TY - JOUR. T1 - Extracellular Vpr protein increases cellular permissiveness to human immunodeficiency virus replication and reactivates virus from latency. AU - Levy, David N.. AU - Refaeli, Yosef. AU - Weiner, David B.. PY - 1995/2. Y1 - 1995/2. N2 - The vpr gene product of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus is a virion-associated regulatory protein that has been shown using vpr mutant viruses to increase virus replication, particularly in monocytes/macrophages. We have previously shown that vpr can directly inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation, events linked to the control of HIV replication, and also that the replication of a vpr mutant but not that of wild-type HIV type 1 (HIV-1) was compatible with cellular proliferation (D. N. Levy, L. S. Fernandes, W. V. Williams, and D. B. Weiner, Cell 72:541-550, 1993). Here we show that purified recombinant Vpr protein, in concentrations of ,100 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml, increases wild-type HIV-1 ...

Vpr is a Human immunodeficiency virus gene and protein product. Vpr stands for Viral Protein R. Vpr, a 96 amino acid 14-kDa protein, plays an important role in regulating nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex, and is required for virus replication in non-dividing cells such as macrophages. Vpr also induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in proliferating cells, which can result in immune dysfunction. Vpr is also immunosuppressive due to its ability to sequester a proinflammatory transcriptional activator in the cytoplasm. HIV-2 contains both a Vpr protein and a related (by sequence homology) Vpx protein (Viral Protein X). Two functions of Vpr in HIV-1 are split between Vpr and Vpx in HIV-2, with the HIV-2 Vpr protein inducing cell cycle arrest and the Vpx protein required for nuclear import. Vpr-binding protein (VprBP) is a 1,507-amino-acid human protein that contains conserved domains, including YXXY repeats, the Lis homology motif, and WD40 repeats. VprBP acts as a ...

1ESX: NMR structure of the HIV-1 regulatory protein Vpr in H2O/trifluoroethanol. Comparison with the Vpr N-terminal (1-51) and C-terminal (52-96) domains.

1ESX: NMR structure of the HIV-1 regulatory protein Vpr in H2O/trifluoroethanol. Comparison with the Vpr N-terminal (1-51) and C-terminal (52-96) domains.

The multi-functional viral protein R (Vpr), which represents a highly conserved regulatory protein of HIV-1, has been shown to interact with several host cell factors and a number of biological functions have been attributed to its presence in various cellular and extra cellular compartments. Vpr can be envisioned as a typical effector molecule since it deploys several functions in the virus replication cycle. Even more, due to its presence as a virus-free soluble molecule in the peripheral blood, and due to its capability to transduce cell membranes, Vpr can affect a variety of target cells, even those that can not be infected with HIV. Although dispensable for growth of HIV-1 in dividing cultured T-cells, Vpr appears to play an important role in virus replication in vivo. The most intensively investigated biological functions of Vpr are those affecting the (i) translocation of the pre-integration complex (PIC) of the incoming virus from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, the (ii) induction of a ...

The HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) is incorporated into virus particle during budding suggesting that its presence in the mature virion is required in the early steps of the virus life cycle in newly infected cells. Vpr is released into the host cell cytoplasm to participate to the translocation of the preintegration complex (PIC) into the nucleus for integration of the viral DNA into the host genome. Actually, Vpr plays a key role in the activation of the transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR), mediates cell cycle arrest in G2 to M transition, facilitates apoptosis and controls the fidelity of reverse transcription ...

were performed using Graphpad Prism software program, and p-values had been calculated utilizing a Welchs t-test or a proportion t-test. Acknowledgements We thank Proteomics Reference Center, Rockefeller School for mass spectrometry analysis. induces (G2/M) cell routine arrest. Nevertheless, the identities of Vpr focus on proteins by which these natural results are exerted are unidentified. We show a chromosome periphery proteins, CCDC137/cPERP-B, is normally targeted for depletion by HIV-1 Vpr, within a cullin4A-DDB1-DCAF1 reliant way. CCDC137 depletion triggered G2/M cellcycle arrest, while Vpr-resistant CCDC137 mutants conferred level of resistance Rabbit Polyclonal to GIPR to Vpr-induced G2/M arrest. CCDC137 depletion recapitulated the power of Vpr to improve HIV-1 gene appearance also, in macrophages particularly. Our findings indicate that Vpr promotes cell-cycle HIV-1 and arrest gene expression through depletion of CCDC137. gene, enabling dimension of HIV-1 reporter gene appearance in ...

chains in the Genus database with same CATH superfamily 2ZCN A; 3G1L A; 3EGQ A; 2FX0 A; 3BR5 A; 2W53 A; 3RD3 A; 2F07 A; 5FKM A; 1JUS A; 3JSJ A; 2VKE A; 2PZ9 A; 5HSZ A; 3BTC A; 2O7T A; 3SFI A; 2QWT A; 2V57 A; 1JTX A; 2TRT A; 2JJ7 A; 3FRQ A; 4GCK A; 5F0H A; 2IBD A; 3BR2 A; 1BJZ A; 4W1U A; 3NPI A; 5K7F A; 1Z0X A; 3G56 A; 3G7R A; 4PXI A; 5HBU A; 4MXM A; 4AC0 A; 4GCL A; 5FKK A; 1T56 A; 2WV1 A; 3C2B A; 1A6I A; 4CGR A; 3CWR A; 3BTJ A; 2OI8 A; 3LJL A; 2ZCX A; 5J1U A; 2ID6 A; 2QIB A; 4D7N A; 4JL3 A; 5GP9 A; 3NRG A; 3BNI A; 3BRU A; 3MNL A; 2OF7 A; 4MK6 A; 3G1M A; 5GPC A; 3ON4 A; 3DCF A; 3ZQF A; 2WUI A; 2NP3 A; 2XRL A; 3KNW A; 1Z77 A; 5F27 A; 4ME9 A; 3VOK A; 3VOX A; 2GFN A; 5IOZ A; 3HTI A; 4GFK A; 4GCT A; 3CRJ A; 5FKN A; 1QPI A; 5GPA A; 2UXI A; 3IH2 A; 5D19 A; 2FQ4 A; 3HE0 A; 3F0C A; 2YVE A; 3HGG A; 2DTZ A; 1QVT A; 2EH3 A; 3AQS A; 1ZK8 A; 3V78 A; 3PM1 A; 2G7L A; 5H9T A; 3B81 A; 2REK A; 4M3E A; 3BTL A; 3HGY A; 3QQA A; 3VVZ A; 5CXI A; 3ZQG A; 5FKO A; 2XPW A; 5C4Y A; 2HKU A; 5F0F A; 3VPR A; 3ANG A; 3KZ9 A; ...

During virus replication, may deplete host UNG protein, and incude G2-M cell cycle arrest. Acts by targeting specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, through association with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex by direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the VPR carried into the virion. Additionally, VPR induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, VPR may also induce cell death to bystander cells.

During virus entry, plays a role in the transport of the viral pre-integration (PIC) complex to the host nucleus. This function is crucial for viral infection of non-dividing macrophages. May act directly at the nuclear pore complex, by binding nucleoporins phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat regions.

BACKGROUND: The hallmark of HIV-1 pathogenesis is the progressive CD4(+) T cell depletion and high propensity of CD4(+) T cells to apoptosis. HIV-1 viral

BioAssay record AID 587744 submitted by ChEMBL: Antiviral activity against single-round HIV1 NLX.Lux-R harboring inactivating mutations in env, vpr and carries firefly luciferase gene in place of nef assessed as level of infection using human HeLaT4 cells pretreated at 100 time EC95 for 24 hrs followed by exposed to virus after 2 to 4 hrs of 3 times compound washout relative to untreated control cells.

BioAssay record AID 587752 submitted by ChEMBL: Antiviral activity against single-round HIV1 NLX.Lux-R harboring inactivating mutations in env, vpr and carries firefly luciferase gene in place of nef assessed as suppression of 2 mins magnetic nanopartials-medated residual infection in human HeLaT4 cells treated at 100 time EC95 for 1 measured after 11 hrs of 3 times compound washout and rewashed 48 hrs post infection by by time-of-addition pulse assay relative to untreated control.

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One of the regulatory genes of HIV; it influences viral replication; also the protein produced by that gene. Three HIV regulatory genes--tat, rev, and nef--and three so-called auxiliary genes--vif, vpr, and vpu--contain information necessary for the production of proteins that control the viruss ability to infect a cell, produce new copies of the virus or cause disease. See also REV; TAT ...

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As a continuation of our previous discovery of the interaction of CypA with Vpr, these interactions have in this work been characterized in detail at atomic resolution. Direct experimental evidence that all four conserved Pro residues in Vpr undergo cis/trans isomerism in aqueous solution at pH 7 that is catalyzed by CypA was achieved. Only small amounts of enzyme are required and the NMR method is sufficiently sensitive to detect these effects in ratios of substrate to enzyme as high as 672:1.. The apparent differentiation between the results originating from interaction studies performed by NMR spectroscopy and SPR indicates a different additional mode of interaction observed in the latter case. The fact that only N-terminal Vpr peptides containing Pro-35 bind to CypA in the Biacore assay and strong binding is maintained in the heptapeptide s Vpr32-38, although CypA also catalyzes prolyl cis/trans interconversions of Pro-5, 10 and 14 of s Vpr1-20 as shown by NMR spectroscopy at atomic ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - HIV-1 Vpr Accelerates Viral Replication during Acute Infection by Exploitation of Proliferating CD4+ T Cells In Vivo. AU - Sato, Kei. AU - Misawa, Naoko. AU - Iwami, Shingo. AU - Satou, Yorifumi. AU - Matsuoka, Masao. AU - Ishizaka, Yukihito. AU - Ito, Mamoru. AU - Aihara, Kazuyuki. AU - An, Dong Sung. AU - Koyanagi, Yoshio. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - The precise role of viral protein R (Vpr), an HIV-1-encoded protein, during HIV-1 infection and its contribution to the development of AIDS remain unclear. Previous reports have shown that Vpr has the ability to cause G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HIV-1-infected cells in vitro. In addition, vpr is highly conserved in transmitted/founder HIV-1s and in all primate lentiviruses, which are evolutionarily related to HIV-1. Although these findings suggest an important role of Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis, its direct evidence in vivo has not been shown. Here, by using ...

Viral diversity and abundance are defining properties of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1s biology and pathogenicity. Despite the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated dementia (HAD) continues to be a devastating consequence of HIV-1 infection of the brain although the underlying disease mechanisms remain uncertain. Herein, molecular diversity within the HIV-1 non-structural gene, Vpr, was examined in RNA sequences derived from brain and blood of HIV/AIDS patients with or without HIV-associated dementia (HAD) together with the ensuing pathobiological effects. Cloned brain- and blood-derived full length vpr alleles revealed that amino acid residue 77 within the brain-derived alleles distinguished HAD (77Q) from non-demented (ND) HIV/AIDS patients (77R) (p | 0.05) although vpr transcripts were more frequently detected in HAD brains (p | 0.05). Full length HIV-1 clones encoding the 77R-ND residue induced higher IFN-α, MX1 and BST-2 transcript levels in human glia relative

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were experimentally infected with strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) derived from SIVmac239 lacking vpr, vpx, or both vpr and vpx genes. These auxiliary genes are not required for virus replication in cultured cells but are consistently conserved within the SIVmac/human immunodeficiency virus type 2/SIVsm group of primate lentiviruses. All four rhesus monkeys infected with the vpr deletion mutant showed an early spike in plasma antigenemia, maintained high virus burdens, exhibited declines in CD4+ lymphocyte concentrations, and had significant changes in lymph node morphology, and two have died to date with AIDS. The behavior of the vpr deletion mutant was indistinguishable from that of the parental, wild-type virus. Rhesus monkeys infected with the vpx deletion mutant showed lower levels of plasma antigenemia, lower virus burdens, and delayed declines in CD4+ lymphocyte concentrations but nonetheless progressed with AIDS to a terminal stage. The ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Construction and In Vitro Properties of SIVmac Mutants with Deletions in Nonessential Genes. AU - Gibbs, James S.. AU - Regier, Dean A.. AU - Desrosiers, Ronald C.. PY - 1994/4. Y1 - 1994/4. N2 - The so-called nonessential genes of primate lentiviruses can be deleted without abrogating the ability of virus to replicate under at least some cell culture conditions. In SIVmac, these genes are vif, vpx, vpr, and nef. Sequences in the upstream region of U3 in the LTR have also been shown to be dispensable for replication in cell culture. We report here the construction and characterization of a panel of 40 single and combination deletion mutants derived from the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239. Deletion of the vpr gene caused little or no change in the growth properties of SIVmac239 in CEMx174 cells, in rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), or in rhesus monkey alveolar macrophages. Deletion of the vpx gene resulted in a greatly reduced rate of replication ...

Linfection par le VIH-1 est caractérisée par une activation chronique du système immunitaire et par une réduction graduelle du nombre de lymphocytes TCD4+, qui contribuent à une détérioration lente du système immunitaire menant à la phase SIDA. Paradoxalement, ce sont majoritairement des lymphocytes T CD4+ non infectés qui sont détruits et la cause de ce phénomène reste encore inconnue. Certaines protéines virales, dont la protéine accessoire Vpr, sont soupçonnées de jouer un rôle dans ce processus. Synthétisée tardivement, Vpr est incorporée à lintérieur des virions, en plus dêtre relâchée sous forme soluble dans le milieu extracellulaire. La principale fonction biologique de Vpr est linduction dun arrêt de cycle en phase G2/M, via le recrutement du complexe dubiquitine E3 ligase CUL4A-DDB1VprBP et lactivation de la voie de dommage à lADN contrôlée par la kinase ATR. Une étude démontre que lactivation des voies de dommages à lADN conduit à ...

The HIV protein, Vpr, is a multifunctional accessory protein critical for efficient viral infection of target CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Vpr is incorporated into virus particles and functions to transport the preintegration complex into the nucleus where the process of viral integration into the host genome is completed. This action is particularly important in macrophages, which as a result of their terminal differentiation and non-proliferative status, would be otherwise more refractory to HIV infection. Vpr has several other critical functions including activation of HIV-1 LTR transcription, cell-cycle arrest due to DCAF-1 binding, and both direct and indirect contributions to T-cell dysfunction. The interactions of Vpr with molecular pathways in the context of macrophages, on the other hand, support accumulation of a persistent reservoir of HIV infection in cells of the myeloid lineage. The role of Vpr in the virus life cycle, as well as its effects on immune cells, appears to play an ...

Virion incorporation of SIVmac316 Env is highly responsive to mutations of potential trafficking motifs.Viruses were produced by transfection of HEK293T cells a

BIO protein rýžového základu s vysokou vstřebatelností. Obsahuje aminokyseliny z hrášku, chia semínek, quinoyi a amarantu.

chains in the Genus database with same CATH superfamily 3QQA A; 1RKW A; 3IUV A; 3DPJ A; 3HTH A; 3FIW A; 3FRQ A; 3BR5 A; 4JKZ A; 3KKC A; 2ZB9 A; 3RD3 A; 2OF7 A; 3WHC A; 2Q24 A; 5IOZ A; 3F0C A; 3WHB A; 3ON2 A; 4L62 A; 3BTI A; 5DAJ A; 3ZQI A; 3NRG A; 1T33 A; 1JT6 A; 3DEW A; 3HTI A; 4D5C A; 5HAW A; 4GCL A; 3SFI A; 2OER A; 2GEN A; 3PM1 A; 3IH3 A; 3VW1 A; 2GUH A; 3MVP A; 2NX4 A; 3JSJ A; 5F04 A; 3KZ9 A; 2D6Y A; 3BNI A; 4D5F A; 2O7T A; 1RKT A; 2VPR A; 2FD5 A; 4B1R A; 5H9T A; 3E7Q A; 3BR2 A; 2G3B A; 2XPU A; 2DTZ A; 5J3L A; 1Z77 A; 2FJ1 A; 3HIM A; 2XB5 A; 2HKU A; 5GPC A; 4GFK A; 1A6I A; 2G7S A; 3HGG A; 5IOY A; 3HTA A; 3LHQ A; 3EGQ A; 3VVX A; 1BJZ A; 2XGE A; 2NS8 A; 2HQ5 A; 2IBD A; 5CXG A; 5FHP A; 2ID6 A; 2UXI A; 1JT0 A; 4NEL A; 3NI7 A; 5F0C A; 4D7N A; 3CWR A; 2DG8 A; 3B6C A; 4KWA A; 1JUM A; 2XPV A; 2QIB A; 4DW6 A; 2EH3 A; 2G0E A; 4HKU A; 2Y2Z A; 3Q0U A; 5K7Z A; 2TRT A; 4W97 A; 3VW2 A; 5EZG A; 5F27 A; 2UXH A; 4MXM A; 3BR1 A; 4M3F A; 1U9N A; 4AC6 A; 4V2F A; 4ICH A; 3LSP A; 4M3G A; 2WGB A; 2QOP A; 4M3E A; ...

MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA silencing is integral to virtually every cellular process including cell cycle progression and response to virus infection. The interplay between RNA silencing and HIV-1 is multifaceted, and accumulating evidence posits a strike-counterstrike interface that alters the cellular environment to favor virus replication. For instance, miRNA-mediated RNA silencing of HIV-1 translation is antagonized by HIV-1 Tat RNA silencing suppressor activity. The activity of HIV-1 accessory proteins Vpr/Vif delays cell cycle progression, which is a process prominently modulated by miRNA. The expression profile of cellular miRNA is altered by HIV-1 infection in both cultured cells and clinical samples. The open question stands of what, if any, is the contribution of Tat RNA silencing suppressor activity or Vpr/Vif activity to the perturbation of cellular miRNA by HIV-1. Herein, we compared the perturbation of miRNA expression profiles of lymphocytes infected with HIV-1NL4-3 or derivative

Éric A. Cohen (born March 19, 1958) is a Canadian molecular virologist whose research is focused on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-host interactions that govern viral replication and persistence. Cohen graduated from Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf of Montréal in 1977 with a college diploma in Health Sciences. He received a B.Sc. in Biochemistry from McGill University in 1981 and a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from Université de Montréal in 1987. As a Ph.D. student, he worked on fundamental aspects of herpes simplex virus replication and transformation under the direction of Yves Langelier. In 1986, he joined the laboratory of William A. Haseltine at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School as a postdoctoral fellow, working on fundamental aspects of HIV structure and function to uncover new targets for antiviral therapy. His postdoctoral work led to the identification of two HIV-1 non-structural proteins, named Viral Protein U (Vpu) and Viral Protein R (Vpr), part of a new ...

OBJECTIVES: To date there is no effective and safe vaccine to stop the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and provide cross protection among different subtypes. HIV accessory genes were overlooked for many years and recently they are becoming candidates for development of new anti-HIV drugs and vaccines. This is supported by their ability to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. To date, there are limited studies on accessory genes (nef, vif, vpr and vpu) on South African HIV strains. This study sought to amplify and analyse the sequences of HIV-1 subtype C accessory genes (vif, vpr and vpu) to assess the genetic diversity as well as the motifs and residues associated with key biological functions of these genes. This study further sought to compare the degree of genetic diversity between the accessory and structural genes. METHODS: The study was an exploratory study using stored (-70ºC) HIV positive plasma samples. The study population comprised of 25 HIV positive plasma samples ...

OBJECTIVES: To date there is no effective and safe vaccine to stop the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and provide cross protection among different subtypes. HIV accessory genes were overlooked for many years and recently they are becoming candidates for development of new anti-HIV drugs and vaccines. This is supported by their ability to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. To date, there are limited studies on accessory genes (nef, vif, vpr and vpu) on South African HIV strains. This study sought to amplify and analyse the sequences of HIV-1 subtype C accessory genes (vif, vpr and vpu) to assess the genetic diversity as well as the motifs and residues associated with key biological functions of these genes. This study further sought to compare the degree of genetic diversity between the accessory and structural genes. METHODS: The study was an exploratory study using stored (-70ºC) HIV positive plasma samples. The study population comprised of 25 HIV positive plasma samples ...

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following represent correct sequence cell cycle G0 G1 S G2 M G0 The correct sequence of cell growth cycle is G0-G1-S-G2-M. Quiescent cells are in a physiologic state called G0.G1 corresponds to the pre synthetic phaseS corresponds to the phase of DNA synthesisG2

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Prispelo je še nekaj vprašanj na temo seminarji. N. Horvat sprašuje o citoplazemskih vključkih: ... so to hraniva, ki jih shranjujejo nekatere bakterije v obliki zrnc v citoplazmi.... Odg.: pojem je širši in ne vključuje zgolj rezervnih snovi v celici (primer: zračni mešički). Vpr.: Ali naslednji izrazi: znotrajplazemski vkljucki, citoplazemska zrna, metahromatska zrna, pomenijo isto kot citoplazmatski vkljucki? Odg.: ...v glavnem gre za primerljive izraze, predlagam pa da se poenotimo na enem in ustrezen se mi zdi citoplazemski vključki. Vpr.: Ali pomeni izraz v anglescini cytoplasmic inclusion bodies - citoplazmatski vkljucki? Odg.: ...da, to je angleški sinonimni pojem.. ...

BIO protein rýžového základu s vysokou vstřebatelností. Obsahuje aminokyseliny z hrášku, chia semínek, quinoyi a amarantu.

In vertebrates, the nuclear pore has a maximum diameter of 120 nm. The nuclear pore can facilitate the movement of molecules smaller than 9 nm to a maximum diameter of 39 nm. This aspect of the nuclear pore is one of the three main challenges a virus must overcome in order to get its genome into the nucleus. The second problem of nuclear import involves the uncoating of the viral capsid or core. This step is crucial since premature capsid uncoating could be damaging to the viral genome. Furthermore, nucleic acids are required to have high densities and be very compact while in the nucleus. The last main issue with nuclear import has to do with the hydrophobic interactions between nucleoporins and the negatively charged nucleic acid. The HIV virus is able to overcome these challenges and infect non-differentiating cells [2]. The roles of matrix proteins (MA) and viral protein R (Vpr) in nuclear import is a controversial topic since the roles that these proteins play are still unclear. MA forms a ...

In vertebrates, the nuclear pore has a maximum diameter of 120 nm. The nuclear pore can facilitate the movement of molecules smaller than 9 nm to a maximum diameter of 39 nm. This aspect of the nuclear pore is one of the three main challenges a virus must overcome in order to get its genome into the nucleus. The second problem of nuclear import involves the uncoating of the viral capsid or core. This step is crucial since premature capsid uncoating could be damaging to the viral genome. Furthermore, nucleic acids are required to have high densities and be very compact while in the nucleus. The last main issue with nuclear import has to do with the hydrophobic interactions between nucleoporins and the negatively charged nucleic acid. The HIV virus is able to overcome these challenges and infect non-differentiating cells [2]. The roles of matrix proteins (MA) and viral protein R (Vpr) in nuclear import is a controversial topic since the roles that these proteins play are still unclear. MA forms a ...

Foamy viruses belong to the retroviruses which possess a complex genome structure. The human foamy virus (HFV) isolate bears three open reading frames (the so-called bel genes) in the 3 region of the genome which have been reported to give rise to possibly six different proteins via alternative splicing (W. Muranyi and R. M. Flügel, J. Virol. 65:727-735, 1991). In order to analyze the requirements of these proteins for HFV replication in vitro, we constructed a set of single and combinatory bel gene mutants of an infectious molecular clone of HFV. The mutant which lacked the transacting activator, bel-1, was found to be replication incompetent. All other mutants replicated equally well and gave rise to comparable titers of infectious cell-free virus. When HFV proviruses were put under the control of a heterologous promoter (simian virus 40), none of the accessory gene products was found to be required for expression of structural (gag) proteins. There was no evidence for a posttranscriptional ...

Read HIV-1 Vpr enhances production of receptor of activated NF-κB ligand (RANKL) via potentiation of glucocorticoid receptor activity, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

HIV-1 Tat exon 1 and Vpr were amplified from the DNA isolated from blood of HIV infected patients and cloned. Clones were got sequenced and aligned against reference sequences using CLUSTAL W. Sim plot analysis was done for recombinants. Their expression was accessed by transfection of HEK 293T cells with myc fusion clones of variants and western blotting using anti-myc antibody. The variant Tat clones were co-transfected with LTR-luc to investigate their LTR transactivation potential by dual luciferase reporter assay. ...

Id: stats.mod,v 1.226 2011/10/30 16:01:56 billl Exp $ :* COMMENT COMMENT randwd randomly chooses n bits to set to 1 hamming v.hamming(v1) is hamming distance between 2 vecs flipbits v.flipbits(scratch,num) flips num rand chosen bits flipbalbits v.flipbalbits(scratch,num) balanced flipping vpr v.vpr prints out vector as 1 (x[i],0) or 0 (x[i],=0) fac not vec related - returns factorial logfac not vec related - returns log factorial vseed set some C level randomizer seeds slope(num) does a linear regression to find the slope, assuming num=timestep of vector vslope(v2) does a linear regression to find the slope, assuming num=timestep of vector stats(num,[out]) does a linear regression, assuming num=timestep of vector vstats(v2,[out]) does a linear regression, using v2 as the x-coords setrnd(v,flag) does set rand using 1:rand, 2:drand48 v.hash(list) // make a hash out values in vecs in list v.unnan([nan_value,][inf_value]) // remove nans and infs from a vector ENDCOMMENT NEURON { SUFFIX stats ...

MUP046, -, len: 97 aa. Possible membrane protein, some similarity to Q92RR3 Hypothetical protein R00794 from Rhizobium meliloti (275 aa), E(): 26, (36.634% identity in 101 aa overlap). Contains a membrane spanning region between aa 24 to 46 ...

Palīdzēt ANO Bēgļu aģentūrai var dažādos veidos.. Viens palīdzības veids ir ziedojums. Ziedot varat tik, cik vēlaties - vērtīga būs jebkura summa. Atbalstiet UNHCR. Vēl viens veids, kā varat palīdzēt, ir veicināt izpratni, sekojot mums sociālajos tīklos vai palīdzot vākt līdzekļus.. Mēs aicinām arī praktikantus un ANO brīvprātīgos mūsu galvenajā birojā un citās struktūrvienībās.. ...

Cilvēki, kas bēg no kara un vajāšanas, var būt ļoti neaizsargāti. Viņus neaizsargā dzimtā valsts, turklāt viņus nereti vajā pašu valsts valdība. Ja citas valstis viņus neuzņem un neaizsargā, šie cilvēki var nonākt nepieņemamā situācijā, kad tiek apdraudētas viņu pamata tiesības, drošība un pat dzīvības.. UNHCR rūpējas par pārvietoto personu un bezvalstnieku pamata cilvēktiesību aizsardzību patvēruma vai pastāvīgās dzīvesvietas valstīs, nodrošinot to, ka bēgļi netiktu piespiedu kārtā atgriezti valstī, kur tos varētu vajāt. Ilgtermiņā mēs palīdzam bēgļiem arī rast risinājumus, lai brīvprātīgi atgrieztos savā dzimtenē, integrētos patvēruma valstīs vai pārceltos uz citām valstīm.. Daudzās valstīs mūsu darbinieki sadarbojas ar citām organizācijām dažādos reģionos - no galvaspilsētām līdz attālām nometnēm un pierobežas zonām. Viņi cenšas veicināt vai nodrošināt tiesisko un fizisko aizsardzību, kā arī ...

Background and aims: Protein kinases C (PKC) and A (PKA) are central signalling molecules in T cell activation and are involved in regulating gene expression. A viral accessory protein, viral protein R (Vpr), may interfere with their functions in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected T cells. The aim of the study was to design and apply pre-processing and analysis methods for cDNA microarray data to explore changes caused by PKC and PKA activation on Jurkat T cell gene expression and the influence of Vpr therein ...

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Dahl, H M.; Truelsen, E; and Blair, G E., The purification and properties of two low-molecular-weight proteins required for the initiation of translation in ascites tumour cells. (1977). Subject Strain Bibliography 1977. 1411 ...

DOC-1R (deleted in oral cancer-1 related) is a novel putative tumor suppressor. This study investigated DOC-1R antitumor activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell phenotypes ...

Id: nqs.hoc,v 1.678 2010/12/13 17:57:28 billl Exp $ // primarily edited in nrniv/place if (!name_declared(VECST_INSTALLED)) { printf(NQS ERROR: Need vecst.mod nmodl package compiled in special.\n) quit() } if (!VECST_INSTALLED) install_vecst() if (! name_declared(datestr)) load_file(setup.hoc) load_file(decvec.hoc) objref g[10] gvmarkflag=0 declared(file_len) strdef execstr,strform strform=%s //* stubs for ancillary programs double sops[21] // AUGMENT TO ADD NEW OPSYM declared(whvarg,whkey,varstr,nqsdel,chsel2,grsel2,oform) proc oformoff () { execute1(func oform(){return NOP}) } // default no operation proc oform64(){execute1(func oform(){{$o1.vpr(64,1)}return OK})} // vec.vpr(64) oformoff() nqsselcp=1 //* NQS template // potential to overwrite XO,tmpfile,i1 begintemplate NQS public cob,out,up // operate on this or out public s,comment,file,v,m,x,ind,scr,fcd,fcds,fcdo,fcdv,fcdl,sstr // strings and vecs public ...