Intracisternal A-particle (IAP) proviral elements are moderately reiterated and widely dispersed in the mouse genome. Oligonucleotide probes have been derived from three distinctive IAP element subfamilies (LS elements) that are transcriptionally active in normal mouse B- and T-cells. In HindIII digests, LS element-specific oligonucleotides each react with a limited number of restriction fragments that represent junctions between proviral and flanking DNA. These fragments have characteristic strain distribution patterns (SDPs) which are polymorphic in the DNAs of different mouse strains. We have established chromosomal assignments for 44 LS proviral loci by comparing their SDPs with those of known genetic markers in the BXD set of RI mouse strains. Some of the loci have also been scored in the CXB RI set. The IAP LS loci can provide a significant number of markers with a recognized genetic organization to the mouse genome map.

Mammalian genomes harbor many families of repetitive sequences which are unique in their genomic distributions, evolutionary histories, mechanisms of replication, and degree of activity. It is not clear why some elements, such as LINE-1s, have maintained activity in nearly all mammals, while others, such as SINEs and ERVs, tend to be limited in their phylogenetic distribution and subject to more frequent extinction events. Even with respect to ERVs, it is not clear why some genomic invasions result in only a limited number of copies and a limited phylogenetic distribution, whereas others, such as intracisternal A-particle (IAP) elements, are more widely distributed and prolific in some genomes. The large phylogenetic distances between well-characterized mammalian genomes make it more difficult to address these questions.. In the present study we have identified members of a group of endogenous retroviruses we call mysTR. This group includes an endogenous retrovirus fragment that was recently ...

Repetitive elements (REs) have the potential to actively interfere with the normal transcription of genes located in their immediate vicinity along the chromosome. The Mammalian Genome Group originally described one of the first instances of how a RE can interfere with the normal expression of a gene. In this case, a promoter on the long terminal repeat (LTR) of an an intracisternal A particle (IAP) element, located within an intron, was demonstrated to hijack the normal regulated expression of the agouti gene in the skin. The finding was ultimately shown to result in the ubiquitous expression of the agouti protein which, in turn, was associated with a yellow coat color, obesity, and type II diabetes in mice (1, 2). Most notably, the group also previously showed that the ability of the IAP to hijack the expression of agouti is dependent upon the epigenetic status of the IAP: methylation of the IAP to suppress its ability to influence agouti expression (2). Moreover, other groups have ...

Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP. Online im Internet; URL: https://www.iap.fraunhofer.de/de/Das_Fraunhofer_IAP/Auszeichnungen.html. Datum: 14.11.2019 18:59. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Intracisternal administration of transforming growth factor-β evokes fever through the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in brain endothelial cells. AU - Matsumura, Shigenobu. AU - Shibakusa, Tetsuro. AU - Fujikawa, Teppei. AU - Yamada, Hiroyuki. AU - Matsumura, Kiyoshi. AU - Inoue, Kazuo. AU - Fushiki, Tohru. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2008/1. Y1 - 2008/1. N2 - Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a pleiotropic cytokine, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and plays a key role in development and tissue homeostasis. TGF-β functions as an anti-inflammatory cytokine because it suppresses microglia and B-lymphocyte functions, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, we previously demonstrated that the intracisternal administration of TGF-β induces fever like that produced by proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of TGF-β-induced fever. The ...

Gauthami S. Kondagari, Barbara M. King, Peter C. Thomson, Peter Williamson, Peter R. Clements, Maria Fuller, Kim M. Hemsley, John J. Hopwood, Rosanne M. Taylor ...

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The Mammalian Genome Group is broadly interested in understanding the role of epigenomic transcriptional regulation in an organisms response to environmental exposures. We are specifically interested in studying the role of repetitive elements in these processes.. All mammalian genomes are comprised of a large assortment of different classes repetitive elements (REs) that include LINEs, intracisternal A particles (IAPs), VL30 elements, endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs), SINEs, transposons, and various other types of repetitive elements. These REs are distributed across the entire genome and are highly abundant; in fact, it has been estimated that REs comprise over 50% of a typical mammalian genome. Many of these elements have powerful regulatory elements and exhibit complex patterns of transcriptional expression throughout mammalian development.. Most notably, these REs have the potential to actively interfere with the normal transcription of genes located in their immediate ...

United States Patent IWI Hedstrom l l ()Cl. 2, 1973 LASER-DRIVEN FUSION REACTOR 1731 Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC. 221 Filed: Mar. 1, 1972 21 Appl. No.: 230,863 [52] U.S. Cl. 176/1 [51] Int. Cl. G2lb 1/00 [58] Field of Search 176/1 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,624,239 11/1971 Fraas 176/1 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPL1CAT1ONS 855.859 12/1960 Great Britain 176/1 Primary ExaminerReuben Epstein Attorney-Roland A. Anderson [57] ABSTRACT A laser-driven fusion reactor consisting of concentric spherical vessels in which the thermonuclear energy is derived from a deuterium-tritium (D+T) burn within a pellet, located at the center of the vessels and initiated by a laser pulse. The resulting a-particle energy and a small fraction of the neutron energy are deposited within the pellet; this pellet energy is eventually transformed into sensible heat oflithium in a condenser outside the vessels. The remaining ...

Recent research results indicate that viral sequences are part of us. Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) or endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) have been identified in eukaryotic genomes including the human genome. The findings revealed the enormous scale of the invasion of vertebrate genomes by viral sequences. Weiss and Stoye report in a paper that was published…

AZD5582，一种新型的小分子|b|IAP|/b|抑制剂，与|b|cIAP1|/b|, |b|cIAP2|/b|和|b|XIAP|/b|的BIR3区域有效结合，IC50分别为15, 21, 15 nM。

Maksud GLC ? GLC ditakrif sebagai syarikat yang mempunyai objektif komersil yang primer dan kepentingannya dikawal secara langsung oleh Kerajaan Malaysia. Mengawal kepentingan merujuk kepada keupayaan atau kuasa Kerajaan (bukan sekadar peratus pemilikan) untuk melantik anggota Lembaga Pengarah, pengurusan atasan dan membuat keputusan utama terhadap GLC (contohnya, pemberian kontrak, strategi, penstrukturan semula dan pembiayaan, pemerolehan serta pemberhentian pelaburan), sama ada secara langsung atau melalui Syarikat Pelaburan Berkaitan Kerajaan (GLIC ...

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CAPE is an effective inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation in PC-3 cells, but the mechanism of apoptosis, and the corresponding loss of IAP expression, is caspase-dependent.

IAP (Inhibitors of Apoptosis) is a family of functionally and structurally related proteins, which serve as endogenous inhibitors of programmed cell death (apoptosis). A common feature of all IAPs is the presence of a BIR in one to three copies. The human IAP family consists of 8 members, and IAP homologs have been identified in numerous organisms. The members of the IAPs included IAPs, Cp-IAP, Op-IAP, XIAP, c-IAPl, C-IAP2, NAIP, Livin and Survivin. The best characterized IAP is XIAP, which binds caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase 7, thereby inhibiting their activation and preventing apoptosis. Also cIAP1 and cIAP2 have been shown to bind caspases, although how the IAPs inhibit apoptosis mechanistically at the molecular level is not completely understood.. ...

Converse Lyapunov theorems are presented for nonautonomous systems modelled as skew product flows. These characterize various types of stability of invariant sets and pullback, forward and uniform attractors in such nonautonomous systems.

Exchange Grant 2020/21. Like with the IAPS Member Action Programme, IAPS wishes to encourage its members to leverage their membership in a single international association and bring their student members together for events where they can share ideas and closely interact. One way that IAPS has decided to do this is by offering to financially support exchange events between IAPS members, where students can undertake reciprocal visits and interactions with those in another country.. Projects. The project must consist of an exchange between students studying in two different countries, and involve National or Local Committees from the same. The event should have a reciprocal element; this can be done in the one event, or with the exchange being repeated in successive years. The activities at their core should help the members of the participating NC/LCs to exchange ideas and share experiences. Projects should include social and scientific events as well.. The suggested format of an event has the ...

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Active oxygen species are suggested to be concerned with various senile disorders. Tea catechins, (+)catechin (CA), (-)epicatechin (EC) and (-)epigallocatechin gallate, are polyhydroxy-fravan derivatives from tea leaves and have been proposed to possess active oxygen scavenging effect. Tea catechins protected the cultured newborn-mouse cerebral nerve cells from death induced by glucose oxidase. The protective potency of (-)epigallocatechin gallate was weaker than those of EC and CA. Learning ability of mice was assessed by a step-down-type passive avoidance test, and memory impairment of mice was achieved by intracisternal injection of glucose oxidase or cerebral ischemia induced by 10 min occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Intracisternal injection of EC improved the memory impairment induced by intracisternal glucose oxidase, and i.v. injection of CA or EC improved that induced by the cerebral ischemia. CA and EC depressed carrageenin-induced edema in rat hind paw, but ...

Murine myeloma tumor cells in culture produce intracisternal, A-type, virus-like particles, as well as C-type particles [l-3… Expand ...

Dr. Leppik studied biology at the Lomonosov Moscow State University specializing in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Her diploma thesis was focused on analysis of human genes, which are alternatively transcribed in different normal and tumor human tissues. Her PhD research was conducted at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, and focused on comparative analysis of retroviral element activity in normal and tumor human tissues ...

The FAbRIC (FPGA Research Infrastructure Cloud) project acquires and maintain comprehensive testbed systems and their tools for open use by researchers wishing to explore the power of reconfigurable hardware. Reconfigurable hardware has tremendous potential in terms of performance and power efficiency. However, the high cost of such systems, the high cost of the tools needed to program such systems, and need to program at a very low level together put such systems out of reach of most researchers. The default usage model for Fabric is open source to play, which enables anyone who agrees to let the team publish their open source code use the facility free of charge. Such a shared platform with industrial-strength tools and open sourced code finally enables true reproducibility of research results and the ability to leverage others work.. The original Fabric uses Convey FPGA platforms, and a more recent update added IBM Power 8 processors with NVIDIA GPUs and FPGAs from Altera and Xilinx for ...

Paola Salvatore is the author of this article in the Journal of Visualized Experiments: Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Description: Alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion aminopeptidase; generates alkaline phosphatase isozyme 3 subunit lacking the N-terminal ...

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No agents were injured as they wear Personal Protective Equipment that includes masks and gloves. May 30, 2020 SEATTLE - A five-month investigation into a scheme to sell fentanyl-tainted counterfeit opiod pills with M-30 markings has led to the arres

In our previous work beta-endorphin, morphine, and d-ala2-met-enkephalinamide in the nanomolar range were found to produce preferential vasodepressor responses and bradycardia upon intracisternal (i....

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