The present study was designed to quantitate the interaction between the decrease in target tissue insulin action seen in subjects with Type II diabetes and the mass action effect of glucose exerted via the prevailing hyperglycemic state. To this end, euglycemic glucose clamp studies were performed in 26 control subjects using insulin infusion rates of 15, 40, 120, 240, and 1,200 mU/M2 per min and in 10 Type II diabetic subjects using insulin infusion rates of 120 and 1,200 mU/M2 per min. The results of these euglycemic studies indicated that insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal was decreased in the Type II diabetics due to a combined receptor (rightward shift in the dose-response curve) and postreceptor defect in insulin action (decreased maximal response), whereas the decrease in insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output (HGO) was consistent with a defect in insulin binding (rightward shift in dose-response curve). Hyperglycemic glucose clamp studies were also performed ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) is a reliable surrogate measure of in vivo insulin sensitivity in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the present study, we compared insulin sensitivity as assessed by a 4-h euglycemic (approximately 5 mmol/l) hyperinsulinemic (approximately 300 pmol/l) clamp with HOMA in 115 subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: We found a strong correlation between clamp-measured total glucose disposal and HOMA-estimated insulin sensitivity (r = -0.820, P,0.0001), with no substantial differences between men (r = -0.800) and women (r = -0.796), younger (aged ,50 years, r = -0.832) and older (r = -0.800) subjects, nonobese (BMI ,27 kg/m2, r = -0.800) and obese (r = -0.765) subjects, nondiabetic (r = -0.754) and diabetic (r = -0.695) subjects, and normotensive ( r = -0.786) and hypertensive (r = -0.762) subjects. Also, we found good agreement between the two methods in the categorization of ...

Glucose Clamp Studies - Raptim Research can support Glucose Clamp Studies for our sponsor and we have experienced team to manage these studies at our setup. As per the regulatory requirements, the pharmacodynamic data on time-actions profiles using the Glucose Clamp procedure should be available for bio-similar insulin preparations, including pre-mixed insulins. In addition there is a general agreement among experts that the Glucose Clamp procedure is one of the best available solutions for the assessment of insulin action ...

Aims/hypothesis: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of central administration of melanotan II (MTII), a melanocortin-3/4 receptor agonist, on hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity, independent of food intake and body weight. Methods: Over a period of 24 h, 225 ng of MTII was injected in three aliquots into the left lateral ventricle of male C57Bl/6 mice. The animals had no access to food. The control group received three injections of distilled water. Whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity were measured by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp in combination with [3H]glucose infusion. Glut4 mRNA expression was measured in skeletal muscle. Results: Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations under basal and hyperinsulinaemic conditions were similar in MTII- and placebo-treated mice. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) and glucose disposal in the basal state were significantly higher in MTII-treated mice than in the control group (71±22 vs 43±12 μmol·min-1·kg-1, ...

The euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique (glucose clamp) has been used as the best method for evaluating insulin resistance. However, its technical difficulty has limited its clinical application especially in cardiovascular departments. Therefore, we evaluated glucose and insulin responses to the 75g-oGTT as a simple alternative to the glucose clamp test. In this study, IRI-60 and IRI-120, but not IRI-0 or HOMA-IR, were associated with the number of diseased coronary arteries and the presence of previous MI. When the analyses were limited to age matched male patients, the results were quite similar (data not shown). We cannot define the reason but this finding indicates the importance of evaluating the insulin response to the glucose challenge test.. Although post-challenge hyperinsulinaemia does not necessarily reflect insulin resistance, our finding was very consistent with previous studies that showed the relation between hyperinsulinaemia and the severity of CAD.9,10 Insulin ...

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study (N = 30) was conducted, applying the euglycemic clamp technique over a period of 36 h. In this multiple-dose to steady-state study, participants received once-daily subcutaneous administrations of either 0.4 (cohort 1) or 0.6 units·kg−1 (cohort 2) Gla-300 for 8 days in one treatment period and 0.4 units·kg−1 Gla-100 for 8 days in the other. Here we focus on the results of a direct comparison between 0.4 units·kg−1 of each treatment. PK and PD assessments performed on the last treatment day included serum insulin measurements using a radioimmunoassay and the automated euglycemic glucose clamp technique over 36 h. ...

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the study was to investigate ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity, in a parallel single-blinded randomised controlled trial, comparing Paleolithic diet alone with the combination of Paleolithic diet and exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Thirty-two individuals with type 2 diabetes with BMI 25-40 kg/m(2) and 30-70 years of age followed a Paleolithic diet ad libitum for 12 weeks. In addition, study participants were randomised by computer program to either supervised combined exercise training (PD-EX group) or standard care exercise recommendations (PD group). Staff performing examinations and assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Thirteen participants were analysed in each group: hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were measured using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique combined with [6,6-H-2(2)]glucose infusion, and liver fat was assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; both analyses were ...

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) has been demonstrated to improve glucose homoeostasis in diabetic mice. However, no report has demonstrated the relationship of circulating BMP-9 levels with insulin resistance (IR) or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between BMP-9 and IR in cross-sectional and interventional studies. Circulating BMP-9 levels were analysed by ELISA in 280 well-characterized individuals. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) were performed in 20 healthy subjects. Acute IR was induced by lipid infusion for 4 h in 20 healthy volunteers. Real-time (RT)-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess mRNA and protein expression of BMP-9. The effect of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (PEX168) on circulating BMP-9 was investigated in a 24-week treatment trial. Circulating BMP-9 levels were significantly higher in healthy subjects than ...

Healthy diet and physical activity are associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Little is known about whether they interact to improve CMR. The purpose of the present study was to determine the synergistic associations of diet quality and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) on CMR factors. The present study was an a posteriori analysis of two cross-sectional studies on 124 inactive non-diabetic postmenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2. The following factors were measured: diet quality (assessed by the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) from a 3 d food record); PAEE (doubly labelled water); body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scan); lipoprotein profile (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), non-HDL-C, total cholesterol:HDL-C, TAG, apoA1, apoB, apoA1:apoB and LDL-C:apoB); insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp); inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity ...

During insulin stimulation whole body glucose uptake is increased in trained compared with untrained humans. However, it is not known which tissue is responsible. Seven young male subjects bicycle trained one leg for 10 wk at 70% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max). Sixteen hours after last exercise bout, a three-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (clamp 1) was performed (insulin levels, means +/- SE: 9 +/- 1, 53 +/- 3, 174 +/- 5, and 2,323 +/- 80 was microU/ml), with measurement of arteriovenous differences and blood flow in both legs. After 6 days of detraining subjects were restudied, having exercised the untrained leg 16 h before. VO2max for trained (T) and untrained (UT) legs was 52 +/- 2 vs. 44 +/- 2 ml.min-1.kg-1 (P , 0.05). In clamp 1 glucose uptake in T and UT legs was 1.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg.min-1.kg-1 (basal), 9.7 +/- 2.3 vs. 6.7 +/- 1.7 (P , 0.05) (step I), 19.2 +/- 2.8 vs. 14.3 +/- 2.0 (P , 0.05) (step II), and 22.8 +/- 2.3 vs. 18.6 +/- 2.2 (P , 0.05) (step III). During ...

Participants underwent 2 step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure and were infused with insulin according to a specified algorithm to reduce plasma glucose levels to approximately 100 milligram (mg)/deciliter (dL). In Step 1 of the clamp, each individuals insulin infusion rate during the last 2 hours of the overnight infusion was increased by 10 mU/square meter (m^2)/minute (min). During Step 2, all participants received an insulin infusion, at a rate of 120 mU/m^2/min ...

目前測量胰島素敏感性的方法有很多種，可分為直接測量及間接測量兩種方式，其中黃金標準就是直接測量的 glucos ...

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic зажим, или инсулин зажим, является золотым стандартом для оценки действия инсулина...

Fresh tumor tissues and matched blood cells will be analyzed by large-panel (Berryoncology, lnc.) for multiple molecular biomarkers including mutations with sensitivity/resistance to targeted therapies, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) status, etc., Therapeutic approach and outcome will be followed-up to inspect the clinical benefit by large-panel analysis. In addition, selected samples will be analyzed by WES to assess the correctness of TMB estimated by large-panel ...

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Multi-Accessory Clamp allows independent release of horizontal, vertical, and rotational functions, making it easy to adjust the position of accessories.

1. The effects of acutely raising blood ketone body levels to those seen after 72 h of starvation were examined in 10 subjects after an overnight fast. Metabolic rate and respiratory exchange ratio were measured with indirect calorimetry before and during an insulin-glucose clamp. Arteriovenous differences were measured across forearm and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue.. 2. In response to the clamp the respiratory exchange ratio rose from 0.82 to 0.83 during 3-hydroxybutyrate infusion and from 0.83 to 0.94 during control (saline) infusion (P , 0.001).. 3. Forearm glucose uptake at the end of the clamp was 4.02 ± 0.95 (3-hydroxybutyrate infusion) and 7.09 ± 1.24 mmol min−1 100 ml−1 forearm (saline infusion). Whole body glucose uptake at the end of the clamp was 72.8 ± 7.9 (3-hydroxybutyrate infusion) and 51.0 ± 3.0 (saline infusion) mmol min−1 kg−1 body weight−1.. 4. 3-Hydroxybutyrate infusion reduced the baseline abdominal venous-arterialized venous glycerol difference from ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hierarchy of glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms, and cerebral dysfunction. AU - Mitrakou, A.. AU - Ryan, C.. AU - Veneman, T.. AU - Mokan, M.. AU - Jenssen, T.. AU - Kiss, I.. AU - Durrant, J.. AU - Cryer, P.. AU - Gerich, J.. PY - 1991. Y1 - 1991. N2 - To define glycemic thresholds for activation of counterregulatory hormone secretion, initiation of symptoms (autonomic and neuroglycopenic), and onset of deterioration of cognitive function, we measured indexes of these responses during glycemic plateaus of 90, 78, 66, 54, and 42 mg/dl in 10 normal volunteers, with the use of the hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. Activation of glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and growth hormone secretion began at arterialized venous plasma glucose concentrations of 68 ± 1, 68 ± 1, 65 ± 1, and 67 ± 2 (SE) mg/dl, respectively. Autonomic symptoms (anxiety, palpitations, sweating, irritability, and tremor) began at 58 ± 2 mg/dl, which was ...

OBJECTIVE:Mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain ill-defined, contributing to sub-optimal therapies. Recognising skeletal muscle plays a key role in glucose homeostasis we investigated early insulin signalling, its association with aberrant transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) regulated tissue fibrosis. We also explored the impact of aerobic exercise on these molecular pathways. METHODS:A secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study was undertaken in women with (n=30) or without (n=29) PCOS across lean and overweight BMIs. A subset of participants with (n=8) or without (n=8) PCOS who were overweight completed 12-weeks of aerobic exercise training. Muscle was sampled before and 30 min into a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp pre- and post-training. RESULTS:We found reduced signalling in PCOS of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Exercise training augmented but did not completely rescue this signalling defect in women with PCOS. Genes in the TGFβ ...

In this study, we examined the genetic nature of various insulin-related phenotypes. We found that MCRI is a highly heritable trait and that specific haplotypes in the AMPD1 gene are closely linked to quantitative differences in the overall MCRI in our study population.. MCRI and M are independent predictors of fasting insulin concentration. Insulin-resistant nondiabetic subjects maintain normoglycemia by a compensatory increase in insulin secretion, which explains the negative correlation between insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin. In a similar vein, the negative correlation between MCRI and fasting insulin is consistent with the concept that once insulin clearance declines, insulin concentrations rise.. MCRI becomes of great interest because of the evidence presented herein that it is a highly heritable trait. In fact, it was more heritable in our study than M. To our knowledge, this is the first report assessing the heritability of MCRI. Insulin sensitivity/resistance is known to be ...

In insulin-stimulated circumstances, glucose disposal occurs mainly in skeletal muscle (22) and is mediated via the insulin-signaling cascade. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor to induce tyrosine kinase activity, followed by phosphorylation of IRS-1 on tyrosine residues, allowing for the recruitment of the p85/p110 phosphoinositol 3-kinase (96). More downstream, protein kinase B (Akt) is activated, which in turn will increase activity of both glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). This latter step is required for the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. AS160 can also be phosphorylated independently from Akt (64).. There is no doubt that insulin-mediated glucose uptake decreases during short-term fasting, as shown by ITT studies (13, 82), OGTT/intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and meal studies (2, 27, 37, 49, 55), and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies (6, 21, 46, 69, 79, 101, 112, 114) (Table 2). Notwithstanding different study ...

We evaluated insulin secretion and insulin action with the hyperglycemic (125 mg/dl above basal) and euglycemic insulin (40 mU · m2 · min−1) clamps in seven moderately obese subjects before and after a 6-wk exercise training program. Thirty-nine normalweight, age-matched subjects served as controls. Both fasting plasma insulin concentration and glucosestimulated (hyperglycemic clamp) insulin secretion were significantly (P , .001) increased in the obese subjects. After the training program fasting insulin levels decreased by 26% (P , .01). Insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia decreased by a similar percentage (P , .01). Nonetheless, total-body glucose metabolism increased significantly (P , .05) during the hyperglycemic clamp. With the euglycemic insulin clamp, obese subjects were shown to be significantly (P , .001) insulin resistant compared with controls. The decrease in total-body glucose uptake resulted from defects in both peripheral glucose disposal and suppression of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Változóban a petefészekrák hosszú távú kezelési stratégiája - A platinamentes intervallum jelentosége. AU - Zoltán, Hernádi. PY - 2008/11/1. Y1 - 2008/11/1. N2 - It was during the last 15 years when justified by clinical studies the sensitivity/resistance to anticancer chemotherapy was included in the setting of the prognostic factors of the ovarian cancer, while demonstrating a stronger correlation with the outcome than those factors known before. Remission and duration of remission after first-line chemotherapy are the two important components of sensitivity and their combinations measure its grade in a semi-quantitative manner. The chemotherapy sensitivity/resistance approach is based on the observations on ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum based chemotherapy. This agent in repeated adminstrations during the whole course of the disease is still a decisive component of the ovarian cancer chemotherapy. As a consequence there is always a platinum-free ...

Methods: Following medical examinations, 21 overweight (body mass index = 29 ± 1 kg·m-2) elderly (74 ± 1 yr) subjects were randomized to 1) HI, 2) MI, or a 3) nonexercising control group. Subjects enrolled in HI or MI completed a 12-wk exercise training regimen designed to expend 1000 kcal·wk-1. ISGD was assessed using a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp pre- and postintervention. ISGD was corrected for hepatic glucose production (glucose Ra) using a constant rate infusion of [6,6-2H2]glucose and determined during the last 30 min of the clamp by subtracting glucose Ra from the exogenous glucose infusion rate. Nonoxidative glucose disposal was calculated using indirect calorimetry. Body composition testing was completed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ...

Biopsy of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) lesions are recommended to confirm the diagnosis and re-evaluate hormone receptors (HR) and HER2 status. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) might serve as liquid biopsy, which could give insight into cancer heterogeneity. Paoletti and colleagues explored the feasibility of performing different markers related to endocrine therapy sensitivity/resistance using the CellSearch assay. They developed a multiparameter CTC-Endocrine Therapy Index (CTC-ETI), which is based on CTC enumeration and a highly validated semiquantitative analysis of CTC-ER, BCL-2, HER2, and Ki67 expression. CTC-ETI may serve as a real-time predictive factor for resistance to ET in patients with HR-positive MBC. ...

A surgical clamp applier and a detachable clamp for temporarily occluding a vessel are disclosed. The clamp applier is designed to allow a surgeon to place and remove the clamp using only one hand. The clamp applier has a dial, a button, and a pulley actuator all accessible on the handle of the applier. The dial is used to lock the clamp onto the applier and to remove the clamp from the applier. The button is used to allow the pulley actuator to be used to manipulate the lower jaw of the clamp with respect to the upper jaw of the clamp, thus varying the amount of pressure exerted by the clamp on the vessel. The pulley actuator actuates a pulley system which engages the clamp, thereby manipulating the lower jaw of the clamp with respect to the upper jaw in a scissors-like manner, allowing the surgeon to properly clamp the target vessel. Various shapes and sizes of clamps are used for various procedures, but the clamps are all compatible with the clamp applier.

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Veggie scrambled eggs are a great way of incorporating some greens into your toddlers diet without any fuss. You can play around with whatever veggies are in your fridge, just dont overdo it if you have a picky eater. The idea is to add more and more vegetables as he or she gets used to…

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The 3M Value Index Score (VIS) is a population-centric value measure that complements existing quality and total cost-of-care (TCC) metrics.

I knew I should not have done it but the opportunity presented itself and I had to go for it. I have always been a fan of the Prancing Horse but have never...

اَللَّهُمَّ إِِنِّيْ أَعُوْذُبِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لاَ يَنْفَعُ , وَمِنْ قَلْبٍ لاَ يَخْشَعُ , وَمِنْ نَفْسٍ لاَ تَشْبَعُ , وَمِنْ دَعْوَةٍ لاَ يُسْتَجَابُ لَهاَ ...

اَللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْعَجْزِ وَالْكَسَلِ وَنَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُبْنِ وَالْبُخْلِ وَنَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ غَلَبَةِ الدَّيْنِ وَقَهْرِ الرِّجَالِ ...

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Ministri i jashtëm i Shqipërisë, Kastriot Islami, ka arritur për një vizitë dyditëshe në Prishtinë, ku do të takohet me shefin e UNMIK-ut, Soren Jessen-Petersen, presidentin Ibrahim Rugova, kryeministrin Bajram Kosumi, udhëheqësit e opozitës, Hashim Thaçin e Veton Surroin, si dhe me bartësin e...

Hougen, H. P., Jensen, E. T. & Klausen, B., sep. 1989, I : A P M I S. Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica. 97, 9, s. 825-832 8 s.. Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt ...

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Acylcarnitine accumulation in skeletal muscle and plasma has been observed in numerous models of mitochondrial lipid overload and insulin resistance. Fish oil n3PUFA (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) are thought to protect against lipid-induced insulin resistance. The present study tested the hypothesis that the addition of n3PUFA to an intravenous lipid emulsion would limit muscle acylcarnitine accumulation and reduce the inhibitory effect of lipid overload on insulin action. On three occasions, six healthy young men underwent a 6-h euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp accompanied by intravenous infusion of saline (Control), 10% Intralipid® [n6PUFA (omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids)] or 10% Intralipid®+10% Omegaven® (2:1; n3PUFA). The decline in insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose infusion rate, muscle PDCa (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation) and glycogen storage associated with n6PUFA compared with Control was prevented with n3PUFA. Muscle acetyl-CoA accumulation was greater ...

Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of preterm birth at ~0.9 of term after antenatal maternal betamethasone on insulin sensitivity, secretion and key determinants in adulthood, in a clinically relevant animal model. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) and whole-body insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) were measured and tissue collected in young adult sheep (14 months old) after epostane-induced preterm (9M, 7F) or term delivery (11M, 6F). Glucose tolerance and disposition, insulin secretion, β-cell mass and insulin sensitivity did not differ between term and preterm sheep. Hepatic PRKAG2 expression was greater in preterm than in term males (P = 0.028), but did not differ between preterm and term females. In skeletal muscle, SLC2A4 (P = 0.019), PRKAA2 (P = 0.021) and PRKAG2 (P = 0.049) ...

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is associated with multi-organ (hepatic, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) insulin resistance (IR). Exercise is an effective treatment for lowering liver fat but its effect on insulin resistance in NAFLD is unknown. We aimed to determine whether supervised exercise in NAFLD would reduce liver fat and improve hepatic and peripheral (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) insulin sensitivity.Sixty nine NAFLD patients were randomised to 16 weeks exercise supervision ( n =38) orcounselling ( n =31) without dietary modification.All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy to assess changes in body fat, and in liver and skeletal muscle triglyceride, before and following exercise/counselling. To quantify changes in hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, a pre-determined subset ( n =12 per group) underwent a two-stage hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp pre- and post-intervention. Results are shown as mean (95% CI). Fifty participants (30 ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to explore whether fat cell size in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue is independently related to insulin action and adipokine levels.. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fat cells were prepared from abdominal subcutaneous biopsies obtained from 49 type 2 diabetic and 83 non-diabetic subjects and from omental biopsies obtained from 37 non-diabetic subjects. Cell size and insulin action on glucose uptake capacity in vitro were assessed in isolated fat cells. Insulin sensitivity in vivo was assessed with euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps. Fasting blood samples were collected and adipokines and NEFA were measured.. RESULTS: Negative correlations were found between subcutaneous fat cell size and insulin sensitivity assessed as M-value during clamp and as insulin action on glucose uptake in fat cells in vitro. This was seen in non-diabetic subjects after including age, sex and BMI in the analyses. No such relationship was found in type 2 diabetic ...

Objective: In this retrospective analysis of the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance database, a clamp data pooling project, a cardiovascular risk score (CVS) was assessed to verify whether hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance were independent cardiovascular risk factors and to investigate how menopause affected CVS and insulin resistance. Design: Information was obtained on whole-body glucose uptake (M), determined by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, normalized by fat-free mass (FFM), and insulin concentration (1) at a steady state. Body composition was estimated using a labeled water technique or bioimpedance. Other parameters measured included blood pressure, lipid levels, and waist-to-hip ratio. CVS was computed using a structural equation model that included age, body mass index, blood lipids, and blood pressure. The study population included 523 normal and overweight patients. Women were grouped according to fertility status, and men, according to age ...

The responses of dairy cattle to chromium (Cr) supplementation reported in the literature suggest that it has the potential to reduce the incidence of both mastitis and ketosis. The effect of Cr supplementation of pasture fed dairy cows in early lactation was studied. Ten lactating Jersey cows fitted with rumen fistula were infused with either Cr-yeast (n=4), casein (n=3) or buffer only (controls; n=3) directly into the abomasum. All cows were subjected to a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. Preliminary results show that there was no effect of Cr supplementation on milk yield, cortisol and b-hydroxy butyrate concentrations and somatic cell counts ...

To date, there is no single test that can diagnose insulin resistance. A World Health Organization (WHO) consensus group concluded that the Insulin Sensitivity Index (SI) of the lowest 25 percent of a general population can be considered insulin-resistant. Insulin sensitivity shows ethnical- and gender-based variations.35-37 The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique, considered the gold standard for diagnosing insulin resistance, is impractical in a clinical setting. HOMA IR might be a more practical alternative as its value is calculated using an equation (Figure 4) and is considered to replicate the clamp technique.38. A HOMA IR cut-off value of 2.5 has been identified to diagnose metabolic syndrome in urban Indian adolescents.39 An Indian study of adults identified a cut-off value of 2.41 to diagnose insulin resistance.40. The OGTT with insulin measurements at fasting and two hours after 75g glucose ingestion is a practical approach to diagnose insulin resistance. WHO defines the upper ...

BACKGROUND: Impaired mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle is implicated in the development of insulin resistance. However, potential differences in fatness and fitness may influence previous results. METHODS: Subjects (n=18) were divided into insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) groups by median glucose infusion rate during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Weight, VO2max (maximal aerobic capacity), and percentage body fat were measured before and after 6 continuous weeks of aerobic exercise training at 55-70% VO2max (40 min/session, 4 d/wk). RESULTS: Age, percentage fat, and VO2max were not different between IS and IR groups at baseline. Expression of the nuclear encoded PGC1alpha and mitochondrial encoded gene COX1 were significantly lower in the IR group (P|0.05). Citrate synthase activity and protein levels of subunits from complexes I and III of the respiratory chain were also lower in the IR group (P|0.05). Insulin sensitivity and aerobic fitness were increased after exercise

Harvard Apparatus offers a complete Glucose Clamp Infusion System for rats or mice including syringe pumps, swivels, tethers and catheters. Multiple syringe pumps push glucose, insulin and a drug, tracer glucose or other fluids into a 3 or 4-way connector which combines and reaches the animal via one channel of a dual channel swivel. Blood samples are taken manually or with an automated sampler on

INTRODUCTION: Accurate assessment of muscle insulin sensitivity requires measurement of insulin concentration in interstitial fluid (ISF), but has proved difficult. We aimed to optimise measurement of ISF insulin concentrations in rat muscles in vivo using microdialysis. METHODS: Factorial experimental design experiments were performed in vitro to determine optimal conditions for insulin recovery with microdialysis probes. These conditions were tested in vivo, adjusted appropriately and used in lean and obese Zucker rats to compare ISF insulin concentrations basally and during hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic (HE) clamp. RESULTS: Optimal conditions in vivo were: a 100kDa microdialysis probe inserted in muscle, perfused with 1% BSA, 1.5mM glucose in 0.9% sodium chloride at 1μl/min. Samples were collected into siliconised glass microvials. As a reference for insulin, we established a protocol of inulin infusion, beginning at -80min and reaching equilibrium within 60min. HE clamp, beginning at 0min, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dissociation between metabolic and vascular insulin resistance in aging. AU - Schulman, Ivonne Hernandez. AU - Zhou, Ming Sheng. AU - Jaimes, Edgar A.. AU - Raij, Leopoldo. PY - 2007/7. Y1 - 2007/7. N2 - Physiological actions of insulin via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in the endothelium serve to couple regulation of hemodynamic and metabolic homeostasis. Insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension increase in prevalence with aging. We investigated the metabolic and endothelial actions of insulin in 24- vs. 3-mo Sprague-Dawley rats. With the use of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, the rate of glucose infusion necessary to maintain equivalent plasma glucose (5.5 mmol/l) was similar in 24- vs. 3-mo rats, as was fasting glucose (5.2 ± 0.33 vs. 4.4 ± 0.37 mmol/l; mean ± SE) and insulin (0.862 ± 0.193 vs. 1.307 ± 0.230 mg/l). Systolic blood pressure was higher in 24-mo rats (133 ± 5 vs. 110 ± 4 mmHg; P = 0.005). Endothelial ...

Identifying the mechanisms by which insulin regulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle is critical to understanding the etiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Our knowledge of these mechanisms is limited by the difficulty of obtaining in vivo intracellular data. To quantitatively distinguish significant transport and metabolic mechanisms from limited experimental data, we developed a physiologically based, multiscale mathematical model of cellular metabolic dynamics in skeletal muscle. The model describes mass transport and metabolic processes including distinctive processes of the cytosol and mitochondria. The model simulated skeletal muscle metabolic responses to insulin corresponding to human hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies. Insulin-mediated rate of glucose disposal was the primary model input. For model validation, simulations were compared with experimental data: intracellular metabolite concentrations and patterns of glucose disposal. Model variations were ...

Change to an isocaloric, low-fat diet in Type 1 diabetic patients during a 3-month period resulted in significant improvement in insulin sensitivity without improvement in glycaemic control. However, insulin sensitivity remained 33% lower than in control subjects.

Looking for online definition of euglycemic in the Medical Dictionary? euglycemic explanation free. What is euglycemic? Meaning of euglycemic medical term. What does euglycemic mean?

Vitek results showing the antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of E. coli MG1655 lac plus strain adapted through 1,000 generations to the combined exposure of LSMMG and background levels of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 1000G = 100C = 1,000 generations of growth; S = sensitive; R = resistant; I = inconclusive; 10E, 20E … 110E = 10, 20 … 110 generations of adaptation erasure performed by growing the 1000G-BA strain in shaker flasks without any antibiotics. Download Table S3, PDF file, 0.05 MB. ...

Exercise increases insulin sensitivity, one of its greatest benefits. But carbohydrates after exercise inhibit its ability to improve insulin sensitivity.

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Việc Xưởng NH3 mở rộng của Tổng công ty Phân bón và Hóa chất (PVFCCo) đi vào vận hành thương mại đúng tiến độ và đúng vào lúc giá thị trường diễn biến tăng, làm cho niềm vui của PVFCCo được nhân đôi trước thềm năm mới Mậu Tuất 2018. Bên cạnh việc duy trì vị thế là doanh nghiệp sản xuất kinh doanh phân bón hàng đầu trong nước, PVFCCo còn chú trọng phát triển lĩnh vực sản xuất hóa chất, tập trung vào các sản phẩm hóa chất dầu khí, hóa chất chuyên dụng, với mục tiêu là

module example %inline %{ // Returns the matrix [1 2; 3 4]; double **create_matrix() { double **M; int i; M = (double **) malloc(2 * sizeof(double *)); for (i = 0; i , 2; i++) { M[i] = (double *) malloc(2 * sizeof(double)); M[i][0] = 2 * i + 1; M[i][1] = 2 * i + 2; } return M; } // Gets the item M(i, j) value double get_matrix(double **M, int i, int j) { return M[i][j]; } // Sets the item M(i, j) value to be val void set_matrix(double **M, int i, int j, double val) { M[i][j] = val; } // Prints a matrix (2, 2) to console void print_matrix(double **M, int nbRows, int nbCols) { int i, j; for (i = 0; i , 2; i++) { for (j = 0; j , 2; j++) { printf(%3g , M[i][j]); } printf(\n ...

An electrical meter with integral AC current clamp is known as a clamp meter, clamp-on ammeter, tong tester, or colloquially as an amp clamp. A clamp meter measures the vector sum of the currents flowing in all the conductors passing through the probe, which depends on the phase relationship of the currents. Only one conductor is normally passed through the probe. In particular if the clamp is closed around a two-conductor cable carrying power to equipment, the same current flows down one conductor and up the other; the meter correctly reads a net current of zero. As electrical cables for equipment have both insulated conductors (and possibly an earth wire) bonded together, clamp meters are often used with what is essentially a short extension cord with the two conductors separated, so that the clamp can be placed around only one conductor of this extension. A relatively recent development is a multi-conductor clamp meter with several sensor coils around the jaws of the clamp. This could be ...

An electrical meter with integral AC current clamp is known as a clamp meter, clamp-on ammeter, tong tester, or colloquially as an amp clamp. A clamp meter measures the vector sum of the currents flowing in all the conductors passing through the probe, which depends on the phase relationship of the currents. Only one conductor is normally passed through the probe. In particular if the clamp is closed around a two-conductor cable carrying power to equipment, the same current flows down one conductor and up the other; the meter correctly reads a net current of zero. As electrical cables for equipment have both insulated conductors (and possibly an earth wire) bonded together, clamp meters are often used with what is essentially a short extension cord with the two conductors separated, so that the clamp can be placed around only one conductor of this extension. A relatively recent development was a multi-conductor clamp meter with several sensor coils around the jaws of the clamp. This could be ...

A jaw-type surgical clamp having replaceable clamp members is disclosed. The jaws are pivotally movable and include telescoping attachment portions and anti-rotation surfaces. The clamp members connect to the attachment portions and include anti-rotation surfaces that engage the anti-rotation surfaces of the jaws to prevent rotation. Mutually engagable structures releasably lock the jaws and the clamp members together.

Switch Buffalo BS-G2024P là sản phẩm vừa được ra mắt của hãng công nghệ đến từ Nhật Bản. Cùng review những tính năng nổi bật của Switch 24 port này.

Switch Buffalo BS-G2024P là sản phẩm vừa được ra mắt của hãng công nghệ đến từ Nhật Bản. Cùng review những tính năng nổi bật của Switch 24 port này.

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Universiteti i Prishtinës (UP) është universitet publik në Prishtinë, Kosovë. Eshte universiteti më i madh dhe më i vjeter në Kosovë.

Find a fork clamp, fork positioner, paper roll clamp and other used forklift attachments and forklift accessories here at great competitive prices.

Microbial Syntrophy aims to understand the physiology and metabolic flexibility of microbial communities in relation to their environment.

As the highest accredited Computer Recycling & Disposal Company in the UK, we know how important it is to provide you with a viable commercial IT disposals solution in a high security environment.

Returns a new curve representing a substring of this curve. The startDistance and endDistance arguments specify the length along the curve which the substring should start and end at. If the endDistance is greater than the total length of the curve then any extra length will be ignored.. If z or m values are present, the output z and m will be interpolated using the existing vertices z or m values.. ...

Kyoritsu 2200 AC Digital Clamp Meter AC/DC/Ω 1000A Slim Handy design in Industrial, Electrical & Test Equipment, Test, Measurement & Inspection | eBay!

Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , Ato \ Right Tube Clamp \ 1292108 for more molecular products just contact us

this videos covers challenge and solution for synchronous rectification (sr) and light-load operation of active clamp flyback converter.

W artykule przedstawiono genezę i sposób funkcjonowania hiszpańskiej partii politycznej Podemos, która powstała w roku 2014 i szybko uzyskała znaczącą pozycję w hiszpańskim systemie politycznym. Partia ta zazwyczaj określana jest jako ugrupowanie należące do nurtu populistycznego. W artykule przedstawione zostały argumenty na rzecz potraktowania Podemos jako emanacji hiszpańskiego ruchu społecznego znanego jako Ruch 15-M i tym samym zasadności analizowania jej również przy użyciu kategorii teoretycznej „partii-ruchu, zaproponowanej przez Herberta Kitschelta. Zastosowanie tej kategorii nie oznacza negacji populistycznego charakteru Podemos, natomiast pozwala na bardziej precyzyjne uchwycenie specyfiki tego ugrupowania ...

ALUMIL u dallua sërish në ceremoninë e ndarjes së çmimeve të SUPERBRANDS, arbitri më i madh i markës, me prani në më shumë se 80 vende në botë.

Perde duvar ve döşemelerdeki, soğuk derz vegenleşme derzlerin yalıtımı için uygulanır.. Ambalaj. • Karton kutuda 20 m rulo.. Özellikler. • Seyreltik asidik ve alkali çözeltilere dayanıklıdır.. • UV dayanımına sahiptir.. • Yüksek elastikiyete ve yapışma mukavemetine sahiptir.. • Soğukta esnekliğini korur.. • Yüksek su basıncına dayanıklıdır.. • Sıcak hava ile kaynaklanabilir.. • Kolay uygulanır.. ...

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