1. GPAT (glycerol phosphate acyltransferase) and DHAPAT (dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase) activities were measured both in subcellular fractions prepared from fed rat liver and in whole homogenates prepared from freeze-stopped pieces of liver. 2. GPAT activity in mitochondria differed from the microsomal activity in that it was insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide, had a higher affinity towards the palmitoyl-CoA substrate and showed a different response to changes in hormonal and dietary status. 3. Starvation (48 h) significantly decreased mitochondrial GPAT activity. The ratio of mitochondrial to microsomal activities was also significantly decreased. The microsomal activity was unaffected by starvation, except after adrenalectomy, when it was significantly decreased. Mitochondrial GPAT activity was decreased by adrenalectomy in both fed and starved animals. 4. Acute administration of anti-insulin serum significantly decreased mitochondrial GPAT activity after 60 min without affecting the ...
In the present study, we report the first phenotypic characterization of mice deficient for GPAT3, one of two microsomal GPAT enzymes identified so far at the molecular level. Our data show that total and NEM-sensitive GPAT activity was significantly reduced in Gpat3−/− mice compared with wild-type controls in both subcutaneous and visceral fat depots, whereas NEM-resistant GPAT activity in adipose tissue remained unchanged. In contrast, in liver, although the total GPAT activities were comparable between wild-type and Gpat3−/− littermates, the NEM-sensitive (presumably microsomal) activity was decreased by 30% due to an unexpected increase in NEM-resistant GPAT activity in this tissue. In addition, our results show that AGPAT activity in GPAT3 knockout mice was either unchanged (liver) or upregulated (adipose tissue) when compared with wild-type controls. These results, together with our previous findings of high expression level of GPAT3 in adipose tissue and the impairment of ...
1. Measurements were made, relative to tissue DNA, of the activities of enzymes of glycerolipid synthesis in homogenates of interscapular brown adipose tissue. These were: mitochondrial and microsomal forms of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PPH) and fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FAS). 2. In normal animals, 3 days of cold-exposure (4 degrees C) increased all activities. The increase in mitochondrial GPAT activity was particularly pronounced (5-fold). Administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist BRL 26830A mimicked the effect of cold on microsomal GPAT activity. Mitochondrial GPAT, PPH and FAS activities were unresponsive to BRL 26830A. The alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine significantly decreased activities of GPAT and PPH. 3. Streptozotocin-diabetes decreased mitochondrial GPAT activity, but did not abolish the effect of cold to increase this activity or the activity of microsomal GPAT. Diabetes abolished the effect of cold on PPH ...
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Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipid biosynthesis. Involved in pollen development, by being required for tapetum differentiation and male fertility. In addition to the sporophytic effect, it also exerts a gametophytic effect on pollen performance.
Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipid biosynthesis.
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPAM gene. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15), which catalyzes the initial and committing step in glycerolipid biosynthesis, is predicted to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular triacylglycerol and phospholipid levels. Two mammalian forms of GPAT have been identified on the basis of localization to either the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.[supplied by OMIM] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000119927 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024978 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. Mouse PubMed Reference:. Nagase T, Kikuno R, Nakayama M, Hirosawa M, Ohara O (Dec 2000). Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 7 (4): 273-81. doi:10.1093/dnares/7.4.271. PMID 10997877. Yet SF, Lee S, Hahm ...
Numerous hits in gapped BLAST to probable 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases, e.g. residues 3-253 are 32% similar to PLSC_MYCGE (MG212). Apart from the similarities to mycoplasma proteins, BLAST scores are below 100 due to the lack of similarity over the NH-terminal residues. No significant similarity to T.pallidum or C.trachomatis ...
This gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme which prefers saturated fatty acids as its substrate for the synthesis of glycerolipids. This metabolic pathways first step is catalyzed by the encoded enzyme. Two forms for this enzyme exist, one in the mitochondria and one in the endoplasmic reticulum. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011 ...
Spermatogenic cells are characterized by the presence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in their glycerolipids and hormone-coordinated cellular prolifer...
Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is an important intermediate for all living organisms. Glycerol-3-Phosphate is produced either by glycerol via glycerol kinase or by dihydroxyacetone phosphate through glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In response to cellular signals, glycerol-3-phosphate can be utilized in multiple pathways: it can be further converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and enter glycolysis or rapidly generate NAD+ in brain or muscle tissues through the G3P shuttle or enter the lipid biosynthetic pathway. Recent studies have found that glycerol-3-phosphate is a novel regulator and plays a fundamental defense role in plant pathogenesis ...
This gene encodes an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids and is necessary for DNA replication and repair. This enzyme is present in both mitochondria and nuclei, which are resulted from translation of a single mRNA with two in-frame initiation start codons. The use of the first start codon produces the mitochondrial isoform and the use of the second start codon produces the nuclear isoform. The production of the mitochondrial isoform is modulated by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) which overlaps the first initiation start codon in human. An alternately spliced transcript variant has been found which encodes a shorter isoform. This gene has three pseudogenes; two of them are at different locations of chromosome 17 and one of them is on chromosome 1q32.2. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014 ...
This superfamily consists of 4 alpha helices arranged into a four-helix bundle. The superfamily makes up the N-terminal region of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase as an all alpha-helical domain. The associated literature does not appear to provide information on the functional features of this superfamily ...
GPAT Exam Pattern 2022-- NTA will release the GPAT 2022 exam pattern at pat.nta.nic.in. Know more about GPAT exam pattern like format, marking scheme, preparation tips.
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Looking for online definition of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha in the Medical Dictionary? 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha explanation free. What is 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha? Meaning of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha medical term. What does 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha mean?
Looking for online definition of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta in the Medical Dictionary? 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta explanation free. What is 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta? Meaning of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta medical term. What does 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta mean?
The second acylation reaction in glycerolipid biosynthesis is catalyzed by an sn-1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. The enzyme of Limnanthes douglusii involved in triacylglycerol synthesis has an unusual specificity for very long chain acyl groups in both of its substrates, namely acyl-CoA and sn-1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate, and causes the enrichment of erucoyl groups in the sn-2 position of the seed oil of this plant species. We have isolated a cDNA clone encoding this embryo-specific, microsomal acyltransferase via heterologous complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in sn -1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. The open reading frame of the cDNA insert encodes a protein with a length of 281 amino acids, with three predicted membrane-spanning domains and of about 31.7 kDa. The sequence exhibits substantial sequence similaritiy to the sn-1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of E. coli. The corresponding transcript was detectable in developing embryos ...
Elucidation of the metabolic pathways of triacylglycerol synthesis is critical to the understanding of chronic metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and sn-1-acylglycerol-3- phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) catalyze the first and second steps in de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. These enzymes have multiple isoforms with different subcellular locations and tissue distributions. The specific function of each isoform and its product in the regulation of TAG synthesis and intracellular signaling pathways is not completely understood. This dissertation describes two separate projects. The first project examines the role of GPAT1 and de novo glycerolipid synthesis in the development of hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. The second project describes the identification of a novel GPAT isoform, GPAT4. In the first project, we used an adenoviral construct to overexpress glycerol-sn-3- phosphate ...
Glycerol-3-phosphate is an excellent substrate for FAD-linked mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) in brown adipose tissue mitochondria and is regularly used as the primary substrate to measure oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen consumption by these mitochondria. mGPDH converts cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, feeding electrons directly from the cytosolic side of the mitochondrial inner membrane to the CoQ-pool within the inner membrane. mGPDH activity is allosterically activated by calcium, and when calcium chelators are present in the mitochondrial preparation medium and/or experimental incubation medium, calcium must be added to insure maximal mGPDH activity. It was demonstrated that in isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria (1) mGPDH enzyme activity is maximal at free calcium ion concentrations in the 350 nM-1 μM range, (2) that ROS production also peaks in the 10-100 nM range in the presence of a UCP1 inhibitory ligand (GDP) but wanes with
GT:ID BAD56558.1 GT:GENE BAD56558.1 GT:PRODUCT putative 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase GT:DATABASE GIB00210CH01 GT:ORG nfar0 GB:ACCESSION GIB00210CH01 GB:LOCATION complement(1863574..1864296) GB:FROM 1863574 GB:TO 1864296 GB:DIRECTION - GB:PRODUCT putative 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase GB:PROTEIN_ID BAD56558.1 LENGTH 240 SQ:AASEQ MFYWLLKFVLVGPFIRVYNRPTVEGVENIPSDGPAILAGNHLSIADWLFAPLLSPRRINYLAKAEYFTTPGIKGRLQKFFFSGTGQYPIDRSGADAAEDALNAARKLLDQGKLVGLYPEGTRSPDGRLYKGKTGMARLALETGVPVIPVAVIGTDKVAPPGPFRWRRHKVTVKFGAPIDFSRYEGMGGNRFVERAVTDEVMYELMRLSGQEYVDVYAHSLKGVPSGSKPEAPRIPDTAAS GT:EXON 1,1-240:0, BL:SWS:NREP 1 BL:SWS:REP 9-,161,LPAT1_ARATH,2e-17,35.7,143/356, SEG 94-,104,adaaedalnaa, RP:PFM:NREP 1 RP:PFM:REP 23-,152,PF01553,5e-18,42.4,125/132,Acyltransferase, HM:PFM:NREP 1 HM:PFM:REP 21-,151,PF01553,1.2e-31,45.2,126/135,Acyltransferase, GO:PFM:NREP 2 GO:PFM GO:0008152,GO:metabolic process,PF01553,IPR002123, GO:PFM GO:0008415,GO:acyltransferase activity,PF01553,IPR002123, ...
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1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AGPAT2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. The protein is located within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy, a disease characterized by a near absence of adipose tissue and severe insulin resistance. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169692 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026922 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. Mouse PubMed Reference:. Eberhardt C, Gray PW, Tjoelker LW (Aug 1997). Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. cDNA cloning, expression, and localization to chromosome 9q34.3. The Journal of ...
Agpat1 - Agpat1 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1 (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, alpha) (Agpat1), transcript variant 2 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
AGPAT2 - AGPAT2 (GFP-tagged) - Human 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, beta) (AGPAT2), transcript variant 2 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
Mass spectrometric analysis was used to identify major proteins of lipid particles of the yeast S. cerevisiae. This approach supported previous findings concerning the localization of Erg6p and Erg1p to lipid particles (27, 28). In addition, several proteins with known function could be attributed to the lipid particle fraction during this study, namely Erg7p, Faa1p, Faa4p, and Fat1p (4, 10, 22, 23, 40). Furthermore, some novel gene products encoded by unassigned ORFs were identified as lipid particle components.. What is the physiological role of lipid particle proteins? Since several enzymes of ergosterol synthesis are located on lipid particles, it is tempting to speculate that these proteins actively participate in cellular sterol formation. This is very likely for Erg6p (27) and Erg7p (4a), which are enzymatically active in lipid particle preparations. Similarly, a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase encoded by the unidentifiedGAT gene and the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase ...
The Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT 2011) would be conducted by The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara on behalf of All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi on 8th May 2011. GPAT is for admission to Masters (M.Pharmacy) and Doctoral Courses in Pharmacy in various institutions across the country. GPAT was initiated in 2010 and registrations for GPAT 2011 will be online only. GPAT 2011 will have objective Multiple Choice Questions and the syllabus of GPAT 2010 has been revised. Interested candidates can visit www.gpat.in OR msubaroda.ac.in for more information on the changes in syllabus. Following are other details like eligibility, application procedure and question paper pattern.. Eligibility: Bachelors degree holders in Pharmacy (B.Pharmacy - 4 years after 10+2) are eligible to appear for GPAT 2011. Those students who are in the final year of B.Pharmacy course also can apply. Admission to postgraduate and Doctoral programmes in Pharmacy for the academic year ...
Perform reliable qPCR with Bio-Rads pre-validated ATGPAT7 primer pair, for the Arabidopsis genome. Designed for SYBR Green-based detection.
Learning platform for GPAT (Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test) aspirants. In this blog you will get free notes and objective questions for your GPAT preparation. This is an initiative to help all GPAT aspirants in their preparation. Below, categories are given from where you can go to the particular subject for your GPAT preparation. If you do not find any topic here do let us know. We will be happy to update the topic. All the best for your GPAT preparation.. ...
Learning platform for GPAT (Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test) aspirants. In this blog you will get free notes and objective questions for your GPAT preparation. This is an initiative to help all GPAT aspirants in their preparation. Below, categories are given from where you can go to the particular subject for your GPAT preparation. If you do not find any topic here do let us know. We will be happy to update the topic. All the best for your GPAT preparation.. ...
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CP001600.PE179 Location/Qualifiers FT CDS_pept 207513..208256 FT /codon_start=1 FT /transl_table=11 FT /locus_tag=NT01EI_0204 FT /product=1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, FT putative FT /EC_number=2.3.1.51 FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Gn:NT01EI_0204 FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Tr:ACR67447 FT /db_xref=GOA:C5B6Y5 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR002123 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR004552 FT /db_xref=UniProtKB/TrEMBL:C5B6Y5 FT /protein_id=ACR67447.1 FT /translation=MLFIFRVILITLLCLVICIVGSLYCLFSPRNPRHVARFGHWFGRL FT SPLFGLKVETRLPPDAATYGNAIYIANHQNNYDMVTASNAVQPNTVTVGKKSLAWIPFF FT GQLYWLTGNLLIDRKNRTKAHNTIAAVVEQFRTRRISFWMFPEGTRSRGRGLMPFKTGA FT FHAALAAGVPIVPICVSSTHDKVKLNRWNNGVVIVEMLPPIDTSRWGKDQVRDLAEHCR FT TLMAEKIGQLDAEVAAREAQAGKRA atgctattca ttttccgggt catactgatc acgttgctgt gcctcgtcat ctgcattgtc 60 ggttcgctgt attgcctgtt cagcccgcgc aacccgcgcc acgtcgcgcg ttttggccac 120 tggttcggcc gcttatcgcc gctgtttggc ctgaaggttg aaacgcgcct gccgccggat 180 gccgcaacct atggcaacgc catctatatc gccaaccacc ...
PLCD-like protein of unknown function with low similarity to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta, chloroplast precursor ...
MetabolismFatty acid and phospholipid metabolismBiosynthesisfatty acid/phospholipid synthesis protein PlsX (TIGR00182; HMM-score: 408.3) ...
Mitochondrial biogenesis is induced by low temperature in many fish species. For example, cold acclimation of Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback) increases mitochondrial densities in oxidative skeletal muscle. Oxidative muscles of Antarctic icefishes (suborder Notothenioidei) also have high mitochondrial densities characterized by higher densities of phospholipids compared to red-blooded notothenioids. Mitochondrial biogenesis has been well studied in mammals yet it is unknown how mitochondrial phospholipid synthesis is regulated. I hypothesized that both activity and mRNA levels of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), the rate-limiting enzyme in glycerolipid biosynthesis, would increase in oxidative muscle of stickleback, where mitochondrial biogenesis occurs, but not in liver, in response to cold acclimation, and that GPAT1 and /or GPAT2 mRNA levels would be higher in hearts of icefishes compared to red-blooded species. To test these hypotheses, maximal activity of GPAT and ...
The marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, has become a model for studying lipid metabolism and its triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis pathway makes it an ideal target for metabolic engineering to improve lipid productivity. However, the genetic background and metabolic networks of fatty acid biosynthesis in diatoms are not well understood. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the critical enzyme that catalyzes the first step of TAG formation. So far, characterization of GPAT in marine microalgae has not been reported, especially at the level of comprehensive sequence-structure and functional analysis. A GPAT was cloned from P. tricornutum and overexpressed in P. tricornutum. Volumes of oil bodies were produced and the neutral lipid content was increased by twofold determined by Nile red fluorescence staining. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-MS, which showed significantly higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids compared to wild type. These results suggested that the identified
This project is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (award #111062), Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions, and by The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), a nationally-funded research and core facility that supports a wide range of cutting-edge metabolomic studies. TMIC is funded by Genome Alberta, Genome British Columbia, and Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canadas national genomics strategy with $900 million in funding from the federal government ...
This project is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (award #111062), Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions, and by The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), a nationally-funded research and core facility that supports a wide range of cutting-edge metabolomic studies. TMIC is funded by Genome Alberta, Genome British Columbia, and Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canadas national genomics strategy with $900 million in funding from the federal government ...
This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. The protein is located within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), or Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, a disease characterized by a near absence of adipose tissue and severe insulin resistance. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized ...
Looking for glycerophosphate? Find out information about glycerophosphate. Any salt of glycerophosphoric acid Explanation of glycerophosphate
Jacq, C., Alt-Morbe, J., Andre, B., Arnold, W., Bahr, A., Ballesta, J. P., Bargues, M., Baron, L., Becker, A., Biteau, N., Blocker, H., Blugeon, C., Boskovic, J., Brandt, P., Bruckner, M., Buitrago, M. J., Coster, F., Delaveau, T., del Rey, F., Dujon, B., Eide, L. G., Garcia-Cantalejo, J. M., Goffeau, A., Gomez-Peris, A., Zaccaria, P., et, a. l. .. (1997). The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. Nature 387:75-78.9169867 ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Synthesis and hydrolytic behaviour of glycerol-1,2-diibuprofenate-3-nitrate, a putative pro-drug of ibuprofen and glycerol-1-nitrate. AU - Ingram, Matthew. AU - Moynihan, H.A.. AU - Powell, M.W.. AU - Rostron, C.. PY - 2001/3. Y1 - 2001/3. U2 - 10.1211/0022357011775578. DO - 10.1211/0022357011775578. M3 - Article. VL - 53. SP - 345. EP - 350. JO - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. JF - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. SN - 0022-3573. IS - 3. ER - ...
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Professional guide for Sodium Glycerophosphate Pentahydrate. Includes: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, interactions, adverse reactions and more.
COMPETE PHARMA: A Guide for Preparation of GPAT/NIPER/BITS/CEEB/CET and other Pharma Competitive Exams 1st Edition 2020 by Dasgupta TK, 9789374736234
GPAT, the successor of GATE (PHARMACY) came in to existence in 2010 and in the very first year of its existence it was conducted by MS University, Baroda .