Autori: Nae M, Gazdaru D, Acasandrei A, Georgescu R, Macri B, Radu M. Editorial: Wiley, Journal of Peptide Science, 14(9), p.1003-1009, 2008.. Rezumat:. The fluorescence of tryptophan residues of gramicidin A (gA), bound to phosphatidylcholine liposomes contains valuable information about local changes in the environment of the molecule induced by gamma radiation. With this work, we aim to demonstrate that the gamma radiation effect on the peptide involves the action of free radicals, derived from water radiolysis and the process of lipid peroxidation. Basically, the methodology consists of the analysis of UV and fluorescence emission spectra of the peptide liposome complexes under control conditions and upon gamma irradiation. Free radical production was impaired by the removal of molecular oxygen or the presence of ethanol in the liposome suspension. The intensity of the tryptophan fluorescence was recorded as a function of the gamma radiation dose in the range of 0-250 Gy and the data were ...

Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids, which assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form a β-helix. Active against most Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative organisms, Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is also found in Polysporin ophthalmic solution.

A new method, providing a significant improvement in sensitivity, is presented for obtaining selective two-dimensional NMR correlation (COSY) spectra. The method is demonstrated on a small molecule having nonlinear optical properties and is further demonstrated by the precise determination of scalar coupling constants in the peptide gramicidin and in a 57 amino acid fragment of the nucleocapsid of the hepatitis C virus, In these systems we observe sensitivity improvements of between a factor of 2 and 6. In the case of the protein it was not practical to record the selective COSY spectra using conventional techniques. The method makes use of the recently introduced concept of `linear selective pulses which provide a simple way of obtaining pure-phase band selective excitation with an arbitrary shape for the response. In a selective 2D COSY experiment the relative sensitivity improvement provided by these pulses is cubed with respect to a 1D experiment. The resulting pulse sequences are highly ...

Structure of Gramicidin D-Rbcl Complex at Atomic Resolution from Low-Temperature Synchrotron Data: Interactions of Double-Stranded Gramicidin Channel Contents and Cations with Channel ...

(2,2-L-Serine)-gramicidin S | C48H84N12O12 | CID 195883 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.

The generation of wrinkle patterns in thin elastic shells has attracted an increasing interest in both fundamental studies and practical applications. A spatially confined elastica or a flat elastic sheet exhibit regular sinusoidal wrinkles in response to an imposed small compressive confinement. For larger compression, the deformation energy becomes localized in small regions which ultimately develop folds. We consider the case where an elastic shell with a non-zero natural curvature, placed on a fluid substrate bends and wrinkles without compression. We discuss how the curvature can be viewed as an effective confinement and investigate how global constraints and local morphologies of the curved shells control the transition from regular wrinkles to composition of wrinkles and folds or fold-like structures. Further, we discuss various new strategies for creating and controlling patterns in thin elastic shells with natural curvature ...

Abstract: The crumpling of precursor materials to form dense three dimensional geometries offers an attractive route towards the utilisation of minor-value waste materials. Crumple-forming results in a mesostructured system in which mechanical properties of the material are governed by complex cross-scale deformation mechanisms. Here we investigate the physical and mechanical properties of dense compacted structures fabricated by the confined uniaxial compression of a cellulose tissue to yield crumpled mesostructuring. A total of 25 specimens of various densities were tested under compression. Crumple formed specimens exhibited densities in the range 0.8-1.3 g cm−3, and showed high strength to weight characteristics, achieving ultimate compressive strength values of up to 200 MPa under both quasi-static and high strain rate loading conditions and deformation energy that compares well to engineering materials of similar density. The materials fabricated in this work and their mechanical ...

TY - CONF. T1 - Immobilised lipid monolayers to study membrane-mediated peptide function. AU - Lee, Tzong-Hsien. AU - Mozsolits, Henriette. AU - Wirth, Hans-Jurgen. AU - Aguilar, Mibel. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. M3 - Abstract. SP - 62. EP - 62. ER - ...

Knijnenburg AD, Tuin AW, Spalburg E, de Neeling AJ, Mars-Groenendijk RH, Noort D, Otero JM, Llamas-Saiz AL, van Raaij MJ, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Overhand ...

Video articles in JoVE about bilayer include Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer (SALB) Method, Automated Lipid Bilayer Membrane Formation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Film, Super-resolution Imaging of the Natural Killer Cell Immunological Synapse on a Glass-supported Planar Lipid Bilayer, Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting, Gramicidin-based Fluorescence Assay; for Determining Small Molecules Potential for Modifying Lipid Bilayer Properties, Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer, Single Molecule Methods for Monitoring Changes in Bilayer Elastic Properties, SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy, Reconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies, Multifunctional, Micropipette-based Method for Incorporation And Stimulation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in

The intracellular pH (pHi) optimum for glycolysis in Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt was determined to be 7.0 by use of the ionophore gramicidin for manipulation of pHi. Glycolytic activity decreased to zero as the pHi was lowered from 7.0 to 5.0. In contrast, glycolysis had an extracellular pH (pHo) …

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Periodic self-consistent density functional theory (DFT-GGA) calculations were used to study the adsorption of several atomic species, molecular species and molecular fragments on the Au(111) surface with a coverage of 1/4 monolayer (ML). Binding geometries, binding energies, and diffusion barriers were calculated for 27 species. Furthermore, we calculated the surface deformation energy associated with the binding events. The binding strength for all the analyzed species can be ordered as follows: NH 3 , NO , CO , CH 3 , HCO , NH 2 , COOH , OH , HCOO , CNH 2 , H , N , NH , NOH , COH , Cl,, HCO 3 , CH 2 , CN b HNO , O , F , S , C , CH. Although the atomic species preferred to bind at the three-fold fcc site, no tendency was observed in site preference for the molecular species and fragments. The intramolecular and adsorbate-surface vibrational frequencies were calculated for all the adsorbates on their most energetically stable adsorption site. Most of the theoretical binding energies and ...

Kratochvil HT, Maj M, Matulef K, Annen AW, Ostmeyer J, Perozo E, Roux B, Valiyaveetil FI, Zanni MT. Probing the Effects of Gating on the Ion Occupancy of the K+ Channel Selectivity Filter Using Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2017 ;139:8837-8845. ...

Kratochvil HT, Maj M, Matulef K, Annen AW, Ostmeyer J, Perozo E, Roux B, Valiyaveetil FI, Zanni MT. Probing the Effects of Gating on the Ion Occupancy of the K+ Channel Selectivity Filter Using Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2017 ;139:8837-8845. ...

Explore the truth about tryptophan side effects. L-tryptophan, contrary to expert advice, has a rather high toxicity profile. Tryptophan supplements can cause cancer, increases free radicals...

Ayala Cohen, Davide Raffaele Ceratti, Reshef Tenne, Yevgeny Rakita, Lior Snarski, Llorenc Cremonesi, Irit Goldian, Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri, Tatyana Bendikov, Vyacheslav Kalchenko, Michael Elbaum, Marco Alberto Carlo Potenza, Leeor Kronik, Gary Hodes, D Cahen Photobleaching, combined with several microscopy and spectroscopy approaches, was used in order to examine degradation and healing in the bulk and surface of three APbBr3 single crystals (A=methylammonium (MA); formamidinium (FA); or Cs). Significant differences were observed, depending on the location and the type of A cation: at the surface, self-healing was impeded by the escape of vaporization products. A passivation effect largely compensated for this in the case of the Cs system, but not for the other cations. In the bulk, the FA cation led to the fastest post-damage healing process whereas the Cs system showed the slowest healing rate. The MA system in some cases showed improvement under bleaching. In order to explain the observed bulk ...

Easy to read snippets and explanations on dermatology research. Learn about the role of diet in acne and the debate over paper or electronic prescriptions.

Gramicidin S or Gramicidin Soviet is an antibiotic that is effective against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as some fungi. It is a derivative of gramicidin, produced by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus brevis. Gramicidin S is a cyclodecapeptide, constructed as two identical pentapeptides joined head to tail, formally written as cyclo(-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-)2. That is to say, it forms a ring structure composed of five different amino acids, each one used twice within the structure. Another interesting point is that it utilizes two amino acids uncommon in peptides: ornithine as well as the atypical stereoisomer of phenylalanine. It is synthesized by gramicidin S synthetase. Gramicidin S biosynthetic pathway consists of two-enzyme of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs), gramicidin S synthetase I (GrsA) and gramicidin S synthetase II (GrsB), to give a product as a cyclic decapeptide. Within the biosynthetic pathway, there are total of five modules that specifically ...

Gramicidins bactericidal activity is a result of increasing the permeability of the bacterial cell wall allowing inorganic monovalent cations (e.g. H+) to travel through unrestricted, thereby destroying the ion gradient between the cytoplasm and the extracellular environment. That gramicidin D functions as a channel was demonstrated by Hladky and Haydon, who investigated the unit conductance channel. In general, gramicidin channels are ideally selective for monovalent cations and the single-channel conductances for the alkali cations are ranked in the same order as the aqueous mobilities of these ions. Divalent cations like Ca-2+ block the channel by binding near the mouth of the channel. So it is basically impermeable to divalent cations. It also excludes anions. Cl- in particular is excluded from the channel because its hydration shell is thermodynamically stronger than that of most monovalent cations. The channel is permeable to most monovalent cations, which move through the channel in ...

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the optimizing skeletal bones comprises thread parallelism for:implementing a Laplacican constraint by adding an energy term for the Laplacian constraint into deformation energy by adding: AX - X ^ 2 with : AX = 1 j .di-elect cons. I α j i .di-elect cons. I α i x i where I is a set of indices corresponding to the vertices involved, the αis are weights, and {circumflex over (X)} is a target position;implementing the balance constraint, if a determination shows to activate the balance constraint by adding:∥GV-g∥2 where G is a matrix which maps V, using the precomputed or precalculated bone masses and a projection onto a given floor, to a location of a barycenter of the skinned deformed skinned mesh, where V is a row vector; andimplementing length constraint by adding the energy term ( i , j ) .di-elect cons. bones ( v i - v j - L ij ) 2 where vi and vj are the position of joints i and j, respectively, and Lij is the original length of the skeletal bone (i, ...

Early diagnostic and treatment of prostate cancer could be achieved using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve tumor perceptibility. Nonetheless, performing intra-MRI interventions present significant challenges due to intense magnetic fields and limited patient access. This paper presents an MRI-compatible manipulator using elastically averaged binary pneumatic air muscles (PAMs) to orient a needle into a targeted region of the prostate under the command of a physician. The proposed manipulator is based on an all-polymer compliant mechanism designed to make a completely MRI-compatible positioning system. A model based on the PAMs deformation energy is used to design the manipulator so that its discrete workspace, stiffness, and size meet clinically relevant design requirements. The model is also used to study the motion of the device during a state shift. A laboratory prototype of the device shows that the covered workspace, stiffness, and size of the manipulator can meet clinical ...

Author: Kutzner, C. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published in Print: 2011-08-17; Open Access; Title: Computational Electrophysiology: The molecular dynamics of ion channel Permeation and selectivity in atomistic detail.

The biological ion channel gramicidin A (gA) was modified by synthetic means to obtain the tail-to-tail linked asymmetric gA-derived dimer com-pound3. Single-channel current measurements for 3in planar lipid bilayers exhibit an Eisenman I ion selectivity for alkali cations. The structural asymmetry does not lead to an observable functional asymmetry. The structure of 3in solution without and with Cs cations was investigated by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. In CDCl3 ⁄CD3OH (1 : 1, v⁄v),3forms a mixture of double-strandedb-helices.... ...

Flavivirus replication is mediated by a complex machinery that consists of viral enzymes, nonenzymatic viral proteins, and host factors. Many of the nonenzymatic viral proteins, such as NS4B, are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. How these membrane proteins function in...read more ...

Culverts, which are simply large diameter pipes, are used to channel water under roads, walkways or other structures. Culverts can be made from a variety of materials. Two of the most commonly used materials are corrugated metal and concrete.

Atlantic Wharf is a shining example of the confluence of sustainability, modern architecture, historic building reuse, and successful mixed-use development. As Bostons first sustainable high-rise in Boston, 30 floors of office space, 86 residential units, 6 stories of below grade parking and ground-level retail and public spaces that bring urban activity directly to the Fort Point Channel waters edge. Read More. ...

Մի խումբ մուլտիֆերմենտներ (պեպտիդ-սինթազ CepA, CepB և CepC) պատասխանատու են հեպտապեպտիդի կառուցման համար։ (Նկար 2) CepA, CepB և Cep C պեպտիդների կազմավորումը շատ նման է սուրֆակտինի (SrfA1, SrfA2 և SrfA3) և գրանիդինի (GrsA և GrsB) սինթեզին[42]։ Յուրաքանչյուր պեպտիդ սինթազ ակտիվացնում է տարբեր ամինաթթվային մնացորդներին համապատասխան կոդերը որպեսզի ակտիվանան դրանց համապատասխան դոմենները։ CepA-ն կոդավորում է 1, 2 և 3 մոդուլները։ CepB-ն կոդավորում է 4, 5 և 6 մոդուլները, իսկ CepC-ն կոդավորում է 7-րդ մոդուլը։ Հակաբիոտիկի կեսասինթեզի համար պատասխանատու տրիպեպտիդը գտնվում է բակտերիայի գենոմի ...

Brevibacillus brevis is a Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming bacillus commonly found in soil, air, water, and decaying matter. It is rarely associated with infectious diseases. The antibiotics gramicidin and tyrocidine were first isolated from it. Brevibacillus brevis forms Gram-positive (variable) rods with optimal growth of 35-55°C. It is a motile spore-former with positive catalase activity, amylase negative, casein negative, gelatinase positive, and indole negative, and most are citrate users. Some strains are capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide aerobically. Formerly known as Bacillus brevis, the species was reclassified into the genus Brevibacillus in 1996. Pearce, Paul. Laboratory Evaluation of Endoscope Water Bottles. EndoNurse. 2005. 17 Jun 2006 ...

Hydronium is the cation that forms from water in the presence of hydrogen ions. These hydrons do not exist in a free state - they are extremely reactive and are solvated by water. An acidic solute is generally the source of the hydrons, but hydronium ions exist even in pure water. This special case of water reacting with water to produce hydronium (and hydroxide) ions is commonly known as the self-ionization of water. The resulting hydronium ions are few and short-lived. pH is a measure of the relative activity of hydronium and hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. In acidic solutions, hydronium is the more active, its excess proton being readily available for reaction with basic species.. The hydronium ion is very acidic: at 25 °C, its pKa is approximately 0.[3][4][5] It is the most acidic species that can exist in water (assuming sufficient water for dissolution): any stronger acid will ionize and protonate a water molecule to form hydronium. The acidity of hydronium is the implicit standard ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A role for an inhibitory connexin in testis?. AU - Chang, Michelle. AU - Werner, Rudolf. AU - Dahl, Gerhard. N1 - Funding Information: The expert technical help by Audrey Llanes is appreciated. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants GM48610 (to G.D.) and GM40583 (to R.W.).. PY - 1996/4/10. Y1 - 1996/4/10. N2 - Functional expression of gap junction proteins can be obtained conveniently with the paired oocyte cell-cell channel assay. So far all gap junction proteins (connexins), with the exception of one, have been found to make: functional channels either by themselves or as hybrid channels (two hemichannels of different connexin composition). Connexin33 (cx33) appears not to follow this rule. Expression of cx33 in oocytes does not yield functional channels, and attempts to identify another connexin with which cx33 can form hybrid channels have failed so far. The observation was made that cx33 inhibits functional expression of other connexins in a ...

Page contains details about formamidinium lead iodide/methylammonium lead iodide-based perovskite solar cell . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com

Ramamurthy, AC and Sathyanarayana, S (1976) Novel aspects of adsorption of d-camphor 10-sulphonate ion at a mercury/solution interface. In: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 73 (2). pp. 253-259. ...

Richard Grosss research is focused on the chemical biology of member in health and disease. Biologic membranes are comprised of a structurally diverse array of thousands of distinct chemical entities in a bilayer configuration that are in constant motion providing a rich repertoire of chemical forces that can be used to modulate the conformation and function of transmembrane proteins such as ion channels and ion pumps. Through adaptation of a bilayer structure membranes serve as a hydrophobic scaffold for the organization of complex supramolecular chemical assemblies that are used in biologic systems as signaling platforms ...

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Presentation Fashion. This course is introduced as a (very massive) collection of dwell demonstrations being carried out in JetBrains CLion. Most demos are single-file, so youll be able to obtain the file connected to the lesson and run it in CLion, XCode or one other IDE of your alternative (or simply on the command line).. This course doesnt use UML class diagrams; all of demos are dwell coding.Who this course is for:. ...

One of the channels they studied, called TRPV1, reacts to hot temperatures -- about 100 degrees Fahrenheit. It is also responsible for the ability to sense spicy foods, such as chili peppers. A second channel, TRPV3, responds to temperatures of about 85 degrees. It also senses many food flavors such as those found in rosemary, oregano, vanilla and cinnamon that elicit a warm sensation.. When the TRPV1 and TRPV3 subunits recombine, the heteromeric channel is tuned to about 92 degrees. Surprisingly, the study showed that the hybrid channel has an even higher chemical sensitivity than the channels that made it up.. Zheng and his colleagues also showed that channels made up of TRPV1 and TRPV3 subunits react to heat at a rate about midway between that of the two constituent channel subunits. But repeatedly exposing the hybrid channels to their target temperature boosted their response, a behavior called sensitization, which TRPV3 also exhibits.. It says I remember this temperature. I will make a ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Low-dimensional formamidinium lead perovskite architectures via controllable solvent intercalation. AU - Shin, Mingue. AU - Kim, Joonyun. AU - Jung, Young Kwang. AU - Ruoko, Tero petri. AU - Priimagi, Arri. AU - Walsh, Aron. AU - Shin, Byungha. N1 - Funding Information: The work at KAIST was supported by Nano Material Technology Development Program (Green Nano Technology Development Program) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2018M3A7B4065662) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (No. NRF-2018R1A5A1025594). The work at Yonsei was supported by the Creative Materials Discovery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT (2018M3D1A1058536). The work at ICL was supported by the Royal Society and the Leverhulme Trust. Via our membership of the UKs HEC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is ...

Photo-activation of the hydrophobic membrane probe 1, 5 iodonaphthylazide (INA) by irradiation with UV light (310-380 nm) results in the covalent modification of transmembrane anchors of membrane proteins. This unique selectivity of INA towards the transmembrane anchor has been exploited to specifically label proteins inserted in membranes. Previously, we have demonstrated that photo-activation of INA in enveloped viruses resulted in the inhibition of viral membrane protein-induced membrane fusion and viral entry into cells. In this study we show that photo-activation of INA in various cell lines, including those over-expressing the multi-drug resistance transporters MRP1 or Pgp, leads to cell death. We analyzed mechanisms of cell killing by INA-UV treatment. The effects of INA-UV treatment on signaling via various cell surface receptors, on the activity of the multi-drug resistance transporter MRP1 and on membrane protein lateral mobility were also investigated. INA treatment of various cell lines

A study of voltage fluctuations in bilayer lipid membranes during electroporation and under current-clamp conditions is presented. Qualitative considerations based on the electroporation theory are used in order to explain the phenomenon on long time scale. Indeed, the current-clamp condition induces a feedback mechanism on the pore formation and therefore on the macroscopic conductance. Voltage fluctuations can thus be recorded. These fluctuations are nonstationary long-living and have a flicker power spectrum over nearly four decades of frequency between about 10-2 and 102Hz. The study of the fluctuations in the time domain has been performed by introducing an electrical model of the system formed by the membrane and the circuit under current-clamp configuration. The analysis of the time series gives a characteristic time of 100ms for the circuitry response to the fragments of electroporation signals with characteristic times faster than 100ms. During electroporation, the response to an ...

EMMX proudly develops novel molecules and reagents to drug discovery and cancer research. We are scientists driven by a devotion to discovery and innovation, and we work hard every day to find new ways to streamline life science research.. ...

Free energy profiles for binding of TRF1 and TRF2 to telomeric DNA.Dashed green lines show the boundaries between the three defined bound states and the unbound

A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.

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Efficient Optical Amplification in the Nanosecond Regime from Formamidinium Lead Iodide Nanocrystals, P. Papagiorgis, A. Manoli, L. Protesescu, C. Achilleos, M. Violaris, K. Nicolaides, T. Trypiniotis, M.I. Bodnarchuk, M.V. Kovalenko, A. Othonos, G. Itskos*, ACS Photonics, 5, 907, (2018), https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01159. ▪ Long-Lived Hot Carriers in Formamidinium Lead Iodide Nanocrystals, P. Papagiorgis, L. Protesescu, M.V. Kovalenko, A. Othonos, G. Itskos*, Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, 12434, (2017), https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02308. ▪ Suppressing Deep Traps in PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots via Facile Iodide Substitutional Doping for Solar Cells with Efficiency >10%, A. Stavrinadis, S. Pradhan, P. Papagiorgis, G. Itskos, G. Konstantatos, ACS Energy Letters 2, 739, (2017), https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00091. ▪ The Influence of Doping on the Optoelectronic Properties of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids, P. Papagiorgis, A. ...

Dnsity functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the highly selective cis-1,4-polymerization of butadiene catalyzed by a cationic rare-earth metal complex bearing an ancillary PNP ligand. It has been found that the chain initiation and propagation of butadiene polymerization occurs via the favorable cis-1,4-insertion route. The trans-1,4 and 1,2-insertion are unfavorable both kinetically and thermodynamically. The chain growth follows the π-allyl-insertion mechanism. The analyses of energy decomposition of transition states indicate that the likelihood of rival insertion pathways is predominantly controlled by the interaction energy of butadiene with a metal center and the deformation energy of butadiene moiety. The electronic factor of the central metal has a decisive influence on the cis- vs. trans-insertion and the regioselectivity (cis-1,4- vs. cis-1,2-insertion) is mainly determined by steric hindrance. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) coordination made monomer insertion less favorable

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The design, synthesis, modeling and in vitro testing of channel-forming peptides derived from the cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels are part of an ongoing research focus. Over 300 different sequences have been prepared based on the M2 transmembrane segment of the spinal cord glycine receptor α-subunit. A number of these sequences are water-soluble monomers that readily insert into biological membranes where they undergo supramolecular assembly, yielding channels with a range of selectivities and conductances. Selection of a sequence for further modifications to yield an optimal lead compound came down to a few key biophysical properties: low solution concentrations that yield channel activity, greater ensemble conductance, and enhanced ion selectivity. The sequence NK[subscript]4-M2GlyR T19R, S22W (KKKKPARVGLGITTVLTMRTQW) addressed these criteria. The structure of this peptide has been analyzed by solution NMR as a monomer in detergent micelles, simulated as five-helix bundles ...

To understand the way a protein functions it is important to consider its cellular environment. About 25 % of genes encode membrane proteins, and furthermore membrane proteins are targets for ~50 % of marketed drugs. Signalling mechanisms of membrane receptors involve subtle conformational changes of these proteins [1]. Therefore it is of paramount importance from a biological and pharmaceutical point of view to elucidate the dynamics of these macromolecules in their native lipid environment. The use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations represents the first natural choice to investigate such functional dynamics [2,3], providing an atomistic description of the interactions at work. Furthermore, the growing number of experimental structures released over the last fifteen years has represented a further stimulus for computational investigations [4]. Thus, taking also advantage of modern hardware we may enhance our understanding of membrane protein functions and the role of specific lipid/protein ...

The fluorescence decay of membrane lipid bilayer probes are influenced by the environment of the probe and therefore by the properties of the bilayer in which it resides. Traditionally the fluorescence decay has been analyzed in the form of a multi-exponential. Analysis in the form of continuous distributions can provide a useful alternative to this approach since it introduces a new parameter, the distributional width. The physical basis underlying the distributional width, the fluorophore environmental heterogeneity, arises from organizational aspects, compositional diversity and solvent effects. The sampling of environmental heterogeneity will depend on the intrinsic fluorescence lifetime, the lipid rate of motion and fluorophore charge and shape factors. We have found a good correlation of the distributional width with a number of bilayer properties. Thus as we increase the complexity of a bilayer the distributional width becomes broader, in order, from a single phospholipid molecular ...

143846-20-2 - Protease inhibitor, bacillus brevis - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Communications to the Editor. T2 - Free Energy Profile of a 310- to α-Helical Transition of an Oligopeptide in Various Solvents. AU - Smythe, Mark L.. AU - Huston, Shawn E.. AU - Marshall, Garland R.. PY - 1993/12/1. Y1 - 1993/12/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0027135626&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1021/ja00077a067. DO - 10.1021/ja00077a067. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0027135626. VL - 115. SP - 11594. EP - 11595. JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society. JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society. SN - 0002-7863. IS - 24. ER - ...

The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

Full Article (PDF). Abstract. Until now, traditional academic research on Japanese Gardens has not discussed the relationship between everyday life and scenic gardens. In this study, the conventional preconception and division in traditional academic research between niwa (yards/courtyards) and teien (scenic gardens), whereby the purpose of niwa is practical and that of teien is appreciation of open space, is thought to be incomplete. We focus on some ponds in niwa in Kyoto City whose sources are the man-made water system (canals and rivers). A detail analysis of the local topography and neighborhoods about water systems is analyzed here; as to how they channel water in from the surrounding water systems. As a result, the relationship of these systems to the gardens is described in terms of the activity and everyday life in a neighborhood. As a result, using water in a garden is a secondary use for man-made rivers and canals; a necessary part of creating a comfortable life. In other words, ...

Now, if you already have a driveway you have to find alternatives for a drainage system. 12. Anatomy of a French Drain: A typical French drain consists of a perforated pipe-usually flexible lightweight plastic-sheathed by a fabric sock to keep dirt and sand from clogging the pipe. By having a drainage system you make sure that the water is diverted away from the house. In fact, a French drain doesnt require an inlet on just one end either. Also, figure in whatever slope you need to get to the low spot. Often theres a slope approaching the house, a depression in the yard that causes pooling, or excess roof water draining next to the foundation. Call your local utilities or 811. Driveway Drains. A creek bed like this can channel water away from a low spot or direct runoff into a rain garden or dry well. The sock (Photo 7) is typically sold in 100-ft. lengths. tube, 3 in. The problem could be as simple as a downspout or sump pump discharge thats draining into a low area of your yard. They reduce runoff

Rain chains are a gorgeous alternative to a traditional gutter downspout. This one features hand-crafted copper flowers to channel water to the ground.

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Are you aware of these common GMO myths? During October, GMO Answers encourages you to Get to Know GMOs-ask your toughest questions and join the conversation online.

Are you aware of these common GMO myths? During October, GMO Answers encourages you to Get to Know GMOs-ask your toughest questions and join the conversation online.

Recent field-scale tests of GMO wheat designed to repel aphids have shown the new GMO crop to be nearly completely ineffective.. ...

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Health & Wellness · GMO is Different When it comes to genetic engineering, that barrier among species dissolves. Genes are usually... (nTells)