TY - JOUR. T1 - Xenoendocrine pollutants May Reduce Size of Sexual Organs in East Greenland Polar Bears (Ursus Maritimus). AU - Sonne, Christian. AU - Leifsson, Pall S.. AU - Dietz, Rune. AU - Born, Erik W.. AU - Letcher, Robert J.. AU - Hyldstrup, Lars. AU - Riget, Frank F.. AU - Kirkegaard, Maja. AU - Muir, Derek C. G.. PY - 2006. Y1 - 2006. U2 - 10.1021/es060836n. DO - 10.1021/es060836n. M3 - Journal article. VL - 40. SP - 5668-5674 (E-pub 16 Aug 2006). JO - Environmental Science & Technology (Washington). JF - Environmental Science & Technology (Washington). SN - 0013-936X. IS - 18. ER - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Morphological evidence of biofilm formation in Greenlanders with chronic suppurative otitis media. AU - Homøe, Preben. AU - Bjarnsholt, Thomas. AU - Wessman, Marcus. AU - Sørensen, Hans Christian Florian. AU - Johansen, Helle Krogh. PY - 2009/10/1. Y1 - 2009/10/1. N2 - Biofilm may explain the recurrences and recalcitrant episodes of otorrhea in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). This study investigates bacterial biofilm in Greenlanders with CSOM and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). The study is partly blinded, prospective and retrospective. Six children with CSOM, four children with COME and ten adults with CSOM were included in this study. Cultures were obtained and examined by standard methods. Otorrhea or glue was collected from the children and smears were prepared. Middle ear mucosa biopsies were obtained from the adults. Smears and biopsies were analyzed with microscopy and peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH). Biofilm was ...

The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass at accelerated rates in the 21st century, making it the largest single contributor to rising sea levels. Faster flow of outlet glaciers has substantially contributed to this loss, with the cause of speedup, and potential for future change, uncertain. Here we combine more than three decades of remotely sensed observational products of outlet glacier velocity, elevation, and front position changes over the full ice sheet. We compare decadal variability in discharge and calving front position and find that increased glacier discharge was due almost entirely to the retreat of glacier fronts, rather than inland ice sheet processes, with a remarkably consistent speedup of 4-5% per km of retreat across the ice sheet. We show that widespread retreat between 2000 and 2005 resulted in a step-increase in discharge and a switch to a new dynamic state of sustained mass loss that would persist even under a decline in surface melt. Glacier retreat is the main process behind

Survey estimates of biomass of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in West Greenland waters increased from about 178000 tons in 1998 to about 598000 tons in 2003. The increase in stock size was preceded by several consecutive years in which recruitment was substantially above average. Recruitment has been poor since then despite record high levels of female stock biomass. Ricker type stock-recruitment functions did not indicate that the variability in recruitment was related to female biomass. Multiple regression analysis revealed that mean female length, ambient bottom temperature and biomass of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) had the most important effect on the variations of the recruit per female biomass time series for the years 1993 to 2011. Variables which did not contribute significantly to the model included biomass of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). This can be explained by the low stock size of Atlantic cod throughout the major part of the study period. The final model ...

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The abundance and distribution of shrimp larvae were studied along four transects off West Greenland in June-July 1996. Zooplankton samples and vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and fluorescence were obtained along the transects in order to relate larval distribution to hydrographical and biological characteristics. Eight species of shrimp larvae occurred in the samples; Pandalus montagui and Pandalus borealis were the most numerous constituting 61 and 29% of the larvae, respectively. Other species of shrimp larvae were, in declining order of abundance, Sabinea septemcarinata, Lebbeus groenlandicus, Spirontocaris spinus, Eualus galmardi, Pontophilus (norvegicus?), and Argis dentata. Pandalus shrimp larval density showed a significant positive association with mean fluorescence (5-80 m), but no association with mean temperature, or densities of copepod eggs and nauplii. However, most larvae were caught in water columns with temperatures and salinities of ~2°C. and ~33 psu, ...

From Egypt to Mongolia and now Greenland, mummies throughout the ages have shown evidence of atherosclerosis. The Greenland mummies were of particular interest due to their diet, which would have primarily consisted of fish and sea mammals.. While increased fish consumption is commonly touted as heart-healthy - which may make the findings of atherosclerosis seem surprising - [associate director of the Brighams Cardiovascular Imaging Program Dr. Ron] Blankstein emphasized that scientists still have much to learn about its relationship to cardiovascular health. For example, although it is known that consuming fish rich in omega-3 fats has benefits, some types of fish can also be high in cholesterol and, in the current era, contain toxins like mercury or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that may pose risk, he said.. Lifestyle factors, such as exposure to cooking smoke in their dwellings, may have also contributed to the mummified individuals developing cardiovascular disease during their ...

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The surface energy balance and mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet depends on the albedo of snow, which governs the amount of solar energy that is absorbed. The observed decline of Greenlands albedo over the past decade1, 2, 3 has been attributed to an enhanced growth of snow grains as a result of atmospheric warming1, 2. Satellite observations show that, since 2009, albedo values even in springtime at high elevations have been lower than the 2003-2008 average. Here we show, using a numerical snow model, that the decrease in albedo cannot be attributed solely to grain growth enhancement. Instead, our analysis of remote sensing data indicates that the springtime darkening since 2009 stems from a widespread increase in the amount of light-absorbing impurities in snow, as well as in the atmosphere. We suggest that the transport of dust from snow-free areas in the Arctic that are experiencing earlier melting of seasonal snow cover4 as the climate warms may be a contributing source of ...

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VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - Sept. 29, 2010) - HUDSON RESOURCES INC. (Hudson) (TSX VENTURE:HUD) is pleased to announce that it has completed the second phase of drilling at the Sarfartoq Rare Earth Element (REE) project in Greenland. A total of 3,000m of diamond core drilling was completed on the ST19,...

Reindeer. Humpback whales. Viking vestiges. Discover Greenland and Newfoundland & Labrador, a harshly majestic Arctic outpost not just endured, but embraced by its friendly residents.

Visit Greenland, one of the last pristine places on Earth! Sail around dramatic icebergs in glistening blue waters, with sweeping views of the fjords of Scoresby Sound all around. This 11-day expedition is a photographers dream, filled with enchanting compositions amidst a breathtaking, glacier-carved terrain. Well make daily excursions to the shore to capture the flora and fauna that teems with life in this Arctic landscape. Whether you are a beginner, an amateur or a professional photographer, this incredible trip is bound to be one of a lifetime, taking your photography skills to a whole new level.

Before completing this form please read the event Rules & Regulations and our Terms and Conditions.. Upon receipt of this booking registration form and deposit payment you will receive a confirmation of receipt and will be sent an invoice and links to further information that you must read within 7 days. (This is to comply with Distance Selling regulations and allows you adequate time to cancel this agreement after having read the required information, if you wish). This further information includes rather weighty but very important documents covering our Safety Policy, Risk Assessment & Management Structure, Snowmobile Operations Policy, Environmental Policy, Communications Policy and Dangerous Animals in Greenland. If you wish to download and view any of these documents prior to booking then please contact us.. The Iceman Polar venture is provided by Tangent Expeditions Limited to British Standard BS8848, Specification for the provision of visits, fieldwork, expeditions and adventurous ...

A trial date has been set on weapons charges for a Greenland man who allegedly vowed to shoot at police before going back to jail.

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UPDATED, 3:26 p.m.: The man believed to have killed Greenland Police Chief Michael Maloney and shot four other officers was found dead inside his Post Road home around 2 a.m. Friday along with a female acquaintance,.

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Little is known about the diversity of microorganisms and range of habitable environments that exist beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet. This project will characterize geochemical and microbial (bacterial and viral) properties of basal ice from a 2537 m deep ice core in North Eastern Greenland (NEEM). The ice core project is led by the Center of Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark with funding support from NSF and 12 other partner nations. The 2.3 m basal ice sequence contains 12 discrete debris-rich ice layers, with intervening clean (debris-poor ice). The debris-rich layers reflect interaction with the ice-sheet bed, and the incorporation of basal debris. The research has three primary objectives: 1) Characterize the cell density and phylogenetic diversity of the microbial community, 2) Determine likely biogeochemical weathering processes occurring in the subglacial environment, and 3) Model the interaction between these measured parameters. This work will integrate with results ...

Glaciers abound on Greenlands coastline; fed by the Greenland ice sheet, they flow towards the Arctic Ocean. In the northwest, Hiawatha Glacier is located at 78.8 degrees north, 67 degrees west. It emerges from a semi-circular lobe at the ice sheet margin and forms a narrow tongue with a length of 10 kilometres extending onto the ice-free Inglefield Land. Hiawatha Glaciers northern neighbour, the large Humboldt Glacier, is much more widely known. The front of the Humboldt Glacier is over 100 kilometres wide where it flows into the Nares Strait. The TanDEM-X image shows the region around Hiawatha Glacier.. Recently, however, Hiawatha Glacier has received worldwide attention. Some years ago, radar measurements performed as part of NASAs Operation IceBridge, a campaign to monitor changes in the polar ice caps, revealed a circular depression in the ground underneath the ice where Hiawatha Glacier emerges from the ice sheet. Subsequent surveying by an international research team using a more ...

Whilst all of Jan Mayen has a volcanic origin, the main volcano is the beautiful Beerenberg. It is the northernmost active volcano in the world (discounting any beneath sea level) and the 5th highest volcano in Europe. Beerenberg is covered in impressive glaciers, which until recently reached the sea. They are now retreating and only one calving glacier, Weyprecht, remains. The central crater is 1 km wide, is covered in snow, and is the source of the Weyprecht glacier which flows through a breach in the crater wall.. Beerenberg volcano is in fact fairly active. There were eruptions in 1732, 1818, and possibly 1851, and in the 20th century in September 1970 and January 1985. (Wikipedia and other sites mention an eruption in 1973 but this appears to be incorrect.) Ancient eruptions are recorded in the Greenland ice. Earthquakes occur occasionally, including a magnitude 4.8 earlier this year. Fumarole activity in the crater is common, but the central crater is probably blocked by a cold plug, and ...

Chen, R.C. Hale, R.J. Letcher. 2015. Photochemical and microbial transformation of emerging flame retardants in the environment: Cause for concern? Environ Toxicol Chem. - Focus Article. 34:687-699.. R.J. Letcher (corresponding author), Z. Lu, S.G. Chu, K.G. Drouillard, C.H. Marvin, G.D. Haffner, J.J.H. Ciborowski. 2015. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) isomers in sediments from Detroit River and Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 95:21-36.. Su, R.J. Letcher (corresponding author), D. Crump, D. Gooden, H.M. Stapleton. 2015. In vitro metabolism of flame retardant triphenyl phosphate in chicken embryonic hepatocytes and the importance of the hydroxylation pathway. Environ.Sci. Technol. Lett. 2:100-104.. K.E. Pedersen, N. Basu, R.J. Letcher, C. Sonne, R. Dietz, B. Styrishave. 2015. Brain region-specific perfluoroalkylated sulfonate (PFSA) and carboxylic acid (PFCA) accumulation and neurochemical biomarker responses in East Greenland polar bears ...

Bamber, J.L., Ekholm, S., and Krabill, W. B. 1998. The accuracy of satellite radar altimeter data over the Greenland ice sheet determined from airborne laser data, Geophysical Research Letters. 25(16): 3177-3180.. Bamber, J.L. and R.A. Bindschadler. 1997. An improved elevation dataset for climate and ice-sheet modelling: validation with satellite imagery. Annals of Glaciology 25:438-444.. Bamber, J.L. and P. Huybrechts. 1996. Geometric boundary conditions for modelling the velocity field of the Antarctic ice sheet. Annals of Glaciology 23:364-373.. Bamber, J. and C. Bentley. 1994. A comparison of satellite-altimetry and ice-thickness measurements of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology 20:357-364.. Bamber, J. 1994. A digital elevation model of the Antarctic ice sheet derived from ERS-1 altimeter data and comparison with terrestrial measurements. Annals of Glaciology 20:48-54.. Bamber, J. 1994. Ice sheet altimeter processing scheme. International Journal of Remote Sensing ...

Bamber, J.L., Ekholm, S., and Krabill, W. B. 1998. The accuracy of satellite radar altimeter data over the Greenland ice sheet determined from airborne laser data, Geophysical Research Letters. 25(16): 3177-3180.. Bamber, J.L. and R.A. Bindschadler. 1997. An improved elevation dataset for climate and ice-sheet modelling: validation with satellite imagery. Annals of Glaciology 25:438-444.. Bamber, J.L. and P. Huybrechts. 1996. Geometric boundary conditions for modelling the velocity field of the Antarctic ice sheet. Annals of Glaciology 23:364-373.. Bamber, J. and C. Bentley. 1994. A comparison of satellite-altimetry and ice-thickness measurements of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology 20:357-364.. Bamber, J. 1994. A digital elevation model of the Antarctic ice sheet derived from ERS-1 altimeter data and comparison with terrestrial measurements. Annals of Glaciology 20:48-54.. Bamber, J. 1994. Ice sheet altimeter processing scheme. International Journal of Remote Sensing ...

The expedition members visited several research sites in Greenland as part of an initiative to foster enhanced international scientific cooperation between the countries. The expedition members spent several days learning about the research conducted in Greenland, the logistics involved in supporting the research, and gained first-hand experience conducting experiments and developing inquiry-based educational activities.. This years work builds on past expeditions and is supported by the National Science Foundation. The project was developed through cooperation with the U.S.-Denmark-Greenland Joint Committee, which was established in 2004 to broaden and deepen cooperation among the United States, the Kingdom of Denmark, and Greenland.. The program has two components ...

In contrast to this, ice in South East Greenland has actually thickened by a metre between 2002 and 2003, reversing the thinning of between 10cm and 40cm a year which had been occurring there in the mid 90s. This sudden thickening was due to unusually high levels of snowfall between 2002 and 2003. Usually this area would experience about a metre of snow per year, but in this period 3m of snow fell, which is the highest rate in more than 45 years of meteorological data ...

Saxifraga nathorstii flowers, close-up. This Arctic plant is a natural hybrid between two other saxifrage species, S. oppositifolia and S. aizoides. It is a polyploid plant, having doubled the number of its chromosomes after hybridization. Such doubling allows a sterile hybrid to become fertile by permitting the correct pairing of chromosomes during meiosis (the formation of sex cells). Polyploidy is an important evolutionary mechanism as it allows the immediate formation of new species. Photographed on Clavering Island in North East Greenland National Park, Greenland. - Stock Image B760/0438

Eastern Atlantic: off eastern Greenland and from the English Channel to the coast of Murmansk. Western Atlantic: southern Labrador in Canada and western Greenland to Rhode Island in USA (Ref. 7251). Two subspecies were recognized, H. p. platessoides from northwestern Atlantic, and H. p. limandoides from the northeastern Atlantic (Ref. 51668 ...

According to the Glossary of Glacier Mass Balance and Related Terms, a glacier is a perennial mass of ice, and possibly firn and snow, originating on the land surface by the recrystallization of snow or other forms of solid precipitation and showing evidence of past or present flow (Cogley et al., 2011).. Glaciers form in locations where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often decades or centuries. On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in polar regions (primarily the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets), but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges of every continent except Australia. In the tropics, glaciers occur only at high elevations ...

Inuit Odyssey follows Canadian Arctic anthropologist Niobe Thompson as he takes us on a visually stunning journey across the North, tracing the origins of the modern Inuit. In a circumpolar expedition stretching from the ancient hearth of Thule culture in Siberia to the final battleground of the Thule and the Norse in Greenland, Inuit Odyssey explores the mysteries of the Thule conquest of the Arctic. Along the way, Thompson makes some startling new scientific discoveries and challenges our stereotypes of the peaceful Eskimo by shedding new light on the first meeting of Asiatic and European settlers in the New World. -CBC Canada. This short-ish (42 minute) documentary explorers the spread of the Tuuli/Inuit from Eastern Siberia, across Alaska and Canada, and eventually to Greenland during the last period of relative global warming. It touches on the importance of specialized knowledge required to hunt specific animals, and how that changes during migrations. The Tuuli migrated away from ...

The bowhead whale also has a circumpolar Arctic distribution. It is a large, baleen whale (Mysticete) that can reach a length of 20 m and a weight of 75 tonnes. Two populations are recognized in the Canadian Arctic, which are separated by physical barriers (land and impassable ice). The Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population summers in the Canadian Beaufort Sea, along the south and west coasts of Banks Island and west of Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, as well as in Amundsen Gulf. In winter, the population is distributed in the western and central Bering Sea (additional information available here). The Eastern Canada-Western Greenland population summer in western Baffin Bay, the Canadian High Arctic, northern Foxe Basin, and northwestern Hudson Bay. Wintering occurs in areas with unconsolidated pack ice such as northern Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, central Davis Strait, southern Baffin Bay, and off West Greenland (see the Species at Risk page for details). In recent years, the reduction of the summer ice has ...

Variation in fitness between individuals in populations may be attributed to differing environmental conditions experienced among birth (or hatch) years (i.e., between cohorts). In this study, we tested whether cohort fitness could also be explained by environmental conditions experienced in years post-hatch, using 736 lifelong resighting histories of Greenland white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons flavirostris) marked in their first winter. Specifically, we tested whether variation in age at first successful reproduction, the size of the first successful brood and the proportion of successful breeders by cohort was explained by environmental conditions experienced on breeding areas in west Greenland during hatch year, those in adulthood prior to successful reproduction and those in the year of successful reproduction, using North Atlantic Oscillation indices as proxies for environmental conditions during these periods ...

Supraglacial lakes - bodies of water that collect on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet - lubricate the bottom of the sheet when they drain, causing it to flow faster. Differences in how the lakes drain can impact glacial movements speed and direction, researchers from The City College of New York (CCNY), University of Cambridge and Los Alamos National Laboratory report in Environmental Research Letters.. Knowledge of the draining mechanisms allows us to improve our understanding of how surface melting can impact sea-level rise, not only through the direct contribution of meltwater from the surface, but also through the indirect contribution on the mass loss through ice dynamics, says Dr. Marco Tedesco, the principal investigator and lead author. Dr. Tedesco is an associate professor in CCNYs Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at CCNY and is currently serving as temporary program director for the National Science Foundations Polar Cyberinfrastructure Program. The research ...

Scientists using simulation found that the Eurasian ice sheet, which is 20 thousand years ago covered all the Northern part of Eurasia, disappeared in less than 500 years. This glacier is the size comparable to the modern West Antarctic ice shield, so the experts will be able to adjust their forecasts about the melting of the ice of Antarctica and raising the level of the World ocean: these events can happen in the next hundred years. The results of a study published in the journal Nature Geoscience.. 20 thousand years ago the entire Northern part of Eurasia covered by the Eurasian ice sheet, three times surpassing the size of the modern ice sheet of Greenland. Later, 13,5-14,7 thousand years ago, there was a period of a rapid rise in ocean levels due to melting glaciers, which represent Meltwater Pulse 1A (themeltwater pulse 1A, MWP1a). The Global sea level at that time rose to 40-60 mm per year and eventually rose to tens of meters. Meltwater flowed into the ocean from glaciers, but what ...

Dogs were present in pre-Columbian America, presumably brought by early human migrants from Asia. Studies of free-ranging village/street dogs have indicated almost total replacement of these original dogs by European dogs, but the extent to which Arctic, North and South American breeds are descendants of the original population remains to be assessed. Using a comprehensive phylogeographic analysis, we traced the origin of the mitochondrial DNA lineages for Inuit, Eskimo and Greenland dogs, Alaskan Malamute, Chihuahua, xoloitzcuintli and perro sín pelo del Peru, by comparing to extensive samples of East Asian (n = 984) and European dogs (n = 639), and previously published pre-Columbian sequences. Evidence for a pre-Columbian origin was found for all these breeds, except Alaskan Malamute for which results were ambigous. No European influence was indicated for the Arctic breeds Inuit, Eskimo and Greenland dog, and North/South American breeds had at most 30% European female lineages, suggesting ...

This project will drill and recover a new ice core from South Pole, Antarctica. The South Pole ice core will be drilled to a depth of 1500 m, providing an environmental record spanning approximately 40 kyrs. This core will be recovered using a new intermediate drill, which is under development by the U.S. Ice Drilling Design and Operations (IDDO) group in collaboration with Danish scientists. The intellectual merit of the work is that the analysis of stable isotopes, atmospheric gases, and aerosol-borne chemicals in polar ice has provided unique information about the magnitude and timing of changes in climate and climate forcing through time. The international ice core research community has articulated the goal of developing spatial arrays of ice cores across Antarctica and Greenland, allowing the reconstruction of regional patterns of climate variability in order to provide greater insight into the mechanisms driving climate change. The broader impacts of the project include obtaining the ...

Alaska on Madison is a gallery of indigenous Northern art run by collectors for collectors. For more than 30 years, our principal areas of interest have been Inuit art, Northwest Coast art, 19th century Alaskan artifacts, and Old Bering Sea artifacts, but we also offer selected items of other Native American art and jewelry.

The first traversal of the Northwest Passage via dog sled[56] was accomplished by Greenlander Knud Rasmussen while on the Fifth Thule Expedition (1921-1924). Rasmussen and two Greenland Inuit travelled from the Atlantic to the Pacific over the course of 16 months via dog sled.[57] Canadian Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer Henry Larsen was the second to sail the passage, crossing west to east, leaving Vancouver on June 23, 1940 and arriving at Halifax on October 11, 1942. More than once on this trip, he was uncertain whether St. Roch, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police ice-fortified schooner, would survive the pressures of the sea ice. At one point, Larsen wondered if we had come this far only to be crushed like a nut on a shoal and then buried by the ice. The ship and all but one of her crew survived the winter on Boothia Peninsula. Each of the men on the trip was awarded a medal by Canadas sovereign, King George VI, in recognition of this feat of Arctic navigation.[58] Later in 1944, ...

While exporting icebergs may seem like a novel idea, there was actually a bustling ice trade in the nineteenth century. Ice was cut from rivers and lakes in places like the U.S. and Norway for use in refrigerating products like meat, fish, and produce, and later to keep cities like New York and Philadelphia cool during their hot, humid summers. The Library of Congress has archival films such as these of ice being cut and then housed. Even well before the nineteenth century, smaller networks of ice trade existed with ice being taken down from mountain ranges such as the Alps, Andes, and Himalayas for use at lower elevations in making everything from ice cream to cool drinks. The Mughals employed horses to carry down ice from the Hindu Kush for use in frozen desserts, while the Persians engineered yakhchal, or ice houses, to store ice brought down from nearby snow-capped peaks for their frosty fruit ices and syrups ...

Hunting polar bears in the Arctic has become a popular extreme sport for the wealthy.. For $35,000, trophy-hunters can spend 14 days in the frozen wastelands of northern Canada, accompanied by dog-sleds, Inuit guides and heated tents.. Despite the widely-reported threat to polar bears from climate change as Arctic sea ice melts away, it is legal to hunt them for sport in Canada.. The Pond Inlet hunt, run by Adventure Northwest in Yellowknife, sees the hunters shoot the bear, usually behind the leg. They give the bears body parts to the Inuits and the hunter is able to take its hide home.. The companys founder, Boyd Warner, 45, defended the hunts, saying clients respect the bears enormously and that the quota of bears hunted are going to get killed one way or another because the Inuits depend on them for winter food.. Canada is one of five countries that are home to polar bears, but three others - America, Greenland and Russia - restrict the killing of the creatures to a quota solely for ...

The geographical limits of the Arctic need to be explicitly defined in an ANWFZ. The traditional definitions of the region should be taken into account. Adjacent seas, sea beds, continental shelves, disputed territories, international waters, and airspace should all be covered by the treaty. Oran Young writes that the Arctic encompasses, Alaska (except for the area known as the Southeast); the Yukon and Northwest Territories, northern Quebec, and all of Labrador in Canada; all of Greenland; Iceland, the northern counties of Norway, Sweden, and Finland (known collectively as Fennoscandia); and all of what the Russians treat as the Arctic and the Russian North [as well as] the marine systems of the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas, including the Bering, Chukchi, Beaufort, Greenland and Norwegian, Barents, Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian Seas.[83] Using this definition, the Arctic comprises 8% or 40 million square kilometres of the earths surface, but less than 1% of the worlds ...

The expansion in mackerels summer distribution range was concurrent with the more than doubling of stock size. Directions of expansion were constrained by availability of preferred temperature (9-13°C) preventing mackerel from expanding into the cold polar waters of the Greenland Sea and instead expanding westward, in warm Atlantic waters, along the south coast of Iceland towards Greenland. Mesozooplankton abundance​ within habitats of preferred temperature was also a factor in mackerel distribution. Distribution retraction in recent years coincides with a declining stock size but is not concurrent with changes in temperature or prey abundance. It is not understood why mackerel distribution in the westward area has drastically retracted compared to mackerel distribution in the Norwegian Sea. In 2019, temperature in the westward area was within the range preferred by mackerel, mesozooplankton abundance was similar or higher compare to years when ​mackerel was abundant in the area, and ...

Day two is a relative term in this case because we didnt actually sleep until the end of our day in Iceland, but we definitely took advantage of our waking hours. When we flew into Reykjavik, it was pitch black so we didnt get to enjoy the island from above. Wed heard about the gorgeous flat views and otherworldly volcanic rock, but we had no idea just how beautiful this country would be. After spending several hours in the airport coffeehouse lounge, we gathered our small amount of luggage

An emission intensity is the emission rate of a given pollutant relative to the intensity of a specific activity, or an industrial production process; for example grams of carbon dioxide released per megajoule of energy produced, or the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions produced to gross domestic product (GDP). Emission intensities are used to derive estimates of air pollutant or greenhouse gas emissions …. Get Price ...

Air Iceland (www.airiceland.is) and Eagle Air (www.eagleair.is) run domestic services to all major airports within Iceland from Reykjavíks city airport, linking up with air or bus connections in over 40 towns. They also fly to Greenland and the Faroe Islands.If youre in Iceland for a short amount of time, flying can be a great way to see the different areas of the country and it doesnt have to be expensive. You can take a bus one way and fly the other; this mode of transport also allows you to see the country by air, which can be singularly dramatic. Both internal airlines offer day tours of the country as well as day trips, guided tours and scheduled flights. You need a passport to travel to Greenland or the Faroe Islands from Iceland.Car hire services are available from Reykjavík, Akureyri and many other towns. Speed limits are 50kph (31mph) in urban areas, while outside towns they are 90kph (56mph) on paved roads and 80kph (50mph) on gravel roads. Driving under the influence of alcohol ...

DVD design: THE LAST MINUTE has a wealth of special features that can be accessed two ways: by clicking on the question mark icon or by clicking on another button that leads you to another menu. THE LAST MINUTE has menu upon menu where you can access some special features or access the next menu. Each menu takes you to a different place in the movie. Some menus are linked by clips from the movie (played out like a bad TV transmission) while two menus are set up like website pages (for Greenland and Iceland). The menus have an animated design to them from the black dog running towards you in an alley, a dancing S&M freak in Prosthesis, Grimshanks looking at you, and a video clip playing in the Greenland and Iceland website menus. there were some problems I did experience while accessing the Character Tree that paused the menu (and I had to hit play which played the cast/crew bios). Despite that one flaw that popped up while playing it on my DVD player, I have to say THE LAST MINUTE is the best ...

Little is written in textbooks of medical history about Nansen, who is better known as the Norwegian who founded modern polar exploration. His contributions were in many spheres. Nansen was an invertebrate zoologist who in 1882 was appointed curator of zoology at the Bergen museum. He stayed in Bergen for 5 years, focusing his interests on the neuroanatomy of marine invertebrates. For one of his papers The structure and combination of histological elements of the central nervous system (1887), the university in Kristiana conferred upon him the degree of doc- tor of philosophy. His dissertation contained so many novel interpretations that the examination committee accepted it with reluctance, but the work is now considered a classic. Two days after his dissertation was accepted Nansen was on his way to Greenland. He crossed Greenland on skis during 1888-1889. Nansen was appointed professor of zoology at the University of Oslo in 1887 and in oceanography in 1908. On the basis of his research on ...

Safe operations of container lifting and moving equipment in the yardOperation of equipment in line with RSGT operating and performance standardsUndertake ve...

We used stable carbon isotopes to analyse individual variation in arctic fox diet. We extracted collagen from bones (the lower jaw), and measured stable carbon isotopes. The foxes came from three different localities: Iceland, where both microtines and reindeer are rare; west Greenland, where microtines are absent; and Sweden, where seat analyses showed the primary food to be microtine rodents and reindeer. The Icelandic samples included foxes from both coastal and inland habitats, the Swedish sample came from an inland area, and the Greenland sample from coastal sites. The spatial variation in the isotopic pattern followed a basic division between marine and terrestrial sources of protein. Arctic foxes from inland sites had delta(13)C values of -21.4 (Ice land) and -20.4 parts per thousand (Sweden), showing typical terrestrial values. Coastal foxes from Greenland had typical marine Values of -14.9 parts per thousand, whereas coastal foxes from Iceland had intermediate values of -17.7 parts per ...

If the current trend continues or gets worse, Antarctica could become the largest contributor to sea level rises in the world. It could start to lose more ice than Greenland within a few years, said Jianli Chen, of the University of Texas at Austin.. Chens team used data from the Nasa mission to see how Earths gravitational pull varied month to month between April 2002 and January 2009. Measurements taken over the south pole reflect changes in the mass of the Antarctic ice sheets.. The survey confirmed the West Antarctic ice sheet is melting rapidly with the loss of about 132-billion tonnes of ice a year, but revealed unexpected melting in the larger East Antarctic ice sheet.. The scientists used a computer model to take account of ongoing movements in the Earths surface caused by the retreat of glaciers at the end of the last ice age. Uncertainties in the model gave the scientists only a broad estimate of ice loss in the East Antarctic ice sheet of between five-billion and 109-billion ...

And it is ice that draws paleoclimatologists literally to the ends of the Earth in the quest for knowledge about where our planet has been, where it is, and where it might be going. Ice cores provide a unique contribution to our view of past climate because the bubbles within the ice capture the gas concentration of our well-mixed atmosphere while the ice itself records other properties. Scientists obtain this information by traveling to ice sheets, like Antarctica or Greenland, and using a special drill that bores down into the ice and removes a cylindrical tube called an ice core.. Drilling thousands of meters into ice is a feat of technology, endurance, and persistence in extreme environments, exemplified by the joint Russian, U. In , Russian scientists extended the ice core to an incredible 3, meters, reaching Lake Vostok underneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. After scientists procure the cores, they slice them up into various portions each allotted to a specific analytical or archival ...

A psychrophilic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, red-pigmented bacterium, designated strain B1789T, was isolated from an ice core of Muztagh Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain B1789T was related to members of the genus Hymenobacter and had highest sequence similarity with Hymenobacter antarcticus JCM 17217T (97.9 %). The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The DNA G+C content was 59.4 mol%. In DNA-DNA hybridization tests, strain B1789T shared 42 % relatedness with H. antarcticus JCM 17217T. Based on the results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic tests, strain B1789T was considered as representing a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter , for which the name Hymenobacter frigidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1789T (=JCM 30595T=CGMCC 1.14966T).

Sea ice is salt water. It has a lower freezing point than continental ice which is frozen fresh water. Antarctica is a continent. The Arctic is not. The closest land mass to the Arctic is Greenland. Continental ice both in Antarctica & on Greenland is shrinking. There is a lot more fresh water entering the ocean in the southern hemisphere of course, which is why sea ice around the Antarctic is increasing temporarily. That is, fresh water entering the sea decreases salinity & raises the freezing point. In other words, the fact that sea ice is only increasing at one pole is further proof that climate change is real. This is basic science that one should understand before going to the effort of creating a site full of bogus claims & unscientific nonsense. Now huge releases of frozen methane are being observed from the ocean floor & from the permafrost regions of the northern hemisphere. Unfortunately, all this correlates exactly with climate change models that have existed for almost 40 years ...

Sea ice is salt water. It has a lower freezing point than continental ice which is frozen fresh water. Antarctica is a continent. The Arctic is not. The closest land mass to the Arctic is Greenland. Continental ice both in Antarctica & on Greenland is shrinking. There is a lot more fresh water entering the ocean in the southern hemisphere of course, which is why sea ice around the Antarctic is increasing temporarily. That is, fresh water entering the sea decreases salinity & raises the freezing point. In other words, the fact that sea ice is only increasing at one pole is further proof that climate change is real. This is basic science that one should understand before going to the effort of creating a site full of bogus claims & unscientific nonsense. Now huge releases of frozen methane are being observed from the ocean floor & from the permafrost regions of the northern hemisphere. Unfortunately, all this correlates exactly with climate change models that have existed for almost 40 years ...

The portion of the West Antarctic ice sheet that flows into the Ross Sea is thinning in some places and thickening in others. These changes are not caused by any current climatic change, but by the combination of a delayed response to the end of the last global glacial cycle and an internal instability. The near-future impact of the ice sheet on global sea level is largely due to processes internal to the movement of the ice sheet, and not so much to the threat of a possible greenhouse warming. Thus the near-term future of the ice sheet is already determined. However, too little of the ice sheet has been surveyed to predict its overall future behavior. ...

The 15-day sailing begins in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, on September 5, 2013 and ends in Quebec, Canada, whose old town is listed as a UNESCO world heritage site. Bringing along naturalists and experienced guides, passengers will get prepared for what they are about to see with background information and lectures about the origins, myths and mysticism on the way.A 10-year veteran of the Arctic, Compagnie du Ponant knows the best places to see the northern lights. Their luxury 264-passenger yacht Le Boreal will sail to the heart of the northernmost territory in Canada where passengers will view the polar lights from the bridge of the ship.. As if viewing the Northern Lights in near-absolute darkness was not enough, the voyage will visit a number of other trip-of-a-lifetime quality places like the village of Sisimiut in Greenland as well as the Inuit land of Nunavut, also a prime viewing location. There will be whale watching in the Baffin Sea and Saint Lawrence, white bears to see on Akpatok ...

The country planned to allow groups of up to 1,000 people to gather and allow bars and restaurants to stay open until midnight starting on August 4. But now, Iceland will maintain its limit on gatherings to 500 people, and maintain bars and restaurant closing times at 11pm until August 18.. As of Tuesday, Iceland had reported 1,857 confirmed COVID-19 infections since the pandemic began. Theres been 10 deaths. Iceland is currently reporting 34 active infections.. Write to Eilís Quinn at eilis.quinn(at)cbc.ca. Related stories from around the North:. Canada: Inuit gov. in Labrador, Canada tells out-of-province travellers to stay away despite Atlantic bubble, Eye on the Arctic. Finland: Finland joins other Nordic countries in virtual tourism due to pandemic, Yle News. Greenland: Greenland extends COVID-19 entry requirements until July 20, Eye on the Arctic. Iceland: Iceland lowers price of on-arrival COVID-19 testing, Eye on the Arctic. Norway: Norwegian Arctic wilderness tourism hit ...

Résumé: We will present the combined results of the French GEOTRACES GEOVIDE cruise in the North Atlantic Ocean and the 2015 German GEOTRACES cruise TransArc II in the central Arctic Ocean. Research vessel Pourquoi pas? sailed on May 15th from Lisbon to Greenland to arrive in Newfoundland on June 30th 2014, and icebreaker Polarstern sailed on August 17th from Tromsoe to explore the Nansen, the Amundsen and the Makarov basins, to arrive in Bremerhaven on October 15th 2015. Total mercury was sampled using ultra-trace clean rosettes and determined on board. In the Atlantic Ocean, surface waters of the Gulf Stream are cooled down as they travel north, and mix at the same time with waters exiting the Arctic Ocean via Fram Strait. These cool and dense surface waters dive to depth in the Greenland and Labrador seas. The North Atlantic Ocean predominantly receives Hg via atmospheric deposition from Europe and North America where industrial Hg emissions peaked in the 1970s. The Hg inputs to the ...

Ida battered Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane on Aug. 29 before its remnants brought deadly flooding to the New York area. Two other tropical storms, Julian and Kate, both fizzled out within a day.. In mid-August, Tropical Storm Fred made landfall in the Florida Panhandle and Hurricane Grace hit Haiti and Mexico. Tropical Storm Henri knocked out power and brought record rainfall to the Northeastern United States on Aug. 22.. The quick succession of named storms might make it seem as if the Atlantic were spinning them up like a fast-paced conveyor belt, but their formation coincides with the peak of hurricane season.. The links between hurricanes and climate change are becoming more apparent. A warming planet can expect stronger hurricanes over time, and a higher incidence of the most powerful storms. But the overall number of storms could drop, because factors like stronger wind shear could keep weaker storms from forming.. Hurricanes are also becoming wetter because of more water vapor in ...

The sanderling is a circumpolar breeder in high arctic regions in Alaska, arctic Canada, north and east Greenland, Svalbard and western and central Siberia. The sandlerling is a small wading bird that is often seen running rapidly in the tidal zone. They are migratory, wintering along the coast southwards to South America, South Africa and Australia. Considerable numbers pass along the coast of Norway during their migrations in the spring and autumn.

ABSTRACT: During mid-May-early June 1997 observations of hydrography, phytoplankton and nitrate concentrations, and abundance and stage distribution of Calanus finmarchicus populations were made in the Labrador Sea and south of Greenland. Egg production rates were also measured for isolated C. finmarchicus females. Surface nitrate and integrated phytoplankton concentrations indicated that, in the deep water, the phytoplankton bloom had ended in the north and east, was in progress in the north central Labrador Sea and near the basin margins, and had not yet become established in an area stretching from the central Labrador Sea to the south of Greenland. C. finmarchicus egg production rates and stage distributions at stations in the 3 areas designated as early, mid- and late/post-bloom zones, suggested that development rates of the overwintered G0 generation into mature adults (females and males) were probably low before the bloom, but accelerated during its development. Individual and areal rates ...

Could not be reached for comment, and his affiliated company, Davis Strait Fisheries Ltd., said it would not be commenting.The lawyer for Tele Greenland said he could not comment on the case until owners of the Acadienne Gale II have filed a statement of defence.Tele Greenland is suing for damages and alleges in court documents that the Acadienne Gale II was operated in an unsafe and unseamanlike manner, that outdated charts were being used, and that fishing gear was not properly controlled and monitored.The court action is one in a growing number of legal cases involving vessels allegedly damaging underwater telecommunications infrastructure.Hundreds of kilometres of subsea cable is stored at IT International Telecom. The Halifax company repairs broken telecommunications cables. (CBC)Fibre optic cables crisscross oceans, allowing people to make overseas phone calls or surf internet sites from another part of the world.Vessels in Canadian waters are required to keep up to date charts on board ...

A Manchester-based financial adviser is the new chair of the University System of New Hampshire Board of Trustees, following the election of officers on July 3.

Learning Objectives: Can you explain how kerosene ingestion can cause pneumonitis Can you evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the randomised controlled study Can you appraise the usefulness of prophylactic antibiotics in children exposed to ingestion of kerosene in South Africa Can...

Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution, Share Alike CC BY-SA Licence.. ...

Microneedling in Portsmouth, NH - Atlantic Plastic Surgery & Medi-Spa offers Microneedling treatments serving Portsmouth and the surrounding areas of NH.

The pink-footed goose breeds in east Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. In Svalbard, it is the most common species of goose and also the largest of the three species of geese that nest in Svalbard. Compared to the barnacle goose and the brent goose, the pink-footed goose is better able to protect themselves and their eggs against predators such as the arctic fox. This enables the species to breed further inland than the other two.

The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent organism from which all organisms now living on Earth descend.[31] Thus it is the most recent common ancestor of all current life on Earth. The LUCA is estimated to have lived some 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago (sometime in the Paleoarchean era).[32][33] The earliest evidence for life on Earth is graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland[34] and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.[35][36] Although more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are estimated to be extinct,[6][7] there are currently 10-14 million species of life on Earth.[3]. Information about the early development of life includes input from many different fields, including geology and planetary science. These sciences provide information about the history of the Earth and the changes produced by life. However, a great deal of ...

The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent organism from which all organisms now living on Earth descend.[31] Thus it is the most recent common ancestor of all current life on Earth. The LUCA is estimated to have lived some 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago (sometime in the Paleoarchean era).[32][33] The earliest evidence for life on Earth is graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland[34] and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.[35][36] Although more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are estimated to be extinct,[6][7] there are currently 10-14 million species of life on Earth.[3] Information about the early development of life includes input from many different fields, including geology and planetary science. These sciences provide information about the history of the Earth and the changes produced by life. However, a great deal of ...

Ice loss from glaciers and ice caps is expected to cause more global sea rise this century than the massive Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. A startling new University of Colorado at Boulder study finds glaciers and ice caps currently contributing 60 percent of the worlds ice to the oceans, with the rate markedly accelerating in the past decade. The contribution is presently 100…

Polar bears inhabit the circumpolar Arctic and portions of the subarctic on sea-ice and along coastal areas and islands. Although they sometimes range into international waters, polar bears generally occur in areas under the jurisdiction of five countries: Canada, Greenland (Denmark), Norway, Russia, and the United States (Alaska). Scientists and managers recognize 19 relatively discrete subpopulations, two of which occur in the United States. The Chukchi/Bering Seas population is shared with Russia and the southern Beaufort Sea is shared with Canada.. Worldwide polar bear numbers are estimated at between 21,000 and 25,000 animals. In 2009, the best estimates of population size for the two U.S. populations provided in the stock assessment reports prepared by the FWS under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) were 1,500 bears for the Southern Beaufort Sea population and 2,000 bears for the Chukchi/Bering Seas population. However, the international Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) in early ...

Frequently Asked Questions U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Proposal to List Polar Bears as Threatened Species Where do polar bears live? Polar bears evolved to utilize the Arctic sea ice niche and are distributed throughout most ice-covered seas of the Northern Hemisphere, which include areas of the United States, Canada, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. They are generally limited to areas where the sea is ice-covered for much of the year. They are not evenly distributed throughout this Arctic habitat, nor do they comprise a single nomadic population, but rather occur in 19 relatively discrete populations. Scientists have described the boundaries of these populations based on behavioral and ecological factors and after decades of intensive scientific studies and information from Native communities. These populations often cross international boundaries; the United States, for example, shares polar populations with both Russia and Canada. Polar bears are most abundant near the shore in shallow-water ...

Category: World From www.nytimes.com. Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenlands massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry. One of the worlds largest deposits of rare earth metals - essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars - sits just outside Narsaq.. Find more articles like Melting Greenland Weighs Perils Against Potential - NYTimes.com. ...

Formålet med dette studiet var å kartlegge en rekke nye og etablerte persistente organiske miljøgifter og deres metabolitter i fettvev og blodprøver fra isbjørn (Ursus maritimus) på Svalbard. Analyser av fettvev og plasmaprøver fra isbjørn viste tilstedeværelse av forbindelser som rutinemessig blir analysert og andre mindre studerte forbindelser som polyklorerte naftalener (PCNs), toksafen, metabolitter, fenoler, bromerte flammehemmere (BFR) og perfluorerte alkylerte stoffer.

This cycle is occurring for multiple glaciers in the West Antarctic, on a massive scale that involves thousands of kilometers of ice. Although the collapse of the entire ice sheet may occur slowly in human terms of time, the result will be dramatic and directly significant for coastal communities. Glacial melting on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet alone may contribute as much as 1.2 meters to sea level rise by the year 2100, according to the Rignot study ...

Roman Myronovs Email. n****[email protected] Show email and phone number. Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine. Freelance Translator @ Sprin. Graduate Student @ V. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Contracted Full Stack Engineer @ thredUP. Copywriter @ Long Cat. Senior Software Engineer / Software Architect @ Diceus. Senior Software Engineer / Lead Engineer @ SnapStack. Software Architect (Ruby on Rails / Flask / Node.js / React / React Native / Elixir ) @ Syndicode. Senior Software Engineer @ Under NDA. Data Analyst @ V. Karazin Kharkiv National University.

article{e8eea27c-bd6d-4ad1-a0b0-261425a1c584, abstract = {Many Arctic regions are currently experiencing substantial summer and winter climate changes. Litter decomposition is a fundamental component of ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles, with fungi being among the primary decomposers. To assess the impacts of seasonal climatic changes on litter fungal communities and their functioning, Betula glandulosa leaf litter was surface-incubated in two adjacent low Arctic sites with contrasting soil moisture regimes: dry shrub heath and wet sedge tundra at Disko Island, Greenland. At both sites, we investigated the impacts of factorial combinations of enhanced summer warming (using open-top chambers; OTCs) and deepened snow (using snow fences) on surface litter mass loss, chemistry and fungal decomposer communities after approximately 1 year. Enhanced summer warming significantly restricted litter mass loss by 32% in the dry and 17% in the wet site. Litter moisture content was significantly reduced by ...

Its a supermoon eclipse, and many are calling it a Blood Moon eclipse. The January 20-21, 2019, total eclipse of the moon will be viewed from North and South America, Greenland, Iceland, Europe, northern and western Africa plus the Arctic regions of the globe.

Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus). Two female walruses on an ice floe. This large, gregarious relative of the seal has tusks that can reach a metre in length. Both the male (bulls) and female (cows) have tusks; the bulls use them in displays and fights when competing for dominance and access to cows. Both males and females use tusks to haul themselves onto ice or to create breathing holes. The walrus has inflatable pockets on either side of its oesophagus which it can fill with up to 50 litres of air for buoyancy. It dives to the ocean floor to feed on mussels, crabs, snails and starfish. The Atlantic walrus is found in two separate areas to the east and west of Greenland. Photographed on Baffin Island, Canada. - Stock Image Z936/0302

Effects of declining sea ice on polar bear energetics. Recent declines in sea ice have been linked to reductions in body condition, survival, and population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Reduced access to prey is hypothesized as the primary mechanism of sea-ice linked declines, but polar bears may also experience increased energy expenditure as they respond to changing sea ice composition and extent and prey distributions. As a result, information on the degree to which polar bears can balance food intake with energetic costs has become increasingly important.. A recently published study from this work found that metabolic rates of polar bears were 1.6 times higher than previously assumed. Importantly, this study also documented that low predation success by adult female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea during the spring coupled with high energetic costs resulted in a loss of ≥10% body mass of an 8-11 day period. Spring is typically a period of increasing body mass for polar bears, ...

Today, Ellesmere Island - which is adjacent to Greenland - is one of the coldest, driest environments on Earth and features tundra, permafrost, ice sheets, sparse vegetation and few mammals. The temperatures range from roughly minus 37 degrees F in winter (minus 38 C) to 48 degrees F (8 degrees C) in summer. During the Eocene, Ellesmere Island was probably similar in nature and climate to swampy cypress forests in the southeastern United States today. Eocene fossil evidence collected there in recent decades by various teams indicate the lush landscape hosted giant tortoises, aquatic turtles, large snakes, alligators, flying lemurs, tapirs, and hippo-like and rhino-like mammals. The average temperatures of the warmest month on Ellesmere Island during the early Eocene were from 66 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit (19-20 degrees C), while the coldest month temperature was about 32 to 38 degrees F (0-3.5 degrees C). ...

In 1814 the four-century union between Denmark and Norway abruptly ended when Denmark was forced to cede Norway to Sweden following the Napoleonic Wars. Norway also lost what had once been its own. Iceland and Greenland, settled by the Norse in the 9th and 10th centuries, would remain in Denmarks possession.. With the emergence of a national farm culture in Norway, and a growing awareness of the French and American Revolutions, a movement for Norwegian sovereignty gained momentum. Crown Prince Christian Frederik assembled a congress of Norwegian leaders in Eidsvoll to draft a Norwegian Constitution, which was signed on May 17, 1814. To this day Norway celebrates May 17, Constitution Day, as its most important national holiday.. The road to independence was not that easy though. The Swedes attacked Norway in July (The last war the Swedes have ever fought) leading to a ceasefire agreement in August. The treaty establish a personal union with Sweden, in which Norway recognized the authority of ...

So an omnivorous animal such as the pig, in the absence of a forest to forage, could do nothing but compete directly with humans with their food. And needing cover from the sun, they were high maintenance to boot.. The economic environment of the ancient Near East favoured the development of ruminants which could eat things that humans cant - scrub and grass - and turn them into protein for human consumption. If the land didnt have much wild game, then supporting hunting animals would represent a poor cost/benefit balance. People in the ancient Near East didnt need to keep hunting dogs in quite the same way that people in, for example, northern Europe did.. An outlying, old Norse colony in Greenland provides some clues about the status of dogs under different economic conditions. In its heyday, the people of this settlement seemed to regard their dogs with a great deal of affection, even burying them after death. So finding dog bones with butchery marks was a sign to archaeologists of an ...

Melting ice from mountain glaciers particularly in Asia, are having a much smaller effect on sea levels than previously thought, with a negligible mass loss over the last ten years.. The new study, published in Nature, used satellites to measure the loss of ice from ice caps and glaciers for the first time from 2003 to 2010.. Less than 120 out of more than 160,000 across the world have actually been measured because of the difficulty of accessing freezing and remote regions.. The results found that overall ice loss from ice caps and glaciers on land, excluding the huge ice caps on Greenland and Antarctica, is adding 0.4 millimeter per year to sea levels compared to previous projections that estimated 1 millimeter per year.. The change in estimates could account for the fact that the satellite is measuring ice much higher up the mountain range rather than concentrating on more accessible glaciers in warmer areas.. It comes after the Himalayagate scandal forced the Intergovernmental Panel on ...

Seriously. The stripped Tour de France winner was caught blood-doping, and what nailed him was isotopes, said scientist Bruce Vaughn, who should know. Hes got the most distinct business card from Boulder to Greenland: Stable Isotope Lab Manager at the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research at CU-Boulder. Or INSTAAR, for short. The steroids they were using were synthetic, so they have a different carbon isotopic signature than the ones your body would produce, said Vaughn, who could give Bill Nye a run for his isotopes when it comes to his enthusiasm for science. Isotopes, it turns out, are forensic smoking guns. They are unique atomic differences in water molecules that record past climate changes over hundreds of thousands of years in ice cores. It was a tool first conceived by the father of ice-core science, Willi Dansgaard. In the atmosphere, isotopes can act like a red dye tracer, revealing the sources of and sinks of greenhouse gases.. There is no problem so big it cant be solved with ...

Introduction. 1. Seabirds are being incidentally caught in various commercial longline fisheries in the world, and concerns are arising about the impacts of this incidental catch. Incidental catch of seabirds may also have an adverse impact on fishing productivity and profitability. Governments, non-governmental organizations, and commercial fishery associations are petitioning for measures to reduce the mortality of seabirds in longline fisheries in which seabirds are incidentally taken.. 2. Key longline fisheries in which incidental catch of seabirds are known to occur are: tuna, swordfish and billfish in some particular parts of oceans; Patagonian toothfish in the Southern Ocean, and halibut, black cod, Pacific cod, Greenland halibut, cod, haddock, tusk and ling in the northern oceans (Pacific and Atlantic). The species of seabirds most frequently taken are albatrosses and petrels in the Southern Ocean, northern fulmars in the North Atlantic and albatrosses, gulls and fulmars in the North ...

Edvard Bay was born on Jutland in Denmark and took the exam in zoology and geology at the University of Copenhagen.. In 1891-92 he participated as naturalist on the Danish Ryder expedition to the east coast of Greenland and he became enthralled by the Arctic. He joined Sverdrups Fram expedition to gain experience for his own arctic expedition which he was planning.. Bay was a popular and enthusiastic dog-sledge driver during the expedition and was regarded as a typical jovial Dane. Sverdrup remarked, however, in his diary that Bays enthusiasm seemed to decrease after the first two years. The zoologist apparently had a tendency to spend more and more time on the sofa and by the dinner table than outside. At the same time he wrote that the Dane was a friendly and good natured person.. During winter 1899-1900 the men established a meat depot some way from the Fram. When this was repeatedly visited by hungry polar bears, a guard was needed to stay there and to help the sledge groups who called in ...

Continental margin drill core and seismic data indicate that between 3.0 and 2.5 Ma, high-latitude climate cooling drove both the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets towards their present expanded cold polar state. Ice margins developed permanent marine termini with ice shelves. Direct physical sedimentary records of Antarctic Ice Sheet variability (e.g. ice-rafted debris, proximal glacimarine cycles) and more distal ocean records of sea-ice distribution (e.g. diatom palaeoecology), thermohaline circulation (e.g. sortable silt), ocean temperatures (e.g. δ18O), frontal dynamics and surface circulation (e.g. palaeoecological assemblages and sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstructions) all show a strong covariance with the 41 kyr cycle in Earths obliquity between 3 and 1 Ma. Glacial periods are characterised by northward expansion of seasonal sea ice, SSTs up to 6°C colder than now, equatorward migration of frontal zones by 5-10° latitude, intensification of zonal westerly winds, invigorated ...

Scientists have found more than 150,000 sites in the Arctic where methane is seeping into the atmosphere, according to a report published Sunday in the journal Nature Geoscience.. Aerial and ground surveys in Alaska and Greenland revealed that many of the methane seeps are located in areas where glaciers are receding or permafrost is thawing as the climate warms, removing ice that has trapped the potent greenhouse gas in the ground.. Researchers at the University of Alaska and Florida State University say the amount of methane being released from the seeps now is relatively small but could grow in coming decades as climate change intensifies, shrinking the ice that has prevented ancient deposits of the heat-trapping gas from reaching the atmosphere.. As permafrost thaws and glaciers retreat, it is going to let something out that has had a lid on it, said lead author Katey Walter Anthony of the University of Alaska.. Scientists have long known of the existence of methane seeps in the Arctic, ...

September 11, 2014 by Susan Clarke · Comments Off on FUN-photos: A&K Arctic Expedition On August 6th we flew from Amsterdam to Oslo. Our A&K trip started on the 7th with a city walking tour and a cocktail reception at the Polar Ship Fram Museum. It houses the original arctic expedition ship and considered the world´s strongest wooden ship. On June 24th 1893 the Fram set out on her first expedition to reach the North Pole. The expedition ended in 1896 and in 1898 the 2nd expedition sailed to survey northern Greenland and to explore and survey the unknown northeastern coast. They were supposed to return in 1901 but were surrounded by ice that never melted and finally returned in September 1902. The Fram made 2 remarkable pioneering expeditions.. We boarded Le Boreal in Longyearbyen, Svalbard and spent the first 4 days on excursions cruising around the archipelago in search of polar bears and wild life. And we got lucky! We found a mother and her cub on 2 different days. From there we cruised to ...

Iceland is an island in the stormiest region of the North Atlantic between Norway and Greenland. Two features control its weather and climate: it lies in the track most frequented by depressions throughout the year; it also lies in the path of the current of warm oceanic water called the Gulf Stream. As a result the weather is disturbed and changeable throughout the year but sea-level temperatures are surprisingly mild during the winter. The Arctic Circle just touches the north coast of Iceland. Inland, Iceland is mountainous with several volcanic peaks rising above 5,000 feet. These higher areas are covered with snow all year round and there are extensive ice fields at higher levels. Although very cold Arctic air occasionally affects Iceland in spring and winter and drifting ice may block some north coast inlets, the main port and capital (Reykjavik) is ice-free all year. Summers are generally cool and cloudy with brief spells of fine pleasant weather. Much of the winter precipitation is snow, ...

GENEVA ( 1 April 2021) - The UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) has published its findings on Denmark, including the self-governing territories of Greenland and the Faroe Islands, which it examined during its latest online session.. The findings contain positive aspects of how Denmark is implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. These include Denmarks recent amendments to the Criminal Code to redefine rape on the basis of lack of consent rather than use of force or threat.. The Committee, however, remained concerned in a number of areas and made the following recommendations:. ...

2019. 45. Scott, J.M., Smith, S.M.F., Tarling, M.S., Le Roux, P.J., Harris, C., Hoffmann, J.E., Scherzer, S., Tulley, C.J. (2019) Element and Sr-O isotope redistribution across a plate boundary-scale serpentinite shear zone, and implications for the slab-mantle wedge interface. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 522, 198-209.. 44. Tusch, J., Sprung, P., van de Löcht, J., Hoffmann, J.E., Boyd, A.J., Rosing, M.T., Münker, C. (2019) Uniform 182W isotope compositions in Eoarchean rocks from the Isua region, SW Greenland: the role of early silicate differentiation and missing late veneer. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 257, 284-310. 43. Marien, C.S., Hoffmann, J.E., Garbe-Schönberg, D., Münker, C. (2019) Petrogenesis of plagiogranites from the Troodos Ophiolite Complex, Cyprus. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 174:35. DOI: 10.1007/s00410-019-1569-3. 42. Schneider, K.P., Hoffmann, J.E., Münker, C., Roerdink, D., Sprung, P., Patyniak, M., Münker, C. (2019) Petrogenetic evolution of ...

Background Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal or early-life exposures to environmental contaminants may contribute to an increased risk of asthma and allergies in children.. Aim We explored associations of prenatal exposures to a large set of environmental contaminants with asthma and eczema symptoms in school-age children from a birth cohort in Greenland (n=572) and Ukraine (n=607).. Methods Data were collected by means of an interview-based questionnaire when the children were 6-9 years of age. Questions from the ISAAC study were used to define asthma, eczema, and wheeze. We applied principal components analysis (PCA) to sixteen contaminants in maternal serum sampled during pregnancy, including perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), metabolites of diethylhexyl (DEHP) and diisononyl (DiNP) phthalates, PCB-153 and p,p´-DDE. Scores of five components (PCs) explaining 70% of the variance were included in multiple logistic regression models.. Results The PC3 score (reflective of DEHP ...

This number, while huge, is still far below the governments massive quota of nearly 470,000 seals, even though reports suggest prices of $35 for the highest quality pelts. The Sealers Association is calling on the Canadian Government to do more to fight bans on the import of seal products in the U.S., Mexico, European Union, Russia and Taiwan. It has received $292,000 in government support to help create and sell new seal meat products.. In May 2014, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) rejected a further appeal by Canada and Norway and upheld the European Union s ban on imports of seal products from commercial hunts. This landmark ruling is final and means that the EU ban, introduced in 2010, does not breach rules on free trade.. However, this ban does contain exemptions for indigenous people in Canada, Greenland, Alaska and Russia that are allowed to trade seal products with the EU. Canada and Norway argued these exemptions were unfair to non-indigenous hunting communities and that the scale ...

Source: http://www.bloggernews.net/125266. What do we conclude when temperature proxies contradict both one another and real-world data?. We see here that a new proxy temperature measurement from South America shows the Medieval warm period and little ice age that Warmists like Michael Mann tried to ?iron out? of their ?hockey stick? graphs.. It also however shows a temperature upturn in the 20th century that exceeds the temperature observed in their proxy data for the Medieval warm period ? which contradicts what we certainly know about the Medieval warm period ? when the historical data that we have (Vikings farming in Greenland etc.) shows that period to be warmer than the present.. Additionally, we know that Briffa?s Russian pine tree proxies showed a now famous DECLINE in 20th century temperatures ? a decline that Phil Jones & Co. famously used a ?trick? to ?hide?. There is certainly no grounds from the thermometer readings to conclude that temperatures declined overall in the 20th century, ...