monitored by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using LND-BSA immobilized
Nitrophenyl (NP)-specific helper cells and suppressor cells were induced in vitro using NP-T4 bacteriophage as antigen. These cells could mediate their effects also by secreted effector molecules, helper and suppressor factors. The function of both NP-specific helper and suppressor cells was abolished by treatment with anti-Thy1.2 plus C, but they were not retained on nylon wool columns, suggesting that NP-specific helpers and suppressors were T cells. The membrane phenotype of both NP-specific helper and suppressor cells was found to be Ly1+2+I-J+(I-A-). The secreted effector molecules, helper and suppressor factors which mediate helper or suppressor function, bound to NP immunoadsorbents and are NP-specific in their function. They do not have conventional Ig determinants, but both bear determinants coded by the I-J subregion of H-2. The unusual phenotype of NP-specific helper and suppressor cells is discussed, as is the potential use of these hapten-specific T cells and their secreted effector
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hapten design and development of an ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) for the detection of the mercapturic acid conjugates of naphthalene. AU - Marco, Maria Pilar. AU - Hammock, Bruce D.. AU - Kurth, Mark J.. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - Measurement of urinary metabolites constitutes a noninvasive method to assess toxic exposure. Naphthalene is a common environmental contaminant showing selective pulmonary toxicity in mice and presumably is involved in development of lung disease in man (Buckpitt, A.R.; Franklin, R.B. Pharmacol. Ther. 1989, 41, 339). A glutathione-based detoxification pathway leads to the formation of the mercapturic acid conjugates [NaphMA 1, (R)-N-acetyl-S-[(1R*,2R*)-2,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-naphthyl]cysteine and (R)-N-acetyl-S-[(1R*,2R*)-1,2-dihydro-2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl]cysteine] which are excreted in urine. Herein we report the development of an immunoassay for the specific detection of these urinary metabolites. This study confirms the importance of ...
Recombinant hamster monoclonal antibody raised against 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP) hapten. Original antibody is raised against hapten-protein conjugated NP12-chicken gammaglobulin. (RAB00080) - Products - Abnova
Recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody raised against 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP) hapten. Original antibody is raised against hapten-protein conjugated NP12-chicken gammaglobulin. (RAB00064) - Products - Abnova
Incubation of unprimed spleen B cells with high concentrations of hapten-conjugates resulted in the induction of specific unresponsiveness or tolerance to a subsequent encounter with the hapten on a potentially immunogenic carrier. This process of tolerance induction could occur in the absence of extracellular calcium. In contrast B-cell activation to both proliferation and subsequent antibody secretion is known to be calcium dependent. This means that either (1) the decisions which determine immunity and tolerance in B cells are mediated through totally distinct signalling pathways, or that (2) if tolerance and immunity depend on same common signalling events, then the commitment of B cells to switch on or off must be determined at a very early stage.
T helper cell factors (HF) have been preparated against protein and synthetic antigens by restimulating in vitro induced helper cells with small amounts of antigen. HF when tested in vitro are antigen specific and capable of replacing T cells, initiating a thymus dependent IgM response. In the in vivo adoptive transfer assay HF is capable of replacing T helper cells and is active at very high dilution, inducing both IgM and IgG responses. When tested on unirradiated DNP primed animals the HF was able to initiate a thymus dependent anti-hapten response, comparable to that seen with helper T cells, of both IgM and IgG class. It was also shown that HF acts on anti-Thy 1 treated spleen cells. The results indicate that antigen specific helper factors may be one of the physiologic mediators of T-B interactions in intact animals.
To study the distribution of glycine immunoreactive neurons in the spinal cord and brain, antisera were raised against glycine conjugated to protein carriers. High-titer rabbit glycine antiserum was purified by affinity chromatography. Testing against other amino acids and peptides with immuno dot blots and ELISA assays showed little apparent cross-reaction with glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, taurine, and 17 other amino acids and related compounds. Similarly, the antiserum showed little apparent recognition of glycine when glycine was incorporated into peptides. A slight cross-reactivity with GABA, beta- alanine, and cysteine was found. Immunocytochemical labeling of tissue sections could be blocked with glycine conjugated to a heterologous carrier protein but not by other amino acids conjugated to that protein. Immunocytochemistry at the light microscope level with immunofluorescence and silver-intensified colloidal gold revealed a wide distribution of glycine-like immunoreactivity throughout ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Catalytic antibodies. AU - Benkovic, Stephen. PY - 1992/1/1. Y1 - 1992/1/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0026717963&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0026717963&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.000333. DO - 10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.000333. M3 - Review article. C2 - 1497313. AN - SCOPUS:0026717963. VL - 61. SP - 29. EP - 54. JO - Annual Review of Biochemistry. JF - Annual Review of Biochemistry. SN - 0066-4154. ER - ...
CRM197 CRM197 is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin used as a carrier protein carrier for polysaccharides and haptens enhancing their immunigenicity for vaccine applications. To support its customers Xpress Biologics has developped a microbial expression system and a fully scalable industrial production process and provides High Quality recombinant CRM197 Production scale
IMMUNOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT METHOD USING HAPTEN AND ANTIBODY BINDING THERETO AS REFERENCE ANTIBODY, AND... | METHODS FOR DETECTING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY | PERSONALIZED MEDICINE APPROACH FOR TREATING COGNITIVE LOSS | METHODS FOR DETERMINING DIFFERENCES IN ALPHA-4 INTEGRIN ACTIVITY BY CORRELATING DIFFERENCES IN sVCAM AND/OR... | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR STUDYING MATRIX VESICLE CALCIFICATION |
A couple of quick thoughts: When you make a MAb hybridoma, you are doubling the amount of chromosomes in the cell, and the cell wishes to become diploid once again. Hence, it degrades or spits out the chromosomes it doesnt need (in this case, the genetic info needed to produce your antibody). 1) Try a different immunization protocol. You may need to immunize longer and more frequently to get a higher titer. 2) I do not know how you are attaching the hapten to the carrier protein. There may be insufficient epitope present to generate the specific response desired, and the mouse is reacting more to your carrier rather than to your epitope. By increasing the target immunogen on the carrier (if possible) you may get a better response. 3) You may want to use an adjuvant of some type to boost the response ...