Define Gossypium barbadense. Gossypium barbadense synonyms, Gossypium barbadense pronunciation, Gossypium barbadense translation, English dictionary definition of Gossypium barbadense. Noun 1. Gossypium barbadense - small bushy tree grown on islands of the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of the southern United States; yields cotton...

Understanding the evolutionary genetics of modern crop phenotypes has a dual relevance to evolutionary biology and crop improvement. Modern upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was developed following thousands of years of artificial selection from a wild form, G. hirsutum var. yucatanense, which bears a shorter, sparser, layer of single-celled, ovular trichomes (fibre). In order to gain an insight into the nature of the developmental genetic transformations that accompanied domestication and crop improvement, we studied the transcriptomes of cotton fibres from wild and domesticated accessions over a developmental time course. Fibre cells were harvested between 2 and 25 days post-anthesis and encompassed the primary and secondary wall synthesis stages. Using amplified messenger RNA and a custom microarray platform designed to interrogate expression for 40,430 genes, we determined global patterns of expression during fibre development. The fibre transcriptome of domesticated cotton is far more dynamic

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signal transduction pathways in all eukaryotic organisms. MAPKKKs (MAPK kinase kinases) operate at the top levels of these cascades. Recently, this family of genes has been systematically investigated in Arabidopsis, rice and maize, but has not yet been characterized in cotton. In this study, we identified 78 putative MAPKKK genes in the genome of the diploid cotton, Gossypium raimondii. They were classified into three subfamilies, of which 12 were ZIK, 22 were MEKK and 44 were Raf. The ZIK and MEKK genes displayed a scattered genomic distribution across 11 of the 13 chromosomes, whereas Raf genes were distributed across the entire genome. Their conserved patterns observed for introns and additional domains were consistent with the evolutionary relationships inferred from the phylogenetic analysis within subfamily. Transcriptome sequencing data were used to investigate their transcript profiles in mature leaves, 0 day and 3 days post

Measurement or estimation of leaf area is essential for understanding crop responses to experimental treatments. The objective of this study was to develop regression models for estimating leaf area of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from measurements of leaf dry weight (LDW), vegetative components (stems and leaves) dry weight (VDW) and plant height (PH). Three cotton cultivars (Deltapine 25, Sahel and Siokra 324) with different leaf morphologies were grown under varying growth conditions created by four different planting dates in a temperate sub-humid environment (Gorgan, Iran). Leaf area, LDW, VDW and PH were measured at one month after emergence, squaring, flowering, bolling, boll opening and second harvest. Data set for validation was collected during growing season of 2003 in different experiments. Measured leaf area ranged from 170 to 8167 cm2 plant -1. Different regression models were examined for describing leaf area relationships to LDW, VDW and PH. It was found that the power

Genome sequence plays an important role both in basic and applied studies. Gossypium raimondii, the putative contributor of the D subgenome of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum), highlights the need to improve the genome quality in a rapid and efficient way. Here, we performed Hi-C ...

Weeds burden plant growth as they compete for space, sunlight, and soil nutrients leading to 25-80% yield losses. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a widely used broad spectrum non-selective herbicide that controls weeds by inhibiting 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme and interfering with the shikimate biosynthesis pathway. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most important commercial crops grown worldwide for its fiber. We have developed herbicide tolerant transgenic cotton (cv. P8-6) by introgression of a codon-optimized and modified EPSPS gene (CP4-EPSPS) possessing an N-terminal chloroplast targeting peptide from Petunia hybrida. Because of the recalcitrant nature of cotton, a genotype-independent non-tissue culture-based apical meristem-targeted in planta transformation approach was used to develop transformants. Although in planta transformation methodologies are advantageous in developing a large number of transgenic plants, effective screening

The invention relates to the novel cotton variety designated 04T048. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants, plant parts and derivatives of the cotton variety 04T048. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the cotton variety 04T048 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing cotton plants by crossing the cotton variety 04T048 with itself or another cotton variety and plants produced by such methods.

Define Gossypium. Gossypium synonyms, Gossypium pronunciation, Gossypium translation, English dictionary definition of Gossypium. Noun 1. Gossypium - herbs and shrubs and small trees: cotton genus Gossypium dilleniid dicot genus - genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and...

Robust information of genetic diversity among Bt cotton genotypes is still lacking and availability of several marker systems has prompted us to compare their utility for the detection of genetic diversity. Here, we report the comparative efficiency of morphological and molecular markers (EST-SSRs and ISSRs) in determining the genetic diversity among 30 Pakistani Bt cotton genotypes. Three different dendrograms based on 20 EST-SSRs, 13 ISSRs and 20 morphological markers divided the 30 Bt cotton genotypes into five, six, and three clusters, respectively. EST-SSRs and ISSRs revealed 0.73-1.00 and 0.77-0.97 genetics similarity among Bt cotton genotypes which indicated low level of genetic diversity. Further population structure analysis showed extensive allelic admixture among Bt cotton cultivars and identified three (EST-SSRs) and six (ISSRs) subgroups. The MGHES-31 (EST-SSRs) and UBC-807 and UBC-815 (ISSRs) showed maximum values of Polymorphic Information Contents(PIC) and Dj and had low value of Cj. The

ESTATE CROPS NEWS - Cotton production areas in Indonesia are arable land with lack of water availability. The aim of this study was to obtain cotton lines tolerant to drought using PEG-6000 at germination stage. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Testing Laboratory in Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, from April to June 2012.. Treatments were arranged in a Split Plots design with two replications. The main plot was PEG-6000 (-3 bar) and without PEG-6000 (water), while the subplot was 13 cotton lines and Kanesia 14 variety. Seed cotton was treated with 80% Mancozeb fungicide dose of 2g/kg seed before sowing. Parameters observed were germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and root weight, ratio of root/shoot length, and drought susceptibility index. Seedling was counted as normal if its length more than 0.5 cm. PEG-6000 treatment gives very significant effect on the decline on seed germination, shoot and root length, shoot and root weight. Otherwise, ...

Cotton is the worlds primary fiber crop and is a major agricultural commodity in over 30 countries. Like many other global commodities, sustainable cotton production is challenged by restricted natural resources. In response to the anticipated increase of agricultural water demand, a major research direction involves developing crops that use less water or that use water more efficiently. In this study, our objective was to identify differentially expressed genes in response to water deficit stress in cotton. A global expression analysis using cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism was conducted to compare root and leaf gene expression profiles from a putative drought resistant cotton cultivar grown under water deficit stressed and well watered field conditions. We identified a total of 519 differentially expressed transcript derived fragments. Of these, 147 transcript derived fragment sequences were functionally annotated according to their gene ontology. Nearly 70 percent of transcript derived

A chromosome-specific recombinant inbred line (CS-B05shRIL) population was created from a cross of TM-1, the genetic standard line of Gossypium hirsutum L., and CS-B05sh, a previously released interspecific chromosome substitution line in which all of the chromosome pairs are genetically similar to those of TM-1, except for the short arm of chromosome 5, which is substituted from 3-79 (G. barbadense L.). Four of the fifty CS-B05shRILs were selected and released on the basis of their improved elongation ranging from 7.37 to 7.84%. The four selected RILs are identified as CS-B05shRIL-93 (Reg. No. GP-1014, PI 677339), CS-B05shRIL-68 (Reg. No. GP-1013, PI 677337), CS-B05shRIL-66 (Reg. No. GP-1012, PI 677336), and CS-B05shRIL-10 (Reg. No. GP-1011, PI 677334).The fiber properties among the CS-B05ShRILs were compared with those of commercial cultivars DP 393 and PHY 370 WR, which had elongations of 6.86 and 6.25%. Commercial lines performed better for agronomic traits than the released lines. Fiber ...

Cotton varieties expressing Cry proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are grown worldwide for the management of pest Lepidoptera. To prevent non-target pest outbreaks and to retain the biological control function provided by predators and parasitoids, the potential risk that Bt crops may pose to non-target arthropods is addressed prior to their commercialization. Aphids play an important role in agricultural systems since they serve as prey or host to a number of predators and parasitoids and their honeydew is an important energy source for several arthropods. To explore possible indirect effects of Bt crops we here examined the impact of Bt cotton on aphids and their honeydew. In climate chambers we assessed the performance of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) when grown on three Indian Bt (Cry1Ac) cotton varieties (MECH 12, MECH 162, MECH 184) and their non-transformed near isolines. Furthermore, we examined whether aphids pick up the Bt

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors affecting crop growth and limiting production worldwide. Cotton genotypes vary in drought tolerance, and the effects of drought stress on the anatomy and physiology of cotton leaves and roots have been reported. However, information on physiological and metabolic processes of leaves and flowers of modern cotton cultivars under water-deficit stress during reproductive development is not well elucidated. It was hypothesized that water-deficit stress during squaring and flowering stages would impair stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, which consequently would result in osmotic adjustment through accumulation of compatible solutes, increased activity of enzymes, and perturbation of carbohydrates metabolism in leaves and flowers of cotton plants, and differences in drought tolerance among the genotypes would exist. Therefore, field and growth room experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of water-deficit stress during

Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) had been previously isolated from cotton fiber but their functions were unclear so far. Bioinformatic analysis of the tetraploid cotton genome database identified 138 nsLTP genes, falling into the 11 groups as reported previously. Different from Arabidopsis, cacao, and other crops, cotton type XI genes were considerably expanded and diverged earlier on chromosome At11, Dt11, and Dt08. Corresponding to the type XI genes, the type XI proteins (GhLtpXIs) all contained an extra N-terminal cap resulting in larger molecular weight. The research revealed that the expression of type XI genes was dramatically increased in fibers of tetraploid cotton compared with the two diploid progenitors. High-level of GhLtpXIs expression was observed in long-fibered cotton cultivars during fiber elongation. Ectopic expression of GhLtpXIs in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced trichome length, suggesting that GhLtpXIs promoted fiber elongation. Overall, the findings of this

A stain-clearing method, which facilitated the analysis of large numbers of ovules, was developed using methyl salicylate (MS) and azure C, and used with real-time video imaging and image capture. The ability to modulate contrast and illumination intensity using video made it feasible to reduce stain intensity and thus light interference from the specimen. Samples stained and cleared were used as whole mounts which allowed the specimen to be oriented for precise analysis. Of 440 semigamous zygotes examined 439 had one egg and one sperm nucleus resulting from syngamy without karyogamy indicating semigamy is completely expressed. All phenotypes observed in semigamous cotton seedlings appear to arise as products of zygote division. Haploid and tetraploid sectors may result from relative spindle positions, orientation, and the tendency for nearby telophase chromosomes to form a common nucleus. Semigamous endosperm nuclei are triploid, but fusion was never observed. Endosperm may be a result of ...

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The glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy kinase (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase with important roles in animals. Although GSK3 genes have been studied for more than 30 years, plant GSK genes have been studied only since the last decade. Previous research has confirmed that plant GSK genes are involved in diverse processes, including floral development, brassinosteroid signaling, and responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, 20, 15 (including 5 different transcripts) and 10 GSK genes were identified in G. hirsutum, G. raimondii and G. arboreum, respectively. A total of 65 genes from Arabidopsis, rice, and cotton were classified into 4 clades. High similarities were found in GSK3 protein sequences, conserved motifs, and gene structures, as well as good concordance in gene pairwise comparisons (G. hirsutum vs. G. arboreum, G. hirsutum vs. G. raimondii, and G. arboreum vs. G. raimondii) were observed. Whole genome duplication (WGD) within At and Dt sub-genomes has been central to the expansion of the

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

Due to fast spread of genetically modified (GM) Bt-cotton, organic farmers in India were suddenly exposed to a severe shortage of non-GM seed threatening the organic cotton production. Therefore, organic cotton grower organisations got engaged in decentralized participatory cotton breeding to develop their own locally adapted cultivars and to reintroduce the traditional more robust Desi cotton species. By engaging and training advisors and farmers using participatory methods, they became researchers and breeders. The close collaboration with the textile industry ensures that the market demand is also met. Training of male and female farmers in cultivar selection and seed propagation made them independent from global seed companies. Participatory breeding is an important tool to get prepared for future challenges like climate change and at the same time strengthens the relationship along the value chain. The project can serve as a successful model for other organisations and crops. ...

Brako, L. and Zarucchi, J.L. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: 1-1286.. CDC (Centro de Datos para la Conservación). 1998. Estado de conservación de Puya raimondii (Harms): evaluación y sugerencias para un plan de acción. CDC-Bolivia (Centro de Datos para la Conservación/TROPICO), La Paz.. Fjeldså, J. and Kessler, M. 1996. Conserving the biological diversity of Polylepis woodlands of the highland of Peru and Bolivia. NORDECO, Copenhagen.. Givnish, T.J. Millam, K.C., Evans, T.M., Hall, J.C., Pires, J.C., Berry, P.E. and Sytsma, K.J. 2004. Ancient vicariance or recent long distance dispersal? Inferences about phylogeny and South American - African disjunction in Rapateaceae and Bromeliaceae based on n dhF sequence data. International Journal of Plant Sciences 165: S35-S54.. Hartmann, O. 1981. Puya raimondii cada vez son menos. Boletín de Lima 10: 79-83.. Horres, R., Zizka, G., Kahl, G. and ...

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Cotton On Eagle Button Down Shirt, Cotton On Smart Watch, Cotton On Clubmaster Glasses styled by Stephen Garcia in Stay Classic-see looks like this and more on LOOKBOOK.

I had a reader send me this experience, stressing the importance of using organically grown cotton roots. I am writing concerning your section on cotton root bark. (I am writing from my friends e-mail account, Im not actually male. :) ) In any case, I would like to add a strong prohibition on using cotton root bark from standard agricultural sources (chemical laden farming, as you had written). I live in Memphis, directly across the Mississippi from the cotton fields of Arkansas. Three years ago I became very frightened of pregnancy, having had irresponsible sex during my fertile time. I read up in my herbal books, trucked myself over to Arkansas and dug roots. I peeled roots for an hour and made a mild tea because I had no dosage knowledge and began with the very smallest amount of root I could snip away. Within an hour I had cold chills, shakes, and I had my period two days later. This may *seem* like success, but during the time I was in my comforter with the chills and shaking I was *very ...

Cultivated Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is a partially diploidized allotetraploid species with relatively low levels of genetic diversity. Genetic gain through traditional breeding approaches is thus impeded. The wild species of the primary and secondary gene pools of cotton are approachable sources of agronomic traits of interest, but biological, cytogenetic, genetic and reproductive incompatibilities can impede progress. Genomic markers can alleviate certain difficulties, and expedite selective transfer of exotic species germplasm into one or more elite genotypes of a crop species. Coordinated development of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSLs) using markers can in principle lead to complete representation of an alien genome in a cultivated crop. Co-released with the CottonSNP63K Array, a BeadChip array for high-throughput genotyping of cotton, was a cluster file designed to facilitate automated genotype-calling germplasm from the primary genepool. Reported here is a new ...

The international research team led by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and BGI have completed the genome sequence and analysis of a diploid cotton- Gossypium raimondii. The cotton genome provides an invaluable ...

Cotton Plant, Cotton Root Bark, Cotonnier, Gossypium Album (Ham.), Short Staple, Gossypium Nigrum, Ham., Sea Island cotton.. ...

Virescence, as a recognizable phenotype in the early development stage of cotton, is not only available for research on chloroplast development and photosynthesis but also for heterosis exploitation in cotton. In current study, for fine mapping of virescent-1 (v1) in cotton, three populations with a total of 5 678 individuals were constructed using T582 which has the virescent trait. Tobacco rattle virus, TRV1 and TRV2 (pYL156), were used as vectors for the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay. The v1 gene was fine-mapped to a 20 kb interval on chromosome 20 of tetraploid cotton. We identified only one candidate gene with four single nucleotide polymorphisms between parents, among which the single nucleotide polymorphism at the position of 1 082 base pair caused the change of amino acid residue from Arg (3-79) to Lys (T582). The relative expression of the candidate gene in virescent plants was extensively lower than that in normal plants. Nullification of the gene by VIGS significantly turned the

Abstract (provisional) Background Cotton is the worlds most important natural textile fiber and a significant oilseed crop. Decoding cotton genomes will provide the ultimate reference and resource for research and utilization of the species. Integration of high-density genetic maps with genomic sequence information will largely accelerate the process of whole-genome assembly in cotton. Results In this paper, we update a high-density interspecific genetic linkage map of allotetraploid cultivated cotton. An additional 1,167 marker loci have been added to our previously published map of 2,247 loci. Three new marker types, InDel (insertion-deletion) and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) developed from gene information, and REMAP (retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism), were used to increase map density. The updated map consists of 3,414 loci in 26 linkage groups covering 3,667.62 cM with an average inter-locus distance of 1.08 cM. Furthermore, genome-wide sequence analysis was

PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

Cotton Leaf Curl Disease is among the most destroying viral catastrophe that causes tremendous loss to cotton yield particularly in Pakistan during the past 20

Interpretive Summary: A comparison of P and Q strains of Trichoderma virens for efficacy as biocontrol agents of cotton seedling diseases showed that Q strains gave good control while P strains did not. Tests in non pathogen-infested soil with P and Q strain treated seeds, showed that P strains were pathogenic to susceptible cotton cultivars, while Q strains were not. Assays of the strains for phytotoxin production, lytic enzyme activity, metabolism of pathogen germination stimulants, and induction of fungitoxic compounds in cotton roots, showed that both P and Q strains were the same, except for induction of fungitoxins. The results showed that Q strains induced high levels of fungitoxins in cotton roots, while P strains did not. These data indicate that while both groups are weak pathogens of cotton, induction of fungitoxins by the Q strains inhibits their further development in the plant, while failure of the P strains to induce phytotoxins in the roots allows them ...

Knowledge of the inheritance of disease resistance and genomic regions housing resistance (R) genes is essential to prevent expanding pathogen threats such as Fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (FOV) Atk. Sny & Hans] in cotton (Gossypium spp.). We conducted a comprehensive study combining conventional inheritance, genetic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, QTL marker-sequence composition, and genome sequencing to examine the distribution, structure and organization of disease R genes to race 1 of FOV in the cotton genome. Molecular markers were applied to F(2) and recombinant inbred line (RIL) interspecific mapping populations from the crosses Pima-S7 (G. barbadense L.) × Acala NemX (G. hirsutum L.) and Upland TM-1 (G. hirsutum) × Pima 3-79 (G. barbadense), respectively. Three greenhouse tests and one field test were used to obtain sequential estimates of severity index (DSI) of leaves, and vascular stem and root staining (VRS). A single resistance gene model was ...

Topics: Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Plant Biology, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, cotton aphid management strategies, 3- year survey, aphid-parasitoid interactions, aphid parasitoids, parasitoid community-associated assemblage, Xinjiang cotton fields, parasitism levels, parasitoid species, cotton fields, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, cotton seedling period ...

The Gossypium hirsutum cv. Liaomian No. 9 were mutagenized by 60Co γ ray, from which the mutant line Zhonghuzhi PI 935 (be called PI 935 for short) was bred by family selection method. The PI 935 not only has some good traits (growing period, drought tolerance, lint color and fiber quality) similar to the original cultivar, but also has higher lint outturn and lint yield than that of the Liaomian No. 9. The PI 935 has been identified and regional tested in nine places times for four years in the southern Xinjiang Weiwuer autonomous region. It was shown that the PI 935 had the higher lint outturn for the average 47.3 % was ten-point percentage more than that of the check cultivars (Junmian No. 1 or Xinluzhong No. 5 ) , the similar lint yield by and large and the growing period by five days later than that of the checks. The PI 935 was collected in the National Bank of Crop Germplasm (u-nified No. ZM 114274 and named Zhonghuzhi PI 935).

L. Lin, Pierce, G. J., Bowers, J. E., Estill, J. C., Compton, R. O., Rainville, L. K., Kim, C., Lemke, C., Rong, J., and Tang, H., A draft physical map of a D-genome cotton species (Gossypium raimondii), BMC genomics, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 395, 2010. ...

L. Lin, Pierce, G. J., Bowers, J. E., Estill, J. C., Compton, R. O., Rainville, L. K., Kim, C., Lemke, C., Rong, J., and Tang, H., A draft physical map of a D-genome cotton species (Gossypium raimondii), BMC genomics, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 395, 2010. ...

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and between 6000 BC and 5000 BC in the Indus Valley Civilization. Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led ...

Description: Plant architecture is an important agronomic trait driven by meristematic activities. Indeterminate meristems set repeating phytomers while determinate meristems produce terminal structures. The centroradialis/terminal flower1/self pruning (CETS) gene family modulates architecture by controlling determinate and indeterminate growth. Cotton (G. hirsutum) is naturally a photoperiodic perennial cultivated as a day-neutral annual. Management of this fiber crop is complicated by continued vegetative growth and asynchronous fruit set. Here, cotton CETS genes are phylogenetically and functionally characterized. We identified eight CETS genes in diploid cotton (G. raimondii and G. arboreum) and sixteen in tetraploid G. hirsutum that grouped within the three generally accepted CETS clades: flowering locus T (FT)-like, terminal flower1/self pruning (TFL1/SP)-like, and mother of FT and TFL1 (MFT)-like. Over-expression of single flower truss (GhSFT), the ortholog to Arabidopsis FT, accelerates ...

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If GE cotton fields are not soaked with insecticides and non-GE cotton fields are soaked with insecticides, the GE cotton fields will have more living insects of all types. This is kind of obvious. The null hypothesis is what happens when you compare insect populations on GE and non-GE cotton fields without any application of any insecticides on either field. This is a classic example of the experimenter putting his thumb on the butchers scale and then getting exactly the result they predicted. It is not science; it is marketing.. ...

In the scope of our ongoing researchers on antioxidant compounds, twenty four extracts and fractions obtained from Piper arboreum Aublet and Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) were screened for radical scavenging capacity (RSC) by using DPPH colorimetric assay. The strongest activity was found in ethyl acetate fractions from the leaves of P. arboreum (IC50 = 5.70 μg/mL) and P. tuberculatum (IC50 = 8.40 μg/mL). Hydromethanol fractions of the leaves of P. tuberculatum and P. arboreum showed moderate RSC, with values of IC50 (μg/mL) of 11.9 and 19.2, respectively. Additionally, a brief phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate fraction of P. arboreum leaves affording quercetin (1) and quercitrin (2), two flavonols with antioxidant activity previously described in the literature ...

Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling has been well studied in Arabidopsis. Most reports focus on the role of JA in biological pathways, such as stress resistance, trichome initiation and anthocyanin accumulation. The JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) protein is one of the important repressors in the JA signaling pathway. Previous studies showed that JA functions in fiber initiation and elongation, but little is known about how JAZ genes function in fiber development. In this study, a cotton JAZ protein (GhJAZ2) containing a highly conserved TIFY motif and a C-terminal Jas domain was identified, and its function during cotton fiber development was analysed. Gene expression analysis showed that GhJAZ2 was preferentially expressed in the root, hypocotyl, flower and ovule 1 day before anthesis. Overexpression of GhJAZ2 inhibited both lint and fuzz fiber initiation, and reduced the fiber length. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that GhJAZ2 interacted with the R2R3-MYB transcription factors GhMYB25-like and GhGL1, the bHLH

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Additional file 6 of Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic basis of fiber quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Aphis gossypii Glover is a major pest of cotton and can severely affect cotton yield and lint quality. In this study, the efficacy of sulfoxaflor applied via drip irrigation and foliar spray on controlling cotton aphids was evaluated in 2016 and 2017 in Xinjiang, China. The distribution of sulfoxaflor in cotton roots, stems, leaves, and aphids, as well as its effects on two natural enemies of aphids, were also investigated. Results showed that sulfoxaflor applied through drip irrigation mainly concentrated in leaves and provided effective control of cotton aphids for 40 days, compared to 20 days when applied through foliar spray. Furthermore, drip application resulted in much lower sulfoxaflor concentrations in aphids than foliar spray. As a result, ladybird beetle and lacewing populations were higher in drip applied plants than in foliar sprayed plants. Additionally, the cost of drip irrigation was lower than foliar spray as cotton plants are commonly irrigated via drip irrigation in Xinjiang. Our

Drought is a major environmental stress that reduces cotton yield and fiber quality. Due to the inherent difficulties of studying fiber tissue and the lack of markers to monitor the fiber development, little is known about the molecular processes that are critical to the formation of high quality fiber and the association of these processes with drought tolerance in cotton (their performance under drought). In 2011-2012, we studied the impacts of drought on fiber development and fiber quality traits, using transgenic cotton plants harboring a cellulose synthase A1 (CesA1) genepromoter and a GUS reporter construct. CesA1 is a critical gene for fiber secondary cell wall development. This promoter-reporter system allows us to monitor molecular changes inside fiber cell during fiber development. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and other instruments were employed to examine structural changes of fiber cell during secondary cell wall synthesis. Fiber quality traits of mature fibers were ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Viability and germination of seeds of Puya raimondii Harms (Bromeliaceae). AU - Vadillo, Giovana. AU - Suni, Mery. AU - Cano, Asunción. PY - 2004/1/1. Y1 - 2004/1/1. N2 - Puya raimondii Harms is an endemic species of the highlands of Peru and Bolivia between 3200 to 4800 m of altitude with noticeable great size and beauty. It is considered threatened species; therefore it is urgent to know the factors that affect its viability and germination of their seeds; aspects focused work presently. The seeds were collected in 1999 and 2000 in Huashta Cruz (Pueblo Libre, Ancash, Peru) and they classified as lots (considering their origin and appearance). They were determined their moisture content and the viability (quality). By means of germination tests, it was evaluated in 5 lots the effect of the light and temperature. The seeds presented different viability which depended on the conditions they were exposed in situ and that it is correlated inversely with its content of humidity, ...

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of cotton fibers harvested at different stages of development were acquired using Universal Attenuated Total Reflectance FTIR (UATR-FTIR). The main goal of the study was to monitor cell wall changes occurring during different phases of cotton fiber development. Two cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. were planted in a greenhouse (Texas Marker-1 and TX55). O ...

Presented by M di-T. GOSSYPIUM.. Gossypium herbaceum, L. (include G. album, Ham., short staple, and G. nigrum, Ham., Sea Island cotton).. Natural order, Malvace . Common name, Cotton plant.. Preparation, Tincture of the root.. Authority. Dr. W. Williamson; proving by a lady (dose not mentioned); Hahnemannian Monthly, 4, 315.. MIND. ► Uneasiness and anxiety, with sighing.. HEAD. ► Pain, first drawing, then stinging, extending from both temporal bones to middle of frontal bone. ► Stinging pain in head, going from forehead to vertex. ► Knocking pain in right parietal bone.. EYE. ► Drawing pain over the eyes, with stinging pain in the pupils.. NOSE. ► Both nostrils swollen and inflamed, the left one most.. MOUTH. ► Taste of bad (rotten) eggs (similar to the taste produced by large doses of Hepar. sulph., and is that of sulphuretted hydrogen); better after breakfast.. THROAT. ► Tonsils much swollen, the right one most.. STOMACH. ► Nausea, with accumulation of saliva in mouth. ...

In this study, waste cotton fabric was used as cellulose raw material and pretreated in aqueous NaOH/urea solution system to investigate the effect of NaOH/urea pretreatment solution on the hydrolysis of cotton fiber. The cotton fiber was pretreated with different conditions of aqueous NaOH/urea solution, and the pretreated cotton fiber was hydrolyzed under the same conditions as the original cotton fiber. The results of characterization analysis showed that water retention value of pretreated cotton fiber was higher than that of unpretreated sample. Moreover, the cotton fiber presented both a convoluted structure and a coarser surface, XRD results suggested that the crystallinity degree of cellulose decreased dramatically, more cellulose II appeared, and the hydrogen bond is broken. Among the different pretreatment conditions, the pretreatment effect was the best when the reaction temperature was 0°C, the solid-liquid ratio was 2:50, and the NaOH/urea ratio was 7:12. The hydrolysis

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Oxydendrum arboreum, commonly called sourwood or sorrel tree, is a deciduous understory tree that is native to the eastern United States from Pennsylvania south to Florida and Louisiana. It is perhaps most commonly found on rocky wooded slopes in the Appalachian Mountains, often growing in combination with other heath family members (e.g., azaleas and rhododendrons) that share the same acidic soil preferences. In cultivation, it typically grows 20-25 tall with a straight, slender trunk and narrow oblong crown. In the wild, it may reach 50-60 tall. Gray bark on mature trees is fissured, ridged and scaly. Finely-toothed, glossy green leaves (to 5-8 long) are reminiscent of peach. Leaves have a sour taste, hence the common name. Leaves produce consistently excellent fall color, typically turning crimson red. Waxy, lily-of-the-valley-like, white flowers bloom on slender, drooping, one-sided terminal panicles (4-8 long) in early summer. Flowers have a slight fragrance. Flower panicle stems ...

Rhododendron arboreum, traditionally used as a folk remedy by the people of North-East India was investigated for its effects on apoptotic induction and cell c...

Cottonseed oil is a cooking oil extracted from the seeds of cotton plants of various species, mainly Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum, that are grown for cotton fiber, animal feed, and oil. Cotton seed has a similar structure to other oilseeds such as sunflower seed, having an oil-bearing kernel surrounded by a hard outer hull; in processing, the oil is extracted from the kernel. Cottonseed oil is used for salad oil, mayonnaise, salad dressing, and similar products because of its flavor stability. Its fatty acid profile generally consists of 70% unsaturated fatty acids (18% monounsaturated, and 52% polyunsaturated), 26% saturated fatty acids. When it is fully hydrogenated, its profile is 94% saturated fat and 2% unsaturated fatty acids (1.5% monounsaturated, and 0.5% polyunsaturated). According to the cottonseed oil industry, cottonseed oil does not need to be hydrogenated as much as other polyunsaturated oils to achieve similar results. Gossypol is a toxic, yellow, polyphenolic ...

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Citation: Bowling, A.J., Vaughn, K.C., Turley, R.B. 2010. Polysaccharide and glycoprotein distribution in the epidermis of cotton ovules during early fiber initiation and growth. Protoplasma. 248:579-590. Interpretive Summary: Cotton is our most important fiber crop but little is known of the early events associated with fiber initiation and elongation. To investigate this, scientists in the Southern Weed Science Research Unit and Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit probed initiating cotton fibers with antibodies that recognize components of the cell wall. These studies indicate that cotton fibers are differentiated from adjacent non-fiber cells with respect to pectin and protein components as early as one day post the opening of the flower. From these data, we could predict the enzyme machinery responsible for the differentiation of the fiber cells from the non-fiber cells and will use these data to determine genes of importance in fiber development. Technical Abstract: The cotton fiber ...

Cotton aphids can be a persistent problem in Louisiana cotton throughout the growing season. The cotton aphid is considerably variable in size and color with adults and nymphs ranging from yellow to green to black with winged and wingless forms appearing in mixed populations throughout a field. Cotton aphids have piercing-sucking mouth parts that allow them to feed on the phloem of developing cotton plants. Phloem is primarily composed of carbohydrates and contains little amino acids requiring aphids to continuously feed to satisfy their amino acid requirements. As a result of constant feeding, aphids must excrete large amounts of waste termed honey dew that has a very high sugar content and facilitates the growth of sooty mold fungi. Large amounts of sooty mold can coat the surface of leaves blocking sunlight and interfering with photosynthesis. Honey dew, when deposited on open bolls, can also cause sticky cotton resulting in ginning problems.. Cotton aphids prefer cooler temperatures and ...

All cotton especially 2-gene cotton varieties (Bollgard II, Widestrike, and TwinLink) should be scouted for bollworms, these technologies have seen worms make it through the Bt proteins over the last few years throughout the Cotton Belt. Cotton varieties with 3 Bt genes (Bollgard III, Widestrike 3, and TwinLink Plus) should still be scouted for live worms. When checking fields for bollworms we need to check not only the terminal of the plant for young larvae, but also need to be checking squares, bolls, and bloom tags for larvae and/or feeding damage.. The economic threshold or bollworm varies based on the crops growth stage. In fields that have not started blooming the economic threshold is 8 or more worms ¼ or larger per 100 plants, or when population threaten to reduce square retention below 80 percent. Once fields start blooming the economic threshold is 6 percent damaged squares and/or bolls with worms present.. Stink bugs have been found in older cotton on the western side of Hill ...

Field evaluation of foliar and soil insecticides for the control of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) on potatoes in Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic. 7(5): 667- 675 ...

Cotton bales made from raw cotton after processing of ginning and pressing. Raw cotton goes in ginning for gin process in which first cleaning process happen on raw cotton. Then removing moisture from cotton than after cotton lint separate from cotton seeds. Cotton seed goes in oil mil for extracting oil from it and cotton lint in pressing unit. Pressing unit press the cotton lint and make standard size of cotton bale. Our Cotton bales are very suitable for transportation from nation to nation. Modern cotton production has evolved in time to become highly mechanized. It is truly a worldwide market.. ...

Uzbekistan has abruptly recalled thousands of school teachers, college students and healthcare workers from cotton fields, halting a practice condemned abroad as forced labor, government officials and other sources told Reuters on Friday.

Longevity and competence were studied in planulae of several species of Red Sea soft corals, including the zooxanthellate planulae of Litophyton arboreum, Nephthea sp. and Xenia umbellata, and the azooxanthellate planulae of Parerythropodium fulvum fulvum and Dendronephthya hemprichi. The relationship between presence of zooxanthellae in the planulae and their competence, longevity and caloric content was examined. Planulae of X. umbellata and D. hemprichi had the longest competency of 76 and 74 d, respectively, planulae of P. f. fulvum were competent for a maximal period of 64 d, and planulae of L. arboreum and Nephthea sp. showed a similar competency of 57 d. The highest longevity of 155 d was found in planulae of X. umbellata. Planulae of P. f. fulvum, D. hemprichi and L. arboreum had maximum longevities of 76, 81 and 92 d, respectively. No significant differences existed between the competence or longevity of the zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate planulae. The ratio of the maximum values of ...

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In stock on April 8 2021. All the parts are there and in place. To add the cotton balls I simply tore some pieces from a large pinecone to attach to the back of each cotton ball with a dab of hot glue and then once dry I used another bit of hot glue to attach each one to my stems. Carefully aim your cotton ballaway from people. 5 out of 5 stars 1012 295. Well Im loving the trend too. DomeStar Cotton Stems Natural Dried Cotton 8 Packs Total 15 Bolls Cotton Sprigs Cotton Blooms Floral Stems for Vase Fillers 44 out of 5 stars 297 1298 12. Here is one natural cotton boll along two DIY ones. Stems 5 6 inches. The cotton is white with very little to no blemish. This garland gives a fresh clean look to any space and would look lovely on the mantle over the cabinets or strung on the stairs. Take one of the tied cotton bolls. After you have your cotton balls glued to your stem open the bag of potpourri and find all of the dried nut hulls or shells. Cotton balls look highly realistic in their brown pods. ...

BACKGROUND: Normalizing through reference genes, or housekeeping genes, can make more accurate and reliable results from reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Recent studies have shown that no single housekeeping gene is universal for all experiments. Thus, suitable reference genes should be the first step of any qPCR analysis. Only a few studies on the identification of housekeeping gene have been carried on plants. Therefore qPCR studies on important crops such as cotton has been hampered by the lack of suitable reference genes.. RESULTS: By the use of two distinct algorithms, implemented by geNorm and NormFinder, we have assessed the gene expression of nine candidate reference genes in cotton: GhACT4, GhEF1alpha5, GhFBX6, GhPP2A1, GhMZA, GhPTB, GhGAPC2, GhbetaTUB3 and GhUBQ14. The candidate reference genes were evaluated in 23 experimental samples consisting of six distinct plant organs, eight stages of flower development, four stages of fruit ...

Punjabs production is estimated at around 10.9 million bales while Sindhs is at around 3 million bales.. In the last crop season, Punjab produced more than 8 million bales while Sindhs production remained at three million bales. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan produced 0.001.2m bales and 0.043m bales, respectively.. He said no step has been proposed from government quarters to protect the crop from mealy bug damage in lower Sindh areas and mealy bug and CLCV damage to the countrys largest cotton belt in Punjab.. Sattar stated that around 65 percent of the total cultivation in the country was BT type cotton. Nearly 90 percent of this type is cultivated in Sindh and about 50 percent is cultivated in Punjab.. The rains and virus attack reduced the size of the cotton crop by 15-20 percent and adversely affected the quality of the crop, he asserted.. A senior trader and member of the Karachi Cotton Association, Ghulam Rabbani,said there was no scientific mechanism to make a correct assessment ...

This testimony concerned the work of NIOSH in the field of controlling worker exposure to cotton dust. Chronic conditions associated with cotton dust inhalation, including byssinosis, contribute to a large extent to the total number of the respiratory system diseases found in the labor force. NIOSH supported OSHA in proposing a standard consistent with the strategy of protecting the respiratory he

The University of Arizonas Dr. Judith Brown, who has extensive expertise in plant pathology (virology and vector biology), says, Cotton blue disease has been associated with the exotic Cotton leafroll dwarf virus in Argentina and Brazil. The virus is thought to be endemic in Africa or Asia and has spread to South America only recently. During 2017, an aphid-transmitted polerovirus, was identified for the first time infecting cotton plants in Alabama.. During the Cotton Disease Council session at the 2019 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Auburn University plant pathologist Dr. Kathy Lawrence provided the Alabama backstory about cotton blue disease. She says she was first alerted to a problem in the field on Aug. 29, 2017, in a phone call from Drew Schrimsher, an agronomist with Agri-AFC. He asked her come to the field to see the cotton leaf deformation that looked a lot like herbicide damage but was not.. On Aug. 31, we loaded up and went to visit Drew in the cotton field, Lawrence says. We ...

Plant annexins show distinct differences in comparison with their animal orthologues. In particular, the endonexin sequence, which is responsible for coordination of calcium ions in type II binding sites, is only partially conserved in plant annexins. The crystal structure of calcium-bound cotton annexin Gh1 was solved at 2.5Šresolution and shows three metal ions coordinated in the first and fourth repeat in types II and III binding sites. Although the protein has no detectable affinity for calcium in solution, in the presence of phospholipid vesicles, we determined a stoichiometry of four calcium ions per protein molecule using isothermal titration calorimetry. Further analysis of the crystal structure showed that binding of a fourth calcium ion is structurally possible in the DE loop of the first repeat. Data from this study are in agreement with the canonical membrane binding of annexins, which is facilitated by the convex surface associating with the phospholipid bilayer by a calcium ...

Acharya TP, Welbaum GE, Arancibia RA (2020). Low tunnels reduce insect populations, insecticide application, and chewing insect damage on brussels sprouts. Journal of Economic Entomology 113:2553-2557. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa154 Bodhe TS, Mukherji P (2013). Selection of color space for image segmentation in pest detection. In: International Conference on Advances in Technology and Engineering (ICATE), Jan 23-25, 2013, Mumbai, India pp 1-7. Boissard P, Martin V, Moisan S (2008). A cognitive vision approach to early pest detection in greenhouse crops. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 62:81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2007.11.009 Chen J, Fan YY, Wang T, Zhang C, Qiu ZJ, He Y (2018). Automatic segmentation and counting of aphid nymphs on leaves using convolutional neural networks. Agronomy 8:1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080129 Gao XK, Xue H, Luo JY, Ji JC, Zhang LJ, Niu L, … Cui JJ (2020). Molecular evidence that Lysiphlebia japonica regulates the development ...

Wendel, J.F. (1995) Cotton Gossypium (Malvaceae) (358-366), in Smartt, J. & Simmonds, N.W. (eds.), Evolution of crop plants. 2. ed Longman Sci. & Techn. Harlow ...

This testimony contains information on the effects of cotton dust exposure. Recommendations for medical surveillance, environmental control, environmental monitoring, informing the worker, work practices, and respiratory protection for workers exposed to cotton dust have been transmitted to OSHA as a Draft Technical Standard under the NIOSH/OSHA Standards Completion Program. Chronic respiratory di

Surveys for Verticillium wilt in 142 cotton fields in 1981 to 1983 and 1985 indicated that the disease is widespread in the Guadalquivir Valley, southern Spain, where it occurs in 80.0 to 82.5% of the fields. Verticillium wilt was most prevalent in the upper valley in the 1981 to 1983 surveys and in the lower valley in the 1985 survey. Analyses of dry soil samples collected in spring 1985 by means of an Andersen sampler detected Verticillium dahliae propagules in 35.1% of the fields surveyed. lnoculum density in soil was much higher in the lower valley (average 37.1 CFU/g) than in the upper and central areas of the valley (average 4.7 CFU/g). The increasing importance of the disease in the lower valley corresponds to the spread of a defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae in this area during the early 1980s. Two groups of isolates, including 100 mild nondefoliating and 90 severe defoliating, were distinguished among 191 isolates by means of morphological, physiological, and pathogenicity tests. The ...

Phytophagous insects with wide host ranges often exhibit host-associated genetic structure. We used microsatellite analysis to assess the population structure of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a serious pest on many economically important crops worldwide. We sampled aphids from five host plant species in Iran and detected strong population subdivision, with an overall multilocus FST of 0.191. The matrix of pairwise FST values indicated that differentiation between populations collected from different hosts was significantly stronger than between populations from the same hosts. Host-associated differentiation was further supported by Bayesian clustering analyses, which grouped all samples from cotton together with aubergine, and all samples from cucumber together with pumpkin and hibiscus. This adds to the growing body of evidence that many seemingly generalist aphids are in fact an assemblage of host-specialized lineages. Although we detected a clear genetic ...

Accessions of Gossypium spp., some of them never previously tested, were evaluated for resistance to a local isolate of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 in greenhouse experiments. Nematode infection was characterized based on the galling and egg mass indexes and the reproduction factors (RF). Root-knot nematode reproduction among the newly tested accessions varied from highly susceptible (AS0188, AS0189) to moderately resistant (MT123 no. 3), and some accessions showed highly reduced nematode reproduction (CIR1343, CIR1348, Fai Mui). Histological observations of two resistant accessions (G. barbadense CIR1348 and G. hirsutum TX-25, respectively) showed that resistance occurs through a two-stage mechanism in the first accession and through a single-stage mechanism in the second. Parasitism is blocked early after second-stage juvenile (J2) penetration or during its initial tissue migration (CIR1348) and the development of later-stage juveniles into female adults is suppressed at a later stage (TX-25 ...

According to a new ILO report, systematic or systemic child labour and forced labour were not exacted by the government of Uzbekistan during the 2018 cotton production cycle. Reforms announced by the government are having an impact, yet there are still many challenges with implementation at the local level.

CORVALLIS - To help separate fact from myth about the production of hemp - touted by some as a miracle crop and by others as an evil, pernicious drug - an Oregon State University researcher has studied the feasibility of cultivating hemp as a fiber crop in the Pacific Northwest and concluded it may have some potential if it overcomes major obstacles.. Hemp, or cannabis sativa, can be manufactured into everything from fine cloth to auto parts, and concentrations of the psychoactive ingredient, THC, are too low in fiber hemp to produce a high.. The OSU study of scientific literature just published by the OSU Agricultural Experiment Station found that several conditions must be met before hemp could ever become a crop in this region.. First, it must become legal to grow hemp as a fiber crop; then it must be researched, developed and studied like any other potential new crop; and it must be able to compete with other fiber crops on the market, including wood fiber from the forest ...

Ben-Yephet, Y., Z.R. Frank, J.M. Malero-Vero, and J.E. DeVay. 1989. Effect of crop rotation and metham-sodium on Verticillium dahliae. Pages 543-546 in Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants: Basic Studies and Control. Tjamos, E.C. and C.H. Beckman, (eds). Springer-Verlag, New York. Butterfield, E.J. and J.E. DeVay. 1977. Reassessment of soil assays for Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathol. 67:1073-1078.. Davis, J.R., O.C. Huisman, D.T. Westerman, S.L. Hafez, D.O. Everson, L.H. Sorensen, and A.T. Schneider. 1996. Effects of green manures on Verticillium wilt of potato. Phytopathol. 86:444-453.. Heffer, V. and R. Regan. 1995. Verticillium wilt of ash. The Digger. June: 48-49.. Hiemstra, J.A. and D.C. Harris (eds.). 1999. A Compendium of Verticillium Wilt in Tree Species. Ponsen & Looijen, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 80 pp.. Kabir, Z., R. G. Bhat, and K. V. Subbarao. 2004. Comparison of media for recovery of Verticillium dahliae from soil. Plant Dis. 88:49-55.. MacGuidwin, A.E. and D.I. Rouse. 1990. Role ...

Since 1996 we have witnessed a steady increase, particularly in the United States, in the use of transgenic Bt crops for insect control. Because of the escalation of Bt corn hybrids and Bt cotton varieties that express Cry proteins, conventional insecticide applications have been reduced considerably for several key insect pests. Recently released estimates by the USDA Economic Research Service reveal that 59% of all corn planted in Illinois during 2009 was a stacked hybrid. In 2009, stacked cotton varieties were planted on 48% of the cotton acres in the United States. For a complete report, please go to www.ers.usda.gov/Data/BiotechCrops. To date, Bt soybean varieties have not been commercialized; however, some transgenic Bt lines of soybean have been examined for their effectiveness against lepidopteran insect pests. In this months issue of the Journal of Economic Entomology (Vol. 102, No. 4, pp. 1640-1648), entomologists Robert M. McPherson and Ted C. MacRae, Department of Entomology, ...

The demand of high strength of cotton fibers has been increased dramatically with the advent of modern high speed spinning technology for producing yarn. Cotton fiber is a gigantic single cell which consists of almost pure cellulose.

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(2014) Shan et al. Nature Communications. Cotton fibres are unusually long, single-celled epidermal seed trichomes and a model for plant cell growth, but little is known about the regulation of fibre cell elongation. Here we report that a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factor, ...

The BXN™ cotton line was genetically engineered to express tolerance to oxynil herbicides, including bromoxynil and ioxynil. Oxynil herbicides act by blocking electron flow during the light reaction of photosynthesis, inhibiting cellular respiration in dicotyledonous plants. Oxynil herbicides applied at rates recommended for effective weed control are toxic to conventional cotton varieties. The modified cotton line BXN™ contains the bxn gene for oxynil tolerance, and allows farmers to use oxynil herbicides for weed control in the cultivation of cotton ...

Business Standard News: Director Report : Sri Nachammai Cotton Mills Director Report, Sri Nachammai Cotton Mills updates and more at Business Standard news.