TY - JOUR. T1 - Biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and glycosphingolipids by synchronized KB cells. AU - Chatterjee, Subroto. AU - Sweeley, Charles C.. AU - Velicer, Leland F.. PY - 1973/9/18. Y1 - 1973/9/18. N2 - The biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids and various types of proteins and nucleic acids at specific periods of the cell cycle was studied by using synchronized KB cells. Maximum incorporation of radioactive galactose, leucine and thymidine into several proteins and nucleic acids occurred as has been reported previously (6,11). Maximum incorporation of D-1[14C] galactose into glycosphingolipids was observed during the M and G-1 phases. There was a 5 fold increase in the levels of gangliosides and combined neutral glycosphingolipids during the M and G-1 phases. Thus, regulated biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids and macromolecules might be important in the cyclic expression of some of the functional properties which are characteristic of these compounds.. AB - The biosynthesis of ...

Sphingolipids have been accorded numerous biological functions however, the effects of feeding a western diet (diet rich in cholesterol and fat) on skin phenotypes, and color is not known. Here, we observed that chronic high-fat and high-cholesterol diet intake in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (ApoE−/−) decreases the level of ceramides and glucosylceramide. At the expense of increased levels of lactosylceramide due to an increase in the expression of lactosylceramide synthase (GalT-V). This is accompanied with neutrophil infiltration into dermis, and enrichment of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) protein. This causes skin inflammation, hair discoloration and loss, in ApoE−/− mice. Conversely, inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis, by D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), unbound or encapsulated in a biodegradable polymer (BPD) reversed these phenotypes. Thus, inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis represents a unique therapeutic approach

ABO blood antigens on the human pink blood cell membrane in addition to completely different cells in numerous human tissues have been completely studied. Anti-A and -B antibodies of IgM are current in serum/plasma, however blood group-specific glyco-antigens havent been extensively described. On this research, we carried out complete and quantitative serum glycomic analyses of varied glycoconjugates and free oligosaccharides in all blood teams. Our complete glycomic method revealed that blood group-specific antigens in serum/plasma are predominantly current on glycosphingolipids on lipoproteins fairly than glycoproteins. Expression of the ABO antigens on glycosphingolipids relies upon not solely on blood sort but in addition on secretor standing.. Blood group-specific glycans in serum/plasma had been labeled as sort I, whereas these on RBCs had completely different buildings together with hexose and hexosamine residues. Evaluation of free oligosaccharides revealed that low-molecular-weight ...

For more information on Neural Glycosphingolipids please browse our online Glycobiology Analysis Manual.

Even though only about 5 mol% glycosphingolipids are found in cellular membranes, glycosphingolipids are essential during development, as a lack of these lipids was embryonically lethal in mice. A mutant cell line GM95 deficient in these lipids, was derived from the pigmented mouse melanoma cells MEB4. The first observation was ... read more that pigmentation is lost in the mutant glycosphingolipid-deficient GM95 cells. This was caused by mislocalisation of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in pigment synthesis. We were able to locate the sorting signal in the lumenal domain of melanocytic proteins. Subsequently, we found that a lumenal determinant, pH, was less acidic in the TGN and lysosomes of mutant GM95 cells compared to the wild-type MEB4 cell line. Interestingly, the pH in both organelles of GM95 was comparable to HeLa cells and mouse fibroblasts. Therefore, it is the wild-type MEB4 cell line that has an abnormally low pH in its TGN and lysosomes. A similar low pH was found in a ...

Glycosphingolipids are involved in the first steps of virus-cell interaction, where they mediate specific recognition of the host cell membrane. We have employed total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy to explore the interaction kinetics between individual unlabeled noroviruslike particles, which are attached to a glycosphingolipid-containing lipid bilayer, and fluorescent vesicles containing different types and concentrations of glycosphingolipids. Under association equilibrium, the vesicle-binding rate is found to be kinetically limited, yielding information on the corresponding activation energy. The dissociation kinetics are logarithmic over a wide range of time. The latter is explained by the vesicle-size-related distribution of the dissociation activation energy. The biological, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic relevance of the study is briefly discussed.. ...

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are essential constituents of cell membranes and lipid rafts and can modulate signal transduction events. The contribution of GSLs in osteoclast (OC) activation and osteolytic bone diseases in malignancies such as the plasma cell dyscrasia multiple myeloma (MM) is not known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pathological activation of OCs in MM requires de novo GSL synthesis and is further enhanced by myeloma cell-derived GSLs. Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitors, including the clinically approved agent N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), prevented OC development and activation by disrupting RANKL-induced localization of TRAF6 and c-SRC into lipid rafts and preventing nuclear accumulation of transcriptional activator NFATc1. GM3 was the prevailing GSL produced by patient-derived myeloma cells and MM cell lines, and exogenous addition of GM3 synergistically enhanced the ability of the pro-osteoclastogenic factors RANKL and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to induce

Structure elucidation of glycosphingolipids and gangliosides using high-performance tandem mass spectrometry.: Glycosphingolipids and gangliosides have been inv

PAG (phosphoprotein associated with GEMs), also known as Cbp (Csk-binding protein), is a ubiquitously expressed 46 kDa transmembrane adaptor protein present in membrane rafts (glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains), which however migrates on SDS PAGE gels anomalously as an 80 kDa molecule. Following tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases, PAG binds and thereby activates the protein tyrosine kinase Csk, the major negative regulator of the Src family kinases. Signaling via the B-cell receptor in B cells or high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) in mast cells leads to PAG increased tyrosine phosphorylation and Csk binding, while T cell receptor signaling causes PAG dephosphorylation, loss of Csk binding and increased activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Lck ...

PAG (phosphoprotein associated with GEMs), also known as Cbp (Csk-binding protein), is a ubiquitously expressed 46 kDa transmembrane adaptor protein present in membrane rafts (glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains), which however migrates on SDS PAGE gels anomalously as an 80 kDa molecule. Following tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases, PAG binds and thereby activates the protein tyrosine kinase Csk, the major negative regulator of the Src family kinases. Signaling via the B-cell receptor in B cells or high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) in mast cells leads to PAG increased tyrosine phosphorylation and Csk binding, while T cell receptor signaling causes PAG dephosphorylation, loss of Csk binding and increased activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Lck ...

The above data revealed that CD4-Cre-deleted mice exhibited more NK1.1-expressing T cells in the periphery. and thymus than WT mice (Supporting Information Fig 4C and Fig. 3A, respectively). Although NK1.1 is frequently expressed by NKT cells, binding to CD1d tetramers loaded with the glycosphingolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is considered the best criterion to identify conventional NKT cells, as these cells express a T-cell receptor bearing an invariant Vα14-Jα18 chain that is specific for CD1d molecules loaded with α-GalCer 31. However, CD1d tetramers loaded with α-GalCer failed to label cells within the thymus and the peripheral lymphoid organs of Bcl11bdp−/− mice (Fig. 3B). RAD001 molecular weight Because NKT cells have been shown to differentiate from DP thymocytes, Bcl11b expression at the DP stage appears thus to be essential for promoting. the differentiation of canonical NKT cells. To distinguish Carfilzomib mw if the block in T-cell differentiation in ...

NK-T cells are a small and unusual class of T cells that recognize lipid, rather than protein-derived antigen. The structures responsible for presenting lipid antigens--the CD1 molecules--have been studied for some time, yet the intracellular requirements for this mode of antigen presentation have not been defined. Prigozy et al. report that as for protein antigen, intracellular processing may be an obligate part of presentation of lipids to T cells. Using a precursor of a model glycosphingolipid antigen, the authors observed that only when the enzymatic machinery of the lysosmal compartment was intact could antigen recognition by NK-T cells take place. This process involved the removal of a terminal sugar group by the enzyme α-galactosidase, thus permitting the association of the modified lipid with the presenting molecule CD1d. T. I. Prigozy, O. Naidenko, P. Qasba, D. Elewaut, L. Brossay, A. Khurana, T. Natori, Y. Koezuka, A. Kulkarni, M. Kronenberg, Glycolipid antigen processing for ...

Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) are secreted by several phytopathogenic micro-organisms. They trigger leaf necrosis and immunity-associated responses in various dicotyledonous plants. We identified glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPC), a major class of plant sphingolipids, as target molecules for NLP binding to plasma membranes. X-ray crystallography revealed that NLP forms complexes with terminal hexose moieties. NLP binding to GIPC head groups induces several conformational changes within the toxin that precedes membrane attachment and host cell lysis. This study unveils early steps of NLP cytolysin action and explains why dicot plants are NLP toxin-sensitive whereas monocot plants are not.

iNKT cells differentiate in the thymus where they are positively selected by self-Ags presented by CD1d expressed on the cell surface of double-positive thymocytes (1, 2, 4). The endogenous Ags have a critical role in the development and maturation of iNKT cells (21, 53, 54). Malfunctions in CD1d expression (55, 56), intracellular trafficking (7, 8, 43), lipid Ag binding (11, 57-59), or lipid synthesis and metabolism (21, 53, 54), which affect the presentation of endogenous Ags to the invariant TCR, will lead to significantly reduced populations of iNKT cells. Because these cells acquire an Ag-experienced phenotype in the thymus, with transcriptionally active Ifng and Il4 gene loci (60, 61), it has been generally assumed that the positively selecting glycolipids are in fact true agonists for the invariant TCR (1, 62). Autoreactivity of mature, peripheral iNKT cells is also manifested in a variety of situations (5, 17, 49, 63). It is possible that a single type of agonist Ag is responsible for ...

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a class of ceramide-based glycolipids essential for embryo development in mammals. The synthesis of specific GSLs depends on the expression of distinctive sets of GSL synthesizing enzymes that is tightly regulated during development. Several reports have described how cell surface receptors can be kept in a resting state or activate alternative signalling events as a consequence of their interaction with GSLs. Specific GSLs, indeed, interface with specific protein domains that are found in signalling molecules and which act as GSL sensors to modify signalling responses. The regulation exerted by GSLs on signal transduction is orthogonal to the ligand-receptor axis, as it usually does not directly interfere with the ligand binding to receptors. Due to their properties of adjustable production and orthogonal action on receptors, GSLs add a new dimension to the control of the signalling in development. GSLs can, indeed, dynamically influence progenitor cell response to

Thank you to Dr. Kari Basso, University of Florida, for submitting this recent research article! The research article explains their recent progress towards a MS/MS-based method for GSL analysis. Keep reading to learn more!

At Universal Biologicals, we offer sphingolipids, glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, fatty acids, sterols and vitamin E isomers by specialists, Matreya, LLC.

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With the DrachenGas all-round package and the various options, we can provide many services for you, such as supplying, setting up, establishing and commissioning the LPG system. As part of our cooperation, we can ensure that you receive regular LPG deliveries. We can also take care of your servicing and the legally prescribed inspections of the LPG system. With our complete package, we can take on all servicing tasks at a flat-rate price.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Current topics in pharmacological research on bone metabolism. T2 - Osteoclast differentiation regulated by glycosphingolipids. AU - Fukumoto, Satoshi. AU - Iwamoto, Tsutomu. AU - Sakai, Eiko. AU - Yuasa, Kenji. AU - Fukumoto, Emiko. AU - Yamada, Aya. AU - Hasegawa, Tomokazu. AU - Nonaka, Kazuaki. AU - Kato, Yuzo. PY - 2006. Y1 - 2006. N2 - Glycosphingolipids are thought to play important roles in the development and function of several tissues, although the function of glycolipids in osteoclastogenesis has not been clearly demonstrated. In the present study, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, completely inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Following treatment with D-PDMP, nearly all glycosphingolipid expression was dramatically reduced on the surface of bone marrow cells, which suggests that glycosphingolipids are ...

Glycosphingolipid storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic diseases in which glycosphingolipids accumulate due to their impaired lysosomal breakdown. Splenic B cells isolated from NPC1, Sandhoff, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry disease mouse models showed large (20- to 30-fold) increases in disease specific glycosphingolipids and up to a 4-fold increase in cholesterol. The magnitude of glycosphingolipid storage was in the order NPC1 | Sandhoff approximately GM1 gangliosidosis | Fabry. Except for Fabry disease, glycosphingolipid storage led to an increase in the lysosomal compartment and altered glycosphingolipid trafficking. In order to investigate the consequences of storage on B cell function, the levels of surface expression of B cell IgM receptor and its associated components were quantitated in Sandhoff B cells, since they are all raft-associated on activation. Both the B cell receptor, CD21 and CD19 had decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, CD40 and MHC II, surface receptors that

3 -azidothymidine significantly alters glycosphingolipid synthesis in melanoma cells and decreases the shedding of gangliosides Journal Article ...

In the present study a possible role of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and nitric oxide (NO) production after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats has been established. In primary rat astrocytes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-y (IFN-y) treatment increased the intracellular levels of lactosylceramide (LacCer) and induced iNOS gene expression. D-Threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol HCI (PDMP), a glucosylceramide synthase and LacCer synthase (galactosyltransferase, GalT-2) inhibitor, inhibited LPS/IFN-y induced iNOS expression, which was reversed by exogenously supplied LacCer, but not by other glycosphingolipids. LPS/IFN-y caused a rapid increase in the activity of GalT-2 and synthesis of LacCer. Silencing of GalT-2 gene with the use of antisense oligonucleotides resulted in decreased LPS/IFN-y-induced iNOS, TNF-y, and IL-1 gene expression. The PDMP-mediated reduction in LacCer production and inhibition of iNOS expression ...

In the present study a possible role of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and nitric oxide (NO) production after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats has been established. In primary rat astrocytes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-y (IFN-y) treatment increased the intracellular levels of lactosylceramide (LacCer) and induced iNOS gene expression. D-Threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol HCI (PDMP), a glucosylceramide synthase and LacCer synthase (galactosyltransferase, GalT-2) inhibitor, inhibited LPS/IFN-y induced iNOS expression, which was reversed by exogenously supplied LacCer, but not by other glycosphingolipids. LPS/IFN-y caused a rapid increase in the activity of GalT-2 and synthesis of LacCer. Silencing of GalT-2 gene with the use of antisense oligonucleotides resulted in decreased LPS/IFN-y-induced iNOS, TNF-y, and IL-1 gene expression. The PDMP-mediated reduction in LacCer production and inhibition of iNOS expression ...

In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that increased glycosphingolipid synthesis through glucosylceramides may contribute to cell death in diabetic retinopathy. In the diabetic rat retina, cellular ceramide levels are decreased (Fig. 1), with a corresponding increase in glucosylceramides (Fig. 2). Pharmacological strategies were utilized to determine the biological consequences of altered glycosphingolipid metabolism in cultured retinal neurons. In vitro, inhibition of glucosylceramide catabolism augments glucosamine-induced stress response (Fig. 5) and inhibition of glycosylceramide synthesis increased insulin sensitivity in retinal neurons (Fig. 4). Decreased glycosphingolipid synthesis also reduced glucosamine- and IL-1β-induced retinal neuronal cell death (Fig. 6). Thus, elevated glucosylceramides composition can putatively mediate stress responses and/or insulin resistance, contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.. Our data demonstrate that increased ...

Glycoinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs) are complex sphingolipids present at the plasma membrane of various eukaryotes with the important exception of mammals. In fungi, these glycosphingolipids commonly contain an alpha-mannose residue (Man) linked at position 2 of the inositol. However, several pathogenic fungi additionally synthesize zwitterionic GIPCs carrying an alpha-glucosamine residue (GlcN) at this position. In the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the GlcNalpha1,2IPC core (where IPC is inositolphosphoceramide) is elongated to Manalpha1,3Manalpha1,6GlcNalpha1,2IPC, which is the most abundant GIPC synthesized by this fungus. In this study, we identified an A. fumigatus N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, named GntA, and demonstrate its involvement in the initiation of zwitterionic GIPC biosynthesis. Targeted deletion of the gene encoding GntA in A. fumigatus resulted in complete absence of zwitterionic GIPC; a phenotype that could be reverted by episomal expression of GntA in the mutant. ...

The primary structure of the major surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania donovani parasites, a lipophosphoglycan, has been further characterized. The repeating PO4-6Galp beta 1-4Man disaccharide units, which are a salient feature of the molecule, are shown to terminate with one of several neutral structures, the most abundant of which is the branched trisaccharide Galp beta 1-4(Manp alpha 1-2)Man. The phosphosaccharide core of lipophosphoglycan, which links the disaccharide repeats to a lipid anchor, contains 2 phosphate residues. One of the core phosphates has previously been localized on O-6 of the galactosyl residue distal to the lipid anchor; the second phosphate is now shown to be on O-6 of the mannosyl residue distal to the anchor and to bear an alpha-linked glucopyranosyl residue. Also, the anomeric configuration of the unusual 3-substituted Galf residue in the phosphosaccharide core is established as beta. The complete structure of the core is thus PO4-6Galp alpha 1-6Galp alpha 1-3Galf ...

The primary structure of the major surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania donovani parasites, a lipophosphoglycan, has been further characterized. The repeating PO4-6Galp beta 1-4Man disaccharide units, which are a salient feature of the molecule, are shown to terminate with one of several neutral structures, the most abundant of which is the branched trisaccharide Galp beta 1-4(Manp alpha 1-2)Man. The phosphosaccharide core of lipophosphoglycan, which links the disaccharide repeats to a lipid anchor, contains 2 phosphate residues. One of the core phosphates has previously been localized on O-6 of the galactosyl residue distal to the lipid anchor; the second phosphate is now shown to be on O-6 of the mannosyl residue distal to the anchor and to bear an alpha-linked glucopyranosyl residue. Also, the anomeric configuration of the unusual 3-substituted Galf residue in the phosphosaccharide core is established as beta. The complete structure of the core is thus PO4-6Galp alpha 1-6Galp alpha 1-3Galf ...

Hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage between oligosaccharides and ceramides of glycosphingolipids, optimal substrates appear to be the glycosphingolipids with a gangliotetraose structure.

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Yin and Yang of lactosylceramide metabolism. T2 - Implications in cell function. AU - Chatterjee, Subroto. AU - Pandey, Ambarish. N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank several of our colleagues for sharing their knowledge on LacCer with us. They are Drs. Nupur Ghosh, Anil Bhunia, Anotnina Kolmakova, Sergio Martin, Nieshia Williams, Peter Kwiterovich, Rajesh Mohan, NanLing Gong, Heming Wei, Sanaul Cowdhury, Dimitry Mukhin, Sraboney Dey, Avi Mazumdar, Toshi Arai, Gregory Bulkley, Pabodh Gupta, Yener Erozan, Grover Hutchins, Carl Alving, Jim Rifkind, Chandrashekhar Balgopalkrishna, Judy Berliner, G. Subbangounder and Wanda Shi. The support from NIH RO-1 DK 31722, PO-1-HL 47212, American Heart Association, and Johns Hopkins University Institutional support is gratefully acknowledged.. PY - 2008/3. Y1 - 2008/3. N2 - Although lactosylceramide (LacCer) plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of nearly all the major glycosphingolipids, its function in regulating cellular ...

Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) catalyzes the first step of glycosphingolipid synthesis by adding glucose residues to ceramide (Cer) to produce glucosylceramide (GlcCer). As GlcCer is a core component of more than 300 different glycolipids, which have diverse roles in physiology and disease, GCS may be a potential biomarker and drug target. However, current enzyme assays typically involve in vitro reactions using prepared enzyme samples, which may not directly correlate with enzyme activity in a cell. In this study, the researchers introduced an approach to determine direct GCS cellular activity using fluorescent NBD C6-ceramide. They were able to separate C6-glucosylceramide from C6-ceramide in cellular extracts using thin-layer chromatography and then quantified the levels by spectrophotometer. This cell-based method is highly sensitive, being able to quantitate values from as little as 1 mg of tissue (~50,000 cells), and the researchers successfully evaluated GCS enzyme activity in multiple ...

The requirement for processing glycolipid antigens in T cell recognition was examined with mouse CD1d-mediated responses to glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Although some disaccharide GSL antigens can be recognized without processing, the responses to three other antigens, including the disaccharide GSL Gal(α1→2)GalCer (Gal, galactose; GalCer, galactosylceramide), required removal of the terminal sugars to permit interaction with the T cell receptor. A lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A, was responsible for the processing of Gal(α1→2)GalCer to generate the antigenic monosaccharide epitope. These data demonstrate a carbohydrate antigen processing system analogous to that used for peptides and an ability of T cells to recognize processed fragments of complex glycolipids. ...

CC: CCSD:43026 AU: Taga S; Mangeney M; Tursz T; Wiels J TI: Differential regulation of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in phenotypically distinct Burkitts lymphoma cell lines CT: Int J Cancer (1995) 61: 261-267 [PMID:7705957] BS: (CN) human, (disease) Burkitts lymphoma, (cell line) BL10, Daudi, Ramos, Ly47, Ly67, MUTU III, BL36 TN: GM2 MT: ganglioside MT: glycolipid MT: glycosphingolipid SB: Westra B DA: 23-09-1995 FC: f7673cea SI: CBank:16359 ---------------- structure: b-D-GalpNAc-(1-4)+ , b-D-Galp-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-1)-Ceramide , a-D-Neup5Ac-(2-3)+ ================end of record ...

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J:76736 Yamashita T, Wada R, Sasaki T, Deng C, Bierfreund U, Sandhoff K, Proia RL, A vital role for glycosphingolipid synthesis during development and differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):9142-7 ...

Novel, optically active azido alcohols are synthesized from N-haloacetyl oxazolidinone and are coupled with protected, activated carbohydrate residues in stereoselective glycosidic fashion to provide glycolipids in substantially pure stereochemical form. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments, the glycosphingolipids globotriaosylceramide, lactosyl ceramide, and galactosyl ceramide are synthesized in substantially pure stereochemical form from alkenyl, C-18 azido alcohols and protected fluoroglycosides and are employed as antigens in the production of antibodies useful, for example, in the treatment of disease.

Almost all functions of cells or organs rely on the activities of cellular enzymes. Indeed, the in-vivo activities that directly represent the cellular effects of enzymes in live organs are critical importance to appreciate the roles enzymes play in modulating physiological or pathological processes, although assessments of such in-vivo enzyme activity are more difficult than typical test-tube assays. Recently, we, for the first time, developed a direct and easy-handling method for HPLC analyzing the in-vivo activity of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). GCS that converts ceramide into glucosylceramide is a limiting-enzyme in the syntheses of glycosphingolipids and is one cause of cancer drug resistance. In our method developed, rubusoside nanomicelles delivers fluorescence N-[6-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl]-D-erythro-sphingosine (NBD C6-ceramide) into mice, tissues uptake the cell-permeable substrate, and GCS converts it into NBD C6-glucosylceramide in all organs simultaneously.

We have determined that the production of a metastasis-associated neutral glycosphingolipid, isogloboside (iGb(4)Cer, GalNAcbeta1-3Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-O-ceramide) is associated with the loss of G(M3) synthase activity. Assays for neutral gl

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Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of plasma membrane in all mammalian cells, and they are concentrated in specialized microdomains for cell s...

Biotage TLC plates optimized for use with Biotage flash instruments; matched silica equals better purification throughput, increased compound purity and yield, and reduced solvent cost

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PAG1 antibody (phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid microdomains 1) for IHC-P, WB. Anti-PAG1 pAb (GTX85722) is tested in Human, Mouse samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

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