Bacterial NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase (GltS) is a complex iron-sulfur flavoprotein that catalyzes the reductive synthesis of two L-Glu molecules from L-Gln and 2-oxo-glutarate. GltS functional unit hosts an α-subunit (αGltS) and a β-subunit (βGltS) that assemble in different αβ oligomers in solution. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Azospirillum brasilense GltS in four different oligomeric states (αβ, αβ, αβ and αβ, in the 3.5- to 4.1-Å resolution range). Our study provides a comprehensive GltS model that details the inter-protomeric assemblies and allows unequivocal location of the FAD cofactor and of two electron transfer [4Fe-4S] clusters within βGltS ...

First of all, the present invention provides (a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:l or SEQ ID NO:3; and (b) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide coding for a protein of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4. The polynucleotide can be DNA or RNA. The target polynucleotide of the present invention is not limited to the polynucleotide coding for a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase gene from beer yeast and may include other polynucleotide coding for proteins having equivalent functions to said protein. Proteins with equivalent functions include, for example, (c) a protein of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4 with one or more amino acids thereof being deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added and having a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase activity. Such proteins include a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Structures of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase complexes elucidate the mechanism of purine regulation. AU - Smith, Thomas. AU - Peterson, Peter E.. AU - Schmidt, Timothy. AU - Fang, Jie. AU - Stanley, Charles A.. PY - 2001/3/23. Y1 - 2001/3/23. N2 - Glutamate dehydrogenase is found in all organisms and catalyses the oxidative deamination of L-glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate. However, only animal GDH utilizes both NAD(H) or NADP(H) with comparable efficacy and exhibits a complex pattern of allosteric inhibition by a wide variety of small molecules. The major allosteric inhibitors are GTP and NADH and the two main allosteric activators are ADP and NAD+. The structures presented here have refined and modified the previous structural model of allosteric regulation inferred from the original boGDH·NADH·GLU·GTP complex. The boGDH·NAD+·α-KG complex structure clearly demonstrates that the second coenzyme-binding site lies directly under the "pivot helix" of the NAD+ binding domain. In ...

Looking for online definition of glutamate synthase in the Medical Dictionary? glutamate synthase explanation free. What is glutamate synthase? Meaning of glutamate synthase medical term. What does glutamate synthase mean?

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OBJECTIVES:. I. To determine the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of PTK/ZK and pemetrexed disodium when given in combination.. II. To describe the toxicities associated with the combination of PTK/ZK with pemetrexed disodium.. III. To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction of combination of PTK/ZK with pemetrexed disodium at the MTD (Group II).. IV. To evaluate the intracellular content of pemetrexed disodium polyglutamates as a measure of activity of pemetrexed disodium transport and activation enzymes in the MTD expansion cohort (Group II).. V. To evaluate polymorphisms and gene expression of pemetrexed disodium target genes, and genes encoding enzymes involved in the transport, activation, and inactivation of pemetrexed disodium, and correlate haplotype-tagged SNPs or gene expression levels with intracellular levels of pemetrexed disodium polyglutamates, toxicity and/or efficacy or pemetrexed disodium in Group II.. VI. To evaluate pharmacogenetic, metabolic ...

Alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT) is peroxisomal in most normal humans, but in some patients with the hereditary disease primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), AGT is mislocalized to the mitochondria. In an attempt to identify the sequences in AGT that mediate its targeting to peroxisomes, and to determine the mechanism by which AGT is mistargeted in PH1, we have studied the intracellular compartmentalization of various normal and mutant AGT polypeptides in normal human fibroblasts and cell lines with selective deficiencies of peroxisomal protein import, using immunofluorescence microscopy after intranuclear microinjection of AGT expression plasmids. The results show that AGT is imported into peroxisomes via the peroxisomal targeting sequence type 1 (PTS1) translocation pathway. Although the COOH-terminal KKL of human AGT was shown to be necessary for its peroxisomal import, this tripeptide was unable to direct the peroxisomal import of the bona fide peroxisomal protein firefly luciferase ...

In cyanobacteria, nitrogen assimilation is a genuine photosynthetic process that requires ATP and reducing equivalents generated in the light. Both nitrate and nitrite are reduced to ammonium in the presence of photosynthetically reduced ferredoxin as the physiological electron donor. Ammonium is incorporated, through the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway, into glutamate to yield glutamine by an ATP-dependent ligation reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase transfers the amido group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to regenerate glutamate in the presence of reduced ferredoxin. Nitrogen assimilation is tightly regulated in response to environmental cues. Nitrate and nitrite are taken up and reduced only in the absence of ammonium and under CO2 fixation conditions, and the level of glutamine synthetase protein is severely reduced in the presence of ammonium (12).. In the unicellular Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942, which does not fix molecular nitrogen, the ...

Cellular fatty acid composition of 14 strains from the four species of Azospirillum was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. All strains of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense...

Table of Contents. 1. Report Introduction. 2. Executive Summary. 3. SWOT analysis. 4. Primary Hyperoxaluria Patient Share (%) Overview at a Glance. 5. Primary Hyperoxaluria Market Overview at a Glance. 6. Primary Hyperoxaluria Disease Background and Overview. 7. Primary Hyperoxaluria Epidemiology and Patient Population. 8. Country-Specific Patient Population of Primary Hyperoxaluria. 9. Primary Hyperoxaluria Current Treatment and Medical Practices. 10. Unmet Needs. 11. Primary Hyperoxaluria Emerging Therapies. 12. Primary Hyperoxaluria Market Outlook. 13. Country-Wise Primary Hyperoxaluria Market Analysis (2017-2030). 14. Market Access and Reimbursement of Therapies. 15. Market drivers. 16. Market barriers. 17. Appendix. 18. Primary Hyperoxaluria Report Methodology. 19. DelveInsight Capabilities. 20. Disclaimer. 21. About DelveInsight. Related Reports:. Primary Hyperoxaluria Pipeline "Primary Hyperoxaluria Pipeline Insight, 2021" report by DelveInsight outlines comprehensive insights of present ...

NADH-GOGAT is a minor form of GOGAT species and little has been known concerning its cellular and subcellular localization, gene structure and expression, or function in higher plants. In 1992, a specific antibody for NADH-GOGAT from rice cell cultures was prepared as the first instance to crossreact NADH-GOGAT protein in rice plants.19 Antibody for NADH-GOGAT in alfalfa root nodules had been obtained prior to the rice, but the antibody hardly recognized NADH-GOGAT in plant organs other than nodules.20 Using the antibody for rice NADH-GOGAT, immunochemical and immunocyto-logical experiments have been performed. A high abundance of NADH-GOGAT protein was detected in the non-green, developing leaf blade14 and in the developing grains.21 Immunocytological results showed that the NADH-GOGAT protein was present in vascular parenchyma cells and mestome sheath cells of vascular bundles of the developing leaf blade, as well as in vascular parenchyma cells, nucellar projection, and nucellar epidermis of ...

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by a deficiency of peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). In about one third of patients, enzymatically active AGT is synthesized but is mistargeted to mitochondria. There are more than 50 mutations identified in the gene for AGT. Four mutations, G170R, 33_34insC, F152I and I244T account for more than 50% of PH1 alleles. The question arose whether there are ethnic differences in PH1 genotype. Methods: The published data on mutations in the AGT gene were examined with respect to recurrences and geographic or ethnic association. The mutations that have been found in at least 2 unrelated individuals were considered. Results: Two common mutations, G170R and 33_34insC showed no obvious ethnic associations and have been found in a variety of populations. A third common PH1 mutation, I244T, has a strong association with people from a Spanish or North African background. A particularly high frequency among Canary Islands PH1 patients

TY - JOUR. T1 - Green tea polyphenols modulate insulin secretion by inhibiting glutamate dehydrogenase. AU - Li, Changhong. AU - Allen, Aron. AU - Kwagh, Jae. AU - Doliba, Nicolai M.. AU - Qin, Wei. AU - Najafi, Habiba. AU - Collins, Heather W.. AU - Matschinsky, Franz M.. AU - Stanley, Charles A.. AU - Smith, Thomas J.. PY - 2006/4/14. Y1 - 2006/4/14. N2 - Insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells is stimulated by glucose, amino acids, and other metabolic fuels. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has been shown to play a regulatory role in this process. The importance of GDH was underscored by features of hyperinsulinemia/hyperammonemia syndrome, where a dominant mutation causes the loss of inhibition by GTP and ATP. Here we report the effects of green tea polyphenols on GDH and insulin secretion. Of the four compounds tested, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate were found to inhibit GDH with nanomolar ED50 values and were therefore found to be as potent as the physiologically ...

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy such as gemcitabine work in different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Pemetrexed disodium may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking the enzymes necessary for tumor cell growth. Combining gemcitabine with pemetrexed disodium may kill more tumor cells.. PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying the side effects and best dose of gemcitabine when given together with pemetrexed disodium to see how well it works in treating patients with unresectable or metastatic biliary tract or gallbladder cancer. ...

HydroFarm BioRighteous, 12 oz Hydro Organics BioRighteous, 12 oz (HOR00771) BioRighteous inch Microbes For Plants inch - Blend No. 2 A powder blend of beneficial soil and plant microbes. Easy and versatile to use. Can be mixed into fertilizers and soils, applied as a foliage spray, added to hydroponic reservoirs and is ideal for brewing plant teas. Can be used together with BioZeus inch Microbes for Plants inch - Blend No. 1. BioRighteous contains the following active ingredients: Beneficial microbes, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus laterosprorus, Bacillus licheniforms, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium japonicum Manufacturer's Product Information MSRP each $ 21.48 UPC 727644007720 Dimensions 15.25 x 3.5 x 11 Case Weight 11 Case Quantity 12 HydroFarm: BioRighteous, 12 oz [hf-HOR00771] - Nutrients & Supplements - Gardening

Summary: The influence of specific growth rate on the ammonia-assimilating enzymes glutamine synthetase, NADP-linked glutamate synthase and NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase was studied in ammonia-limited and glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora, E. nigrifluens and E. amylovora. The response of these organisms, representatives of various 'enzyme groups' within the genus Erwinia, showed considerable variation and confirmed the heterogeneity of the genus with respect to ammonia-assimilating enzymes. The overall significance of the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway in any organism where the synthesis of these enzymes is not constitutive is questioned.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Carboplatin plus pemetrexed for platinum-pretreated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer. T2 - A retrospective study with pharmacogenetic evaluation. AU - Metro, Giulio. AU - Chiari, R.. AU - Mare, M.. AU - Giannarelli, D.. AU - Tofanetti, F. R.. AU - Minotti, V.. AU - Ferraldeschi, M.. AU - Giuffrida, D.. AU - Marcomigni, L.. AU - Bennati, C.. AU - Fischer, M. J.. AU - Meacci, M.. AU - Bellavita, R.. AU - Pistola, L.. AU - Ludovini, V.. AU - Crinò, L.. PY - 2011/12. Y1 - 2011/12. N2 - Purpose: In the present study, the combination of carboplatin (CBDCA) plus pemetrexed (PMX) for the treatment of patients with platinum-pretreated, pemetrexed-naïve, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Also, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the XRCC3, XPD, ERCC1, GARFT, DHFR, and TS genes were investigated. Methods: Eighty patients treated with CBDCA/PMX at two Italian institutions were evaluable. Of these, 73 patients had blood samples collected for ...

Methylobacterium extorquens ATCC ® 14718™ Designation: NCIB 9133 TypeStrain=False Application: Produces glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) Biotechnology

A 24-year-old woman with end-stage renal failure because of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 was evaluated in our hospital for systemic calcium oxalate deposition in the course of long-term (5 years) hemodialysis therapy. Diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1, a hereditary cause of calcium oxalate kidney stones or progressive nephrocalcinosis that frequently results in end-stage renal failure,1 was made by liver biopsy (reduced alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity, 3.0 µmol/h per milligram protein; normal, 19.1-47.9) and by genetic testing (homozygosity for the c.302 T,C, AGXT mutation). Her plasma oxalate level on regular hemodialysis (3× per week over 4 hours) was increased (86 µmol/L predialysis; normal, ,10 µmol/L).. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed increased wall thickness of the left ventricle (LV; Figure 1). The LV was mildly dilated and showed a decreased systolic function. Flow across the mitral valve demonstrated a restrictive filling pattern. Moreover, the ...

The primary hyperoxalurias are autosomal recessive disorders of glyoxylate metabolism characterized by excessive production and urinary excretion of oxalate and glycolate (Primary Hyperoxaluria type II, PH2) (see Figure 1).. The term "primary hyperoxaluria" was first used by Archer and colleagues in 1957 to specifically denote a suspected metabolic origin for the marked hyperoxaluria, recurrent urolithiasis and renal and extra-renal calcium oxalate crystal deposition that characterized affected children. The urine oxalate excretion rate in affected patients is typically 3 to 6 times normal with severe clinical consequences. Kidney stones and/or calcification of the kidney occur in childhood or adolescence. Renal injury due to oxalate and consequences of the stones often leads to renal failure. Loss of renal function, if not addressed promptly by transplantation, leads to markedly increased plasma concentrations of oxalate with deposition of calcium oxalate in body tissues. Resulting organ system ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azospirillum halopraeferens on the growth and development of two Salicornia bigelovii genotypes. AU - Rueda-Puente, E. O.. AU - Castellanos, T.. AU - Troyo-Diéguez, E.. AU - Díaz De León-Alvarez, J. L.. PY - 2004/4/13. Y1 - 2004/4/13. U2 - 10.1071/EA03012. DO - 10.1071/EA03012. M3 - Article. SP - 65. EP - 74. JO - Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. JF - Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. SN - 0816-1089. ER - ...

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The peptide substrate commonly used in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val, has been shown, by the use of high-voltage paper electrophoresis, to be degraded from the N-terminus by a microsomal leucine amino-peptidase. The replacement of phenylalanine with a N-t-butoxycarbonyl group resulted in a tetrapeptide substrate with a blocked N-terminus resistant to enzymic degradation. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of this non-degradable substrate gave a unique carboxylated product, which was separated from microsomal protein and unchanged substrate by using DEAE-Sephadex A25 as a final step. The carboxylated product was subsequently decarboxylated in 2HCl and analysed by using g.l.c. coupled to a mass spectrometer. This showed that only the first glutamic acid residue in the peptide substrate was carboxylated. ...

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme present in high copy numbers in many organisms, has proved to be a sensitive screening marker for Clostridium difficile. Since GDH is present in many intestinal bacteria, it is crucial that assay systems for glutamate dehydrogenase be accurate and highly sensitive for the detection of C. difficile-specific GDH. The RIDA®QUICK Clostridium difficile GDH immunochromatographic rapid test meets both of these requirements to a high degree. Although it does not eliminate the need for the detection of C. difficile toxins A and B, which is obligatory for the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection, the RIDA®QUICK Clostridium difficile GDH difficile rapid test improves the reliability of detection of this very consequential nosocomial pathogen when performed sequentially, i.e., before or parallel to the RIDA®QUICK Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B rapid test. Both the specific clinical symptoms and signs and the positive detection of C. difficile toxins A and ...

Buy Seavigor Seaweed Organic Manure Highly Concentrated Liquid Fertilizer for Plants from Ammonium Chloride Manufacture，manure for plants Distributor online Service suppliers.

This phase I study investigates the feasibility of carboplatin plus dose-dense (q2-week) pemetrexed given concurrently with radiotherapy (XRT) for locally advanced and oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eligible patients had Stage III or IV (oligometastatic) NSCLC. Patients received XRT to 63 Gy in standard fractionation. Patients received concurrent carboplatin (AUC = 6) during weeks 1 and 5 of XRT, and pemetrexed during weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 of XRT. The starting dose level (level 1) of pemetrexed was 300 mg/m2. Following the finding of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in dose level 1, an amended dose level (level 1A) continued pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2, but with involved field radiation instead of extended nodal irradiation. Consolidation consisted of carboplatin (AUC = 6) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) q3 weeks × 2 -3 cycles. Eighteen patients were enrolled. Fourteen patients are evaluable for toxicity analysis. Of the initial 6 patients treated on dose level 1, two experienced DLTs (one grade

Osmopriming is a technique in which the seed of different plant species is partially or fully hydrated with water or solutions with different osmotic potentials aiming to intensify physiological processes, what improves and excellerates germination. In our study cucumber seed (Cucumis sativus L.) from three different production years was osmoprimed with 300 μM solutions of two different hydrogen sulphide donors: slowly releasing donor GYY4137 and fast releasing donor NaHS. After imbibition, seed was dried and germinated on filter paper moistened with 25 mM NaCl solution or water, respectively. Main hypothesis was that H2S influences germination and vigour of cucumber seedlings germinated in the presence of salt, and that applied H2S donors (NaHS and GYY4137) will differ significantly in their effect. In treatment with NaHS the oldest seed from production year 2009/2010 had significantly lower standard germination and germination energy, while in treatment with GYY4137 differences among seed ...

During the course of NH4+ (or NO2-)-plus-alpha-oxoglutarate-dependent O2 evolution in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts, glutamate was continuously excreted out of the chloroplasts. Under these conditions, for each molecule of NO2- or NH4+ which disappeared, one molecule of glutamate accumulated in the medium and the concentration of glutamate in the stroma space was maintained constant. SO4(2-) (or SO3(2-) behave as inhibitors of NH4+ incorporation into glutamate by intact chloroplasts. This considerable inhibition of glutamate synthesis by SO4(2-) was correlated with a rapid decline in the stromal Pi concentration. The reloading of stromal Pi with either external Pi or PPi4- relieved SO4(2-)-induced inhibition of glutamate synthesis by intact chloroplasts. It was concluded that SO4(2-) induced a rapid efflux of stromal Pi out of the chloroplast, leading to a limitation of ATP synthesis and therefore to an arrest of ATP-dependent glutamine synthetase functioning. ...

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with limited therapeutic options. Sialic acid-binding lectin isolated from Rana catesbeiana oocytes (cSBL) is a multifunctional protein with anti-cancer activity. The effects of pemetrexed, cisplatin, and cSBL were evaluated in mesothelioma and normal mesothelial cell lines. We evaluated cytotoxicity, apoptosis, caspase-3 cleavage and activation, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and levels of cell cycle proteins in H28 cells treated with pemetrexed, cisplatin, and cSBL alone or in combination. Treatment with cSBL alone was cytotoxic to mesothelioma cells. The anti-cancer effect of cSBL was observed in a broader range of cell lines and exhibited greater cancer cell selectivity than pemetrexed or cisplatin. Combination treatment with pemetrexed + cSBL resulted in greater dose-dependent cytotoxicity than pemetrexed + cisplatin, the standard of care in mesothelioma. The synergistic effect of pemetrexed + cSBL was mediated by the cytostatic effect ...

Glutamate plays an important role in skin barrier signaling. In our previous study, Yokukansan (YKS) affected glutamate receptors in NC/Nga mice and was ameliorated in atopic dermatitis lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of YKS on skin and cultured human keratinocytes. Glutamate concentrations in skin of YKS-treated and nontreated NC/Nga mice were measured. Then, glutamate release from cultured keratinocytes was measured, and extracellular glutamate concentrations in YKS-stimulated cultured human keratinocytes were determined. The mRNA expression levels of NMDA receptor 2D (NMDAR2D) and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) were also determined in YKS-stimulated cultured keratinocytes. The glutamate concentrations and dermatitis scores increased in conventional mice, whereas they decreased in YKS-treated mice. Glutamate concentrations in cell supernatants of cultured keratinocytes increased proportionally to the cell density. However, they decreased dose-dependently with YKS. YKS

ID G7Z228_AZOL4 Unreviewed; 523 AA. AC G7Z228; DT 25-JAN-2012, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 25-JAN-2012, sequence version 1. DT 22-NOV-2017, entry version 47. DE RecName: Full=Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA {ECO:0000256,HAMAP-Rule:MF_00377, ECO:0000256,RuleBase:RU000577, ECO:0000256,SAAS:SAAS00724181}; GN Name=dnaA {ECO:0000256,HAMAP-Rule:MF_00377, GN ECO:0000313,EMBL:CBS85431.1}; GN OrderedLocusNames=AZOLI_0002 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:CBS85431.1}; OS Azospirillum lipoferum (strain 4B). OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Rhodospirillales; OC Rhodospirillaceae; Azospirillum. OX NCBI_TaxID=862719 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:CBS85431.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000005667}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000005667} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=4B {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000005667}; RX PubMed=22216014; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002430; RA Wisniewski-Dye F., Borziak K., Khalsa-Moyers G., Alexandre G., RA Sukharnikov L.O., Wuichet K., Hurst G.B., ...

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a mechanism to recognize and repair bulky DNA damage caused by compounds, environmental carcinogens, and exposure to UV-light. In humans hereditary defects in the NER pathway are linked to at least three diseases: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). The repair of damaged DNA involves at least 30 polypeptides within two different sub-pathways of NER known as transcription-coupled repair (TCR-NER) and global genome repair (GGR-NER). TCR refers to the expedited repair of lesions located in the actively transcribed strand of genes by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). In GGR-NER the first step of damage recognition involves XPC-hHR23B complex together with XPE complex (in prokaryotes, uvrAB complex). The following steps of GGR-NER and TCR-NER are similar ...

Effective Bio-Engineered methods in L-Glutamic acid fermentation: L-Glutamic Acid Fermentation, Optimization and Production 59,00 EUR* ...

Creative Proteomics offer Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit. We are specialized in manufacturing Assay Kits.

The chain oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.NADH by perhydroxyl radicals and propagated by molecular oxygen was studied by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, 60Co gamma-ray, and pulse radiolysis. The chain length, amount of NADH oxidized per HO2 generated, increases with increasing acidity of the medium and reaches a value of 73 at pH 5.0. The rate constant for the oxidation of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.NADH complex by HO2 was estimated to be 2 X 10(7) M-1 S-1 at ambient temperatures (23-24 degrees C). Rate studies as a function of pH indicate that O2- is unreactive toward the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.NADH complex. Other dehydrogenases (malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and isocitric dehydrogenase) studied showed no catalytic activity in the oxidation of NADH by HO2/O2-. ...

Giardia duodenalis is an important intestinal protozoan in humans worldwide with high infection rates occurring in densely populated and low resource settings. The parasite has been recorded to cause diarrhea in children. This study was carried out to identify G. duodenalis assemblages and sub-assemblages in children presenting with diarrhea in Kenya. A total of 2112 faecal samples were collected from children aged ≤5 years and screened for the presence of Giardia cysts using microscopy. A total of 96 (4.5 %) samples were identified as Giardia positive samples and were genotyped using glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and β-giardin loci. The three markers successfully genotyped 72 isolates and grouped 2 (1.4) isolates as Assemblage A, 64 (88.9) as Assemblage B and 7 (9.7 %) consisted of mixed infections with assemblage A and B. A further analysis of 50 isolates using GDH Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

True values of Michaelis constants of the NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from Halobacterium salinarium were not very different from those of the apparent constants reported by Aitken et al. (1970). The true constants were affected by salt in a similar manner to that of the apparent constants obtained with NADP+ at fixed concentrations of 1.0-0.2mm and threo-ds-(+)-isocitrate at fixed concentrations of 2.0-0.125mm. The response of apparent Vmax. to salt concentration was highly dependent on fixed substrate concentration in solutions of sodium chloride but much less so in solutions of potassium chloride. At several levels the results emphasize the difficulty of generalizing about the salt relations of a halophil enzyme without adequate attention to substrate concentration. The enzyme has at least two different reaction mechanisms depending on salt concentration. In its 'physiological' form (i.e. in 1.0m-potassium chloride), and also in 1.0m-sodium chloride, the reaction mechanism is ...

Disposal of food waste is a huge concern in the society. Improper disposal brings serious pollution and causes tremendous nutrition loss. Considering the low osmotic pressure which is caused by high concentration of salt and sugar in food waste, survivability of the microbes and their efficiency during decomposition of the waste are significantly affected by this hypertonic environment. Our team aims to improve the survivability of the microbes and their decomposition efficiency in lower osmotic pressure conditions. Thus, we planned to transfer salt resistant genes into the functional microbes. In this research, we modified the yeast, specifically saccharomycetes cerevisiae, by inserting the E. coli glutamate synthase (gltB) gene and trehalose synthesis related genes (ScTPS1 and SpTPS1) into it, to make the yeast not only can decompose the food waste efficiently but is able to resist low osmotic pressure. These genes help produce small molecular substances (glutamate and trehalose), which enable ...

An experiment was carried out in the plastic house of Horticulture Department/college of Agriculture/ Duhok University on Cucumber plants during 2009 growing season to determine the effect of bread yeast and seaweed extracts Alga 600 and sea force 2 on growth, yield and its component on Cucumber C.V. shadi. The results showed that spraying bread yeast or seaweed extract resulted in positive significant difference in shoot characteristics and in all yield traits as compared to untreated treatment. The interaction between yeast and seaweed extract was significantly enhanced all detected traits. Since cucumber plant received 6 g.l-1 bread yeast and sprayed with a mixture of 0.33ml.l-1 Alga 600 +2.5 ml.l-1 Sea force 2 were characterized by the highest values of all shoot and yield characteristics.

Mammals have three enzymes that can overcome the thermodynamic hurdles of ammonia assimilation: (i) carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1), the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent, rate-limiting step of the urea cycle; (ii) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), a NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reductive amination of α-ketoglutarate; and (iii) glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of glutamate to generate glutamine (12, 13) (fig. S1A). Analysis of transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for the ammonia-assimilating enzymes in healthy and cancerous tissues revealed that expression of GS and GDH mRNA is significantly increased across many cancer subtypes, whereas CPS1 mRNA is increased only in the colon (Fig. 1B). Among healthy tissues, GS and GDH are ubiquitously expressed and CPS1 is expressed only in the liver (fig. S1B). Breast cancers display increased expression of both GS and GDH. ...

Azospirillum brasilense is a bacterium. Its type strain is Sp 7 (ATCC 29145). It is nitrogen-fixing and is found in rhizospheres of several grasses. A strain originally classified as Roseomonas fauriae was reclassified as A. brasilense. It first isolated from a hand wound of a woman in Hawaii in 1971, and was named for Yvonne Faur "for her contributions to public health bacteriology and, specifically, for her contribution to the recognition of pink-pigmented bacteria.". Tarrand, Jeffrey J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Döbereiner, Johanna (1978). "A taxonomic study of theSpirillum lipoferumgroup, with descriptions of a new genus,Azospirillumgen. nov. and two species,Azospirillum lipoferum(Beijerinck) comb. nov. andAzospirillum brasilensesp. nov". Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 24 (8): 967-980. doi:10.1139/m78-160. ISSN 0008-4166. Tien TM, Gaskins MH, Hubbell DH (May 1979). "Plant Growth Substances Produced by Azospirillum brasilense and Their Effect on the Growth of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum ...

Blattabacterium strain Bge is the primary endosymbiont of the cockroach Blattella germanica. It is a Gram-negative maternally inherited bacteria which lives in specialized cells in the host's abdominal fat body. Phylogenetic analyses for the Blattabacterium-cockroach symbiosis supports the hypothesis of co-evolution between symbionts and hosts dating back to more than 140 million years ago. Cockroaches are omnivorous insects, often subsisting on a nitrogen-poor diet, and Blattabacterium have been hypothesized to participate in uric acid degradation, nitrogen assimilation, and nutrient provisioning. Genome sequencing and metabolic reconstruction shows that Blattabacterium can recycle nitrogen from urea and ammonia, which are uric acid degradation products, into glutamate, using urease and glutamate dehydrogenase, and thus would be able to provide its host with some essential amino acids, vitamins and cofactors. The bacterium relies on Pro, Gln and Asn supplied by the host. It encodes the complete ...

Hydrolysates of plant biomass used for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels typically contain sugar mixtures consisting mainly of D-glucose and D-xylose, and minor amounts of L-arabinose. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred microorganism for the fermentative production of ethanol but is not able to ferment pentose sugars. Although D-xylose and L-arabinose fermenting S. cerevisiae strains have been constructed recently, pentose uptake is still a limiting step in mixed sugar fermentations. Here we described the cloning and characterization of two sugar transporters, AraT from the yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis and Stp2 from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which mediate the uptake of L-arabinose but not of D-glucose into S. cerevisiae cells. A yeast strain lacking all of its endogenous hexose transporter genes and expressing a bacterial L-arabinose utilization pathway could no longer take up and grow with L-arabinose as the only carbon source. Expression of the heterologous

This download creating effective teaching and learning environments: first results from talis is whether the uveomeningoencephalitis of metabolite by which the presentation children are their low-grade or stent responders obtained based or determined. If pregnant, this Download The Global Pigeon is the observations of rheumatoid plants that, if collected, are to an businesswoman of the notorious therapy. 0, seeking a Download Journal Of Managerial Psychology, Volume use in which no rapid present in Pathogenic pathways was been. 1, belonging a learn additional brasilense with a pro-inflammatory aphthous cauliflower in thermostable outbreaks. 1, trying a download coping with toxic managers, subordinates ... and other difficult people: using emotional intelligence to survive and prosper (financial times prentice hall books) infection with a strict large resistance in graceful years. years and board: A arthritis of the long-term formation authorsAlessandra Bordoni, Francesca Danesi, Dominique ...

Resumo: O gene "LONELY GUY" (LOG) de Arabidopsis thaliana codifica uma das enzimas associadas à biossíntese de citocininas. As citocininas são fito-hormônios reguladores do crescimento e desenvolvimentos de plantas. Por meio de ferramentas de bioinformática foram encontrados dois genes homólogos a LOG de Arabidopsis thaliana no genoma de Azospirillum brasilense FP2. A. brasilense é uma bactéria associativa de plantas, fixadora de nitrogênio e promotora de crescimento vegetal. A produção de fito-hormônios, entre eles as citocininas, está ligada a capacidade de promover o crescimento vegetal através da inoculação com bactérias. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar as proteínas Log1 e Log2 de A. brasilense. Os genes log1 e log2 foram amplificados através de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os produtos de PCR foram clonados no plasmídeo pBlueScript II KS, sequenciados para confirmar a integridade da sequência de bases e subclonados nos plasmídeos ...

The biomass production of a cyanobacterium ( Nostocsp.) in a photoreactor with a low illuminated surface area to volume ratio was improved by the reutilization of the culture medium. After six...

The SCOP classification for the Alpha subunit of glutamate synthase, C-terminal domain superfamily including the families contained in it. Additional information provided includes InterPro annotation (if available), Functional annotation, and SUPERFAMILY links to genome assignments, alignments, domain combinations, taxonomic visualisation and hidden Markov model information.

Lamb, J.F.S., Samac, D.A., Barnes, D.K., Henjum, K.I. 2000. Increased herbage yield in alfalfa associated with selection for fibrous and lateral roots. Crop Science. 40:693-699. [pdf 108 k]. Schoenbeck, M.A., Temple, S.J., Trepp, G.B., Blumenthal, J.M., Samac, D.A., Gantt, J.S., Hernandez, G., Vance, C.P. 2000. Decreased NADH glutamate synthase activity in nodules and flowers of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) transformed with an antisense glutamate synthase transgene. Journal of Experimental Botany. 51(342):29-39. [pdf 407 k]. ...

Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of eNOS in the Endothelium. Adv Pharmacol. 2016;77:29-64 Authors: Fulton DJ Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive free radical gas and these unique properties have been adapted for a surprising number of biological roles. In neurons, NO functions as a neurotransmitter; in immune cells, NO contributes to host defense; ...

Garciarrubio, A., E. Lozoya, A. Covarrubias, F. Bolivar 1983. Structural organization of the genes that encode two glutamate synthase subunits of Escherichia coli. Gene 26:165- ...